De novo root regeneration(DNRR) has wide applications in agriculture such as those related to cutting technology. Detached Arabidopsis thaliana leaf explants can regenerate adventitious roots without added hormones. T...De novo root regeneration(DNRR) has wide applications in agriculture such as those related to cutting technology. Detached Arabidopsis thaliana leaf explants can regenerate adventitious roots without added hormones. The regenerative ability is highly dependent on the developmental status of the leaf. An immature leaf has a higher regenerative ability, while a mature leaf is difficult to regenerate. Using RNASeq analysis, we showed that the expression levels of many genes, including those in the auxin network,changed during leaf maturation. Particularly, the expression levels of many YUCCA(YUC) genes in the auxin biosynthesis pathway are responsive to leaf maturation. Overexpression of YUC1 in the yuc-1 D dominant mutant rescued the rooting defects caused by leaf maturation. In addition, YUC4 expression levels were also affected by circadian rhythms. The regenerative ability was reduced in both immature and mature mutant leaf explants from the new wuschel-related homeobox 11-3(wox11-3) and wox12-3 mutant alleles created by the CRISPR/Cas9 method. Overall, the transcriptome and genetic data, together with the auxin concentration analysis, indicate that the ability to upregulate auxin levels upon detachment may be reduced during leaf maturation. Thus, multiple developmental and environmental signals may converge to control auxin accumulation, which affects the efficiency of the WOX11/12-mediated DNRR from leaf explants.展开更多
In the paper, members in farmer cooperatives are selected as investigation subjects. By using fuzzy synthetic evaluation methods, functions of farmer cooperatives, which include six functions as follows: providing tec...In the paper, members in farmer cooperatives are selected as investigation subjects. By using fuzzy synthetic evaluation methods, functions of farmer cooperatives, which include six functions as follows: providing technology and information, marketing, processing and transportation, standardized services, and credit services and rights protection, are analyzed. The quantitative analysis is conducted on the developmental status of the functions of farmer cooperatives. The evaluation results are taken as evidence to anticipate the problems in the development of farmer cooperatives and then countermeasures are put forward, including intensifying the construction of actual functions of farmer cooperatives; contracting diversified credit and loan services; improving comprehensive strength of farmer cooperatives and taking the path of combining professional and comprehensive developmental paths. This study improves our knowledge on the development of farmer cooperatives and provides new insights to solve the problems that arise following the development.展开更多
149 elementary school pupils were selected as the subjects for this study, to whom five tracking assessments of their verbal vocabulary knowledge were given over a period of three years. In addition, a latent variable...149 elementary school pupils were selected as the subjects for this study, to whom five tracking assessments of their verbal vocabulary knowledge were given over a period of three years. In addition, a latent variable growth model was adopted to explore grades 1-3 elementary school pupil's developmental trajectory for verbal Chinese vocabulary knowledge. The phonological awareness, homomorphic morpheme awareness, compound morpheme awareness and family socioeconomic status(SES) on the students' verbal vocabulary knowledge were also investigated. The ndings are: 1, grades 1-3 elementary school pupils verbal Chinese vocabulary knowledge developmental trajectory shows a curvilinear form, of which linear development is trended in the first two years, and as of the third year the developmental rate doubles the previous two years, whereas individual di erences are remarkable in both the initial level and the growth rate; 2, awareness of phonetics, homomorphic morphemes and complex morphemes as well as the family socioeconomic status can be referred to for a positive forecast of the students' initial level of verbal vocabulary knowledge; 3, only the awareness of homomorphic morphemes and the family socioeconomic status can be applied to a positive prediction of the students' verbal vocabulary knowledge growth rate..展开更多
Purpose: To investigate the relationship between preterm delivery and developmental outcomes in children born at 34 - 36 weeks of gestation (late preterm period). Methods: This study reviewed the cases of singleton la...Purpose: To investigate the relationship between preterm delivery and developmental outcomes in children born at 34 - 36 weeks of gestation (late preterm period). Methods: This study reviewed the cases of singleton late preterm children and full-term (38 - 40 weeks of gestation) children born at Showa University Hospital. The developmental outcomes at 3 years of age were assessed based on the results of questionnaires sent to the families by mail. In addition, the incidence of developmental delays was compared between the late preterm and full-term children. In the full-term control group, perinatal characteristics (neonatal gender, Apgar score, Cesarean delivery, birth weight < 10th percentile, birth weight < 3rd percentile) were matched with those of the late preterm cases. We compared categorical variables using Fisher’s exact test. For variables with a non-normal distribution, Welch’s t-test was applied. A p-value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The rate of return of the questionnaires was 25.9% (121) among the cases and 25.8% (163) among the controls. The frequency of developmental delays was 6.6% among the cases, compared with 4.3% among the controls. Conclusions: Matching the perinatal characteristics of the subjects, the frequency of developmental delays was similar between the two groups.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31630007, 31770399 and 21375066)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB27030103)+1 种基金the Key Research Program of CAS (QYZDB-SSWSMC010)the National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics
文摘De novo root regeneration(DNRR) has wide applications in agriculture such as those related to cutting technology. Detached Arabidopsis thaliana leaf explants can regenerate adventitious roots without added hormones. The regenerative ability is highly dependent on the developmental status of the leaf. An immature leaf has a higher regenerative ability, while a mature leaf is difficult to regenerate. Using RNASeq analysis, we showed that the expression levels of many genes, including those in the auxin network,changed during leaf maturation. Particularly, the expression levels of many YUCCA(YUC) genes in the auxin biosynthesis pathway are responsive to leaf maturation. Overexpression of YUC1 in the yuc-1 D dominant mutant rescued the rooting defects caused by leaf maturation. In addition, YUC4 expression levels were also affected by circadian rhythms. The regenerative ability was reduced in both immature and mature mutant leaf explants from the new wuschel-related homeobox 11-3(wox11-3) and wox12-3 mutant alleles created by the CRISPR/Cas9 method. Overall, the transcriptome and genetic data, together with the auxin concentration analysis, indicate that the ability to upregulate auxin levels upon detachment may be reduced during leaf maturation. Thus, multiple developmental and environmental signals may converge to control auxin accumulation, which affects the efficiency of the WOX11/12-mediated DNRR from leaf explants.
基金Supported by Humanities and Social Sciences Fund of Ministry of Education (2010-2012,09YJA790165)
文摘In the paper, members in farmer cooperatives are selected as investigation subjects. By using fuzzy synthetic evaluation methods, functions of farmer cooperatives, which include six functions as follows: providing technology and information, marketing, processing and transportation, standardized services, and credit services and rights protection, are analyzed. The quantitative analysis is conducted on the developmental status of the functions of farmer cooperatives. The evaluation results are taken as evidence to anticipate the problems in the development of farmer cooperatives and then countermeasures are put forward, including intensifying the construction of actual functions of farmer cooperatives; contracting diversified credit and loan services; improving comprehensive strength of farmer cooperatives and taking the path of combining professional and comprehensive developmental paths. This study improves our knowledge on the development of farmer cooperatives and provides new insights to solve the problems that arise following the development.
基金project No.17NDJC120YB of philosophy and social sciences under the planning of Zhejiang provincea Youth Fund research project No.16YJC190002 of humanities and social sciences under the planning of the Ministry of Educationa key research project No.13&ZD188 of the of the National Social Science Fund of China
文摘149 elementary school pupils were selected as the subjects for this study, to whom five tracking assessments of their verbal vocabulary knowledge were given over a period of three years. In addition, a latent variable growth model was adopted to explore grades 1-3 elementary school pupil's developmental trajectory for verbal Chinese vocabulary knowledge. The phonological awareness, homomorphic morpheme awareness, compound morpheme awareness and family socioeconomic status(SES) on the students' verbal vocabulary knowledge were also investigated. The ndings are: 1, grades 1-3 elementary school pupils verbal Chinese vocabulary knowledge developmental trajectory shows a curvilinear form, of which linear development is trended in the first two years, and as of the third year the developmental rate doubles the previous two years, whereas individual di erences are remarkable in both the initial level and the growth rate; 2, awareness of phonetics, homomorphic morphemes and complex morphemes as well as the family socioeconomic status can be referred to for a positive forecast of the students' initial level of verbal vocabulary knowledge; 3, only the awareness of homomorphic morphemes and the family socioeconomic status can be applied to a positive prediction of the students' verbal vocabulary knowledge growth rate..
文摘Purpose: To investigate the relationship between preterm delivery and developmental outcomes in children born at 34 - 36 weeks of gestation (late preterm period). Methods: This study reviewed the cases of singleton late preterm children and full-term (38 - 40 weeks of gestation) children born at Showa University Hospital. The developmental outcomes at 3 years of age were assessed based on the results of questionnaires sent to the families by mail. In addition, the incidence of developmental delays was compared between the late preterm and full-term children. In the full-term control group, perinatal characteristics (neonatal gender, Apgar score, Cesarean delivery, birth weight < 10th percentile, birth weight < 3rd percentile) were matched with those of the late preterm cases. We compared categorical variables using Fisher’s exact test. For variables with a non-normal distribution, Welch’s t-test was applied. A p-value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The rate of return of the questionnaires was 25.9% (121) among the cases and 25.8% (163) among the controls. The frequency of developmental delays was 6.6% among the cases, compared with 4.3% among the controls. Conclusions: Matching the perinatal characteristics of the subjects, the frequency of developmental delays was similar between the two groups.
