The principal stresses will increase or decrease during mining,leading to variations in surrounding rock strength and subsequently an influence on the risk of rockbursts.To address this issue,this study conducted theo...The principal stresses will increase or decrease during mining,leading to variations in surrounding rock strength and subsequently an influence on the risk of rockbursts.To address this issue,this study conducted theoretical analysis,numerical simulation,and field monitoring.A rockburst risk analysis method that integrates dynamic changes in the stress and strength of surrounding rock was proposed and verified in the field.The dynamic changes in maximum(σ_(1))and minimum(σ_(3))principal stresses are represented by the σ_(1) and σ_(3) differentials,respectively.The difference in principal stress differential(DPSD),defined as the difference between σ_(1) and σ_(3),was introduced as a novel indicator for rockburst risk analysis.The findings of this study demonstrate a positive correlation between increases in DPSD and heightened risks of rockbursts,as evidenced by an increase in both the frequency of rockbursts and the occurrence of large-energy microseismic events.Conversely,a decrease in DPSD is associated with a reduction in risk.Specifically,in the W1123 panel of a coal mine susceptible to rockbursts,areas exhibiting higher DPSD values experienced more frequent and severe rockbursts.The DPSD-based analysis aligned well with the observed rockburst occurrences.Subsequent optimization of rockburst prevention measures in areas with elevated DPSD led to a reduction in DPSD.Following these adjustments,the W1123 panel predominantly experienced low-energy microseismic events,with a significant decrease in large-energy microseismic events and no further rockbursts.The DPSD analysis is a valuable tool for evaluating rockburst risk and aiding in prevention,which is of great significance for disaster prevention.展开更多
Inter-industry wage differentials in China, measured in terms of average employment earnings by industry, are significant and have been increasing since 1988. The coefficient of variables measuring inter-industry aver...Inter-industry wage differentials in China, measured in terms of average employment earnings by industry, are significant and have been increasing since 1988. The coefficient of variables measuring inter-industry average earning differentials is apparently on the rise along with the subdivision of industry. A theoretical analysis of the labour market indicates that inter-industry wage differentials are mainly due to human capital variation among the employees of different industries and the likelihood of monopoly rent sharing. An empirical study finds that employee characteristics such as sex, age and education can only explain 60 percent of CVs in the period 2003 to 2005 and the rest may be due to the effect of monopoly rent sharing in certain industries. A residual analysis of wage equation proves that the monopoly industries of technology or knowledge share a small proportion of rents with employment, whereas non-competitive monopoly industries generally garner an abnormal share of rents, as much as half of their above-average earnings for their industries. Such abnormal rents and benefits are mainly the result of low cost natural resources, the use of state-owned assets, the misappropriation of consumer welfare and the seeking of fiscal or social subsidy for cost inflation. So, China should deal with the non-competitive monopoly industries by reforming their monopoly power and primary social distribution mechanism to structure a fair income distribution order.展开更多
Grain mold, associated with many fungi, is the most important disease of sorghum, causing both yield and quality losses. In this study, 23 sorghum differentials used in pathotype characterization of anthracnose and he...Grain mold, associated with many fungi, is the most important disease of sorghum, causing both yield and quality losses. In this study, 23 sorghum differentials used in pathotype characterization of anthracnose and head smut pathogens were evaluated for grain mold resistance under favorable conditions in Isabela, Puerto Rico. Lines BTx643 and IS18760 exhibited the lowest grain mold severity, indicating that these two may possess genes for grain mold resistance. These two lines also recorded the highest germination rates 94.7% and 97.6%, respectively, and their seed weight was among the heaviest. In conclusion, these two lines can be utilized in breeding programs to develop grain mold-resistant hybrid lines.展开更多
Analyzing the effects of heat rejection from condensers of split-type air-conditioning units at lower-floors of MLABs （multi-level apartment buildings）, using field measurements to monitor environmental conditions a...Analyzing the effects of heat rejection from condensers of split-type air-conditioning units at lower-floors of MLABs （multi-level apartment buildings）, using field measurements to monitor environmental conditions and condenser operation, revealed increases in the inlet air temperature at the condensers at the upper floors, which in turn increased the power and energy requirements for these units and decreased their cooling capacities. Results indicated that a decrease of up to 16,000 tons in cooling capacity and an increase of up to 67.2 MW in the national peak load demand might be reached for a 4 ℃ temperature differential for Kuwait conditions. It is recommended that the condensers be placed in the wind pathway to minimize the impact of heat rejection and stack effect and to optimize the operation of split-type air-conditioning units, and that other factors regarding installation setup and location are investigated.展开更多
Defects in kinematic joints can sometimes highly influence the simulation response of the whole multibody system within which these joints are included. For instance, the clearance, the friction, the lubrication and t...Defects in kinematic joints can sometimes highly influence the simulation response of the whole multibody system within which these joints are included. For instance, the clearance, the friction, the lubrication and the flexibility affect the transient behaviour, reduce the component life and produce noise and vibration for classical joints such as prismatics, cylindrics or universal joints.In this work, a new 3D cylindrical joint model which accounts for the clearance, the misalignment and the friction is presented. This formulation has been used to represent the link between the planet gears and the planet carrier in an automotive differential model. C 2013 The Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. [doi：10.1063/2.1301303]展开更多
Strong and weak limits as well as strong and weak differentials of multi-variable indeterminate forms are discussed based on the thorough exploration of differentiation to solve the strong and weak limits and differen...Strong and weak limits as well as strong and weak differentials of multi-variable indeterminate forms are discussed based on the thorough exploration of differentiation to solve the strong and weak limits and differentials of unitary indeterminate forms. The fruit of this work is going to be reported in three parts. The first part presents the standard analysis on this subject which supplements, systematizes and advances L. Hospital抯 principles on differential calculus by applying special ,general, and limit guaranteeing theories together with K(t) and XhK0 theories. The combination of theoretical analysis and geometric signification makes the derivation intuitional, visual and easy to perceive.展开更多
We prove that the following three properties cannot match each other on a lattice, that differentials of coordinate functions are algebraically dependent on their involutive conjugates, that the involution on a lattic...We prove that the following three properties cannot match each other on a lattice, that differentials of coordinate functions are algebraically dependent on their involutive conjugates, that the involution on a lattice is an antihomomorphism, and that differential calculus has a natural continuum limit.展开更多
Based on the isomorphism between the space of star-shaped sets and the space of continuous positively homogeneous real-valued functions, the star-shaped differential of a directionally differentiable function is defin...Based on the isomorphism between the space of star-shaped sets and the space of continuous positively homogeneous real-valued functions, the star-shaped differential of a directionally differentiable function is defined. Formulas for star-shaped differential of a pointwise maximum and a pointwise minimum of a finite number of directionally differentiable functions, and a composite of two directionaUy differentiable functions are derived. Furthermore, the mean-value theorem for a directionaUy differentiable function is demonstrated.展开更多
The principle of improving the torque amplification factor of E-TVDs with six elements is illustrated in this paper.A velocity diagram is used to study speed and torque relationships.The results reveal that the torque...The principle of improving the torque amplification factor of E-TVDs with six elements is illustrated in this paper.A velocity diagram is used to study speed and torque relationships.The results reveal that the torque amplification factor is the linear combination of the ratio of the differentials of the four elements and the ratio of planetary gear units,and its maximum value is easily more than 10.The E-TVDs with six elements are classified into three types,and there are six different configurations for each type.The torque amplification factor and the speed of interconnection between two planetary gear units are employed to evaluate the different characteristics of each E-TVD with six elements.The feasible configurations of a differential with four elements are also presented by the analysis of velocity level and planarity.This paper helps to further the understanding of the complex interconnection of the planetary gear units in E-TVDs with six elements and the differences of their characteristics.展开更多
By using the unsymmetrical scale instead of the symmetrical scale,the multiplicative intuitionistic fuzzy sets(MIFSs) reflect our intuition more objectively.Each element in a MIFS is expressed by an ordered pair which...By using the unsymmetrical scale instead of the symmetrical scale,the multiplicative intuitionistic fuzzy sets(MIFSs) reflect our intuition more objectively.Each element in a MIFS is expressed by an ordered pair which is called a multiplicative intuitionistic fuzzy number(MIFN)and is based on the unbalanced scale(i.e.,Saaty’s 1-9 scale).In order to describe the derivatives and differentials for multiplicative intuitionistic fuzzy information more comprehensively,in this paper,we firstly propose two new basic operational laws for MIFNs,which are the subtraction law and the division law.Secondly,we describe the change values of MIFNs when considering them as variables,classify these change values based on the basic operational laws for MIFNs,and depict the convergences of sequences of MIFNs by the subtraction and division laws.Finally,we focus on the multiplicative intuitionistic fuzzy functions and derive some basic results related to their continuities,derivatives and differentials,and also give their application in selecting the configuration of a computer.展开更多
Labor migration is institutionally restricted within China under the hukou system, China registration system. However, what is the pecuniary impact of labor immobility on interregional wage inequality？ To answer this...Labor migration is institutionally restricted within China under the hukou system, China registration system. However, what is the pecuniary impact of labor immobility on interregional wage inequality？ To answer this question, we derive a simple wage gap equation including educational attainment, market potential and provincial border indicators. The regressions based on city and sector-level data show that, other things being equal, the wage dispersions within Chinese provincial borders are significantly less pronounced than those among provinces. Such border effects on spatial wage differentials, which have been shown to pervasively exist in all sectors considered in the present paper, reflect the distortions generated by migration controls. Finally, we show that despite the recent hukou reforms aimed at relaxing the restrictions on population movement, border effects appear to persisted over the period 2003-2005.展开更多
This paper deals with Mckean-Vlasov backward stochastic differential equations with weak monotonicity coefficients.We first establish the existence and uniqueness of solutions to Mckean-Vlasov backward stochastic diff...This paper deals with Mckean-Vlasov backward stochastic differential equations with weak monotonicity coefficients.We first establish the existence and uniqueness of solutions to Mckean-Vlasov backward stochastic differential equations.Then we obtain a comparison theorem in one-dimensional situation.展开更多
Given a compact Riemann surface S with finitely many punctures, in this paper we obtain a new extremality property of a Jenkins-Strebel differentialψon S. As a consequence, we obtain the solutions of several kinds of...Given a compact Riemann surface S with finitely many punctures, in this paper we obtain a new extremality property of a Jenkins-Strebel differentialψon S. As a consequence, we obtain the solutions of several kinds of moduli problems on 5.展开更多
For the five-point discrete formulae of directional derivatives in the finite point method,overcoming the challenge resulted from scattered point sets and making full use of the explicit expressions and accuracy of th...For the five-point discrete formulae of directional derivatives in the finite point method,overcoming the challenge resulted from scattered point sets and making full use of the explicit expressions and accuracy of the formulae,this paper obtains a number of theoretical results:(1)a concise expression with definite meaning of the complicated directional difference coefficient matrix is presented,which characterizes the correlation between coefficients and the connection between coefficients and scattered geometric characteristics;(2)various expressions of the discriminant function for the solvability of numerical differentials along with the estimation of its lower bound are given,which are the bases for selecting neighboring points and making analysis;(3)the estimations of combinatorial elements and of each element in the directional difference coefficient matrix are put out,which exclude the existence of singularity.Finally,the theoretical analysis results are verified by numerical calculations.The results of this paper have strong regularity,which lay the foundation for further research on the finite point method for solving partial differential equations.展开更多
The capture zones of the continuous and pulsed guidance laws in the pursuit-evasion game are analytically discussed in this paper to provide deep insights into the capturability distinction between the continuous guid...The capture zones of the continuous and pulsed guidance laws in the pursuit-evasion game are analytically discussed in this paper to provide deep insights into the capturability distinction between the continuous guidance law and the pulsed guidance law.Specifically,first,in the pursuit-evasion game,various capture cases are defined regarding the Zero-Effort Miss distance(ZEM)to facilitate the capturability analysis.Then,for both the evader and the pursuer,the Linear-Quadratic Differential Game(LQDG)guidance laws concerning the continuous acceleration and the pulsed acceleration are converted into a unified form.In each capture case,the optimal solution existence conditions are derived,and the corresponding capture zones are formulated.The discussion on the capture zones shows that if the optimal solution exists,the distinction between the pulsed guidance law and the continuous guidance law can be neglected under small guidance effort weight.However,the capture zone of the continuous guidance law is larger than that of the pulsed guidance law with large pursuer guidance effort weight,but smaller with large evader guidance effort weight.Finally,various simulations are conducted to illustrate the distinction of the continuous and pulsed guidance laws,as well as the impact of the acceleration ratio and the time constant ratio on the capturability.展开更多
At the start of the new year,Cao Xiucheng,Chairman of Henan No.2 Textile Machinery Co.,Ltd.,was on his way to visit clients when he kept receiving urgent calls from the Xinyang production base regarding order scheduli...At the start of the new year,Cao Xiucheng,Chairman of Henan No.2 Textile Machinery Co.,Ltd.,was on his way to visit clients when he kept receiving urgent calls from the Xinyang production base regarding order scheduling.It turned out that since the end of 2025,the company had successively secured bulk spindle orders from overseas clients in Bangladesh and other countries,coupled with continuous urgent requests for orders from domestic manufacturers.Faced with such a production peak right at the beginning of the year,Mr.Cao Xiucheng admitted,“It was truly unexpected.”展开更多
This study addresses the risk of privacy leakage during the transmission and sharing of multimodal data in smart grid substations by proposing a three-tier privacy-preserving architecture based on asynchronous federat...This study addresses the risk of privacy leakage during the transmission and sharing of multimodal data in smart grid substations by proposing a three-tier privacy-preserving architecture based on asynchronous federated learning.The framework integrates blockchain technology,the InterPlanetary File System(IPFS)for distributed storage,and a dynamic differential privacy mechanism to achieve collaborative security across the storage,service,and federated coordination layers.It accommodates both multimodal data classification and object detection tasks,enabling the identification and localization of key targets and abnormal behaviors in substation scenarios while ensuring privacy protection.This effectively mitigates the single-point failures and model leakage issues inherent in centralized architectures.A dynamically adjustable differential privacy mechanism is introduced to allocate privacy budgets according to client contribution levels and upload frequencies,achieving a personalized balance between model performance and privacy protection.Multi-dimensional experimental evaluations,including classification accuracy,F1-score,encryption latency,and aggregation latency,verify the security and efficiency of the proposed architecture.The improved CNN model achieves 72.34%accuracy and an F1-score of 0.72 in object detection and classification tasks on infrared surveillance imagery,effectively identifying typical risk events such as not wearing safety helmets and unauthorized intrusion,while maintaining an aggregation latency of only 1.58 s and a query latency of 80.79 ms.Compared with traditional static differential privacy and centralized approaches,the proposed method demonstrates significant advantages in accuracy,latency,and security,providing a new technical paradigm for efficient,secure data sharing,object detection,and privacy preservation in smart grid substations.展开更多
The generation of synthetic trajectories has become essential in various fields for analyzing complex movement patterns.However,the use of real-world trajectory data poses significant privacy risks,such as location re...The generation of synthetic trajectories has become essential in various fields for analyzing complex movement patterns.However,the use of real-world trajectory data poses significant privacy risks,such as location reidentification and correlation attacks.To address these challenges,privacy-preserving trajectory generation methods are critical for applications relying on sensitive location data.This paper introduces DPIL-Traj,an advanced framework designed to generate synthetic trajectories while achieving a superior balance between data utility and privacy preservation.Firstly,the framework incorporates Differential Privacy Clustering,which anonymizes trajectory data by applying differential privacy techniques that add noise,ensuring the protection of sensitive user information.Secondly,Imitation Learning is used to replicate decision-making behaviors observed in real-world trajectories.By learning from expert trajectories,this component generates synthetic data that closely mimics real-world decision-making processes while optimizing the quality of the generated trajectories.Finally,Markov-based Trajectory Generation is employed to capture and maintain the inherent temporal dynamics of movement patterns.Extensive experiments conducted on the GeoLife trajectory dataset show that DPIL-Traj improves utility performance by an average of 19.85%,and in terms of privacy performance by an average of 12.51%,compared to state-of-the-art approaches.Ablation studies further reveal that DP clustering effectively safeguards privacy,imitation learning enhances utility under noise,and the Markov module strengthens temporal coherence.展开更多
With the increasing complexity of malware attack techniques,traditional detection methods face significant challenges,such as privacy preservation,data heterogeneity,and lacking category information.To address these i...With the increasing complexity of malware attack techniques,traditional detection methods face significant challenges,such as privacy preservation,data heterogeneity,and lacking category information.To address these issues,we propose Federated Dynamic Prototype Learning(FedDPL)for malware classification by integrating Federated Learning with a specifically designed K-means.Under the Federated Learning framework,model training occurs locally without data sharing,effectively protecting user data privacy and preventing the leakage of sensitive information.Furthermore,to tackle the challenges of data heterogeneity and the lack of category information,FedDPL introduces a dynamic prototype learning mechanism,which adaptively adjusts the clustering prototypes in terms of position and number.Thus,the dependency on predefined category numbers in typical K-means and its variants can be significantly reduced,resulting in improved clustering performance.Theoretically,it provides a more accurate detection of malicious behavior.Experimental results confirm that FedDPL excels in handling malware classification tasks,demonstrating superior accuracy,robustness,and privacy protection.展开更多
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52374180 and 52327804).
文摘The principal stresses will increase or decrease during mining,leading to variations in surrounding rock strength and subsequently an influence on the risk of rockbursts.To address this issue,this study conducted theoretical analysis,numerical simulation,and field monitoring.A rockburst risk analysis method that integrates dynamic changes in the stress and strength of surrounding rock was proposed and verified in the field.The dynamic changes in maximum(σ_(1))and minimum(σ_(3))principal stresses are represented by the σ_(1) and σ_(3) differentials,respectively.The difference in principal stress differential(DPSD),defined as the difference between σ_(1) and σ_(3),was introduced as a novel indicator for rockburst risk analysis.The findings of this study demonstrate a positive correlation between increases in DPSD and heightened risks of rockbursts,as evidenced by an increase in both the frequency of rockbursts and the occurrence of large-energy microseismic events.Conversely,a decrease in DPSD is associated with a reduction in risk.Specifically,in the W1123 panel of a coal mine susceptible to rockbursts,areas exhibiting higher DPSD values experienced more frequent and severe rockbursts.The DPSD-based analysis aligned well with the observed rockburst occurrences.Subsequent optimization of rockburst prevention measures in areas with elevated DPSD led to a reduction in DPSD.Following these adjustments,the W1123 panel predominantly experienced low-energy microseismic events,with a significant decrease in large-energy microseismic events and no further rockbursts.The DPSD analysis is a valuable tool for evaluating rockburst risk and aiding in prevention,which is of great significance for disaster prevention.
基金funded by the National Philosophy and Social Science Innovation Centre of Economic ransition and Development of Nanjing University sponsored by the Ministry of Education of China
文摘Inter-industry wage differentials in China, measured in terms of average employment earnings by industry, are significant and have been increasing since 1988. The coefficient of variables measuring inter-industry average earning differentials is apparently on the rise along with the subdivision of industry. A theoretical analysis of the labour market indicates that inter-industry wage differentials are mainly due to human capital variation among the employees of different industries and the likelihood of monopoly rent sharing. An empirical study finds that employee characteristics such as sex, age and education can only explain 60 percent of CVs in the period 2003 to 2005 and the rest may be due to the effect of monopoly rent sharing in certain industries. A residual analysis of wage equation proves that the monopoly industries of technology or knowledge share a small proportion of rents with employment, whereas non-competitive monopoly industries generally garner an abnormal share of rents, as much as half of their above-average earnings for their industries. Such abnormal rents and benefits are mainly the result of low cost natural resources, the use of state-owned assets, the misappropriation of consumer welfare and the seeking of fiscal or social subsidy for cost inflation. So, China should deal with the non-competitive monopoly industries by reforming their monopoly power and primary social distribution mechanism to structure a fair income distribution order.
文摘Grain mold, associated with many fungi, is the most important disease of sorghum, causing both yield and quality losses. In this study, 23 sorghum differentials used in pathotype characterization of anthracnose and head smut pathogens were evaluated for grain mold resistance under favorable conditions in Isabela, Puerto Rico. Lines BTx643 and IS18760 exhibited the lowest grain mold severity, indicating that these two may possess genes for grain mold resistance. These two lines also recorded the highest germination rates 94.7% and 97.6%, respectively, and their seed weight was among the heaviest. In conclusion, these two lines can be utilized in breeding programs to develop grain mold-resistant hybrid lines.
文摘Analyzing the effects of heat rejection from condensers of split-type air-conditioning units at lower-floors of MLABs （multi-level apartment buildings）, using field measurements to monitor environmental conditions and condenser operation, revealed increases in the inlet air temperature at the condensers at the upper floors, which in turn increased the power and energy requirements for these units and decreased their cooling capacities. Results indicated that a decrease of up to 16,000 tons in cooling capacity and an increase of up to 67.2 MW in the national peak load demand might be reached for a 4 ℃ temperature differential for Kuwait conditions. It is recommended that the condensers be placed in the wind pathway to minimize the impact of heat rejection and stack effect and to optimize the operation of split-type air-conditioning units, and that other factors regarding installation setup and location are investigated.
基金the Belgian National Fund for Scientific research (FRIA) for its financial support
文摘Defects in kinematic joints can sometimes highly influence the simulation response of the whole multibody system within which these joints are included. For instance, the clearance, the friction, the lubrication and the flexibility affect the transient behaviour, reduce the component life and produce noise and vibration for classical joints such as prismatics, cylindrics or universal joints.In this work, a new 3D cylindrical joint model which accounts for the clearance, the misalignment and the friction is presented. This formulation has been used to represent the link between the planet gears and the planet carrier in an automotive differential model. C 2013 The Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. [doi：10.1063/2.1301303]
文摘Strong and weak limits as well as strong and weak differentials of multi-variable indeterminate forms are discussed based on the thorough exploration of differentiation to solve the strong and weak limits and differentials of unitary indeterminate forms. The fruit of this work is going to be reported in three parts. The first part presents the standard analysis on this subject which supplements, systematizes and advances L. Hospital抯 principles on differential calculus by applying special ,general, and limit guaranteeing theories together with K(t) and XhK0 theories. The combination of theoretical analysis and geometric signification makes the derivation intuitional, visual and easy to perceive.
文摘We prove that the following three properties cannot match each other on a lattice, that differentials of coordinate functions are algebraically dependent on their involutive conjugates, that the involution on a lattice is an antihomomorphism, and that differential calculus has a natural continuum limit.
文摘Based on the isomorphism between the space of star-shaped sets and the space of continuous positively homogeneous real-valued functions, the star-shaped differential of a directionally differentiable function is defined. Formulas for star-shaped differential of a pointwise maximum and a pointwise minimum of a finite number of directionally differentiable functions, and a composite of two directionaUy differentiable functions are derived. Furthermore, the mean-value theorem for a directionaUy differentiable function is demonstrated.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20160223)。
文摘The principle of improving the torque amplification factor of E-TVDs with six elements is illustrated in this paper.A velocity diagram is used to study speed and torque relationships.The results reveal that the torque amplification factor is the linear combination of the ratio of the differentials of the four elements and the ratio of planetary gear units,and its maximum value is easily more than 10.The E-TVDs with six elements are classified into three types,and there are six different configurations for each type.The torque amplification factor and the speed of interconnection between two planetary gear units are employed to evaluate the different characteristics of each E-TVD with six elements.The feasible configurations of a differential with four elements are also presented by the analysis of velocity level and planarity.This paper helps to further the understanding of the complex interconnection of the planetary gear units in E-TVDs with six elements and the differences of their characteristics.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71571123,71771155)
文摘By using the unsymmetrical scale instead of the symmetrical scale,the multiplicative intuitionistic fuzzy sets(MIFSs) reflect our intuition more objectively.Each element in a MIFS is expressed by an ordered pair which is called a multiplicative intuitionistic fuzzy number(MIFN)and is based on the unbalanced scale(i.e.,Saaty’s 1-9 scale).In order to describe the derivatives and differentials for multiplicative intuitionistic fuzzy information more comprehensively,in this paper,we firstly propose two new basic operational laws for MIFNs,which are the subtraction law and the division law.Secondly,we describe the change values of MIFNs when considering them as variables,classify these change values based on the basic operational laws for MIFNs,and depict the convergences of sequences of MIFNs by the subtraction and division laws.Finally,we focus on the multiplicative intuitionistic fuzzy functions and derive some basic results related to their continuities,derivatives and differentials,and also give their application in selecting the configuration of a computer.
文摘Labor migration is institutionally restricted within China under the hukou system, China registration system. However, what is the pecuniary impact of labor immobility on interregional wage inequality？ To answer this question, we derive a simple wage gap equation including educational attainment, market potential and provincial border indicators. The regressions based on city and sector-level data show that, other things being equal, the wage dispersions within Chinese provincial borders are significantly less pronounced than those among provinces. Such border effects on spatial wage differentials, which have been shown to pervasively exist in all sectors considered in the present paper, reflect the distortions generated by migration controls. Finally, we show that despite the recent hukou reforms aimed at relaxing the restrictions on population movement, border effects appear to persisted over the period 2003-2005.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12001074)the Research Innovation Program of Graduate Students in Hunan Province(CX20220258)+1 种基金the Research Innovation Program of Graduate Students of Central South University(1053320214147)the Key Scientific Research Project of Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province(25B110025)。
文摘This paper deals with Mckean-Vlasov backward stochastic differential equations with weak monotonicity coefficients.We first establish the existence and uniqueness of solutions to Mckean-Vlasov backward stochastic differential equations.Then we obtain a comparison theorem in one-dimensional situation.
基金This work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10501046).
文摘Given a compact Riemann surface S with finitely many punctures, in this paper we obtain a new extremality property of a Jenkins-Strebel differentialψon S. As a consequence, we obtain the solutions of several kinds of moduli problems on 5.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11671049)the Foundation of LCP,and the CAEP Foundation(CX2019026).
文摘For the five-point discrete formulae of directional derivatives in the finite point method,overcoming the challenge resulted from scattered point sets and making full use of the explicit expressions and accuracy of the formulae,this paper obtains a number of theoretical results:(1)a concise expression with definite meaning of the complicated directional difference coefficient matrix is presented,which characterizes the correlation between coefficients and the connection between coefficients and scattered geometric characteristics;(2)various expressions of the discriminant function for the solvability of numerical differentials along with the estimation of its lower bound are given,which are the bases for selecting neighboring points and making analysis;(3)the estimations of combinatorial elements and of each element in the directional difference coefficient matrix are put out,which exclude the existence of singularity.Finally,the theoretical analysis results are verified by numerical calculations.The results of this paper have strong regularity,which lay the foundation for further research on the finite point method for solving partial differential equations.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U24B20157,62203031)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality,China(No.4242041)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(No.LY24F030002)the Aeronautical ScienceFoundation of China(No.2024Z066051001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China。
文摘The capture zones of the continuous and pulsed guidance laws in the pursuit-evasion game are analytically discussed in this paper to provide deep insights into the capturability distinction between the continuous guidance law and the pulsed guidance law.Specifically,first,in the pursuit-evasion game,various capture cases are defined regarding the Zero-Effort Miss distance(ZEM)to facilitate the capturability analysis.Then,for both the evader and the pursuer,the Linear-Quadratic Differential Game(LQDG)guidance laws concerning the continuous acceleration and the pulsed acceleration are converted into a unified form.In each capture case,the optimal solution existence conditions are derived,and the corresponding capture zones are formulated.The discussion on the capture zones shows that if the optimal solution exists,the distinction between the pulsed guidance law and the continuous guidance law can be neglected under small guidance effort weight.However,the capture zone of the continuous guidance law is larger than that of the pulsed guidance law with large pursuer guidance effort weight,but smaller with large evader guidance effort weight.Finally,various simulations are conducted to illustrate the distinction of the continuous and pulsed guidance laws,as well as the impact of the acceleration ratio and the time constant ratio on the capturability.
文摘At the start of the new year,Cao Xiucheng,Chairman of Henan No.2 Textile Machinery Co.,Ltd.,was on his way to visit clients when he kept receiving urgent calls from the Xinyang production base regarding order scheduling.It turned out that since the end of 2025,the company had successively secured bulk spindle orders from overseas clients in Bangladesh and other countries,coupled with continuous urgent requests for orders from domestic manufacturers.Faced with such a production peak right at the beginning of the year,Mr.Cao Xiucheng admitted,“It was truly unexpected.”
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant number 61605004the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,grant number FRF-TP-19-016A2Guizhou Power Grid Co.,Ltd.2024 first batch of services(2024-2026 technology R&D services for science and technology projects(in addition to national and SGCC key projects)),grant number 060100KC23100012。
文摘This study addresses the risk of privacy leakage during the transmission and sharing of multimodal data in smart grid substations by proposing a three-tier privacy-preserving architecture based on asynchronous federated learning.The framework integrates blockchain technology,the InterPlanetary File System(IPFS)for distributed storage,and a dynamic differential privacy mechanism to achieve collaborative security across the storage,service,and federated coordination layers.It accommodates both multimodal data classification and object detection tasks,enabling the identification and localization of key targets and abnormal behaviors in substation scenarios while ensuring privacy protection.This effectively mitigates the single-point failures and model leakage issues inherent in centralized architectures.A dynamically adjustable differential privacy mechanism is introduced to allocate privacy budgets according to client contribution levels and upload frequencies,achieving a personalized balance between model performance and privacy protection.Multi-dimensional experimental evaluations,including classification accuracy,F1-score,encryption latency,and aggregation latency,verify the security and efficiency of the proposed architecture.The improved CNN model achieves 72.34%accuracy and an F1-score of 0.72 in object detection and classification tasks on infrared surveillance imagery,effectively identifying typical risk events such as not wearing safety helmets and unauthorized intrusion,while maintaining an aggregation latency of only 1.58 s and a query latency of 80.79 ms.Compared with traditional static differential privacy and centralized approaches,the proposed method demonstrates significant advantages in accuracy,latency,and security,providing a new technical paradigm for efficient,secure data sharing,object detection,and privacy preservation in smart grid substations.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(2025J01380)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62471139)+3 种基金the Major Health Research Project of Fujian Province(2021ZD01001)Fujian Provincial Units Special Funds for Education and Research(2022639)Fujian University of Technology Research Start-up Fund(GY-S24002)Fujian Research and Training Grants for Young and Middle-aged Leaders in Healthcare(GY-H-24179).
文摘The generation of synthetic trajectories has become essential in various fields for analyzing complex movement patterns.However,the use of real-world trajectory data poses significant privacy risks,such as location reidentification and correlation attacks.To address these challenges,privacy-preserving trajectory generation methods are critical for applications relying on sensitive location data.This paper introduces DPIL-Traj,an advanced framework designed to generate synthetic trajectories while achieving a superior balance between data utility and privacy preservation.Firstly,the framework incorporates Differential Privacy Clustering,which anonymizes trajectory data by applying differential privacy techniques that add noise,ensuring the protection of sensitive user information.Secondly,Imitation Learning is used to replicate decision-making behaviors observed in real-world trajectories.By learning from expert trajectories,this component generates synthetic data that closely mimics real-world decision-making processes while optimizing the quality of the generated trajectories.Finally,Markov-based Trajectory Generation is employed to capture and maintain the inherent temporal dynamics of movement patterns.Extensive experiments conducted on the GeoLife trajectory dataset show that DPIL-Traj improves utility performance by an average of 19.85%,and in terms of privacy performance by an average of 12.51%,compared to state-of-the-art approaches.Ablation studies further reveal that DP clustering effectively safeguards privacy,imitation learning enhances utility under noise,and the Markov module strengthens temporal coherence.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.62162009the Key Technologies R&D Program of He’nan Province under Grant No.242102211065+2 种基金the Postgraduate Education Reform and Quality Improvement Project of Henan Province under Grant Nos.YJS2025GZZ36,YJS2024AL112,and YJS2024JD38the Innovation Scientists and Technicians Troop Construction Projects of Henan Province under Grant No.CXTD2017099the Scientific Research Innovation Team of Xuchang University under Grant No.2022CXTD003.
文摘With the increasing complexity of malware attack techniques,traditional detection methods face significant challenges,such as privacy preservation,data heterogeneity,and lacking category information.To address these issues,we propose Federated Dynamic Prototype Learning(FedDPL)for malware classification by integrating Federated Learning with a specifically designed K-means.Under the Federated Learning framework,model training occurs locally without data sharing,effectively protecting user data privacy and preventing the leakage of sensitive information.Furthermore,to tackle the challenges of data heterogeneity and the lack of category information,FedDPL introduces a dynamic prototype learning mechanism,which adaptively adjusts the clustering prototypes in terms of position and number.Thus,the dependency on predefined category numbers in typical K-means and its variants can be significantly reduced,resulting in improved clustering performance.Theoretically,it provides a more accurate detection of malicious behavior.Experimental results confirm that FedDPL excels in handling malware classification tasks,demonstrating superior accuracy,robustness,and privacy protection.
