AIMS To study the relationship between the modern clinical and pathohistological classification and TCM Syndrome-Typing of chronic ulcerative colitis (CUC). METHODS Totally 452 patients with CUC were clas- sified acco...AIMS To study the relationship between the modern clinical and pathohistological classification and TCM Syndrome-Typing of chronic ulcerative colitis (CUC). METHODS Totally 452 patients with CUC were clas- sified according to the standards of TCM Syndrome- Typing set up in the Conference of the Combination of the Chinese-Western Medicine on Digestive Diseases in Linfen. The relevant changes between both classifica- tions were analyzed and compared through the colonofiberscopic and pathohistological examination. RESULTS The type of retention of damp-heat in inte- rior is more commonly seen in the patients with initial onset of disease (P<0.01). There is no significant difference among other TCM Syndrome-Typing groups in patients with chronic persistent and recurrent disease (P>0.05). The congestion,edema,reduction of goblet cells and the infiltration of neutrophils are patho- logically common to all TCM Syndrome-Typing groups. Mucosal ulcer is dominant in damp-heat syndrome while crypt ulcer is dominant in the types of spleen-stomach asthenia and spleen-kidney Yang deficiency (P< 0.01). CONCLUSIONS There appears a certain relation- ship between the TCM syndrome typing and pathohis- tological changes of the colonal mucosa of CUC.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To study the features of the distribution and differentiation ofTraditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)syndromes in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN).METHODS:We collected clinical data on illness c...OBJECTIVE:To study the features of the distribution and differentiation ofTraditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)syndromes in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN).METHODS:We collected clinical data on illness course,age,fasting blood glucose,saccharogenic hemoglobin,TCM syndromes,tongue,and pulse of238 DPN patients.Differentiated main syndromes(Yin deficiency and exuberant heat,invasion of spleen by damp-heat,deficiency of both Qi and Yins,and deficiency of both Yin and Yang)and accompanying syndromes(blood stasis and phlegm-dampness)of diabetes were also recorded.The features of DPN syndromes were then analyzed.RESULTS:Among the four main syndromes of diabetes,deficiency of both Yin and Yang was the most common in the 238 DPN patients,of which89%-96%had blood stasis.CONCLUSION:The method of differentiating syndromes of diabetes can be applied to DPN patients.Deficiency of both Yin and Yang,often accompanied by blood stasis,is commonly seen.展开更多
Objective To realize the characteristics of "zheng" differentiation-treatment for hand, foot and mouth disease(HFMD), a new methodology of syndrome differentiation for different stages of HFMD has been explo...Objective To realize the characteristics of "zheng" differentiation-treatment for hand, foot and mouth disease(HFMD), a new methodology of syndrome differentiation for different stages of HFMD has been explored. Methods Total of 2 325 cases with HFMD were recorded by distributing them into exterior syndrome stage, interior syndrome stage, severe syndrome stage and recovered syndrome stage, respectively, and the main symptoms and subsidiary symptoms of different stages of HFMD have been observed. The major and minor pathogenesis of HFMD in different stages were obtained, and compared with the "2010 Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of HFMD". Results It was found that the major pathogenesis of exterior stage was defined as "the invation of the wenevil to the defender of the body with the collaterals got involved ", and the minor as "qi deficiency"; in interior stage, "the fury of Gan-Yang" was the main pathogenesis, and "qi in chaos and qi deficiency" was the minor; in severe syndrome stage, "the damage of heart, liver and lung" was the main pathogenesis, and "qi in chaos" was the minor; and the pathogenesis of recovered stage was "qi-yin deficiency". Compared with the "2010 Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of HFMD", it showed that "the obstruction of the fei-pi qi by the mixture of shi-re evil" and "the mixture of shi-re" in vivo was quite difficult to be explained in completely different context in the general situation; in the severe stage, the TCM clinical characteristics of syndrome differentiation might lose; in the early acute severe cases, the phenomenon that xin-yang and fei-qi almost ran out was difficult to be observed, then, the line between the severe and the acute severe became vague.Conclusions The theory of syndrome differentiation by stages of HFMD was reasonable in the actual situation of clinical description on HFMD which was expected to be further tested and widely applied in the "zheng" differentiation-treatment of HFMD in the future.展开更多
This paper presents derivation of a priori error estimates and convergence rates of finite element processes for boundary value problems (BVPs) described by self adjoint, non-self adjoint, and nonlinear differential o...This paper presents derivation of a priori error estimates and convergence rates of finite element processes for boundary value problems (BVPs) described by self adjoint, non-self adjoint, and nonlinear differential operators. A posteriori error estimates are discussed in context with local approximations in higher order scalar product spaces. A posteriori error computational framework (without the knowledge of theoretical solution) is presented for all BVPs regardless of the method of approximation employed in constructing the integral form. This enables computations of local errors as well as the global errors in the computed finite element solutions. The two most significant and essential aspects of the research presented in this paper that enable all of the features described above are: 1) ensuring variational consistency of the integral form(s) resulting from the methods of approximation for self adjoint, non-self adjoint, and nonlinear differential operators and 2) choosing local approximations for the elements of a discretization in a subspace of a higher order scalar product space that is minimally conforming, hence ensuring desired global differentiability of the approximations over the discretizations. It is shown that when the theoretical solution of a BVP is analytic, the a priori error estimate (in the asymptotic range, discussed in a later section of the paper) is independent of the method of approximation or the nature of the differential operator provided the resulting integral form is variationally consistent. Thus, the finite element processes utilizing integral forms based on different methods of approximation but resulting in VC integral forms result in the same a priori error estimate and convergence rate. It is shown that a variationally consistent (VC) integral form has best approximation property in some norm, conversely an integral form with best approximation property in some norm is variationally consistent. That is best approximation property of the integral form and the VC of the integral form is equivalent, one cannot exist without the other, hence can be used interchangeably. Dimensional model problems consisting of diffusion equation, convection-diffusion equation, and Burgers equation described by self adjoint, non-self adjoint, and nonlinear differential operators are considered to present extensive numerical studies using Galerkin method with weak form (GM/WF) and least squares process (LSP) to determine computed convergence rates of various error norms and present comparisons with the theoretical convergence rates.展开更多
By using the theory of exponential dichotomies and the method of Liapunov-Schmidt,in this paper we investigate the existence of homoclinic solutions for autonomous differential equations and obtain a Melnikov-type vec...By using the theory of exponential dichotomies and the method of Liapunov-Schmidt,in this paper we investigate the existence of homoclinic solutions for autonomous differential equations and obtain a Melnikov-type vector. We show that if the Melnikov-type vector satisfies some conditions then autonomous differential equations have homoclinic solutions. Moreover, our result holds only for autonomous differential equations.展开更多
文摘AIMS To study the relationship between the modern clinical and pathohistological classification and TCM Syndrome-Typing of chronic ulcerative colitis (CUC). METHODS Totally 452 patients with CUC were clas- sified according to the standards of TCM Syndrome- Typing set up in the Conference of the Combination of the Chinese-Western Medicine on Digestive Diseases in Linfen. The relevant changes between both classifica- tions were analyzed and compared through the colonofiberscopic and pathohistological examination. RESULTS The type of retention of damp-heat in inte- rior is more commonly seen in the patients with initial onset of disease (P<0.01). There is no significant difference among other TCM Syndrome-Typing groups in patients with chronic persistent and recurrent disease (P>0.05). The congestion,edema,reduction of goblet cells and the infiltration of neutrophils are patho- logically common to all TCM Syndrome-Typing groups. Mucosal ulcer is dominant in damp-heat syndrome while crypt ulcer is dominant in the types of spleen-stomach asthenia and spleen-kidney Yang deficiency (P< 0.01). CONCLUSIONS There appears a certain relation- ship between the TCM syndrome typing and pathohis- tological changes of the colonal mucosa of CUC.
基金Supported by the National Fund of Natural Sciences(No.81173445)
文摘OBJECTIVE:To study the features of the distribution and differentiation ofTraditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)syndromes in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN).METHODS:We collected clinical data on illness course,age,fasting blood glucose,saccharogenic hemoglobin,TCM syndromes,tongue,and pulse of238 DPN patients.Differentiated main syndromes(Yin deficiency and exuberant heat,invasion of spleen by damp-heat,deficiency of both Qi and Yins,and deficiency of both Yin and Yang)and accompanying syndromes(blood stasis and phlegm-dampness)of diabetes were also recorded.The features of DPN syndromes were then analyzed.RESULTS:Among the four main syndromes of diabetes,deficiency of both Yin and Yang was the most common in the 238 DPN patients,of which89%-96%had blood stasis.CONCLUSION:The method of differentiating syndromes of diabetes can be applied to DPN patients.Deficiency of both Yin and Yang,often accompanied by blood stasis,is commonly seen.
基金supported by the development and construction project of State Administration of l Traditional Chinese Medicine (200907001-3)the key science and technology project of Shenzhen (201003134, 201002110)
文摘Objective To realize the characteristics of "zheng" differentiation-treatment for hand, foot and mouth disease(HFMD), a new methodology of syndrome differentiation for different stages of HFMD has been explored. Methods Total of 2 325 cases with HFMD were recorded by distributing them into exterior syndrome stage, interior syndrome stage, severe syndrome stage and recovered syndrome stage, respectively, and the main symptoms and subsidiary symptoms of different stages of HFMD have been observed. The major and minor pathogenesis of HFMD in different stages were obtained, and compared with the "2010 Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of HFMD". Results It was found that the major pathogenesis of exterior stage was defined as "the invation of the wenevil to the defender of the body with the collaterals got involved ", and the minor as "qi deficiency"; in interior stage, "the fury of Gan-Yang" was the main pathogenesis, and "qi in chaos and qi deficiency" was the minor; in severe syndrome stage, "the damage of heart, liver and lung" was the main pathogenesis, and "qi in chaos" was the minor; and the pathogenesis of recovered stage was "qi-yin deficiency". Compared with the "2010 Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of HFMD", it showed that "the obstruction of the fei-pi qi by the mixture of shi-re evil" and "the mixture of shi-re" in vivo was quite difficult to be explained in completely different context in the general situation; in the severe stage, the TCM clinical characteristics of syndrome differentiation might lose; in the early acute severe cases, the phenomenon that xin-yang and fei-qi almost ran out was difficult to be observed, then, the line between the severe and the acute severe became vague.Conclusions The theory of syndrome differentiation by stages of HFMD was reasonable in the actual situation of clinical description on HFMD which was expected to be further tested and widely applied in the "zheng" differentiation-treatment of HFMD in the future.
文摘This paper presents derivation of a priori error estimates and convergence rates of finite element processes for boundary value problems (BVPs) described by self adjoint, non-self adjoint, and nonlinear differential operators. A posteriori error estimates are discussed in context with local approximations in higher order scalar product spaces. A posteriori error computational framework (without the knowledge of theoretical solution) is presented for all BVPs regardless of the method of approximation employed in constructing the integral form. This enables computations of local errors as well as the global errors in the computed finite element solutions. The two most significant and essential aspects of the research presented in this paper that enable all of the features described above are: 1) ensuring variational consistency of the integral form(s) resulting from the methods of approximation for self adjoint, non-self adjoint, and nonlinear differential operators and 2) choosing local approximations for the elements of a discretization in a subspace of a higher order scalar product space that is minimally conforming, hence ensuring desired global differentiability of the approximations over the discretizations. It is shown that when the theoretical solution of a BVP is analytic, the a priori error estimate (in the asymptotic range, discussed in a later section of the paper) is independent of the method of approximation or the nature of the differential operator provided the resulting integral form is variationally consistent. Thus, the finite element processes utilizing integral forms based on different methods of approximation but resulting in VC integral forms result in the same a priori error estimate and convergence rate. It is shown that a variationally consistent (VC) integral form has best approximation property in some norm, conversely an integral form with best approximation property in some norm is variationally consistent. That is best approximation property of the integral form and the VC of the integral form is equivalent, one cannot exist without the other, hence can be used interchangeably. Dimensional model problems consisting of diffusion equation, convection-diffusion equation, and Burgers equation described by self adjoint, non-self adjoint, and nonlinear differential operators are considered to present extensive numerical studies using Galerkin method with weak form (GM/WF) and least squares process (LSP) to determine computed convergence rates of various error norms and present comparisons with the theoretical convergence rates.
文摘By using the theory of exponential dichotomies and the method of Liapunov-Schmidt,in this paper we investigate the existence of homoclinic solutions for autonomous differential equations and obtain a Melnikov-type vector. We show that if the Melnikov-type vector satisfies some conditions then autonomous differential equations have homoclinic solutions. Moreover, our result holds only for autonomous differential equations.
