As a new type of pollutant,the harm caused by microplastics(MPs)to organisms has been the research focus.Recently,the proportion of MPs ingested through the digestive tract has gradually increased with the popularity ...As a new type of pollutant,the harm caused by microplastics(MPs)to organisms has been the research focus.Recently,the proportion of MPs ingested through the digestive tract has gradually increased with the popularity of fast-food products,such as takeout.The damage to the digestive system has attracted increasing attention.We reviewed the literature regarding toxicity of MPs and observed that they have different effects on multiple organs of the digestive system.The mechanism may be related to the toxic effects of MPs themselves,interactions with various substances in the biological body,and participation in various signaling pathways to induce adverse reactions as a carrier of toxins to increase the time and amount of body absorption.Based on the toxicity mechanism of MPs,we propose specific suggestions to provide a theoretical reference for the government and relevant departments.展开更多
Digestive system diseases seriously threaten human physical and mental health,with their incidence remaining persistently high.The NLRP3 inflammasome is a core multiprotein complex of the innate immune system,regulati...Digestive system diseases seriously threaten human physical and mental health,with their incidence remaining persistently high.The NLRP3 inflammasome is a core multiprotein complex of the innate immune system,regulating the maturation and release of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-1βand IL-18.The NLRP3 inflammasome,as a key innate immune sensor,plays a significant role in the occurrence and development of various digestive system diseases.This paper reviewed the research progress on the NLRP3 inflammasome in digestive system diseases,and explored the relationship between the NLRP3 inflammasome and these diseases,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of digestive system diseases.展开更多
AIM To investigate the prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with chronic digestive system diseases.METHODS A total of 1736 patients with chronic digestive systemdiseases were included in this cross-section...AIM To investigate the prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with chronic digestive system diseases.METHODS A total of 1736 patients with chronic digestive systemdiseases were included in this cross-sectional study, including 871 outpatients and 865 in-patients. A selfdesigned General Information for Patients of the Department of Gastroenterology of General Hospitals questionnaire was used to collect each patient's general information, which included demographic data(including age, sex, marital status, and education) and disease characteristics(including major diseases, disease duration, principal symptoms, chronic pain, sleep disorder, and limited daily activities).RESULTS The overall detection rate was 31.11%(540/1736) for depression symptoms alone, 27.02%(469/1736) for anxiety symptoms alone, 20.68%(359/1736) for both depression and anxiety symptoms, and 37.44%(650/1736) for either depression or anxiety symptoms. Subjects aged 70 years or above had the highest detection rate of depression(44.06%) and anxiety symptoms(33.33%). χ2 trend test showed: the higher the body mass index(BMI), the lower the detection rate of depression and anxiety symptoms(χ2trend = 13.697, P < 0.001; χ2trend = 9.082, P = 0.003); the more severe the limited daily activities, the higher the detection rate of depression and anxiety symptoms(χ2trend = 130.455, P < 0.001, χ2trend = 108.528, P < 0.001); and the poorer the sleep quality, the higher the detection rate of depression and anxiety symptoms(χ2trend = 85.759, P < 0.001; χ2trend = 51.969, P < 0.001). Patients with digestive system tumors had the highest detection rate of depression(57.55%) and anxiety(55.19%), followed by patients with liver cirrhosis(41.35% and 48.08%). Depression and anxiety symptoms were also high in subjects with comorbid hypertension and coronary heart disease. CONCLUSION Depression and anxiety occur in patients with tumors, liver cirrhosis, functional dyspepsia, and chronic viral hepatitis. Elderly, divorced/widowed, poor sleep quality, and lower BMI are associated with higher risk of depression and anxiety.展开更多
Objective： To explore the safety of ultrasound and microbubbles for enhancing the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of malignant tumors in the digestive system in a clinical trial, as well as its efficacy.Methods： From O...Objective： To explore the safety of ultrasound and microbubbles for enhancing the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of malignant tumors in the digestive system in a clinical trial, as well as its efficacy.Methods： From October 2014 to June 2016, twelve patients volunteered to participate in this study. Eleven patients had hepatic metastases from tumors of the digestive system, and one patient had pancreatic carcinoma. According to the mechanical index （MI） in the ultrasound field, patients were classified into four groups with MIs of 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0. Within half an hour after chemotherapy, patients underwent ultrasound scanning with ultrasound microbubbles （SonoVue） to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy. All adverse reactions were recorded and were classified in 4 grades according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.03 （CTCAE V4.03）. Tumor responses were evaluated by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 criteria. All the patients were followed up until progression.Results： All the adverse reactions recorded were level 1 or level 2. No local pain occurred in any of the patients. Among all the adverse reactions, fever might be related to the treatment with ultrasound combined with microbubbles. Six patients had stable disease （SD）, and one patient had a partial response （PR） after the first cycle of treatment. At the end of follow-up, tumor progression was restricted to the original sites, and no new lesions had appeared.Conclusions： Our preliminary data showed the potential role of a combined treatment with ultrasound and microbubbles in enhancing the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of malignant tumors of the digestive system. This technique is safe when the MI is no greater than 1.0.展开更多
AIM： To analyze the characteristics of multiple primary malignancies （MPMs） of digestive system; including incidence, types of tumor combinations, time intervals between development of multiple tumors, clinical cou...AIM： To analyze the characteristics of multiple primary malignancies （MPMs） of digestive system; including incidence, types of tumor combinations, time intervals between development of multiple tumors, clinical course,and prognostic factors affecting survival and mortality.METHODS： Data from a total of 129 patients treated from January 1991 to December 2000 for pathologically proved MPMs, including at least one originating from the digestive system, were reviewed retrospectively.RESULTS： Among 129 patients, 120 （93.02%） had two primary cancers and 9 （6.98%） had three primary cancers. The major sites of MPMs of the digestive system were large intestine, stomach, and liver. Associated nondigestive cancers included 40 cases of gynecological cancers, of which 31 were carcinoma of cervix and 10 cases of genitourinary cancers, of which 5 were bladder cancers. Other cancers originated from the lung, breast,nasopharynx, larynx, thyroid, brain, muscle, and skin.Reproductive tract cancers, especially cervical, ovarian,bladder, and prostate cancers were the most commonlyassociated non-G! cancers, followed by cancer of the lung and breasts. Forty-three cases were synchronous, while the rest （86 cases） were metachronous cancers. Staging of MPMs and treatment regimes correlated with the prognosis between survival and non-survival groups.CONCLUSION： As advances in cancer therapy bring about a progressively larger percentage of long-term survivors, the proportion of patients with subsequent primary lesions will increase. Early diagnosis of these lesions, based on an awareness of the possibility of second and third cancers, and multidiscipiinary treatment strategies will substantially increase the survival of these patients.展开更多
Management of cancers of the digestive system has progressed rapidly into the molecular era. Despite the significant recent achievements in the diagnosis and treatment of these patients, the number of deaths for these...Management of cancers of the digestive system has progressed rapidly into the molecular era. Despite the significant recent achievements in the diagnosis and treatment of these patients, the number of deaths for these tumors has currently plateaued. Many investigations have assessed the role of HER2 in tumors of the digestive system in both prognostic and therapeutic settings, with heterogeneous results. Novel testing and treatment guidelines are emerging, in particular in gastric and colorectal cancers. However, further advances are needed. In this review we provide a comprehensive overview of the current state-ofknowledge of HER2 alterations in the most common tumors of the digestive system and discuss the operational implications of HER2 testing.展开更多
Gender disparities are evident across different types of digestive system cancers,which are typically characterized by a lower incidence and mortality rate in females compared to males.This finding suggests a potentia...Gender disparities are evident across different types of digestive system cancers,which are typically characterized by a lower incidence and mortality rate in females compared to males.This finding suggests a potential protective role of female steroid hormones,particularly estrogen,in the development of these cancers.Estrogen is a well-known sex hormone that not only regulates the reproductive system but also exerts diverse effects on non-reproductive organs mediated through interactions with estrogen receptors(ERs),including the classic(ERαand ERβ)and non-traditional ERs[G protein-coupled estrogen receptor(GPER)].Recent advances have contributed to our comprehension of the mechanisms underlying ERs in digestive system cancers.In this comprehensive review we summarize the current understanding of the intricate roles played by estrogen and ERs in the major types of digestive system cancers,including hepatocellular,pancreatic,esophageal,gastric,and colorectal carcinoma.Furthermore,we discuss the potential molecular mechanisms underlying ERα,ERβ,and GPER effects,and propose perspectives on innovative therapies and preventive measures targeting the pathways regulated by estrogen and ERs.The roles of estrogen and ERs in digestive system cancers are complicated and depend on the cell type and tissue involved.Additionally,deciphering the intricate roles of estrogen,ERs,and the associated signaling pathways may guide the discovery of novel and tailored therapeutic and preventive strategies for digestive system cancers,eventually improving the care and clinical outcomes for the substantial number of individuals worldwide affected by these malignancies.展开更多
Digestive system cancers,including liver,gastric,colon,esophageal and pancreatic cancers,are the leading cause of cancers with high morbidity and mortality,and the question of their clinical treatment is still open.Pr...Digestive system cancers,including liver,gastric,colon,esophageal and pancreatic cancers,are the leading cause of cancers with high morbidity and mortality,and the question of their clinical treatment is still open.Previous studies have indicated that ZiyuglycosideⅡ(ZYGⅡ),the major bioactive ingredient extract from Sanguisorba officinalis L.,significantly inhibits the growth of various cancer cells.However,the selective anti-tumor effects of ZYGⅡagainst digestive system cancers are not systemically investigated.In this study,we reported the anti-cancer effect of ZYGⅡon esophageal cancer cells(OE21),cholangiocarcinoma cells(Hu CCT1),gastric cancer cells(BGC-823),liver cancer cells(Hep G2),human colonic cancer cells(HCT116),and pancreatic cancer cells(PANC-1).We also found that ZYGⅡinduced cell cycle arrest,oxidative stress and mitochondrial apoptosis.Network pharmacology analysis suggested that UBC,EGFR and IKBKG are predicted targets of ZYGⅡ.EGFR signaling was suggested as the critical pathway underlying the anti-cancer effects of ZYGⅡand both docking simulation and western blot analysis demonstrated that ZYGⅡwas a potential EGFR inhibitor.Furthermore,our results showed synergistic inhibitory effects of ZYGⅡand chemotherapy 5-FU on the growth of cancer cells.In summary,ZYGⅡare effective anti-tumor agents against digestive cancers.Further systemic evaluation of the anti-cancer activities in vitro and in vivo and characterization of underlying mechanism will promote the development of novel supplementary therapeutic strategies based on ZYGⅡfor the treatment of digestive system cancers.展开更多
The digestive tract of Takifugu rubripes during early life stages was studied with light microscopy. At the beginning of hatching, the digestive tract is represented by a simple and undifferentiated straight tube and ...The digestive tract of Takifugu rubripes during early life stages was studied with light microscopy. At the beginning of hatching, the digestive tract is represented by a simple and undifferentiated straight tube and does not communicate with the exterior, as the mouth and anus are not open yet. At 2 d after hatching, a constriction between intestine and rectum that will become the intestino-rectal valve is visible. During the endogenous feeding phase, the yolk sac is resorbed and the digestive tract becomes functional and differentiated. The liver and pancreas also become apparent at this time. At onset of exogenous feeding （3 d after hatching）, yolk sac resesves are not completely depleted, suggesting a period of mixed nutrition. The digestive tract differentiates fully into b.uccopharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestine and rectum. At 9 d after hatching, the yolk sac reserves are completely depleted. The most noticeable events occurring from 5 to 17 d after hatching are the transformation of the epithelia type, the differentiation of the pneumatic sac, the epithelial cell, gut convolution, mucosal fold increase, and the growth of liver and pancreas. From 18 to 27 d after hatching, the numbers of intestine folds and mucus cells increase progressively. From then on, morphological changes of digestive features are almost completed. At 27 d after hatching, the morphology and function of digestive system are similar to that of the adult.展开更多
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Packaging and storage of glutamate into glutamatergic neuronal vesicles require ATP-dependent vesicular glutamate uptak...Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Packaging and storage of glutamate into glutamatergic neuronal vesicles require ATP-dependent vesicular glutamate uptake systems, which utilize the electrochemical proton gradient as a driving force. Three vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUT1-3) have been recently identified from neuronal tissue where they play a key role to maintain the vesicular glutamate level. Recently, it has been demonstrated that glutamate signaling is also functional in peripheral neuronal and non-neuronal tissues, and occurs in sites of pituitary, adrenal, pineal glands, bone, GI tract, pancreas,skin, and testis. The glutamate receptors and VGLUTs in digestivesystem have been found in both neuronal and endocrinal cells. The glutamate signaling in the digestive system may have significant relevance to diabetes and GI tract motility disorders. This review will focus on the most recent update of molecular physiology of digestive VGLUTs.展开更多
The E2F proteins comprise a family of 8 members that function as transcription factors. They are key targets of the retinoblastoma protein (RB) and were initially divided into groups of activators and repressors. Accu...The E2F proteins comprise a family of 8 members that function as transcription factors. They are key targets of the retinoblastoma protein (RB) and were initially divided into groups of activators and repressors. Accumulating data suggest that there is no specific role for each individual E2F member. Instead, each E2F can exert a variety of cellular effects, some of which represent opposing ones. For instance, specific E2Fs can activate transcription and repression, promote or hamper cell proliferation, augment or inhibit apoptosis, all being dependent on the cellular context. This complexity reflects the importance that these transcription factors have on a cell’s fate. Thus, delineating the specific role for each E2F member in specific malignancies, although not easy, is a challenging and continuously pursued task, especially in view of potential E2F targeted therapies. Therefore, several reviews are continuously trying to evaluate available data on E2F status in various malignancies. Such reviews have attempted to reach a consensus, often in the simplistic form of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes for the E2Fs. However they frequently miss spatial and temporal alterations of these factors during tumor development, which should also be considered in conjunction with the status of the regulatory networks that these factors participate in. In the current ‘‘Letter to the Editor’’, we comment on the flaws, misinterpretations and omissions in one such review article published recently in the World Journal of Gastroenterology regarding the role of E2Fs in digestive system malignancies.展开更多
Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is caused by infection of the coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)with typical respiratory symptoms.SARS-CoV-2 invades not only the respiratory syst...Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is caused by infection of the coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)with typical respiratory symptoms.SARS-CoV-2 invades not only the respiratory system,but also other organs expressing the cell surface receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2.In particular,the digestive system is a susceptible target of SARS-CoV-2.Gastrointestinal symptoms of COVID-19 include anorexia,nausea,vomiting,diarrhea,abdominal pain,and liver damage.Patients with digestive damage have a greater chance of progressing to severe or critical illness,a poorer prognosis,and a higher risk of death.This paper aims to summarize the digestive system symptoms of COVID-19 and discuss fecal-oral contagion of SARS-CoV-2.It also describes the characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease patients with SARSCoV-2 infection and discusses precautions for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection during gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures.Improved attention to digestive system abnormalities and gastrointestinal symptoms of COVID-19 patients may aid health care providers in the process of clinical diagnosis,treatment,and epidemic prevention and control.展开更多
Cancers of the digestive system(DS),including esophageal,gastric,colorectal,liver,and pancreatic can-cers,have a high incidence and mortality worldwide.Current cancer models cannot faithfully recapitu-late the critica...Cancers of the digestive system(DS),including esophageal,gastric,colorectal,liver,and pancreatic can-cers,have a high incidence and mortality worldwide.Current cancer models cannot faithfully recapitu-late the critical features of the original tumor,resulting in the failure of translation from basic research into clinical practice.More advanced cancer models are in urgent need of pathogenesis exploration and anticancer medicine development.Organoids are in vitro cultured three dimensional(3D)self-organizing organotypic structures derived from tissues and pluripotent stem cells,which faithfully mimic the histological features and preserve the genetic heterogeneity of the original tissues.Both normal and malignant organoids can now be efficiently established from the DS tissues of patients.In this review,we summarize the general methods to generate human DS organoids and their applications as a novel model in basic cancer research,preclinical medical practice,and precision medicine.展开更多
Background:There is scant evidence regarding the effects of exercise type and duration on quality of life(QoL)in digestive system cancer(DSC)survivors.We aim to investigate the optimal type and duration of exercise to...Background:There is scant evidence regarding the effects of exercise type and duration on quality of life(QoL)in digestive system cancer(DSC)survivors.We aim to investigate the optimal type and duration of exercise to improve QoL for DSC survivors through a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Methods:A systematic literature search of PubMed,Embase,and Web of Science was performed.Eligibility for study inclusion was limited to studies that were randomized controlled trials involving all kinds of exercise in adult patients with DSCs,and the comparator was in standard care or other types of exercise.The primary outcome was QoL,including general health,physical health,mental health,and role function.Secondary outcomes included cancer-related symptoms such as fatigue,insomnia,depression,anxiety,and duration of hospital stay.The network meta-analyses were performed using a random-effect model.Results:The analysis included 32 eligible articles and a total of 2558 participants.Our primary outcome indicated that short-term aerobic exercise significantly enhanced general health(standardized mean difference(SMD)=0.66,95%credible intervals(Crls):0.05 to 1.30),and also contributed to a better mental health(SMD=0.38,95%CrI:-0.05 to 0.81)and role function(SMD=0.48,95%CrI:-0.27 to 1.20).Although without significant changes,short-term resistance exercise tended to increase the physical health of patients with DSCs(SM=0.69,95%CrI:-0.07 to 1.50)and effective in alleviating fatigue(SMD=-0.77,95%CrI:-1.50 to 0.01).Short-term aerobic exercise was related to a lower score of insomnia(SMD=-1.20,95%CrI:-2.40 to 0.06),depression(SMD=-0.51,95%CrI:-1.50 to 0.45),and anxiety(SMD=-0.45,95%CrI:-1.30 to 0.34).All types of exercise related to a trend of declined hospital stays(-0.87 to-5.00 day).Long-term resistance exercise,however,was negatively associated with general health(SMD=-0.33,95%CrI:-1.70 to 1.00),physical health(SMD=-0.18,95%CrI:-1.30to 0.90),and role function(SMD=-1.20,95%CrI:-2.50 to 0.11).Conclusion:This study suggests that short-term aerobic exercise,with or without resistance exercise programs,enhances QoL(especially for general health)as well as relieves cancer-related symptoms for DSC survivors,while long-term resistance exercise may have negative effects,and thus should be adopted cautiously.These results provide important evidence for the management of DSCs.展开更多
Many digestive system malignant tumors are characterized by high incidence and mortality rate.Increasing evidence has revealed that the tumor microenvironment(TME)is involved in cancer initiation and tumor progression...Many digestive system malignant tumors are characterized by high incidence and mortality rate.Increasing evidence has revealed that the tumor microenvironment(TME)is involved in cancer initiation and tumor progression.Tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)are a predominant constituent of the TME,and participate in the regulation of various biological behaviors and influence the prognosis of digestive system cancer.TAMs can be mainly classified into the antitumor M1 phenotype and protumor M2 phenotype.The latter especially are crucial drivers of tumor invasion,growth,angiogenesis,metastasis,immunosuppression,and resistance to therapy.TAMs are of importance in the occurrence,development,diagnosis,prognosis,and treatment of common digestive system malignant tumors.In this review,we summarize the role of TAMs in common digestive system malignant tumors,including esophageal,gastric,colorectal,pancreatic and liver cancers.How TAMs promote the development of tumors,and how they act as potential therapeutic targets and their clinical applications are also described.展开更多
Objective The leptin receptor,encoded by the LEPR gene,is involved in tumorigenesis.A potential functional variant of LEPR,rs1137101(Gln223Arg),has been extensively investigated for its contribution to the risk of dig...Objective The leptin receptor,encoded by the LEPR gene,is involved in tumorigenesis.A potential functional variant of LEPR,rs1137101(Gln223Arg),has been extensively investigated for its contribution to the risk of digestive system(DS)cancers,but results remain conflicting rather than conclusive.Here,we performed a case–control study and subsequent meta-analysis to examine the association between rs1137101 and DS cancer risk.Methods A total of 1,727 patients with cancer(gastric/liver/colorectal:460/480/787)and 800 healthy controls were recruited.Genotyping of rs1137101 was conducted using a polymerase chain reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP)assay and confirmed using Sanger sequencing.Twenty-four eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis.Results After Bonferroni correction,the case–control study revealed that rs1137101 was significantly associated with the risk of liver cancer in the Hubei Chinese population.The meta-analysis suggested that rs1137101 is significantly associated with the risk of overall DS,gastric,and liver cancer in the Chinese population.Conclusion The LEPR rs1137101 variant may be a genetic biomarker for susceptibility to DS cancers(especially liver and gastric cancer)in the Chinese population.展开更多
Objective： Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C （XPC） participates in the initial recognition of DNA damage during nucleotide excision repair process in global genomic repair. Our meta-analysis was perform...Objective： Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C （XPC） participates in the initial recognition of DNA damage during nucleotide excision repair process in global genomic repair. Our meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the association between three polymorphisms （Lys939Gln, PAT＋/- and Ala499Val） of XPC gene and risk of digestive system cancers. Methods： All the relevant case-control studies published to April 2011 were identified through searching PubMed. Digestive system cancer risk with the three polymorphisms was estimated for each study by odds ratio （OR） with its 95% confidence interval （95% CI）. Results： We found an increased overall risk for digestive system cancers in all three models of Lys939Gln AC （AC/CC vs. AA： OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.11-1.30; CC vs. AC/AA： OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.11-1.39; CC vs. AA： OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.21-1.53）. When strati？ed by ethnicity, results remained significant in Asian population （AC/CC vs. AA： OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.02-1.37; CC vs. AC/AA： OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.1-1.51; CC vs. AA： OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.08-1.70）, but not for Caucasians. However for Ala499Val CT, a significant protective effect of T allele was only observed in the dominant model. Otherwise, no significant results were observed for PAT＋/-. Conclusion： XPC Lys939Gln AC polymorphism may play an important role in digestive system cancer susceptibility.展开更多
Cancer stem cells(CSCs) constitute a small proportion of the cancer cells that have self-renewal capacity and tumor-initiating ability.They have been identified in a variety of tumors,including tumors of the digestive...Cancer stem cells(CSCs) constitute a small proportion of the cancer cells that have self-renewal capacity and tumor-initiating ability.They have been identified in a variety of tumors,including tumors of the digestive system.CSCs exhibit some unique characteristics,which are responsible for cancer metastasis and recurrence.Consequently,the development of effective therapeutic strategies against CSCs plays a key role in increasing the efficacy of cancer therapy.Several potential approaches to target CSCs of the digestive system have been explored,including targeting CSC surface markers and signaling pathways,inducing the differentiation of CSCs,altering the tumor microenvironment or niche,and inhibiting ATP-driven efflux transporters.However,conventional therapies may not successfully eradicate CSCs owing to various problems,including poor solubility,stability,rapid clearance,poor cellular uptake,and unacceptable cytotoxicity.Nanomedicine strategies,which include drug,gene,targeted,and combinational delivery,could solve these problems and significantly improve the therapeutic index.This review briefly summarizes the ongoing development of strategies and nanomedicine-based therapies against CSCs of the digestive system.展开更多
Inositol polyphosphate-4-phosphatase type II(INPP4B)is a newly discovered PI(3,4,5)P3 phosphatase.Many studies have revealed that INPP4B is upregulated or downregulated in tumors of the digestive system,and the abnorm...Inositol polyphosphate-4-phosphatase type II(INPP4B)is a newly discovered PI(3,4,5)P3 phosphatase.Many studies have revealed that INPP4B is upregulated or downregulated in tumors of the digestive system,and the abnormal expression of INPP4B may be attributed to the occurrence,development,and prognosis of tumors of the digestive system.This paper reviews studies on the correlations between INPP4B and digestive system tumors and the roles of INPP4B in the development of different tumors to provide a theoretical basis for further research on its molecular mechanism and clinical application."INPP4B"and"tumor"were searched as key words in PubMed and in the CNKI series full text database retrieval system from January 2000 to August 2023.A total of 153 Englishlanguage studies and 30 Chinese-language studies were retrieved.The following enrollment criteria were applied:(1)Studies contained information on the biological structure and functions of INPP4B;(2)studies covered the influence of abnormal expression of INPP4B in digestive system tumors;and(3)studies covered the role of INPP4B in the diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of digestive system tumors.After excluding the literature irrelevant to this study,61 papers were finally included in the analysis.INPP4B expression is low in gastric cancer,colon cancer,pancreatic cancer,and liver cancer but it has high expression in esophageal cancer,colon cancer,pancreatic cancer,and gallbladder cancer.INPP4B is involved in the occurrence and development of digestive system tumors through the regulation of gene expression and signal transduction.The abnormal expression of INPP4B plays an important role in the development of digestive system tumors.Studies on INPP4B provide new molecular insights for the diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis evaluation of digestive system tumors.展开更多
Blastomas,characterized by a mixture of mesenchymal,epithelial,and undifferentiated blastematous components,are rare malignant neoplasms originating from precursor blast cells.This review focuses on digestive system b...Blastomas,characterized by a mixture of mesenchymal,epithelial,and undifferentiated blastematous components,are rare malignant neoplasms originating from precursor blast cells.This review focuses on digestive system blastomas in adult patients,including gastroblastoma,hepatoblastoma,and pancreatoblastoma.Gastroblastoma is a biphasic,epitheliomesenchymal tumor,with only sixteen cases reported to date.In addition to the characteristic histology,metastasisassociated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1-glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 gene fusion is typical,although recently novel ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1-c-terminal binding protein 1 and patched 1-glioma-associated oncogene homolog 2 fusions have been described.Hepatoblastoma is exceptionally rare in adults and can show a variety of histologic patterns which may cause diagnostic difficulty.Pancreatoblastoma,primarily a pediatric tumor,displays acinar differentiation and squamoid nests with other lines of differentiation also present,especially neuroendocrine.Diagnostic approaches for these blastomas include a combination of imaging modalities,histopathological examination,and molecular profiling.The treatment generally involves surgical resection,which may be supplemented by chemotherapy or radiotherapy in some cases.Prognoses vary with gastroblastoma generally showing favorable outcomes post-surgery whereas hepatoblastoma and pancreatoblastoma often have poorer outcomes,particularly in the setting of metastases.This review highlights the complexity of diagnosing and managing these rare adult blastomas as well as the need for ongoing research to better understand their pathogenesis and improve treatment strategies.展开更多
文摘As a new type of pollutant,the harm caused by microplastics(MPs)to organisms has been the research focus.Recently,the proportion of MPs ingested through the digestive tract has gradually increased with the popularity of fast-food products,such as takeout.The damage to the digestive system has attracted increasing attention.We reviewed the literature regarding toxicity of MPs and observed that they have different effects on multiple organs of the digestive system.The mechanism may be related to the toxic effects of MPs themselves,interactions with various substances in the biological body,and participation in various signaling pathways to induce adverse reactions as a carrier of toxins to increase the time and amount of body absorption.Based on the toxicity mechanism of MPs,we propose specific suggestions to provide a theoretical reference for the government and relevant departments.
基金Supported by Guangxi Science and Technology Program(AD22035130)Project for Enhancing Young and Middle-aged Teacher s Research Basis Ability in Colleges of Guangxi(2021KY0497).
文摘Digestive system diseases seriously threaten human physical and mental health,with their incidence remaining persistently high.The NLRP3 inflammasome is a core multiprotein complex of the innate immune system,regulating the maturation and release of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-1βand IL-18.The NLRP3 inflammasome,as a key innate immune sensor,plays a significant role in the occurrence and development of various digestive system diseases.This paper reviewed the research progress on the NLRP3 inflammasome in digestive system diseases,and explored the relationship between the NLRP3 inflammasome and these diseases,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of digestive system diseases.
文摘AIM To investigate the prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with chronic digestive system diseases.METHODS A total of 1736 patients with chronic digestive systemdiseases were included in this cross-sectional study, including 871 outpatients and 865 in-patients. A selfdesigned General Information for Patients of the Department of Gastroenterology of General Hospitals questionnaire was used to collect each patient's general information, which included demographic data(including age, sex, marital status, and education) and disease characteristics(including major diseases, disease duration, principal symptoms, chronic pain, sleep disorder, and limited daily activities).RESULTS The overall detection rate was 31.11%(540/1736) for depression symptoms alone, 27.02%(469/1736) for anxiety symptoms alone, 20.68%(359/1736) for both depression and anxiety symptoms, and 37.44%(650/1736) for either depression or anxiety symptoms. Subjects aged 70 years or above had the highest detection rate of depression(44.06%) and anxiety symptoms(33.33%). χ2 trend test showed: the higher the body mass index(BMI), the lower the detection rate of depression and anxiety symptoms(χ2trend = 13.697, P < 0.001; χ2trend = 9.082, P = 0.003); the more severe the limited daily activities, the higher the detection rate of depression and anxiety symptoms(χ2trend = 130.455, P < 0.001, χ2trend = 108.528, P < 0.001); and the poorer the sleep quality, the higher the detection rate of depression and anxiety symptoms(χ2trend = 85.759, P < 0.001; χ2trend = 51.969, P < 0.001). Patients with digestive system tumors had the highest detection rate of depression(57.55%) and anxiety(55.19%), followed by patients with liver cirrhosis(41.35% and 48.08%). Depression and anxiety symptoms were also high in subjects with comorbid hypertension and coronary heart disease. CONCLUSION Depression and anxiety occur in patients with tumors, liver cirrhosis, functional dyspepsia, and chronic viral hepatitis. Elderly, divorced/widowed, poor sleep quality, and lower BMI are associated with higher risk of depression and anxiety.
基金sponsored by National Key Research and Development Plan(No.2017YFC0107300 and No.2017YFC0107303)
文摘Objective： To explore the safety of ultrasound and microbubbles for enhancing the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of malignant tumors in the digestive system in a clinical trial, as well as its efficacy.Methods： From October 2014 to June 2016, twelve patients volunteered to participate in this study. Eleven patients had hepatic metastases from tumors of the digestive system, and one patient had pancreatic carcinoma. According to the mechanical index （MI） in the ultrasound field, patients were classified into four groups with MIs of 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0. Within half an hour after chemotherapy, patients underwent ultrasound scanning with ultrasound microbubbles （SonoVue） to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy. All adverse reactions were recorded and were classified in 4 grades according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.03 （CTCAE V4.03）. Tumor responses were evaluated by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 criteria. All the patients were followed up until progression.Results： All the adverse reactions recorded were level 1 or level 2. No local pain occurred in any of the patients. Among all the adverse reactions, fever might be related to the treatment with ultrasound combined with microbubbles. Six patients had stable disease （SD）, and one patient had a partial response （PR） after the first cycle of treatment. At the end of follow-up, tumor progression was restricted to the original sites, and no new lesions had appeared.Conclusions： Our preliminary data showed the potential role of a combined treatment with ultrasound and microbubbles in enhancing the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of malignant tumors of the digestive system. This technique is safe when the MI is no greater than 1.0.
文摘AIM： To analyze the characteristics of multiple primary malignancies （MPMs） of digestive system; including incidence, types of tumor combinations, time intervals between development of multiple tumors, clinical course,and prognostic factors affecting survival and mortality.METHODS： Data from a total of 129 patients treated from January 1991 to December 2000 for pathologically proved MPMs, including at least one originating from the digestive system, were reviewed retrospectively.RESULTS： Among 129 patients, 120 （93.02%） had two primary cancers and 9 （6.98%） had three primary cancers. The major sites of MPMs of the digestive system were large intestine, stomach, and liver. Associated nondigestive cancers included 40 cases of gynecological cancers, of which 31 were carcinoma of cervix and 10 cases of genitourinary cancers, of which 5 were bladder cancers. Other cancers originated from the lung, breast,nasopharynx, larynx, thyroid, brain, muscle, and skin.Reproductive tract cancers, especially cervical, ovarian,bladder, and prostate cancers were the most commonlyassociated non-G! cancers, followed by cancer of the lung and breasts. Forty-three cases were synchronous, while the rest （86 cases） were metachronous cancers. Staging of MPMs and treatment regimes correlated with the prognosis between survival and non-survival groups.CONCLUSION： As advances in cancer therapy bring about a progressively larger percentage of long-term survivors, the proportion of patients with subsequent primary lesions will increase. Early diagnosis of these lesions, based on an awareness of the possibility of second and third cancers, and multidiscipiinary treatment strategies will substantially increase the survival of these patients.
文摘Management of cancers of the digestive system has progressed rapidly into the molecular era. Despite the significant recent achievements in the diagnosis and treatment of these patients, the number of deaths for these tumors has currently plateaued. Many investigations have assessed the role of HER2 in tumors of the digestive system in both prognostic and therapeutic settings, with heterogeneous results. Novel testing and treatment guidelines are emerging, in particular in gastric and colorectal cancers. However, further advances are needed. In this review we provide a comprehensive overview of the current state-ofknowledge of HER2 alterations in the most common tumors of the digestive system and discuss the operational implications of HER2 testing.
基金supported by grants from the Project of Scientific and Technologic Bureau of Guangzhou City(Grant No.202201010165)the Key Project of Scientific and Technologic Bureau of Guangzhou City(Grant No.202201020335).
文摘Gender disparities are evident across different types of digestive system cancers,which are typically characterized by a lower incidence and mortality rate in females compared to males.This finding suggests a potential protective role of female steroid hormones,particularly estrogen,in the development of these cancers.Estrogen is a well-known sex hormone that not only regulates the reproductive system but also exerts diverse effects on non-reproductive organs mediated through interactions with estrogen receptors(ERs),including the classic(ERαand ERβ)and non-traditional ERs[G protein-coupled estrogen receptor(GPER)].Recent advances have contributed to our comprehension of the mechanisms underlying ERs in digestive system cancers.In this comprehensive review we summarize the current understanding of the intricate roles played by estrogen and ERs in the major types of digestive system cancers,including hepatocellular,pancreatic,esophageal,gastric,and colorectal carcinoma.Furthermore,we discuss the potential molecular mechanisms underlying ERα,ERβ,and GPER effects,and propose perspectives on innovative therapies and preventive measures targeting the pathways regulated by estrogen and ERs.The roles of estrogen and ERs in digestive system cancers are complicated and depend on the cell type and tissue involved.Additionally,deciphering the intricate roles of estrogen,ERs,and the associated signaling pathways may guide the discovery of novel and tailored therapeutic and preventive strategies for digestive system cancers,eventually improving the care and clinical outcomes for the substantial number of individuals worldwide affected by these malignancies.
基金the grants from Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(Nos.1000041510166 and2020-JYB-ZDGG-038)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81773997)+1 种基金the Shandong Province Key Research Program(2016ZDJS07A21 and 2017CXGC1301)supported by research fund"Traditional Chinese medicine pharmacology and toxicology expert(No.ts201511107)"from Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Provinceince。
文摘Digestive system cancers,including liver,gastric,colon,esophageal and pancreatic cancers,are the leading cause of cancers with high morbidity and mortality,and the question of their clinical treatment is still open.Previous studies have indicated that ZiyuglycosideⅡ(ZYGⅡ),the major bioactive ingredient extract from Sanguisorba officinalis L.,significantly inhibits the growth of various cancer cells.However,the selective anti-tumor effects of ZYGⅡagainst digestive system cancers are not systemically investigated.In this study,we reported the anti-cancer effect of ZYGⅡon esophageal cancer cells(OE21),cholangiocarcinoma cells(Hu CCT1),gastric cancer cells(BGC-823),liver cancer cells(Hep G2),human colonic cancer cells(HCT116),and pancreatic cancer cells(PANC-1).We also found that ZYGⅡinduced cell cycle arrest,oxidative stress and mitochondrial apoptosis.Network pharmacology analysis suggested that UBC,EGFR and IKBKG are predicted targets of ZYGⅡ.EGFR signaling was suggested as the critical pathway underlying the anti-cancer effects of ZYGⅡand both docking simulation and western blot analysis demonstrated that ZYGⅡwas a potential EGFR inhibitor.Furthermore,our results showed synergistic inhibitory effects of ZYGⅡand chemotherapy 5-FU on the growth of cancer cells.In summary,ZYGⅡare effective anti-tumor agents against digestive cancers.Further systemic evaluation of the anti-cancer activities in vitro and in vivo and characterization of underlying mechanism will promote the development of novel supplementary therapeutic strategies based on ZYGⅡfor the treatment of digestive system cancers.
文摘The digestive tract of Takifugu rubripes during early life stages was studied with light microscopy. At the beginning of hatching, the digestive tract is represented by a simple and undifferentiated straight tube and does not communicate with the exterior, as the mouth and anus are not open yet. At 2 d after hatching, a constriction between intestine and rectum that will become the intestino-rectal valve is visible. During the endogenous feeding phase, the yolk sac is resorbed and the digestive tract becomes functional and differentiated. The liver and pancreas also become apparent at this time. At onset of exogenous feeding （3 d after hatching）, yolk sac resesves are not completely depleted, suggesting a period of mixed nutrition. The digestive tract differentiates fully into b.uccopharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestine and rectum. At 9 d after hatching, the yolk sac reserves are completely depleted. The most noticeable events occurring from 5 to 17 d after hatching are the transformation of the epithelia type, the differentiation of the pneumatic sac, the epithelial cell, gut convolution, mucosal fold increase, and the growth of liver and pancreas. From 18 to 27 d after hatching, the numbers of intestine folds and mucus cells increase progressively. From then on, morphological changes of digestive features are almost completed. At 27 d after hatching, the morphology and function of digestive system are similar to that of the adult.
基金Supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases Grant R01-DK063142 and R01-DK33209
文摘Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Packaging and storage of glutamate into glutamatergic neuronal vesicles require ATP-dependent vesicular glutamate uptake systems, which utilize the electrochemical proton gradient as a driving force. Three vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUT1-3) have been recently identified from neuronal tissue where they play a key role to maintain the vesicular glutamate level. Recently, it has been demonstrated that glutamate signaling is also functional in peripheral neuronal and non-neuronal tissues, and occurs in sites of pituitary, adrenal, pineal glands, bone, GI tract, pancreas,skin, and testis. The glutamate receptors and VGLUTs in digestivesystem have been found in both neuronal and endocrinal cells. The glutamate signaling in the digestive system may have significant relevance to diabetes and GI tract motility disorders. This review will focus on the most recent update of molecular physiology of digestive VGLUTs.
文摘The E2F proteins comprise a family of 8 members that function as transcription factors. They are key targets of the retinoblastoma protein (RB) and were initially divided into groups of activators and repressors. Accumulating data suggest that there is no specific role for each individual E2F member. Instead, each E2F can exert a variety of cellular effects, some of which represent opposing ones. For instance, specific E2Fs can activate transcription and repression, promote or hamper cell proliferation, augment or inhibit apoptosis, all being dependent on the cellular context. This complexity reflects the importance that these transcription factors have on a cell’s fate. Thus, delineating the specific role for each E2F member in specific malignancies, although not easy, is a challenging and continuously pursued task, especially in view of potential E2F targeted therapies. Therefore, several reviews are continuously trying to evaluate available data on E2F status in various malignancies. Such reviews have attempted to reach a consensus, often in the simplistic form of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes for the E2Fs. However they frequently miss spatial and temporal alterations of these factors during tumor development, which should also be considered in conjunction with the status of the regulatory networks that these factors participate in. In the current ‘‘Letter to the Editor’’, we comment on the flaws, misinterpretations and omissions in one such review article published recently in the World Journal of Gastroenterology regarding the role of E2Fs in digestive system malignancies.
文摘Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is caused by infection of the coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)with typical respiratory symptoms.SARS-CoV-2 invades not only the respiratory system,but also other organs expressing the cell surface receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2.In particular,the digestive system is a susceptible target of SARS-CoV-2.Gastrointestinal symptoms of COVID-19 include anorexia,nausea,vomiting,diarrhea,abdominal pain,and liver damage.Patients with digestive damage have a greater chance of progressing to severe or critical illness,a poorer prognosis,and a higher risk of death.This paper aims to summarize the digestive system symptoms of COVID-19 and discuss fecal-oral contagion of SARS-CoV-2.It also describes the characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease patients with SARSCoV-2 infection and discusses precautions for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection during gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures.Improved attention to digestive system abnormalities and gastrointestinal symptoms of COVID-19 patients may aid health care providers in the process of clinical diagnosis,treatment,and epidemic prevention and control.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81902904, 82073411, 81830054, and 81988101)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2019M661373)
文摘Cancers of the digestive system(DS),including esophageal,gastric,colorectal,liver,and pancreatic can-cers,have a high incidence and mortality worldwide.Current cancer models cannot faithfully recapitu-late the critical features of the original tumor,resulting in the failure of translation from basic research into clinical practice.More advanced cancer models are in urgent need of pathogenesis exploration and anticancer medicine development.Organoids are in vitro cultured three dimensional(3D)self-organizing organotypic structures derived from tissues and pluripotent stem cells,which faithfully mimic the histological features and preserve the genetic heterogeneity of the original tissues.Both normal and malignant organoids can now be efficiently established from the DS tissues of patients.In this review,we summarize the general methods to generate human DS organoids and their applications as a novel model in basic cancer research,preclinical medical practice,and precision medicine.
基金supported by the Medical-Engineering Cross Project between University of Shanghai for Science&Technology and Naval Medical University(No.2020-RZ05)Wu Mengchao talent plan fund(to RLG)。
文摘Background:There is scant evidence regarding the effects of exercise type and duration on quality of life(QoL)in digestive system cancer(DSC)survivors.We aim to investigate the optimal type and duration of exercise to improve QoL for DSC survivors through a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Methods:A systematic literature search of PubMed,Embase,and Web of Science was performed.Eligibility for study inclusion was limited to studies that were randomized controlled trials involving all kinds of exercise in adult patients with DSCs,and the comparator was in standard care or other types of exercise.The primary outcome was QoL,including general health,physical health,mental health,and role function.Secondary outcomes included cancer-related symptoms such as fatigue,insomnia,depression,anxiety,and duration of hospital stay.The network meta-analyses were performed using a random-effect model.Results:The analysis included 32 eligible articles and a total of 2558 participants.Our primary outcome indicated that short-term aerobic exercise significantly enhanced general health(standardized mean difference(SMD)=0.66,95%credible intervals(Crls):0.05 to 1.30),and also contributed to a better mental health(SMD=0.38,95%CrI:-0.05 to 0.81)and role function(SMD=0.48,95%CrI:-0.27 to 1.20).Although without significant changes,short-term resistance exercise tended to increase the physical health of patients with DSCs(SM=0.69,95%CrI:-0.07 to 1.50)and effective in alleviating fatigue(SMD=-0.77,95%CrI:-1.50 to 0.01).Short-term aerobic exercise was related to a lower score of insomnia(SMD=-1.20,95%CrI:-2.40 to 0.06),depression(SMD=-0.51,95%CrI:-1.50 to 0.45),and anxiety(SMD=-0.45,95%CrI:-1.30 to 0.34).All types of exercise related to a trend of declined hospital stays(-0.87 to-5.00 day).Long-term resistance exercise,however,was negatively associated with general health(SMD=-0.33,95%CrI:-1.70 to 1.00),physical health(SMD=-0.18,95%CrI:-1.30to 0.90),and role function(SMD=-1.20,95%CrI:-2.50 to 0.11).Conclusion:This study suggests that short-term aerobic exercise,with or without resistance exercise programs,enhances QoL(especially for general health)as well as relieves cancer-related symptoms for DSC survivors,while long-term resistance exercise may have negative effects,and thus should be adopted cautiously.These results provide important evidence for the management of DSCs.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82272396Suzhou Medical and Health Science and Technology Innovation Project,No.SKY2022057The Youth Medical Talent of Jiangsu Province,No.QNRC2016475.
文摘Many digestive system malignant tumors are characterized by high incidence and mortality rate.Increasing evidence has revealed that the tumor microenvironment(TME)is involved in cancer initiation and tumor progression.Tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)are a predominant constituent of the TME,and participate in the regulation of various biological behaviors and influence the prognosis of digestive system cancer.TAMs can be mainly classified into the antitumor M1 phenotype and protumor M2 phenotype.The latter especially are crucial drivers of tumor invasion,growth,angiogenesis,metastasis,immunosuppression,and resistance to therapy.TAMs are of importance in the occurrence,development,diagnosis,prognosis,and treatment of common digestive system malignant tumors.In this review,we summarize the role of TAMs in common digestive system malignant tumors,including esophageal,gastric,colorectal,pancreatic and liver cancers.How TAMs promote the development of tumors,and how they act as potential therapeutic targets and their clinical applications are also described.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WUT:2020IB029)。
文摘Objective The leptin receptor,encoded by the LEPR gene,is involved in tumorigenesis.A potential functional variant of LEPR,rs1137101(Gln223Arg),has been extensively investigated for its contribution to the risk of digestive system(DS)cancers,but results remain conflicting rather than conclusive.Here,we performed a case–control study and subsequent meta-analysis to examine the association between rs1137101 and DS cancer risk.Methods A total of 1,727 patients with cancer(gastric/liver/colorectal:460/480/787)and 800 healthy controls were recruited.Genotyping of rs1137101 was conducted using a polymerase chain reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP)assay and confirmed using Sanger sequencing.Twenty-four eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis.Results After Bonferroni correction,the case–control study revealed that rs1137101 was significantly associated with the risk of liver cancer in the Hubei Chinese population.The meta-analysis suggested that rs1137101 is significantly associated with the risk of overall DS,gastric,and liver cancer in the Chinese population.Conclusion The LEPR rs1137101 variant may be a genetic biomarker for susceptibility to DS cancers(especially liver and gastric cancer)in the Chinese population.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81072356)
文摘Objective： Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C （XPC） participates in the initial recognition of DNA damage during nucleotide excision repair process in global genomic repair. Our meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the association between three polymorphisms （Lys939Gln, PAT＋/- and Ala499Val） of XPC gene and risk of digestive system cancers. Methods： All the relevant case-control studies published to April 2011 were identified through searching PubMed. Digestive system cancer risk with the three polymorphisms was estimated for each study by odds ratio （OR） with its 95% confidence interval （95% CI）. Results： We found an increased overall risk for digestive system cancers in all three models of Lys939Gln AC （AC/CC vs. AA： OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.11-1.30; CC vs. AC/AA： OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.11-1.39; CC vs. AA： OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.21-1.53）. When strati？ed by ethnicity, results remained significant in Asian population （AC/CC vs. AA： OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.02-1.37; CC vs. AC/AA： OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.1-1.51; CC vs. AA： OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.08-1.70）, but not for Caucasians. However for Ala499Val CT, a significant protective effect of T allele was only observed in the dominant model. Otherwise, no significant results were observed for PAT＋/-. Conclusion： XPC Lys939Gln AC polymorphism may play an important role in digestive system cancer susceptibility.
文摘Cancer stem cells(CSCs) constitute a small proportion of the cancer cells that have self-renewal capacity and tumor-initiating ability.They have been identified in a variety of tumors,including tumors of the digestive system.CSCs exhibit some unique characteristics,which are responsible for cancer metastasis and recurrence.Consequently,the development of effective therapeutic strategies against CSCs plays a key role in increasing the efficacy of cancer therapy.Several potential approaches to target CSCs of the digestive system have been explored,including targeting CSC surface markers and signaling pathways,inducing the differentiation of CSCs,altering the tumor microenvironment or niche,and inhibiting ATP-driven efflux transporters.However,conventional therapies may not successfully eradicate CSCs owing to various problems,including poor solubility,stability,rapid clearance,poor cellular uptake,and unacceptable cytotoxicity.Nanomedicine strategies,which include drug,gene,targeted,and combinational delivery,could solve these problems and significantly improve the therapeutic index.This review briefly summarizes the ongoing development of strategies and nanomedicine-based therapies against CSCs of the digestive system.
文摘Inositol polyphosphate-4-phosphatase type II(INPP4B)is a newly discovered PI(3,4,5)P3 phosphatase.Many studies have revealed that INPP4B is upregulated or downregulated in tumors of the digestive system,and the abnormal expression of INPP4B may be attributed to the occurrence,development,and prognosis of tumors of the digestive system.This paper reviews studies on the correlations between INPP4B and digestive system tumors and the roles of INPP4B in the development of different tumors to provide a theoretical basis for further research on its molecular mechanism and clinical application."INPP4B"and"tumor"were searched as key words in PubMed and in the CNKI series full text database retrieval system from January 2000 to August 2023.A total of 153 Englishlanguage studies and 30 Chinese-language studies were retrieved.The following enrollment criteria were applied:(1)Studies contained information on the biological structure and functions of INPP4B;(2)studies covered the influence of abnormal expression of INPP4B in digestive system tumors;and(3)studies covered the role of INPP4B in the diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of digestive system tumors.After excluding the literature irrelevant to this study,61 papers were finally included in the analysis.INPP4B expression is low in gastric cancer,colon cancer,pancreatic cancer,and liver cancer but it has high expression in esophageal cancer,colon cancer,pancreatic cancer,and gallbladder cancer.INPP4B is involved in the occurrence and development of digestive system tumors through the regulation of gene expression and signal transduction.The abnormal expression of INPP4B plays an important role in the development of digestive system tumors.Studies on INPP4B provide new molecular insights for the diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis evaluation of digestive system tumors.
文摘Blastomas,characterized by a mixture of mesenchymal,epithelial,and undifferentiated blastematous components,are rare malignant neoplasms originating from precursor blast cells.This review focuses on digestive system blastomas in adult patients,including gastroblastoma,hepatoblastoma,and pancreatoblastoma.Gastroblastoma is a biphasic,epitheliomesenchymal tumor,with only sixteen cases reported to date.In addition to the characteristic histology,metastasisassociated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1-glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 gene fusion is typical,although recently novel ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1-c-terminal binding protein 1 and patched 1-glioma-associated oncogene homolog 2 fusions have been described.Hepatoblastoma is exceptionally rare in adults and can show a variety of histologic patterns which may cause diagnostic difficulty.Pancreatoblastoma,primarily a pediatric tumor,displays acinar differentiation and squamoid nests with other lines of differentiation also present,especially neuroendocrine.Diagnostic approaches for these blastomas include a combination of imaging modalities,histopathological examination,and molecular profiling.The treatment generally involves surgical resection,which may be supplemented by chemotherapy or radiotherapy in some cases.Prognoses vary with gastroblastoma generally showing favorable outcomes post-surgery whereas hepatoblastoma and pancreatoblastoma often have poorer outcomes,particularly in the setting of metastases.This review highlights the complexity of diagnosing and managing these rare adult blastomas as well as the need for ongoing research to better understand their pathogenesis and improve treatment strategies.
