The accelerated growth of global aquaculture has boosted the production chain of Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus),currently the third most cultivated species worldwide.This fish plays a crucial role in global food ...The accelerated growth of global aquaculture has boosted the production chain of Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus),currently the third most cultivated species worldwide.This fish plays a crucial role in global food security.Protein is the main fish diet nutrient,and its quality,as well as protein level variations,directly and significantly affect the productive chain of this species.In this study,we conducted a comprehensive review of protein requirements at different tilapia development stages,underscoring the fundamental importance of a balanced diet to promote efficient growth.The study identified protein requirement variations based on weight,age,and different tilapia farming systems.In addition,the challenges associated with formulating balanced diets are discussed,especially in the face of the scarcity of traditional protein sources,such as fishmeal.Several factors are considered in this review,including tilapia development stage,rearing system,stocking density,ingredient quality,specific tilapia nutritional requirements and strains,feed management,temperature,and water quality.A gradual decrease in protein requirements is observed as fish grow and reach a minimum point during the growth phase,followed by a slight increase during the subsequent fattening phase.Tilapia protein requirements are influenced by various factors,including growth phase and farming system characteristics.Identifying the ideal protein levels at each stage is crucial for guiding sustainable tilapia aquaculture practices and enhancing the overall production efficiency of the species.展开更多
Feed formulation is essential in the dairy production chain from economic,nutritional,and environmental perspectives.Optimizing the feed formulation across those three domains–given uncertainty of input prices,input ...Feed formulation is essential in the dairy production chain from economic,nutritional,and environmental perspectives.Optimizing the feed formulation across those three domains–given uncertainty of input prices,input availability,and regional climatic conditions–is a challenge for those in the industry.The diet formulation method that is widely used by trading firms and feed production facilities employs a static linear programming(LP)approach.This approach does not allow for intertemporal feed formulations and switches between dietary feed commodities under feed availability conditions,which result in foregone economic gains for feed producers.The current study develops a multi-period LP feed model that uses historical data to capture ration switch opportunities between available feed resources for dairy cows and demonstrates the potential use of the method in different commodity feed availability situations.We apply 14 diet formulations,each covering 150 months,representing a total of 2100 diets.The diet formulation considers a specific milk production level for a“model cow”,alternative feed formulations available,and volatility in feed prices.The results demonstrate that there is an opportunity for efficiency gains in the dairy industry with respect to feed formulation.Based on dietary feed inclusion and price spreads,barley can be an important dairy feed grain which completely replaces wheat,corn,and sorghum at price spreads of less than 94%,less than 78%,and less than 67%,respectively.Grain-based feed scenarios represent the lowest nutrient variation while multiple meal feeds had the lowest costs.Furthermore,and on average,multiple meal feed scenarios provided 10%higher dietary crude protein contents compared to grain based feed scenarios(i.e.163 vs 179 g/kg DM formulated feed).Meanwhile,multiple meal feeding cost was 11%lower than that in the grain based feeding scenarios.Additionally,the use of multiple meals reduces alfalfa dietary inclusion by 7%on dry matter basis.Our analysis shows a strong reduction in feed cost associated with dietary crude protein reduction equivalent to 7.6 USD/tonne per 1%reduction in dietary crude protein level.The modeling approach allows for the interaction between feed components over time taking into consideration volatile global feed prices,thereby improving feed availability and feed formulation.Overall,the model provides a decision making tool to improve the use of feed resources in the dairy sector.展开更多
文摘The accelerated growth of global aquaculture has boosted the production chain of Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus),currently the third most cultivated species worldwide.This fish plays a crucial role in global food security.Protein is the main fish diet nutrient,and its quality,as well as protein level variations,directly and significantly affect the productive chain of this species.In this study,we conducted a comprehensive review of protein requirements at different tilapia development stages,underscoring the fundamental importance of a balanced diet to promote efficient growth.The study identified protein requirement variations based on weight,age,and different tilapia farming systems.In addition,the challenges associated with formulating balanced diets are discussed,especially in the face of the scarcity of traditional protein sources,such as fishmeal.Several factors are considered in this review,including tilapia development stage,rearing system,stocking density,ingredient quality,specific tilapia nutritional requirements and strains,feed management,temperature,and water quality.A gradual decrease in protein requirements is observed as fish grow and reach a minimum point during the growth phase,followed by a slight increase during the subsequent fattening phase.Tilapia protein requirements are influenced by various factors,including growth phase and farming system characteristics.Identifying the ideal protein levels at each stage is crucial for guiding sustainable tilapia aquaculture practices and enhancing the overall production efficiency of the species.
文摘Feed formulation is essential in the dairy production chain from economic,nutritional,and environmental perspectives.Optimizing the feed formulation across those three domains–given uncertainty of input prices,input availability,and regional climatic conditions–is a challenge for those in the industry.The diet formulation method that is widely used by trading firms and feed production facilities employs a static linear programming(LP)approach.This approach does not allow for intertemporal feed formulations and switches between dietary feed commodities under feed availability conditions,which result in foregone economic gains for feed producers.The current study develops a multi-period LP feed model that uses historical data to capture ration switch opportunities between available feed resources for dairy cows and demonstrates the potential use of the method in different commodity feed availability situations.We apply 14 diet formulations,each covering 150 months,representing a total of 2100 diets.The diet formulation considers a specific milk production level for a“model cow”,alternative feed formulations available,and volatility in feed prices.The results demonstrate that there is an opportunity for efficiency gains in the dairy industry with respect to feed formulation.Based on dietary feed inclusion and price spreads,barley can be an important dairy feed grain which completely replaces wheat,corn,and sorghum at price spreads of less than 94%,less than 78%,and less than 67%,respectively.Grain-based feed scenarios represent the lowest nutrient variation while multiple meal feeds had the lowest costs.Furthermore,and on average,multiple meal feed scenarios provided 10%higher dietary crude protein contents compared to grain based feed scenarios(i.e.163 vs 179 g/kg DM formulated feed).Meanwhile,multiple meal feeding cost was 11%lower than that in the grain based feeding scenarios.Additionally,the use of multiple meals reduces alfalfa dietary inclusion by 7%on dry matter basis.Our analysis shows a strong reduction in feed cost associated with dietary crude protein reduction equivalent to 7.6 USD/tonne per 1%reduction in dietary crude protein level.The modeling approach allows for the interaction between feed components over time taking into consideration volatile global feed prices,thereby improving feed availability and feed formulation.Overall,the model provides a decision making tool to improve the use of feed resources in the dairy sector.
