Looking from China’s neighboring environment, the America factor is undoubtedly the most important factor in analyzing China’s neighboring security. Speaking of U. S. influence on China’s neighboring security, some...Looking from China’s neighboring environment, the America factor is undoubtedly the most important factor in analyzing China’s neighboring security. Speaking of U. S. influence on China’s neighboring security, some scholars tend to believe that the unfavorable factors play a dominant role. This conclusion comes from the "new moonshape encirclement" already existing since the Cold War in America,展开更多
As an important regional organization in the Middle East,the Gulf Cooperation Council(GCC)faces many challenges in its current development.Today,trapped in intensified internal and external problems,as well as caught ...As an important regional organization in the Middle East,the Gulf Cooperation Council(GCC)faces many challenges in its current development.Today,trapped in intensified internal and external problems,as well as caught in increasingly crises,the GCC is standing at a difficult crossroad.The diplomatic strategies of the GCC in general since its establishment have always been looking towards the West,especially towards the United States(the US).All member states of the GCC maintain close ties with the US and their diplomatic strategies are heavily dependent on it.However,in recent years,the drastic changes in the Middle East and of the international political patterns have posed severe challenges to the GCC states’diplomatic strategies,which have also brought some opportunities with which the GCC states begin to change their diplomatic strategies significantly.Under the new circumstances,the GCC states,especially Saudi Arabia,are extricating themselves from the diplomatic tradition of looking westwards while beginning to make remarkable changes towards looking and going eastwards instead,gradually showing their trend of diversification and autonomy in diplomacy and trying to balance their diplomacy among regional and world powers,also between the East and the West.Therefore,any development on diplomatic orientation of the GCC states,especially Saudi Arabia,along with the accompanying impact on the geopolitical situation in the Middle East,deserves sustained attention.Indeed,it is really a problem for the GCC states to go eastwards or go westwards.展开更多
Following the beginning of the Ukraine crisis in 2022,Russia accelerated its so-called pivot to East,using diplomacy,trade,energy,infrastructure logistics,and identity,due to the rapid decoupling from Russia by the Un...Following the beginning of the Ukraine crisis in 2022,Russia accelerated its so-called pivot to East,using diplomacy,trade,energy,infrastructure logistics,and identity,due to the rapid decoupling from Russia by the United States and the West across all directions.The timing,depth,and significance of this pivot to East are unparalleled,but its implementation continues to face much uncertainty.At present,this turn to East does not entail a permanent turn away from the West on the part of Russia,nor does it mean that Russia will only rely on the East,and still less does it imply any transformation of Russia’s national identity.On the contrary,as a center of sovereignty in the world and with its unique national civilization,Russia will continue to rely more on its own strength and shoulder its unique historical mission in the current period of change in the international order.展开更多
The Russia-Ukraine situation has become a notable international issue,with the resulting changes in global diplomatic relations gaining considerable attention.To examine the evolving diplomatic strategies of the count...The Russia-Ukraine situation has become a notable international issue,with the resulting changes in global diplomatic relations gaining considerable attention.To examine the evolving diplomatic strategies of the countries involved,the authors apply the theories and methodologies of complex network games.First,the authors incorporate overflow payoff theory from economic and trade cooperation networks to summarise the spillover income phenomenon in diplomatic games and to facilitate modelling.Drawing on the classic Fermi rule in network game theory,the authors introduce belief and the same-strategy factors to propose an evolutionary game rule driven by interests,beliefs,and neighbouring strategies.Using numerical simulations,the authors examine the factors that affect the evolutionarily stable strategies of various nations.The authors also conduct comparative experiments to validate the scientific credibility of the method proposed in this paper.展开更多
The recent diplomatic crisis sparked by Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi’s comments over Taiwan is not an isolated or spontaneous incident.It is a calculated step in a broader,ongoing strategy by the U.S.and it...The recent diplomatic crisis sparked by Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi’s comments over Taiwan is not an isolated or spontaneous incident.It is a calculated step in a broader,ongoing strategy by the U.S.and its client states toward confrontation with China,a strategy mirroring that which the U.S.has likewise created to confront Russia through Ukraine and increasingly the rest of Europe.展开更多
The friendly intercourse between China and the Middle East countries,which could be traced back to over 2000 years,may be divided roughly into two periods since the founding of the People’s Republic of China.For the ...The friendly intercourse between China and the Middle East countries,which could be traced back to over 2000 years,may be divided roughly into two periods since the founding of the People’s Republic of China.For the former 30 years,the establishment of diplomatic relations was promoted primarily and actively,through the main means of cooperation and coordination in politics,and the minor means of economic exchanges,trade,business and social culture;while for the latter 30 years,cooperation in the political field mainly deepened,as well as economic exchanges and cooperation,trade and social culture.We should make a systematic strategy for the Middle East in terms of its important role in the world politics and economy.China’s Middle East strategy is not to establish a rigid"model",but a"system of relatively open strategy".This article puts forward a few thoughts,from the perspectives of international politics,national security,economic and financial cooperation and the soft power enhancement.展开更多
文摘Looking from China’s neighboring environment, the America factor is undoubtedly the most important factor in analyzing China’s neighboring security. Speaking of U. S. influence on China’s neighboring security, some scholars tend to believe that the unfavorable factors play a dominant role. This conclusion comes from the "new moonshape encirclement" already existing since the Cold War in America,
基金This article is one of the research outcomes of the Academic Leading Project“Research on the Contemporary Social Transformation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia”[JX01X0212018032]a project in its second term held by Shanghai International Studies University.
文摘As an important regional organization in the Middle East,the Gulf Cooperation Council(GCC)faces many challenges in its current development.Today,trapped in intensified internal and external problems,as well as caught in increasingly crises,the GCC is standing at a difficult crossroad.The diplomatic strategies of the GCC in general since its establishment have always been looking towards the West,especially towards the United States(the US).All member states of the GCC maintain close ties with the US and their diplomatic strategies are heavily dependent on it.However,in recent years,the drastic changes in the Middle East and of the international political patterns have posed severe challenges to the GCC states’diplomatic strategies,which have also brought some opportunities with which the GCC states begin to change their diplomatic strategies significantly.Under the new circumstances,the GCC states,especially Saudi Arabia,are extricating themselves from the diplomatic tradition of looking westwards while beginning to make remarkable changes towards looking and going eastwards instead,gradually showing their trend of diversification and autonomy in diplomacy and trying to balance their diplomacy among regional and world powers,also between the East and the West.Therefore,any development on diplomatic orientation of the GCC states,especially Saudi Arabia,along with the accompanying impact on the geopolitical situation in the Middle East,deserves sustained attention.Indeed,it is really a problem for the GCC states to go eastwards or go westwards.
文摘Following the beginning of the Ukraine crisis in 2022,Russia accelerated its so-called pivot to East,using diplomacy,trade,energy,infrastructure logistics,and identity,due to the rapid decoupling from Russia by the United States and the West across all directions.The timing,depth,and significance of this pivot to East are unparalleled,but its implementation continues to face much uncertainty.At present,this turn to East does not entail a permanent turn away from the West on the part of Russia,nor does it mean that Russia will only rely on the East,and still less does it imply any transformation of Russia’s national identity.On the contrary,as a center of sovereignty in the world and with its unique national civilization,Russia will continue to rely more on its own strength and shoulder its unique historical mission in the current period of change in the international order.
基金supported by the Key Research Project of the Basic Research Program under Grant No.2020-J***-ZD-005。
文摘The Russia-Ukraine situation has become a notable international issue,with the resulting changes in global diplomatic relations gaining considerable attention.To examine the evolving diplomatic strategies of the countries involved,the authors apply the theories and methodologies of complex network games.First,the authors incorporate overflow payoff theory from economic and trade cooperation networks to summarise the spillover income phenomenon in diplomatic games and to facilitate modelling.Drawing on the classic Fermi rule in network game theory,the authors introduce belief and the same-strategy factors to propose an evolutionary game rule driven by interests,beliefs,and neighbouring strategies.Using numerical simulations,the authors examine the factors that affect the evolutionarily stable strategies of various nations.The authors also conduct comparative experiments to validate the scientific credibility of the method proposed in this paper.
文摘The recent diplomatic crisis sparked by Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi’s comments over Taiwan is not an isolated or spontaneous incident.It is a calculated step in a broader,ongoing strategy by the U.S.and its client states toward confrontation with China,a strategy mirroring that which the U.S.has likewise created to confront Russia through Ukraine and increasingly the rest of Europe.
文摘The friendly intercourse between China and the Middle East countries,which could be traced back to over 2000 years,may be divided roughly into two periods since the founding of the People’s Republic of China.For the former 30 years,the establishment of diplomatic relations was promoted primarily and actively,through the main means of cooperation and coordination in politics,and the minor means of economic exchanges,trade,business and social culture;while for the latter 30 years,cooperation in the political field mainly deepened,as well as economic exchanges and cooperation,trade and social culture.We should make a systematic strategy for the Middle East in terms of its important role in the world politics and economy.China’s Middle East strategy is not to establish a rigid"model",but a"system of relatively open strategy".This article puts forward a few thoughts,from the perspectives of international politics,national security,economic and financial cooperation and the soft power enhancement.
