The Dibdibba aquifer is considered to be the main source in the Al-Zubair area because agriculture depends on it to provide grazing water in the area.The groundwater well samples were collected from the shallow Dibdib...The Dibdibba aquifer is considered to be the main source in the Al-Zubair area because agriculture depends on it to provide grazing water in the area.The groundwater well samples were collected from the shallow Dibdibba Aquifer in Basra Province,southern Iraq,through the dry and wet period for 37 water samples were collected,to investigate the water quality deterioration,which is a hydrogeochemical modeling study where used to represent the groundwater mixing evaluation.The physicochemical parameter results show the spatial and temporal variations along the groundwater flow path.A Durov diagram of the studied samples shows water type Na-SO_(4),which is represented by mixing waters that may be affected by dissolution.Inverse geochemical model ratio results of the groundwater well samples have shown high mixing ratios in the east and southeast regions of the study area.The stable isotope composition of groundwater samples indicated that the recharge source of the Dibdibba aquifer is meteoric water influenced by vapor water from the Arabian Gulf.The stable isotope results have shown that the enrichment ofδO values is relatively linked with high salinity concentration and indicated the mixing between the upper unconfined and the lower confined,especially in the eastern and southern parts of the study area.These findings of geochemical modeling and isotopes indicated an increasing groundwater quality deterioration.Thus,we recommended avoiding these areas for intensive extraction of groundwater.展开更多
The sandstones of the Late miocene–Pliocene Dibdibba Formation in the Najaf–Karbala Plateau and Basra were examined to determine their source rocks and origin. The rare earth elements(REE) and trace elements(Sc, Co,...The sandstones of the Late miocene–Pliocene Dibdibba Formation in the Najaf–Karbala Plateau and Basra were examined to determine their source rocks and origin. The rare earth elements(REE) and trace elements(Sc, Co, V, and Th) concentrations in these sandstones revealed that they likely derived from a single source. The steep light rare earth elements(LREE) and flat, heavy rare earth element(HREE) patterns, negative Eu anomaly, and high ΣREE contents in sandstones suggest its derivation from a suggests that a passive continental margin environment and originated from felsic source rocks. The average concentration of ΣREE is 93.5 ppm, which is lower than that of the average crustal compositions like Upper Continental Crust and Post Archean Australian Shale. The higher proportion of LREE compared to HREE implies that these sandstones were recycled and derived from a distal source. The Th/Co, Th/Sc, La/Sc, La/Co, Eu/Eu*and(La/Lu)cn elemental ratios indicated that these Late Miocene–Pliocene sandstones were derived from felsic rocks located in the marginal region of the Arabian Shield.展开更多
Al-Batin alluvial fan is one of the largest alluvial fans in Iraq, especially in the Iraqi Southern Desert. Its eastern and southern limits form parts of the Iraqi-Kuwait international borders. The fan is deposited by...Al-Batin alluvial fan is one of the largest alluvial fans in Iraq, especially in the Iraqi Southern Desert. Its eastern and southern limits form parts of the Iraqi-Kuwait international borders. The fan is deposited by Wadi Al-Batin, the last apex being on the southern limits of the main wide depression formed by the active Abu Jir-Euphrates Fault Zone. The main trend of the fan is almost SW-NE. The length and the maximum width of the fan are 110.192 Km and 119.1 Km, respectively, whereas the slope along its length is 0.7°. The fan is covered by gypcrete sheet with thickness varying from (0.5 - 1.5) m. Four stages were recognized within the fan, which is dated to be Pleistocene in age. The four stages are marked by clear height differences. The deposition of the alluvial fan is highly affected by the activity of the active Abu Jir-Euphrates Fault Zone, which is represented on the surface as a wide shallow depression in which the fan is laid down by Wadi Al-Batin. The continuous deposition of the fan has affected the course of the Euphrates Formation within Hammar Marsh and also the course of Khor Al-Zubair in its upper reaches south of Al-Qurna, where the Euphrates and Tigris rivers merge together. Also there is a trace of ancient distributary of the Euphrates River that was flowing directly to the Arabian Gulf, through an estuary, which is abandoned and does not exist anymore.展开更多
文摘The Dibdibba aquifer is considered to be the main source in the Al-Zubair area because agriculture depends on it to provide grazing water in the area.The groundwater well samples were collected from the shallow Dibdibba Aquifer in Basra Province,southern Iraq,through the dry and wet period for 37 water samples were collected,to investigate the water quality deterioration,which is a hydrogeochemical modeling study where used to represent the groundwater mixing evaluation.The physicochemical parameter results show the spatial and temporal variations along the groundwater flow path.A Durov diagram of the studied samples shows water type Na-SO_(4),which is represented by mixing waters that may be affected by dissolution.Inverse geochemical model ratio results of the groundwater well samples have shown high mixing ratios in the east and southeast regions of the study area.The stable isotope composition of groundwater samples indicated that the recharge source of the Dibdibba aquifer is meteoric water influenced by vapor water from the Arabian Gulf.The stable isotope results have shown that the enrichment ofδO values is relatively linked with high salinity concentration and indicated the mixing between the upper unconfined and the lower confined,especially in the eastern and southern parts of the study area.These findings of geochemical modeling and isotopes indicated an increasing groundwater quality deterioration.Thus,we recommended avoiding these areas for intensive extraction of groundwater.
文摘The sandstones of the Late miocene–Pliocene Dibdibba Formation in the Najaf–Karbala Plateau and Basra were examined to determine their source rocks and origin. The rare earth elements(REE) and trace elements(Sc, Co, V, and Th) concentrations in these sandstones revealed that they likely derived from a single source. The steep light rare earth elements(LREE) and flat, heavy rare earth element(HREE) patterns, negative Eu anomaly, and high ΣREE contents in sandstones suggest its derivation from a suggests that a passive continental margin environment and originated from felsic source rocks. The average concentration of ΣREE is 93.5 ppm, which is lower than that of the average crustal compositions like Upper Continental Crust and Post Archean Australian Shale. The higher proportion of LREE compared to HREE implies that these sandstones were recycled and derived from a distal source. The Th/Co, Th/Sc, La/Sc, La/Co, Eu/Eu*and(La/Lu)cn elemental ratios indicated that these Late Miocene–Pliocene sandstones were derived from felsic rocks located in the marginal region of the Arabian Shield.
文摘Al-Batin alluvial fan is one of the largest alluvial fans in Iraq, especially in the Iraqi Southern Desert. Its eastern and southern limits form parts of the Iraqi-Kuwait international borders. The fan is deposited by Wadi Al-Batin, the last apex being on the southern limits of the main wide depression formed by the active Abu Jir-Euphrates Fault Zone. The main trend of the fan is almost SW-NE. The length and the maximum width of the fan are 110.192 Km and 119.1 Km, respectively, whereas the slope along its length is 0.7°. The fan is covered by gypcrete sheet with thickness varying from (0.5 - 1.5) m. Four stages were recognized within the fan, which is dated to be Pleistocene in age. The four stages are marked by clear height differences. The deposition of the alluvial fan is highly affected by the activity of the active Abu Jir-Euphrates Fault Zone, which is represented on the surface as a wide shallow depression in which the fan is laid down by Wadi Al-Batin. The continuous deposition of the fan has affected the course of the Euphrates Formation within Hammar Marsh and also the course of Khor Al-Zubair in its upper reaches south of Al-Qurna, where the Euphrates and Tigris rivers merge together. Also there is a trace of ancient distributary of the Euphrates River that was flowing directly to the Arabian Gulf, through an estuary, which is abandoned and does not exist anymore.
