This paper proposes an analysis and a direct power control (DPC) design of a wind turbine driven doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) under unbalanced network voltage conditions. A DFIG model described in the positiv...This paper proposes an analysis and a direct power control (DPC) design of a wind turbine driven doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) under unbalanced network voltage conditions. A DFIG model described in the positive and negative synchronous reference frames is presented. Variations of the stator output active and reactive powers are fully deduced in the presence of negative sequence supply voltage and rotor flux. An enhanced DPC scheme is proposed to eliminate stator active power oscillation during network unbalance. The proposed control scheme removes rotor current regulators and the decomposition processing of positive and negative sequence rotor currents. Simulation results using PSCAD/EMTDC are presented on a 2-MW DFIG wind power generation system to validate the feasibility of the proposed control scheme under balanced and unbalanced network conditions.展开更多
In predictive direct power control(PDPC)system of three-phase pulse width modulation(PWM)rectifier,grid voltage sensor makes the whole system more complex and costly.Therefore,third-order generalized integrator(TOGI)i...In predictive direct power control(PDPC)system of three-phase pulse width modulation(PWM)rectifier,grid voltage sensor makes the whole system more complex and costly.Therefore,third-order generalized integrator(TOGI)is used to generate orthogonal signals with the same frequency to estimate the grid voltage.In addition,in view of the deviation between actual and reference power in the three-phase PWM rectifier traditional PDPC strategy,a power correction link is designed to correct the power reference value.The grid voltage sensor free algorithm based on TOGI and the corrected PDPC strategy are applied to three-phase PWM rectifier and simulated on the simulation platform.Simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively eliminate the power tracking deviation and the grid voltage.The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by comparing the simulation results.展开更多
In this work, the authors propose the study of a wind speed variable based on the DFAM （double fed asynchronous machine）. The model of the turbine is drawn from the classical equations describing the operation of a ...In this work, the authors propose the study of a wind speed variable based on the DFAM （double fed asynchronous machine）. The model of the turbine is drawn from the classical equations describing the operation of a variable wind speed. The torque generated by the turbine is applied to the DFAM directly connected on the network side and the stator via a bidirectional converter side rotor. This configuration allows velocity variations of ±30% around the synchronous speed and the converter is then sized to one third of the rated power of the machine. The DFAM is controlled by a control vector ensuring operation of the wind turbine power coefficient maximum.展开更多
This paper presents a mathematical model of three-level voltage PWM rectifier,and derives a power control model from the theory of instantaneous power.In the vector-space,the influences on instantaneous power exercise...This paper presents a mathematical model of three-level voltage PWM rectifier,and derives a power control model from the theory of instantaneous power.In the vector-space,the influences on instantaneous power exercised by all the switching vectors are studied and illustrated separately,then a direct power control(DPC) scheme for three-level PWM rectifier which uses multistage band hysteresis comparator is proposed,and a novel switching table is designed.Meanwhile,the neutralpoint voltage unbalance is inhibited by selecting the redundancy switching states of small voltage vectors.Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed strategy can not only stabilize the DC bus voltage but also realize the unity power factor operation and the balance of neutral-point voltage.Moreover,the proposed method can improve the performance of the three-level rectifier.展开更多
This paper presents a multiple target implementation technique for a doubly fed induction generator （DFIG） under unbalanced and distorted grid voltage based on direct power control （DPC）. Based on the mathematical...This paper presents a multiple target implementation technique for a doubly fed induction generator （DFIG） under unbalanced and distorted grid voltage based on direct power control （DPC）. Based on the mathematical model of DFIG under unbalanced and distorted voltage, the proportional and integral （PI） regulator is adopted to regulate the DFIG average active and reactive powers, while the vector P1 （VPI） resonant regulator is used to achieve three alternative control targets： （1） balanced and sinusoidal stator current; （2） smooth instantaneous stator active and reactive powers; （3） smooth electromagnetic torque and instantaneous stator reactive power. The major advantage of the proposed control strategy over the conventional method is that neither negative and harmonic sequence decomposition of grid voltage nor complicated control reference calculation is required. The insensitivity of the proposed control strategy to DFIG parameter deviation is analyzed. Finally, the DFIG experimental system is developed to validate the availability of the proposed DPC strategy under unbalanced and distorted grid voltage,展开更多
When grid side converter(GSC)is connected to weak grid,the small signal instability can happen due to terminal characteristics of the GSC that are incompatible with the grid impedance.This issue is not of wide concern...When grid side converter(GSC)is connected to weak grid,the small signal instability can happen due to terminal characteristics of the GSC that are incompatible with the grid impedance.This issue is not of wide concern in previous studies of direct power control(DPC)of GSC.By small signal analysis,it is shown that the impedance characteristic of the conventional direct power control GSC is not compatible with the inductive grid impedance in weak grid due to its constant power load behavior.To solve the problem,instead of feeding the DPC controller with direct measured voltage and current,a Kalman filter(KF)is used to obtain filtered output current and a double second-order generalized integrator(DSOGI)is used to obtain filtered voltage at the point of common coupling(PCC).These strategies change the impedance characteristic of the GSC dramatically and make it suitable to operate in weak grid where SCR is 2,while the rapid power response is preserved.The proposed strategy is verified through simulation and controller hardware in loop(CHIL)tests.展开更多
In this paper,a new proposal for the implementation of the well-known direct power control(DPC)technique in grid-connected photovoltaic(PV)systems is suggested.Normally,the DPC is executed using a look-up table proced...In this paper,a new proposal for the implementation of the well-known direct power control(DPC)technique in grid-connected photovoltaic(PV)systems is suggested.Normally,the DPC is executed using a look-up table procedure based on the error between the actual and reference values of the active and reactive power.Thus,the structure of the DPC is simple and results in a fast transient behavior of the inner current loop(injected currents).Therefore,in the current study,the DPC is reformulated using a dead-beat function.In this formulation,the reference voltage vector(RVV)is obtained in theα-βreference frame.Consequently,the switching states for the inverter can be obtained based on the sign of the components of the RVV.The suggested DPC is compared with the conventional one and other switching tables,which are intended for performance enhancement.Furthermore,an extended Kalman filter(EKF)is utilized to eliminate all grid-voltage sensors.Moreover,the switching frequency of the proposed technique is minimized without any need for weighting factors or cost function evaluation.The overall control technique is validated using a hardware-in-the-loop(HIL)experimental set-up and compared with other schemes under different operating conditions.展开更多
Since only one inverter voltage vector is applied during each duty cycle, traditional model predictive direct power control(MPDPC) for grid-connected inverters(GCIs) results in serious harmonics in current and power. ...Since only one inverter voltage vector is applied during each duty cycle, traditional model predictive direct power control(MPDPC) for grid-connected inverters(GCIs) results in serious harmonics in current and power. Moreover, a high sampling frequency is needed to ensure satisfactory steady-state performance, which is contradictory to its long execution time due to the iterative prediction calculations. To solve these problems, a novel dead-beat MPDPC strategy is proposed, using two active inverter voltage vectors and one zero inverter voltage vector during each duty cycle. Adoption of three inverter vectors ensures a constant switching frequency. Thus, smooth steady-state performance of both current and power can be obtained. Unlike the traditional three-vector based MPDPC strategy, the proposed three vectors are selected based on the power errors rather than the sector where the grid voltage vector is located, which ensures that the duration times of the selected vectors are positive all the time. Iterative calculations of the cost function in traditional predictive control are also removed, which makes the proposed strategy easy to implement on digital signal processors(DSPs) for industrial applications. Results of experiments based on a 1 kW inverter setup validate the feasibility of the proposed three-vector based dead-beat MPDPC strategy.展开更多
Grid-forming(GFM)converters can provide inertia support for power grids through control technology,stabilize voltage and frequency,and improve system stability,unlike traditional grid-following(GFL)converters.Therefor...Grid-forming(GFM)converters can provide inertia support for power grids through control technology,stabilize voltage and frequency,and improve system stability,unlike traditional grid-following(GFL)converters.Therefore,in future“double high”power systems,research on the control technology of GFM converters will become an urgent demand.In this paper,we first introduce the basic principle of GFM control and then present five currently used control strategies for GFM converters:droop control,power synchronization control(PSC),virtual synchronous machine control(VSM),direct power control(DPC),and virtual oscillator control(VOC).These five strategies can independently establish voltage phasors to provide inertia to the system.Among these,droop control is the most widely used strategy.PSC and VSM are strategies that simulate the mechanical characteristics of synchronous generators;thus,they are more accurate than droop control.DPC regulates the active power and reactive power directly,with no inner current controller,and VOC is a novel method under study using an oscillator circuit to realize synchronization.Finally,we highlight key technologies and research directions to be addressed in the future.展开更多
The direct torque control theory has achieved great success in the control ofinduction motors. However, in the DTC drive system of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM)proposed a few years ago, there are many ba...The direct torque control theory has achieved great success in the control ofinduction motors. However, in the DTC drive system of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM)proposed a few years ago, there are many basic theoretical problems that must be clarified. Thispaper describes an investigation about the effect of the zero voltage space vectors in the DTCsystem of PMSM and points out that if using the zero voltage space vectors rationally, not only canthe DTC system be driven successfully but also the torque ripple is reduced and the performance ofthe system is improved. This paper also studies the sensorless technique in the DTC system of PMSMand configures the DTC system of PMSM with sensorless technique including zero voltage spacevectors. Numerical simulations and experimental tests have proved the theory correct. In thecondition of sensor-less, the DTC system of PMSM is wide-rangely speed adjusting, and the ratio ofspeed adjustment is 1: 100.展开更多
Recently, introduction of renewable energy sources like wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation has been increasing from the viewpoint of environmental problems. However, renewable energy power supplie...Recently, introduction of renewable energy sources like wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation has been increasing from the viewpoint of environmental problems. However, renewable energy power supplies have unstable output due to the influence of weather conditions such as wind speed variations, which may cause fluctuations of voltage and frequency in the power system. This paper proposes fuzzy PD based virtual inertia control system to decrease frequency fluctuations in power system caused by fluctuating output of renewable energy sources. The proposed new method is based on the coordinated control of HVDC interconnection line and battery, and energy balancing control is also incorporated in it. Finally, it is concluded that the proposed system is very effective for suppressing the frequency fluctuations of the power system due to the large-scale wind power generation and solar power generation and also for keeping the energy balancing in the HVDC transmission line.展开更多
In recent years, environmental problems are becoming serious and renewable energy has attracted attention as their solutions. However, the electricity generation using the renewable energy has a demerit that the outpu...In recent years, environmental problems are becoming serious and renewable energy has attracted attention as their solutions. However, the electricity generation using the renewable energy has a demerit that the output becomes unstable because of intermittent characteristics, such as variations of wind speed or solar radiation intensity. Frequency fluctuations due to the installation of large scale wind farm (WF) and photovoltaics (PV) into the power system is a major concern. In order to solve the problem, this paper proposes two control methods using High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) interconnection line to suppress the frequency fluctuations due to large scale of WF and PV. Comparative analysis between these two control methods is presented in this paper. One proposed method is a frequency control using a notch filter, and the other is using a deadband. Validity of the proposed methods is verified through simulation analyses, which is performed on a multi-machine power system model.展开更多
Voltage source converter high-voltage direct current （VSC-HVDC） is a new power transmission technology pref- erable in small or medium power transmission. In this paper we discuss a new control system based on space...Voltage source converter high-voltage direct current （VSC-HVDC） is a new power transmission technology pref- erable in small or medium power transmission. In this paper we discuss a new control system based on space vector modulation （SVM） without any voltage line sensors. Using direct power control （DPC） SVM and a new double synchronous reference frame phase-locked loop （DSRF-PLL） approach, the control system is resistant to the majority of line voltage disturbances. Also, the system response has accelerated by using a feed forward power decoupled loop. The operation of this control strategy was verified in a SIMULINK/MATLAB simulation environment. To validate this control system, a 5 kV.A prototype system was constructed. Compared to the original controllers, the current total harmonic distortion （THD）, the active and reactive deviations and the DC voltage overshoot were lowered by 2.5%, 6.2% and 8%, respectively. The rectifier power factor in the worst condition was 0.93 and the DC voltage settling time was 0.2 s.展开更多
The integration of wind turbines(WTs)in variable speed drive systems belongs to the main factors causing lowstability in electrical networks.Therefore,in order to avoid this issue,WTs hybridization with a storage syst...The integration of wind turbines(WTs)in variable speed drive systems belongs to the main factors causing lowstability in electrical networks.Therefore,in order to avoid this issue,WTs hybridization with a storage system is a mandatory.This paper investigates WT system operating at variable speed.The system contains of a permanent magnet synchronous generator(PMSG)supported by a battery storage system(BSS).To enhance the quality of active and reactive power injected into the network,direct power control(DPC)scheme utilizing space-vector modulation(SVM)technique based on proportional-integral(PI)control is proposed.Meanwhile,to improve the rendition of this method(DPC-SVM-PI),the rooted tree optimization technique(RTO)algorithm-based controller parameter identification is used to achieve PI optimal gains.To compare the performance ofRTO-based controllers,they were implemented and tested along with some other popular controllers under different working conditions.The obtained results have shown the supremacy of the suggested PIRTO algorithm compared to competing controllers regarding total harmonic distortion(THD),overshoot percentage,settling time,rise time,average active power value,overall efficiency,and active power steadystate error.展开更多
基金Project (No. 50577056) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘This paper proposes an analysis and a direct power control (DPC) design of a wind turbine driven doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) under unbalanced network voltage conditions. A DFIG model described in the positive and negative synchronous reference frames is presented. Variations of the stator output active and reactive powers are fully deduced in the presence of negative sequence supply voltage and rotor flux. An enhanced DPC scheme is proposed to eliminate stator active power oscillation during network unbalance. The proposed control scheme removes rotor current regulators and the decomposition processing of positive and negative sequence rotor currents. Simulation results using PSCAD/EMTDC are presented on a 2-MW DFIG wind power generation system to validate the feasibility of the proposed control scheme under balanced and unbalanced network conditions.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51767013,52067013)。
文摘In predictive direct power control(PDPC)system of three-phase pulse width modulation(PWM)rectifier,grid voltage sensor makes the whole system more complex and costly.Therefore,third-order generalized integrator(TOGI)is used to generate orthogonal signals with the same frequency to estimate the grid voltage.In addition,in view of the deviation between actual and reference power in the three-phase PWM rectifier traditional PDPC strategy,a power correction link is designed to correct the power reference value.The grid voltage sensor free algorithm based on TOGI and the corrected PDPC strategy are applied to three-phase PWM rectifier and simulated on the simulation platform.Simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively eliminate the power tracking deviation and the grid voltage.The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by comparing the simulation results.
文摘In this work, the authors propose the study of a wind speed variable based on the DFAM （double fed asynchronous machine）. The model of the turbine is drawn from the classical equations describing the operation of a variable wind speed. The torque generated by the turbine is applied to the DFAM directly connected on the network side and the stator via a bidirectional converter side rotor. This configuration allows velocity variations of ±30% around the synchronous speed and the converter is then sized to one third of the rated power of the machine. The DFAM is controlled by a control vector ensuring operation of the wind turbine power coefficient maximum.
基金supported by the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51037004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51077097)the Key Technologies Research and Development Program of Tianjin (Grant No.11ZCKFGX03300)
文摘This paper presents a mathematical model of three-level voltage PWM rectifier,and derives a power control model from the theory of instantaneous power.In the vector-space,the influences on instantaneous power exercised by all the switching vectors are studied and illustrated separately,then a direct power control(DPC) scheme for three-level PWM rectifier which uses multistage band hysteresis comparator is proposed,and a novel switching table is designed.Meanwhile,the neutralpoint voltage unbalance is inhibited by selecting the redundancy switching states of small voltage vectors.Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed strategy can not only stabilize the DC bus voltage but also realize the unity power factor operation and the balance of neutral-point voltage.Moreover,the proposed method can improve the performance of the three-level rectifier.
基金Project supported by the National High-Tech R&D Program(863)of China(No.2011AA050204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51277159)
文摘This paper presents a multiple target implementation technique for a doubly fed induction generator （DFIG） under unbalanced and distorted grid voltage based on direct power control （DPC）. Based on the mathematical model of DFIG under unbalanced and distorted voltage, the proportional and integral （PI） regulator is adopted to regulate the DFIG average active and reactive powers, while the vector P1 （VPI） resonant regulator is used to achieve three alternative control targets： （1） balanced and sinusoidal stator current; （2） smooth instantaneous stator active and reactive powers; （3） smooth electromagnetic torque and instantaneous stator reactive power. The major advantage of the proposed control strategy over the conventional method is that neither negative and harmonic sequence decomposition of grid voltage nor complicated control reference calculation is required. The insensitivity of the proposed control strategy to DFIG parameter deviation is analyzed. Finally, the DFIG experimental system is developed to validate the availability of the proposed DPC strategy under unbalanced and distorted grid voltage,
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51622706).
文摘When grid side converter(GSC)is connected to weak grid,the small signal instability can happen due to terminal characteristics of the GSC that are incompatible with the grid impedance.This issue is not of wide concern in previous studies of direct power control(DPC)of GSC.By small signal analysis,it is shown that the impedance characteristic of the conventional direct power control GSC is not compatible with the inductive grid impedance in weak grid due to its constant power load behavior.To solve the problem,instead of feeding the DPC controller with direct measured voltage and current,a Kalman filter(KF)is used to obtain filtered output current and a double second-order generalized integrator(DSOGI)is used to obtain filtered voltage at the point of common coupling(PCC).These strategies change the impedance characteristic of the GSC dramatically and make it suitable to operate in weak grid where SCR is 2,while the rapid power response is preserved.The proposed strategy is verified through simulation and controller hardware in loop(CHIL)tests.
文摘In this paper,a new proposal for the implementation of the well-known direct power control(DPC)technique in grid-connected photovoltaic(PV)systems is suggested.Normally,the DPC is executed using a look-up table procedure based on the error between the actual and reference values of the active and reactive power.Thus,the structure of the DPC is simple and results in a fast transient behavior of the inner current loop(injected currents).Therefore,in the current study,the DPC is reformulated using a dead-beat function.In this formulation,the reference voltage vector(RVV)is obtained in theα-βreference frame.Consequently,the switching states for the inverter can be obtained based on the sign of the components of the RVV.The suggested DPC is compared with the conventional one and other switching tables,which are intended for performance enhancement.Furthermore,an extended Kalman filter(EKF)is utilized to eliminate all grid-voltage sensors.Moreover,the switching frequency of the proposed technique is minimized without any need for weighting factors or cost function evaluation.The overall control technique is validated using a hardware-in-the-loop(HIL)experimental set-up and compared with other schemes under different operating conditions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51622706)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.2017XZZX002-17)
文摘Since only one inverter voltage vector is applied during each duty cycle, traditional model predictive direct power control(MPDPC) for grid-connected inverters(GCIs) results in serious harmonics in current and power. Moreover, a high sampling frequency is needed to ensure satisfactory steady-state performance, which is contradictory to its long execution time due to the iterative prediction calculations. To solve these problems, a novel dead-beat MPDPC strategy is proposed, using two active inverter voltage vectors and one zero inverter voltage vector during each duty cycle. Adoption of three inverter vectors ensures a constant switching frequency. Thus, smooth steady-state performance of both current and power can be obtained. Unlike the traditional three-vector based MPDPC strategy, the proposed three vectors are selected based on the power errors rather than the sector where the grid voltage vector is located, which ensures that the duration times of the selected vectors are positive all the time. Iterative calculations of the cost function in traditional predictive control are also removed, which makes the proposed strategy easy to implement on digital signal processors(DSPs) for industrial applications. Results of experiments based on a 1 kW inverter setup validate the feasibility of the proposed three-vector based dead-beat MPDPC strategy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52177122)the“Transformational Technologies for Clean Energy and Demonstration”,Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA 21050100)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(No.2018170)。
文摘Grid-forming(GFM)converters can provide inertia support for power grids through control technology,stabilize voltage and frequency,and improve system stability,unlike traditional grid-following(GFL)converters.Therefore,in future“double high”power systems,research on the control technology of GFM converters will become an urgent demand.In this paper,we first introduce the basic principle of GFM control and then present five currently used control strategies for GFM converters:droop control,power synchronization control(PSC),virtual synchronous machine control(VSM),direct power control(DPC),and virtual oscillator control(VOC).These five strategies can independently establish voltage phasors to provide inertia to the system.Among these,droop control is the most widely used strategy.PSC and VSM are strategies that simulate the mechanical characteristics of synchronous generators;thus,they are more accurate than droop control.DPC regulates the active power and reactive power directly,with no inner current controller,and VOC is a novel method under study using an oscillator circuit to realize synchronization.Finally,we highlight key technologies and research directions to be addressed in the future.
基金Aeronautical Science Emphasis foundation of China( 98Z5 2 0 0 1) Delta Power Electronics Science &Education DevelopmentF und
文摘The direct torque control theory has achieved great success in the control ofinduction motors. However, in the DTC drive system of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM)proposed a few years ago, there are many basic theoretical problems that must be clarified. Thispaper describes an investigation about the effect of the zero voltage space vectors in the DTCsystem of PMSM and points out that if using the zero voltage space vectors rationally, not only canthe DTC system be driven successfully but also the torque ripple is reduced and the performance ofthe system is improved. This paper also studies the sensorless technique in the DTC system of PMSMand configures the DTC system of PMSM with sensorless technique including zero voltage spacevectors. Numerical simulations and experimental tests have proved the theory correct. In thecondition of sensor-less, the DTC system of PMSM is wide-rangely speed adjusting, and the ratio ofspeed adjustment is 1: 100.
文摘Recently, introduction of renewable energy sources like wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation has been increasing from the viewpoint of environmental problems. However, renewable energy power supplies have unstable output due to the influence of weather conditions such as wind speed variations, which may cause fluctuations of voltage and frequency in the power system. This paper proposes fuzzy PD based virtual inertia control system to decrease frequency fluctuations in power system caused by fluctuating output of renewable energy sources. The proposed new method is based on the coordinated control of HVDC interconnection line and battery, and energy balancing control is also incorporated in it. Finally, it is concluded that the proposed system is very effective for suppressing the frequency fluctuations of the power system due to the large-scale wind power generation and solar power generation and also for keeping the energy balancing in the HVDC transmission line.
文摘In recent years, environmental problems are becoming serious and renewable energy has attracted attention as their solutions. However, the electricity generation using the renewable energy has a demerit that the output becomes unstable because of intermittent characteristics, such as variations of wind speed or solar radiation intensity. Frequency fluctuations due to the installation of large scale wind farm (WF) and photovoltaics (PV) into the power system is a major concern. In order to solve the problem, this paper proposes two control methods using High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) interconnection line to suppress the frequency fluctuations due to large scale of WF and PV. Comparative analysis between these two control methods is presented in this paper. One proposed method is a frequency control using a notch filter, and the other is using a deadband. Validity of the proposed methods is verified through simulation analyses, which is performed on a multi-machine power system model.
文摘Voltage source converter high-voltage direct current （VSC-HVDC） is a new power transmission technology pref- erable in small or medium power transmission. In this paper we discuss a new control system based on space vector modulation （SVM） without any voltage line sensors. Using direct power control （DPC） SVM and a new double synchronous reference frame phase-locked loop （DSRF-PLL） approach, the control system is resistant to the majority of line voltage disturbances. Also, the system response has accelerated by using a feed forward power decoupled loop. The operation of this control strategy was verified in a SIMULINK/MATLAB simulation environment. To validate this control system, a 5 kV.A prototype system was constructed. Compared to the original controllers, the current total harmonic distortion （THD）, the active and reactive deviations and the DC voltage overshoot were lowered by 2.5%, 6.2% and 8%, respectively. The rectifier power factor in the worst condition was 0.93 and the DC voltage settling time was 0.2 s.
文摘The integration of wind turbines(WTs)in variable speed drive systems belongs to the main factors causing lowstability in electrical networks.Therefore,in order to avoid this issue,WTs hybridization with a storage system is a mandatory.This paper investigates WT system operating at variable speed.The system contains of a permanent magnet synchronous generator(PMSG)supported by a battery storage system(BSS).To enhance the quality of active and reactive power injected into the network,direct power control(DPC)scheme utilizing space-vector modulation(SVM)technique based on proportional-integral(PI)control is proposed.Meanwhile,to improve the rendition of this method(DPC-SVM-PI),the rooted tree optimization technique(RTO)algorithm-based controller parameter identification is used to achieve PI optimal gains.To compare the performance ofRTO-based controllers,they were implemented and tested along with some other popular controllers under different working conditions.The obtained results have shown the supremacy of the suggested PIRTO algorithm compared to competing controllers regarding total harmonic distortion(THD),overshoot percentage,settling time,rise time,average active power value,overall efficiency,and active power steadystate error.
