Background:Echinococcosis constitutes a major zoonotic parasitic disease with profound public health and socioeconomic implications.Dog deworming remains a cornerstone intervention endorsed by World Health Organizatio...Background:Echinococcosis constitutes a major zoonotic parasitic disease with profound public health and socioeconomic implications.Dog deworming remains a cornerstone intervention endorsed by World Health Organization.This study comparatively assessed automated vs.manual praziquantel(PZQ)bait delivery systems for dog echinococcosis control.Methods:A prospective,randomized,double-blinded field trial employing a One Health framework was conducted in Tianzhu Zangzu Zizhixian,China-a cystic echinococcosis endemic region.Township-level cluster randomization allocated dogs to smart collar deworming group(SCDG)with monthly automated PZQ delivery and manual deworming group(MDG)with conventional bait administration.Intervention assignment remained masked between groups.Laboratory personnel were blinded during fecal antigen analysis using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Generalized Estimating Equations(GEE)evaluated efficacy via odds ratios(ORs)over 24 months,SPSS software(version 27.0)was used for data processing.Metrics included parasitological outcomes,deworming frequency,collar deployment and recovery rates.Results:From June 2021 to July 2023,1920 dogs(800 from SCDG,1120 from MDG)were enrolled with owner consent.Among the 5119 fecal samples analyzed(2320 from SCDG,2799 from MDG),33 were antigen-positive(8 from SCDG,25 from MDG).Baseline positivity showed no intergroup difference(SCDG:0.8%[6/792]vs.MDG:1.2%[13/1099],P=0.36).At 24 months,SCDG achieved 0%positivity(0/661)while MDG's was 0.6%(5/789).Smart collars conferred significant protection(OR=0.432,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.194-0.959,P<0.0001)-equivalent to 56.8% infection risk reduction.At 12 months,the recycling rate and integrity rate of smart collars were 83.3%(666/800)and 74.3%(495/666),respectively;and the proportion of dogs dewormed 6-12 times per year was 86.7%(577/666).At 24 months,the recycling rate and integrity rate of smart collars were up to 93.6%(749/800,χ^(2)=42.106,P<0.001)and 94.1%(705/749,χ^(2)=107.269,P<0.001),respectively.During this period,91.6%(1202/1312)of dogs received deworming 6-12 times per year.In 2023,a total of 647 smart collars were distributed,with the recycling rate and integrity rate of 99.8%(646/647)and 96.4%(623/646),respectively.The proportion of dogs dewormed 6-12 times per year increased to 96.6%(625/646,χ^(2)=34.969,P<0.001).Conclusions:Field deployment of smart collars proves operationally viable,sustainably enhancing deworming frequency while reducing dog infection rates more effectively than manual methods.The 56.8%protective effect advancement mitigates environmental egg contamination,thereby lowering zoonotic transmission risk.展开更多
Introduction: Intestinal parasitism has been a challenge to overcome for the Mexican deworming campaign and this study determined the prevalence of these infections in schoolchildren treated with albendazole in Northw...Introduction: Intestinal parasitism has been a challenge to overcome for the Mexican deworming campaign and this study determined the prevalence of these infections in schoolchildren treated with albendazole in Northwestern Mexico. Methods: Study sites in marginal conditions, with gastrointestinal infections and albendazole intervention were selected. The Faust and Kato Katz techniques were used to identify the parasites spp. and the NCSS software was used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 450, 389 and 364 schoolchildren participated in 2005, 2006, and 2007 respectively during this study. The mean age was 7.9 (±1.3). The estimated prevalences were of 42%, 30% and 37% for protozoa infections, and 11%, 12% and 11% for helminth infections in 2005, 2006 and 2007 respectively. Conclusion: The education strategies should be integrated into the Mexican deworming campaign.展开更多
Zoonotic hookworm infections remain a significant public health problem,causing nearly 500 million cases globally and approximately four million disability-adjusted life years lost annually.More than one-fifth of thes...Zoonotic hookworm infections remain a significant public health problem,causing nearly 500 million cases globally and approximately four million disability-adjusted life years lost annually.More than one-fifth of these cases are attributed to Ancylostoma ceylanicum,an emerging zoonotic health issue in the Asia-Pacific region.This review presents key research gaps regarding the epidemiology,diagnosis,control,prevention and elimination of A.ceylanicum and other canine zoonotic hookworms as neglected health threats.A.ceylanicum is the second most prevalent human hookworm in the region;it is the most common hookworm among dogs and cats-reservoirs of zoonotic infections.Previous population genetic and phylogenetic analyses revealed that A.ceylanicum has three possible transmission dynamics:zoonotic,animal-only,and human-only pathways.The actual burden of zoonotic ancylostomiasis in most endemic countries remains unknown due to the use of parasitological techniques(e.g.,Kato-Katz thick smear and floatation techniques)that have reduced diagnostic performance and do not allow accurate species identification in helminth surveys.The emergence of benzimidazole resistance in soil-transmitted helminths(STHs),including hookworms,is a concern due to the protracted implementation of mass drug administration(MDA).Resistance is conferred by single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)that occur in theβ-tubulin isotype 1 gene.These mutations have been reported in drug-resistant A.caninum but have not been found in A.ceylanicum in the field.A.ceylanicum remains understudied in the Asia-Pacific region.The zoonotic nature of the parasite warrants investigation of its occurrence in human and animal reservoir hosts to understand the dynamics of zoonotic transmission in different endemic foci.The detection of benzimidazole resistance-associated SNPs in zoonotic hookworms from Asia-Pacific countries has yet to be thoroughly explored.Considering the high level of hookworm endemicity in the region,the circulation of resistant isolates between humans and animals potentially presents a significant One Health threat that can undermine current MDA and proposed animal deworming-based control efforts.展开更多
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant numbers 2021YFC2300800,2021YFC2300804).
文摘Background:Echinococcosis constitutes a major zoonotic parasitic disease with profound public health and socioeconomic implications.Dog deworming remains a cornerstone intervention endorsed by World Health Organization.This study comparatively assessed automated vs.manual praziquantel(PZQ)bait delivery systems for dog echinococcosis control.Methods:A prospective,randomized,double-blinded field trial employing a One Health framework was conducted in Tianzhu Zangzu Zizhixian,China-a cystic echinococcosis endemic region.Township-level cluster randomization allocated dogs to smart collar deworming group(SCDG)with monthly automated PZQ delivery and manual deworming group(MDG)with conventional bait administration.Intervention assignment remained masked between groups.Laboratory personnel were blinded during fecal antigen analysis using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Generalized Estimating Equations(GEE)evaluated efficacy via odds ratios(ORs)over 24 months,SPSS software(version 27.0)was used for data processing.Metrics included parasitological outcomes,deworming frequency,collar deployment and recovery rates.Results:From June 2021 to July 2023,1920 dogs(800 from SCDG,1120 from MDG)were enrolled with owner consent.Among the 5119 fecal samples analyzed(2320 from SCDG,2799 from MDG),33 were antigen-positive(8 from SCDG,25 from MDG).Baseline positivity showed no intergroup difference(SCDG:0.8%[6/792]vs.MDG:1.2%[13/1099],P=0.36).At 24 months,SCDG achieved 0%positivity(0/661)while MDG's was 0.6%(5/789).Smart collars conferred significant protection(OR=0.432,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.194-0.959,P<0.0001)-equivalent to 56.8% infection risk reduction.At 12 months,the recycling rate and integrity rate of smart collars were 83.3%(666/800)and 74.3%(495/666),respectively;and the proportion of dogs dewormed 6-12 times per year was 86.7%(577/666).At 24 months,the recycling rate and integrity rate of smart collars were up to 93.6%(749/800,χ^(2)=42.106,P<0.001)and 94.1%(705/749,χ^(2)=107.269,P<0.001),respectively.During this period,91.6%(1202/1312)of dogs received deworming 6-12 times per year.In 2023,a total of 647 smart collars were distributed,with the recycling rate and integrity rate of 99.8%(646/647)and 96.4%(623/646),respectively.The proportion of dogs dewormed 6-12 times per year increased to 96.6%(625/646,χ^(2)=34.969,P<0.001).Conclusions:Field deployment of smart collars proves operationally viable,sustainably enhancing deworming frequency while reducing dog infection rates more effectively than manual methods.The 56.8%protective effect advancement mitigates environmental egg contamination,thereby lowering zoonotic transmission risk.
文摘Introduction: Intestinal parasitism has been a challenge to overcome for the Mexican deworming campaign and this study determined the prevalence of these infections in schoolchildren treated with albendazole in Northwestern Mexico. Methods: Study sites in marginal conditions, with gastrointestinal infections and albendazole intervention were selected. The Faust and Kato Katz techniques were used to identify the parasites spp. and the NCSS software was used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 450, 389 and 364 schoolchildren participated in 2005, 2006, and 2007 respectively during this study. The mean age was 7.9 (±1.3). The estimated prevalences were of 42%, 30% and 37% for protozoa infections, and 11%, 12% and 11% for helminth infections in 2005, 2006 and 2007 respectively. Conclusion: The education strategies should be integrated into the Mexican deworming campaign.
基金supported by a Postgraduate Study Support Grant from the Faculty of Medicine,Khon Kaen University.
文摘Zoonotic hookworm infections remain a significant public health problem,causing nearly 500 million cases globally and approximately four million disability-adjusted life years lost annually.More than one-fifth of these cases are attributed to Ancylostoma ceylanicum,an emerging zoonotic health issue in the Asia-Pacific region.This review presents key research gaps regarding the epidemiology,diagnosis,control,prevention and elimination of A.ceylanicum and other canine zoonotic hookworms as neglected health threats.A.ceylanicum is the second most prevalent human hookworm in the region;it is the most common hookworm among dogs and cats-reservoirs of zoonotic infections.Previous population genetic and phylogenetic analyses revealed that A.ceylanicum has three possible transmission dynamics:zoonotic,animal-only,and human-only pathways.The actual burden of zoonotic ancylostomiasis in most endemic countries remains unknown due to the use of parasitological techniques(e.g.,Kato-Katz thick smear and floatation techniques)that have reduced diagnostic performance and do not allow accurate species identification in helminth surveys.The emergence of benzimidazole resistance in soil-transmitted helminths(STHs),including hookworms,is a concern due to the protracted implementation of mass drug administration(MDA).Resistance is conferred by single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)that occur in theβ-tubulin isotype 1 gene.These mutations have been reported in drug-resistant A.caninum but have not been found in A.ceylanicum in the field.A.ceylanicum remains understudied in the Asia-Pacific region.The zoonotic nature of the parasite warrants investigation of its occurrence in human and animal reservoir hosts to understand the dynamics of zoonotic transmission in different endemic foci.The detection of benzimidazole resistance-associated SNPs in zoonotic hookworms from Asia-Pacific countries has yet to be thoroughly explored.Considering the high level of hookworm endemicity in the region,the circulation of resistant isolates between humans and animals potentially presents a significant One Health threat that can undermine current MDA and proposed animal deworming-based control efforts.
