This paper highlights the critical role of medical device design and development documents within the quality system,including their compliance with regulatory standards,their function as a traceable record,their supp...This paper highlights the critical role of medical device design and development documents within the quality system,including their compliance with regulatory standards,their function as a traceable record,their support for all stages,and their use in risk and change management.It also covers document template creation,review record association,information management,adverse event traceability,and the reconciliation of differences in international declarations.展开更多
The Three Gorges Project (TGP for short) is the key project to train and develop the Yangtze River of China,with multi-objects of flood defence,electricity generation,shipping,etc.However,sediment plays an important r...The Three Gorges Project (TGP for short) is the key project to train and develop the Yangtze River of China,with multi-objects of flood defence,electricity generation,shipping,etc.However,sediment plays an important role in beth constructing of engineering and exerting efficiency of TGP.Special attention,there- fore,has been paid to sediment problem of TGP since the very beginning of this engineering's pregnancy.Up to now,much observed data and fruitful researches about TGP have come into being,and a sci...展开更多
A newly emerging design pattern, named as adaptable design （AD）, which aims at developing products that are adaptable from design to post-life cycle, is discussed. AD consists of four main phases： product modeling,...A newly emerging design pattern, named as adaptable design （AD）, which aims at developing products that are adaptable from design to post-life cycle, is discussed. AD consists of four main phases： product modeling, design platform, specific design and product redesign. A new process-based design data model （PDDM） is presented which is organized according to the principles of convenient knowledge extraction, data representation, layout, sharing and reuse. Based on the PDDM, a universal design platform for product family development is established, which has characters of modularity, parameter-driven, variant design, etc. The framework of the platform is also proposed as a conceptual structure and overall logical organization for generating a family of products. AD methodology is successfully applied to develop a family of tunnel boring machine （TBM） for different engineering projects, with the efficiency of our developing team being greatly increased.展开更多
In order to improve the fire resistance,water resistance and wear resistance of ordinary plywood products in the wood processing industry,three composite structures of plywood products S1,S2 and S3 were designed in th...In order to improve the fire resistance,water resistance and wear resistance of ordinary plywood products in the wood processing industry,three composite structures of plywood products S1,S2 and S3 were designed in this paper,and a reasonable production process was proposed.Through the physical and mechanical properties and fire resistance testing and technical and economic analysis,the applicability of composite plywood was evaluated.The results of the study showed that the physical mechanics of the three kinds of composite structure plywood met the standard requirements,and their fire resistance was far better than that of ordinary plywood.Among them,the S1 structural board had the best overall physical and mechanical properties.The S3 structural board showed the best fire resistance,which was about 1.9 times more than that of ordinary plywood,and the added cost was the lowest.The thin cork board added to the S2 structural board had poor fire performance since the air in the cork board cavities had a certain combustion-supporting effect,which inhibited the fire resistance of high-pressure laminate(HPL)layer.Moreover,the additional cost of the S2 board was the highest,and its comprehensive performance was the worst.The S3 structural plywood product composed of HPL fireproof board with a thickness of about 1 mm in the surface layer and ordinary plywood with a thickness of about 12 mm in the core layer was the most cost-effective product,which could meet the needs of various fields such as construction,home furnishing,decoration and transportation.展开更多
The seismic design and analysis of nuclear power plant (NPP) begin with the seismic hazard assessment and design ground motion development for the site. The following steps are needed for the seismic hazard assessment...The seismic design and analysis of nuclear power plant (NPP) begin with the seismic hazard assessment and design ground motion development for the site. The following steps are needed for the seismic hazard assessment and design ground motion development:a. the development of regional seismo-tectonic model with seismic source areas within 500 km radius centered to the site;b. the development of strong motion prediction equations; c. logic three development for taking into account uncertainties and seismic hazard quantification;d. the development of uniform hazard response spectra for ground motion at the site;e. simulation of acceleration time histories compatible with uniform hazard response spectra. The following phase two in seismic design of NPP structures is the analysis of structural response for the design ground motion. This second phase of the process consists of the following steps:a. development of structural models of the plant buildings;b. development of the soil model underneath the plant buildings for soilstructure interaction response analysis;c. determination of instructure response spectra for the plant buildings for the equipment response analysis. In the third phase of the seismic design and analysis the equipment is analyzed on the basis of in-structure response spectra. For this purpose the structural models of the mechanical components and piping in the plant are set up. In large 3D-structural models used today the heaviest equipment of the primary coolant circuit is included in the structural model of the reactor building. In the fourth phase the electrical equipment and automation and control equipment are seismically qualified with the aid of the in-structure spectra developed in the phase two using large three-axial shaking tables. For this purpose the smoothed envelope spectra for calculated in-structure spectra are constructed and acceleration time is fitted to these smoothed envelope spectra.展开更多
In this paper we have developed a data logging and monitoring system, we validated the system by comparing the result from it with the existing one and found that the system performs slightly better than the existing ...In this paper we have developed a data logging and monitoring system, we validated the system by comparing the result from it with the existing one and found that the system performs slightly better than the existing work in the same area. This implies that the data logger and monitoring system is good and can be used to monitor solar energy variables even at the comfort of our homes. We fitted a model to the generated data and found that the meteorological variables considered accounted for 99.88% of the power output in the rainy seasons while 0.12% of the variation was not explained due to other factors. Solar panels inclined at an angle of 5° (Tilt) and facing South Pole perform optimally.展开更多
Through the analysis on the current situation of the souvenirs in Jiangxi red revolutionary museums, the new design positioning of the souvenirs is discussed, and also the development direction of the souvenirs is stu...Through the analysis on the current situation of the souvenirs in Jiangxi red revolutionary museums, the new design positioning of the souvenirs is discussed, and also the development direction of the souvenirs is studied from culture connotation excavation, buying motivation, buying groups, the combination of design with technology, and pre-sale, in-sale, and after-sale services. On the basis of preserving the traditional revolutionary culture, the revolutionary stories are reshaped using modem design language and science and technology, so that new living space and development direction are given to the souvenirs of red revolution, the sales of the souvenirs are promoted, the economic benefits of the red revolutionary museums are improved, the red tourism is more effectively promoted, and Jiangxi red revolutionary culture is developed and expanded.展开更多
Since it takes a long time to design an aircraft, the succession to or the acquirement of knowledges and technologies is a key to provide to aircraft design high quality and productivity. This paper describes a comput...Since it takes a long time to design an aircraft, the succession to or the acquirement of knowledges and technologies is a key to provide to aircraft design high quality and productivity. This paper describes a computer support system for wing design using a new tool based on an object-oriented approach. The system is programmed in a module of objects which represent design tasks or design knowledges. The modulated program gives advantages to maintain and extend the system easily. The system provides to users a flexible support with excellent user interface which consists of mouse, menu-driven system, and window system.展开更多
This paper presents a methodology driven by database constraints for designing and developing(database)software applications.Much needed and with excellent results,this paradigm guarantees the highest possible quality...This paper presents a methodology driven by database constraints for designing and developing(database)software applications.Much needed and with excellent results,this paradigm guarantees the highest possible quality of the managed data.The proposed methodology is illustrated with an easy to understand,yet complex medium-sized genealogy software application driven by more than 200 database constraints,which fully meets such expectations.展开更多
Under the national policy of vigorously promoting biomass fuel as clean fuel, biomass fuel as boiler fuel is the need of the development of the times. Combined with the current biomass fuel policy, this paper introduc...Under the national policy of vigorously promoting biomass fuel as clean fuel, biomass fuel as boiler fuel is the need of the development of the times. Combined with the current biomass fuel policy, this paper introduces the structural design characteristics of a circulating fluidized bed boiler burning biomass fuel, and explains in detail the design of each part of the boiler.展开更多
Urban landscape engineering plays an important role in promoting regional sustainable development. With the shrinking of land resources, in order to fundamentally improve the comprehensive efficiency in the process of...Urban landscape engineering plays an important role in promoting regional sustainable development. With the shrinking of land resources, in order to fundamentally improve the comprehensive efficiency in the process of landscape engineering construction, it is necessary to carefully analyze the problems existing in the landscape engineering design work, and constantly improve the actual design scheme in combination with the actual construction characteristics and requirements of the project, so as to ensure the construction efficiency and construction cost of the later landscape engineering. Next, the article discusses the development status and trend of urban landscape design.展开更多
This paper firstly analyzes the culture of Marquis of Haihun site and explores the cultural and creative derivatives,followed by the value of these cultural and creative derivatives of Marquis of Haihun site and the d...This paper firstly analyzes the culture of Marquis of Haihun site and explores the cultural and creative derivatives,followed by the value of these cultural and creative derivatives of Marquis of Haihun site and the design and development path of the cultural and creative derivatives of Marquis of Haihun site for the reference of relevant scholars.展开更多
Thirteen new fluorine-containing drugs,which have been granted approval by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)in 2020,are profiled in this review.Therapeutic areas of these new fluorinated pharmaceuticals include...Thirteen new fluorine-containing drugs,which have been granted approval by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)in 2020,are profiled in this review.Therapeutic areas of these new fluorinated pharmaceuticals include medicines and diagnostic agents for Cushing's disease,neurofibromatosis,migraine,Alzheimer's disease,myelodysplastic syndromes,hereditary angioedema attacks,and various cancers.Molecules of these approved drugs feature aromatic fluorine(Ar-F)(11 compounds),aromatic Ar-CF_(3)(1),aliphatic CHF(1)and CF_(2)(1)groups.For each compound,we provide a spectrum of biological activity,medicinal chemistry discovery,and synthetic approaches.展开更多
Nine new fluorine-containing drugs have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)in 2021,which are presented in this review article.These small molecular drugs feature aromatic fluorine,trifluoromethyl...Nine new fluorine-containing drugs have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)in 2021,which are presented in this review article.These small molecular drugs feature aromatic fluorine,trifluoromethyl and chlorodifluoro groups.The therapeutic areas of these fluorine-containing drugs include multiple myeloma,lymphoma,HIV,chronic heart failure,chronic myeloid leukemia,(ANCA)-associated vasculitis,migraines,von Hippel-Lindau disease,and non-small cell lung cancer.The brief biological activities and the synthetic methods have been discussed in this review for each of these nine drugs.展开更多
This review profiles twelve fluorine-containing drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA) for the clinic in 2023.These small molecule drugs represent such therapeutic areas as cancer,neuromuscular dis...This review profiles twelve fluorine-containing drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA) for the clinic in 2023.These small molecule drugs represent such therapeutic areas as cancer,neuromuscular disorder,immunodeficiency,virology,and infectious diseases.Medicinal chemistry discovery,biological activity,and synthetic routes have been discussed for each drug.Also,new trends in structural positioning,functionality,and degree of fluorination are discussed.Besides fluorination,the importance of amino acid residues and chirality in the design of new pharmaceuticals is highlighted.展开更多
The Technical Services and the Medical Administration of the Hospitals of Trieste have been working for years to ensure the optimal functioning of the Surgery, Intensive Care, Diagnostics and Research Services offered...The Technical Services and the Medical Administration of the Hospitals of Trieste have been working for years to ensure the optimal functioning of the Surgery, Intensive Care, Diagnostics and Research Services offered to the Patients and to the University in an 800-bed hospital complex, transforming and innovating the buildings and support installations. We have dedicated special attention to the technologies necessary to guarantee the continuity of the power supply to the electromedical devices, increasingly numerous in highly specialized hospitals. We report the power of the generator sets and the UPS and our opinion that their power must be related to the overall consumption of the hospital, with a reserve margin.展开更多
Despite the global decline in the severity of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cases,the disease stillrepresents a major concern to the relevant scientific and medical communities.The primary concern of drug scie...Despite the global decline in the severity of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cases,the disease stillrepresents a major concern to the relevant scientific and medical communities.The primary concern of drug scientists,virologists,and other concerned specialists in this respect is to find ready-to-use suitable and potent anticoronaviraltherapies that are broadly effective against the different species/strains of the coronaviruses in general,not only againstthe current and previous coronaviruses(e.g.,the recently-appeared severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2“SARS-CoV-2”),i.e.,effective antiviral agents for treatment and/or prophylaxis of any coronaviral infections,includingthose of the coming ones from the next species and strains(if any).As an expert in this field,I tried,in this up-to-dateperspective“viewpoint”article,to evaluate the suitability and applicability of using the currently-availableanticoronaviral agents for the next coronavirus diseases(COVIDs)and coronaviral pandemics,highlighting the mostimportant general guidelines that should be considered in the next pandemics from the therapeutic points of view.展开更多
In recent years,great progress has been made in geologic evaluation,engineering test and development optimization of the Lower Cambrian Wufeng FmeLower Silurian Longmaxi Fm shale gas in the Sichuan Basin,and the main ...In recent years,great progress has been made in geologic evaluation,engineering test and development optimization of the Lower Cambrian Wufeng FmeLower Silurian Longmaxi Fm shale gas in the Sichuan Basin,and the main shale gas exploitation technologies have been un-derstood preliminarily.In addition,scale productivity construction has been completed in Jiaoshiba,Changning and Weiyuan blocks.In this paper,the Wufeng FmeLongmaxi Fm shale gas wells in Changning Block were taken as the study object to provide technical reference for the development design of similar shale-gas horizontal wells.The technology combining geology with engineering,dynamic with static,and statistical analysis with simulation prediction was applied to quantify the main factors controlling shale-gas well productivity,develop the shale-gas well production prediction model,and optimize the key technical parameters of geologic target of shale-gas horizontal wells in the block(e.g.roadway orientation,location and spacing,horizontal section length and gas well production index).In order to realize high productivity of shale gas wells,it is necessary to maximize the included angle between the horizontal section orientation and the maximum major stress and fracture development direction,deploy horizontal-well roadway in top-quality shale layers,and drill the horizontal section in type I reservoirs over 1000 m long.It is concluded that high productivity of shale gas wells is guaranteed by the horizontal-well wellbore integrity and the optimized low-viscosity slickwater and ceramsite fracturing technology for complex fracture creation.Based on the research results,the technical policies for shale gas development of Changning Block are prepared and a guidance and reference are provided for the shale gas development and productivity construction in the block and the development design of similar shale-gas horizontal wells.展开更多
文摘This paper highlights the critical role of medical device design and development documents within the quality system,including their compliance with regulatory standards,their function as a traceable record,their support for all stages,and their use in risk and change management.It also covers document template creation,review record association,information management,adverse event traceability,and the reconciliation of differences in international declarations.
文摘The Three Gorges Project (TGP for short) is the key project to train and develop the Yangtze River of China,with multi-objects of flood defence,electricity generation,shipping,etc.However,sediment plays an important role in beth constructing of engineering and exerting efficiency of TGP.Special attention,there- fore,has been paid to sediment problem of TGP since the very beginning of this engineering's pregnancy.Up to now,much observed data and fruitful researches about TGP have come into being,and a sci...
文摘A newly emerging design pattern, named as adaptable design （AD）, which aims at developing products that are adaptable from design to post-life cycle, is discussed. AD consists of four main phases： product modeling, design platform, specific design and product redesign. A new process-based design data model （PDDM） is presented which is organized according to the principles of convenient knowledge extraction, data representation, layout, sharing and reuse. Based on the PDDM, a universal design platform for product family development is established, which has characters of modularity, parameter-driven, variant design, etc. The framework of the platform is also proposed as a conceptual structure and overall logical organization for generating a family of products. AD methodology is successfully applied to develop a family of tunnel boring machine （TBM） for different engineering projects, with the efficiency of our developing team being greatly increased.
基金This work was supported by the 2020 Jiangsu Provincial Department of Science and Technology Policy Guidance Category(North Jiangsu Science and Technology Special SZ-L YG202014).
文摘In order to improve the fire resistance,water resistance and wear resistance of ordinary plywood products in the wood processing industry,three composite structures of plywood products S1,S2 and S3 were designed in this paper,and a reasonable production process was proposed.Through the physical and mechanical properties and fire resistance testing and technical and economic analysis,the applicability of composite plywood was evaluated.The results of the study showed that the physical mechanics of the three kinds of composite structure plywood met the standard requirements,and their fire resistance was far better than that of ordinary plywood.Among them,the S1 structural board had the best overall physical and mechanical properties.The S3 structural board showed the best fire resistance,which was about 1.9 times more than that of ordinary plywood,and the added cost was the lowest.The thin cork board added to the S2 structural board had poor fire performance since the air in the cork board cavities had a certain combustion-supporting effect,which inhibited the fire resistance of high-pressure laminate(HPL)layer.Moreover,the additional cost of the S2 board was the highest,and its comprehensive performance was the worst.The S3 structural plywood product composed of HPL fireproof board with a thickness of about 1 mm in the surface layer and ordinary plywood with a thickness of about 12 mm in the core layer was the most cost-effective product,which could meet the needs of various fields such as construction,home furnishing,decoration and transportation.
文摘The seismic design and analysis of nuclear power plant (NPP) begin with the seismic hazard assessment and design ground motion development for the site. The following steps are needed for the seismic hazard assessment and design ground motion development:a. the development of regional seismo-tectonic model with seismic source areas within 500 km radius centered to the site;b. the development of strong motion prediction equations; c. logic three development for taking into account uncertainties and seismic hazard quantification;d. the development of uniform hazard response spectra for ground motion at the site;e. simulation of acceleration time histories compatible with uniform hazard response spectra. The following phase two in seismic design of NPP structures is the analysis of structural response for the design ground motion. This second phase of the process consists of the following steps:a. development of structural models of the plant buildings;b. development of the soil model underneath the plant buildings for soilstructure interaction response analysis;c. determination of instructure response spectra for the plant buildings for the equipment response analysis. In the third phase of the seismic design and analysis the equipment is analyzed on the basis of in-structure response spectra. For this purpose the structural models of the mechanical components and piping in the plant are set up. In large 3D-structural models used today the heaviest equipment of the primary coolant circuit is included in the structural model of the reactor building. In the fourth phase the electrical equipment and automation and control equipment are seismically qualified with the aid of the in-structure spectra developed in the phase two using large three-axial shaking tables. For this purpose the smoothed envelope spectra for calculated in-structure spectra are constructed and acceleration time is fitted to these smoothed envelope spectra.
文摘In this paper we have developed a data logging and monitoring system, we validated the system by comparing the result from it with the existing one and found that the system performs slightly better than the existing work in the same area. This implies that the data logger and monitoring system is good and can be used to monitor solar energy variables even at the comfort of our homes. We fitted a model to the generated data and found that the meteorological variables considered accounted for 99.88% of the power output in the rainy seasons while 0.12% of the variation was not explained due to other factors. Solar panels inclined at an angle of 5° (Tilt) and facing South Pole perform optimally.
文摘Through the analysis on the current situation of the souvenirs in Jiangxi red revolutionary museums, the new design positioning of the souvenirs is discussed, and also the development direction of the souvenirs is studied from culture connotation excavation, buying motivation, buying groups, the combination of design with technology, and pre-sale, in-sale, and after-sale services. On the basis of preserving the traditional revolutionary culture, the revolutionary stories are reshaped using modem design language and science and technology, so that new living space and development direction are given to the souvenirs of red revolution, the sales of the souvenirs are promoted, the economic benefits of the red revolutionary museums are improved, the red tourism is more effectively promoted, and Jiangxi red revolutionary culture is developed and expanded.
文摘Since it takes a long time to design an aircraft, the succession to or the acquirement of knowledges and technologies is a key to provide to aircraft design high quality and productivity. This paper describes a computer support system for wing design using a new tool based on an object-oriented approach. The system is programmed in a module of objects which represent design tasks or design knowledges. The modulated program gives advantages to maintain and extend the system easily. The system provides to users a flexible support with excellent user interface which consists of mouse, menu-driven system, and window system.
文摘This paper presents a methodology driven by database constraints for designing and developing(database)software applications.Much needed and with excellent results,this paradigm guarantees the highest possible quality of the managed data.The proposed methodology is illustrated with an easy to understand,yet complex medium-sized genealogy software application driven by more than 200 database constraints,which fully meets such expectations.
文摘Under the national policy of vigorously promoting biomass fuel as clean fuel, biomass fuel as boiler fuel is the need of the development of the times. Combined with the current biomass fuel policy, this paper introduces the structural design characteristics of a circulating fluidized bed boiler burning biomass fuel, and explains in detail the design of each part of the boiler.
文摘Urban landscape engineering plays an important role in promoting regional sustainable development. With the shrinking of land resources, in order to fundamentally improve the comprehensive efficiency in the process of landscape engineering construction, it is necessary to carefully analyze the problems existing in the landscape engineering design work, and constantly improve the actual design scheme in combination with the actual construction characteristics and requirements of the project, so as to ensure the construction efficiency and construction cost of the later landscape engineering. Next, the article discusses the development status and trend of urban landscape design.
文摘This paper firstly analyzes the culture of Marquis of Haihun site and explores the cultural and creative derivatives,followed by the value of these cultural and creative derivatives of Marquis of Haihun site and the design and development path of the cultural and creative derivatives of Marquis of Haihun site for the reference of relevant scholars.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21761132021)IKERBASQUE,Basque Foundation for Science.
文摘Thirteen new fluorine-containing drugs,which have been granted approval by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)in 2020,are profiled in this review.Therapeutic areas of these new fluorinated pharmaceuticals include medicines and diagnostic agents for Cushing's disease,neurofibromatosis,migraine,Alzheimer's disease,myelodysplastic syndromes,hereditary angioedema attacks,and various cancers.Molecules of these approved drugs feature aromatic fluorine(Ar-F)(11 compounds),aromatic Ar-CF_(3)(1),aliphatic CHF(1)and CF_(2)(1)groups.For each compound,we provide a spectrum of biological activity,medicinal chemistry discovery,and synthetic approaches.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21761132021)the Qing-Lan Project of Jiangsu Province(for Han)IKERBASQUE,Basque Foundation for Science(for Soloshonok)。
文摘Nine new fluorine-containing drugs have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)in 2021,which are presented in this review article.These small molecular drugs feature aromatic fluorine,trifluoromethyl and chlorodifluoro groups.The therapeutic areas of these fluorine-containing drugs include multiple myeloma,lymphoma,HIV,chronic heart failure,chronic myeloid leukemia,(ANCA)-associated vasculitis,migraines,von Hippel-Lindau disease,and non-small cell lung cancer.The brief biological activities and the synthetic methods have been discussed in this review for each of these nine drugs.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.21761132021)the Qing-Lan Project of Jiangsu Province (for Han) and IKERBASQUE,Basque Foundation for Science (for Soloshonok)。
文摘This review profiles twelve fluorine-containing drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA) for the clinic in 2023.These small molecule drugs represent such therapeutic areas as cancer,neuromuscular disorder,immunodeficiency,virology,and infectious diseases.Medicinal chemistry discovery,biological activity,and synthetic routes have been discussed for each drug.Also,new trends in structural positioning,functionality,and degree of fluorination are discussed.Besides fluorination,the importance of amino acid residues and chirality in the design of new pharmaceuticals is highlighted.
文摘The Technical Services and the Medical Administration of the Hospitals of Trieste have been working for years to ensure the optimal functioning of the Surgery, Intensive Care, Diagnostics and Research Services offered to the Patients and to the University in an 800-bed hospital complex, transforming and innovating the buildings and support installations. We have dedicated special attention to the technologies necessary to guarantee the continuity of the power supply to the electromedical devices, increasingly numerous in highly specialized hospitals. We report the power of the generator sets and the UPS and our opinion that their power must be related to the overall consumption of the hospital, with a reserve margin.
文摘Despite the global decline in the severity of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cases,the disease stillrepresents a major concern to the relevant scientific and medical communities.The primary concern of drug scientists,virologists,and other concerned specialists in this respect is to find ready-to-use suitable and potent anticoronaviraltherapies that are broadly effective against the different species/strains of the coronaviruses in general,not only againstthe current and previous coronaviruses(e.g.,the recently-appeared severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2“SARS-CoV-2”),i.e.,effective antiviral agents for treatment and/or prophylaxis of any coronaviral infections,includingthose of the coming ones from the next species and strains(if any).As an expert in this field,I tried,in this up-to-dateperspective“viewpoint”article,to evaluate the suitability and applicability of using the currently-availableanticoronaviral agents for the next coronavirus diseases(COVIDs)and coronaviral pandemics,highlighting the mostimportant general guidelines that should be considered in the next pandemics from the therapeutic points of view.
文摘In recent years,great progress has been made in geologic evaluation,engineering test and development optimization of the Lower Cambrian Wufeng FmeLower Silurian Longmaxi Fm shale gas in the Sichuan Basin,and the main shale gas exploitation technologies have been un-derstood preliminarily.In addition,scale productivity construction has been completed in Jiaoshiba,Changning and Weiyuan blocks.In this paper,the Wufeng FmeLongmaxi Fm shale gas wells in Changning Block were taken as the study object to provide technical reference for the development design of similar shale-gas horizontal wells.The technology combining geology with engineering,dynamic with static,and statistical analysis with simulation prediction was applied to quantify the main factors controlling shale-gas well productivity,develop the shale-gas well production prediction model,and optimize the key technical parameters of geologic target of shale-gas horizontal wells in the block(e.g.roadway orientation,location and spacing,horizontal section length and gas well production index).In order to realize high productivity of shale gas wells,it is necessary to maximize the included angle between the horizontal section orientation and the maximum major stress and fracture development direction,deploy horizontal-well roadway in top-quality shale layers,and drill the horizontal section in type I reservoirs over 1000 m long.It is concluded that high productivity of shale gas wells is guaranteed by the horizontal-well wellbore integrity and the optimized low-viscosity slickwater and ceramsite fracturing technology for complex fracture creation.Based on the research results,the technical policies for shale gas development of Changning Block are prepared and a guidance and reference are provided for the shale gas development and productivity construction in the block and the development design of similar shale-gas horizontal wells.
