The use of radio frequency energy is an established technology for certain oncology therapies. Direct inputs of radio frequency (RF) energy as thermal energy are applied to ablate tumors or catalyze secondary reaction...The use of radio frequency energy is an established technology for certain oncology therapies. Direct inputs of radio frequency (RF) energy as thermal energy are applied to ablate tumors or catalyze secondary reactions in adjunct treatments against certain tumor types. Yet, other applications are being developed which take advantage of properties of RFs that impinge on biological proteins and cells without thermal effects. Here we report a proof-of-concept application of specific, digitally encoded, low power (non-thermal) radio frequency energy in an in vitro preparation of a tubulin polymerization assay. The radio frequency energy signal, designated M2(3), was applied to the tubulin polymerization assay samples during spectrophotometric measurements to assess the effectiveness for enhancing tubulin polymerization. A commercially available taxane (paclitaxel) that promotes tubulin polymerization was used as a control to assess the effectiveness of the M2(3) radio frequency energy signal on tubulin polymerization rates. A low power, specific, digital radio frequency energy signal is capable of promoting tubulin polymerization as effectively as a commercially available taxane.展开更多
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome [TTS] is the most common lower limb focal neuropathy but it has a poor pick up rate in most Electrodiagnostic (EXD) Laboratories. There is no gold standard for assessing TTS. The tibial nerve ha...Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome [TTS] is the most common lower limb focal neuropathy but it has a poor pick up rate in most Electrodiagnostic (EXD) Laboratories. There is no gold standard for assessing TTS. The tibial nerve has a complex branching system with 4 main branches and 9 different patterns of division. This study evaluated potential TTS with a similar and extensive assessment of the tibial nerve. The protocol involved 2 tibial motor studies to the Adductor Hallucis Longus (AH) and Adductor Digiti Quinti (ADQ) muscles, assessing amplitudes and distal latencies;medial plantar, lateral plantar and calcaneal sensory studies assessing amplitudes and distal latencies. A needle EMG to the tibial innervated AH and ADQ muscles was also performed. This protocol evaluated 12 different parameters which significantly increased the diagnostic yield. TTS has a low pick up rate using current standard assessment methods accounting for between 0.5% and 0.6% of positive cases referred to electrodiagnostic laboratories. This study had a pick up rate of 3.3% with 40 positive cases identified out of a population of 1210 patients referred to an electrodiagnostic laboratory in a calendar year. A combination of positive findings was observed. There were on average 4.3 positive parameters. The calcaneal sensory study and the needle EMG to the distal AH and ADQ muscles were the most sensitive tests. These 3 tests are not routinely performed in most labs. Of the 40 cases of TTS over 80% had a history of either prior injury or surgery to affected lower limb. This study suggests that this 12 parameter assessment will increase diagnostic sensitivity.展开更多
文摘The use of radio frequency energy is an established technology for certain oncology therapies. Direct inputs of radio frequency (RF) energy as thermal energy are applied to ablate tumors or catalyze secondary reactions in adjunct treatments against certain tumor types. Yet, other applications are being developed which take advantage of properties of RFs that impinge on biological proteins and cells without thermal effects. Here we report a proof-of-concept application of specific, digitally encoded, low power (non-thermal) radio frequency energy in an in vitro preparation of a tubulin polymerization assay. The radio frequency energy signal, designated M2(3), was applied to the tubulin polymerization assay samples during spectrophotometric measurements to assess the effectiveness for enhancing tubulin polymerization. A commercially available taxane (paclitaxel) that promotes tubulin polymerization was used as a control to assess the effectiveness of the M2(3) radio frequency energy signal on tubulin polymerization rates. A low power, specific, digital radio frequency energy signal is capable of promoting tubulin polymerization as effectively as a commercially available taxane.
文摘Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome [TTS] is the most common lower limb focal neuropathy but it has a poor pick up rate in most Electrodiagnostic (EXD) Laboratories. There is no gold standard for assessing TTS. The tibial nerve has a complex branching system with 4 main branches and 9 different patterns of division. This study evaluated potential TTS with a similar and extensive assessment of the tibial nerve. The protocol involved 2 tibial motor studies to the Adductor Hallucis Longus (AH) and Adductor Digiti Quinti (ADQ) muscles, assessing amplitudes and distal latencies;medial plantar, lateral plantar and calcaneal sensory studies assessing amplitudes and distal latencies. A needle EMG to the tibial innervated AH and ADQ muscles was also performed. This protocol evaluated 12 different parameters which significantly increased the diagnostic yield. TTS has a low pick up rate using current standard assessment methods accounting for between 0.5% and 0.6% of positive cases referred to electrodiagnostic laboratories. This study had a pick up rate of 3.3% with 40 positive cases identified out of a population of 1210 patients referred to an electrodiagnostic laboratory in a calendar year. A combination of positive findings was observed. There were on average 4.3 positive parameters. The calcaneal sensory study and the needle EMG to the distal AH and ADQ muscles were the most sensitive tests. These 3 tests are not routinely performed in most labs. Of the 40 cases of TTS over 80% had a history of either prior injury or surgery to affected lower limb. This study suggests that this 12 parameter assessment will increase diagnostic sensitivity.
