Based on the survey on wild plants in 21 counties( cities) in Yichun Area,89 species of 32 families of wild vegetables were collected. The species,parts,edible parts,distribution and current development and use of wil...Based on the survey on wild plants in 21 counties( cities) in Yichun Area,89 species of 32 families of wild vegetables were collected. The species,parts,edible parts,distribution and current development and use of wild vegetables in Yichun Area were expounded. Then,existing problems of wild vegetables in Yichun Area were discussed. Finally,pertinent recommendations were put forward.展开更多
In hearing physiological experiments and clinic tests,we need not only a signal processing system,but also a synchronous sound stimulator’ Most of stimulators we are now using are function generators which are indepe...In hearing physiological experiments and clinic tests,we need not only a signal processing system,but also a synchronous sound stimulator’ Most of stimulators we are now using are function generators which are independent to processing units,and can be controlled only by hand. Although some of them have ports through which they can be controlled by computer,but as they are designed for industrial aims,not for hearing research,most of them can’t generate the special waveforms we need. We use the TDT signal processing system and develop a software package have both usage. On the interface of the program we can control the sampling parameters and generate stimulating waveforms’展开更多
Many landscape plants have edible,medicinal,forage,industrial and other economic value,which has not been fully exploited.Effective development and utilization of the economic value of city landscape plant,conforms to...Many landscape plants have edible,medicinal,forage,industrial and other economic value,which has not been fully exploited.Effective development and utilization of the economic value of city landscape plant,conforms to the need of sustainable development and economical society,which is of great significance to the development of urban ecological civilization construction. In this paper,the landscape plant species in Shijiazhuang City and their economic value are investigated and analyzed,the principle and scheme of economic development and utilization of landscape plants in Shijiazhuang city value are put forward,which provides the reference for full and sustainable utilization of landscape plant resources in Shijiazhuang City.展开更多
As important means of coordinating human-land relationship and realizing optimum allocation of land resources,land consolidation plays a great role in increasing effective farmland area and realizing dynamic balance o...As important means of coordinating human-land relationship and realizing optimum allocation of land resources,land consolidation plays a great role in increasing effective farmland area and realizing dynamic balance of total farmland area. Land consolidation includes reallocation of land in space and adjustment of land relationship. This paper elaborated necessities for integrated land consolidation in Tongjiang County from project implementation,implementation situations,and implementation characteristics.展开更多
Mobile finance plays a great role in solving problems of rural finance,such as insufficient physical outlets and excessive high transaction cost. Based on the field survey data of Village A in Sichuan Province,analysi...Mobile finance plays a great role in solving problems of rural finance,such as insufficient physical outlets and excessive high transaction cost. Based on the field survey data of Village A in Sichuan Province,analysis and study were carried out on the development and use of rural mobile finance. The results indicated that the degree of use of rural mobile finance is not high. Mobile finance is mainly used in the young and the middle aged people with high educational level,engaged in non-agricultural industry,and with lower middle income. The business is single and mainly concentrated in shopping and transfer of account.展开更多
The organotypic retinal explant culture has been established for more than a decade and offers a range of unique advantages compared with in vivo experiments and cell cultures.However,the lack of systematic and contin...The organotypic retinal explant culture has been established for more than a decade and offers a range of unique advantages compared with in vivo experiments and cell cultures.However,the lack of systematic and continuous comparison between in vivo retinal development and the organotypic retinal explant culture makes this model controversial in postnatal retinal development studies.Thus,we aimed to verify the feasibility of using this model for postnatal retinal development studies by comparing it with the in vivo retina.In this study,we showed that postnatal retinal explants undergo normal development,and exhibit a consistent structure and timeline with retinas in vivo.Initially,we used SOX2 and PAX6 immunostaining to identify retinal progenitor cells.We then examined cell proliferation and migration by immunostaining with Ki-67 and doublecortin,respectively.Ki-67-and doublecortin-positive cells decreased in both in vivo and explants during postnatal retinogenesis,and exhibited a high degree of similarity in abundance and distribution between groups.Additionally,we used Ceh-10 homeodomain-containing homolog,glutamate-ammonia ligase(glutamine synthetase),neuronal nuclei,and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 immunostaining to examine the emergence of bipolar cells,Müller glia,mature neurons,and microglia,respectively.The timing and spatial patterns of the emergence of these cell types were remarkably consistent between in vivo and explant retinas.Our study showed that the organotypic retinal explant culture model had a high degree of consistency with the progression of in vivo early postnatal retina development.The findings confirm the accuracy and credibility of this model and support its use for long-term,systematic,and continuous observation.展开更多
Macrophages in the brain barrier system include microglia in the brain parenchyma,border-associated macrophages at the brain’s borders,and recruited macrophages.They are responsible for neural development,maintenance...Macrophages in the brain barrier system include microglia in the brain parenchyma,border-associated macrophages at the brain’s borders,and recruited macrophages.They are responsible for neural development,maintenance of homeostasis,and orchestrating immune responses.With the rapid exploitation and development of new technologies,there is a deeper understanding of macrophages in the brain barrier system.Here we review the origin,development,important molecules,and functions of macrophages,mainly focusing on microglia and border-associated macrophages.We also highlight some advances in single-cell sequencing and significant cell markers.We anticipate that more advanced methods will emerge to study resident and recruited macrophages in the future,opening new horizons for neuroimmunology and related peripheral immune fields.展开更多
The mechanistic target of rapamycin(m TOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a pivotal role in cellular growth, proliferation, survival, and metabolism. In the central nervous system(CNS), the mTOR pathway regul...The mechanistic target of rapamycin(m TOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a pivotal role in cellular growth, proliferation, survival, and metabolism. In the central nervous system(CNS), the mTOR pathway regulates diverse aspects of neural development and function. Genetic mutations within the m TOR pathway lead to severe neurodevelopmental disorders, collectively known as “mTORopathies”(Crino, 2020). Dysfunctions of m TOR, including both its hyperactivation and hypoactivation, have also been implicated in a wide spectrum of other neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative conditions, highlighting its importance in CNS health.展开更多
Neurodevelopmental processes represent a finely tuned interplay between genetic and environmental factors,shaping the dynamic landscape of the developing brain.A major component of the developing brain that enables th...Neurodevelopmental processes represent a finely tuned interplay between genetic and environmental factors,shaping the dynamic landscape of the developing brain.A major component of the developing brain that enables this dynamic is the white matter(WM),known to be affected in neurodevelopmental disorders(NDDs)(Rokach et al.,2024).WM formation is mediated by myelination,a multifactorial process driven by neuro-glia interactions dependent on proper neuronal functionality(Simons and Trajkovic,2006).Another key aspect of neurodevelopmental abnormalities involves neuronal dynamics and function,with recent advances significantly enhancing our understanding of both neuronal and glial mitochondrial function(Devine and Kittler,2018;Rojas-Charry et al.,2021).Energy homeostasis in neurons,attributed largely to mitochondrial function,is critical for proper functionality and interactions with oligodendrocytes(OLs),the cells forming myelin in the brain’s WM.We herein discuss the interplay between these processes and speculate on potential dysfunction in NDDs.展开更多
Motor neuron diseases are sporadic or inherited fatal neurodegenerative conditions.They selectively affect the upper and/or lower motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord and feature a slow onset and a subacute cour...Motor neuron diseases are sporadic or inherited fatal neurodegenerative conditions.They selectively affect the upper and/or lower motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord and feature a slow onset and a subacute course contingent upon the site of damage.The main types include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,progressive muscular atrophy,primary lateral sclerosis,and progressive bulbar palsy,the pathological processes of which are largely identical,with the main disparity lying in the location of the lesions.Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is the representative condition in this group of diseases,while other types are its variants.Hence,this article mainly focuses on the advancements and challenges in drug research for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis but also briefly addresses several other important degenerative motor neuron diseases.Although the precise pathogenesis remains elusive,recent advancements have shed light on various theories,including gene mutation,excitatory amino acid toxicity,autoimmunology,and neurotrophic factors.The US Food and Drug Administration has approved four drugs for use in delaying the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:riluzole,edaravone,AMX0035,and tofersen,with the latter being the most recent to receive approval.However,following several phaseⅢtrials that failed to yield favorable outcomes,AMX0035 has been voluntarily withdrawn from both the US and Canadian markets.This article presents a comprehensive summary of drug trials primarily completed between January 1,2023,and June 30,2024,based on data sourced from clinicaltrials.gov.Among these trials,five are currently in phaseⅠ,seventeen are in phaseⅡ,and eleven are undergoing phaseⅢevaluation.Notably,24 clinical trials are now investigating potential disease-modifying therapy drugs,accounting for the majority of the drugs included in this review.Some promising drugs being investigated in preclinical studies,such as ATH-1105,are included in our analysis,and another review in frontiers in gene therapy and immunotherapy has demonstrated their therapeutic potential for motor neuron diseases.This article was written to be an overview of research trends and treatment prospects related to motor neuron disease drugs,with the aim of highlighting the latest potentialities for clinical therapy.展开更多
The rapid urbanization and increasing challenges are faced by cities globally,including climate change,population growth,and resource constraints.Sustainable smart city(also referred to as“smart sustainable city”)ca...The rapid urbanization and increasing challenges are faced by cities globally,including climate change,population growth,and resource constraints.Sustainable smart city(also referred to as“smart sustainable city”)can offer innovative solutions by integrating advanced technologies to build smarter,greener,and more livable urban environments with significant benefits.Using the Web of Science(WoS)database,this study examined:(i)the mainstream approaches and current research trends in the literature of sustainable smart city;(ii)the extent to which the research of sustainable smart city aligns with Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs);(iii)the current topics and collaboration patterns in sustainable smart city research;and(iv)the potential opportunities for future research on the sustainable smart city field.The findings indicated that research on sustainable smart city began in 2010 and gained significant momentum in 2013,with China leading,followed by Italy and Spain.Moreover,59.00%of the selected publications on the research of sustainable smart city focus on SDG 11(Sustainable Cities and Communities).Bibliometric analysis outcome revealed that artificial intelligence(AI),big data,machine learning,and deep learning are emerging research fields.The terms smart city,smart cities,and sustainability emerged as the top three co-occurring keywords with the highest link strength,followed by frequently co-occurring keywords such as AI,innovation,big data,urban governance,resilience,machine learning,and Internet of Things(IoT).The clustering results indicated that current studies explored the theoretical foundation,challenges,and future prospects of sustainable smart city,with an emphasis on sustainability.To further support urban sustainability and the attainment of SDGs,the future research of sustainable smart city should explore the application and implications of AI and big data on urban development including cybersecurity and governance challenges.展开更多
In the area of reservoir engineering,the optimization of oil and gas production is a complex task involving a myriad of interconnected decision variables shaping the production system's infrastructure.Traditionall...In the area of reservoir engineering,the optimization of oil and gas production is a complex task involving a myriad of interconnected decision variables shaping the production system's infrastructure.Traditionally,this optimization process was centered on a single objective,such as net present value,return on investment,cumulative oil production,or cumulative water production.However,the inherent complexity of reservoir exploration necessitates a departure from this single-objective approach.Mul-tiple conflicting production and economic indicators must now be considered to enable more precise and robust decision-making.In response to this challenge,researchers have embarked on a journey to explore field development optimization of multiple conflicting criteria,employing the formidable tools of multi-objective optimization algorithms.These algorithms delve into the intricate terrain of production strategy design,seeking to strike a delicate balance between the often-contrasting objectives.Over the years,a plethora of these algorithms have emerged,ranging from a priori methods to a posteriori approach,each offering unique insights and capabilities.This survey endeavors to encapsulate,catego-rize,and scrutinize these invaluable contributions to field development optimization,which grapple with the complexities of multiple conflicting objective functions.Beyond the overview of existing methodologies,we delve into the persisting challenges faced by researchers and practitioners alike.Notably,the application of multi-objective optimization techniques to production optimization is hin-dered by the resource-intensive nature of reservoir simulation,especially when confronted with inherent uncertainties.As a result of this survey,emerging opportunities have been identified that will serve as catalysts for pivotal research endeavors in the future.As intelligent and more efficient algo-rithms continue to evolve,the potential for addressing hitherto insurmountable field development optimization obstacles becomes increasingly viable.This discussion on future prospects aims to inspire critical research,guiding the way toward innovative solutions in the ever-evolving landscape of oil and gas production optimization.展开更多
Phenanthrene(Phe)is one of the common polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the environment,and recent studies show that it can cause cardiac developmental toxicity and immunotoxicity.However,it is still unknown whether...Phenanthrene(Phe)is one of the common polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the environment,and recent studies show that it can cause cardiac developmental toxicity and immunotoxicity.However,it is still unknown whether it can affect the hematopoietic development in aquatic organisms.To address this question,zebrafish(Danio rerio)were chronically exposed to Phe at different concentrations.We found that Phe caused structural damage to the renal tubules in the kidney,induced malformed erythrocytes in peripheral blood,and decreased the proportion of myeloid cells in adult zebrafish,suggesting possible negative impacts that Phe posed to hematopoietic development.Then,using in situ hybridization technology,we found that Phe decreased the expression of primitive hematopoietic marker genes,specifically gata1 and pu.1,accompanied by an obstruction of primitive erythrocyte circulation.Furthermore,Phe impaired definitive hematopoiesis,increased aberrations of the transient hematopoietic site(PBI),and reduced the generation of hematopoietic stem cells,ultimately influencing the number of erythrocytes and myeloid cells.The findings suggested that Phe could induce hematopoietic toxicity in zebrafish embryos and pose unknown ecological risks.展开更多
Background:People working outdoors in the Map Ta Phut pollution control area of Thailand require comprehen-sive health monitoring.In the past,studies have been done on the health effects of pollutants.However,there ar...Background:People working outdoors in the Map Ta Phut pollution control area of Thailand require comprehen-sive health monitoring.In the past,studies have been done on the health effects of pollutants.However,there are few studies on musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs),and Thailand is struggling to meet the Sustainable Development Goals.Methods:This cross-sectional study examines access to health services and factors affecting MSDs among outdoor pollution workers(OPWs).The sample group includes OPWs,including local fisherman,street vendors,public car drivers,and traffic police.We studied 50 people from each of these groups,for a total of 200 people.Data were analyzed with inferential statistics using Chi-square test,McNemar test,and Univariate logistic regression.Results:The OPWs reported experiencing significantly more total MSDs pain than they did in the past(P<0.05).Factors affecting current MSDs pain,including occupation and working days per week,were significant(P<0.05).The street vendor group and public car driver group had(odds ratio[OR]=2.253,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.101 to 5.019)and(OR=2.681,95%CI:1.191 to 6.032)times higher risks of MSDs pain,respectively.OPWs who work>5 days per week had a(OR=1.464,95%CI:1.093 to 2.704)times higher risk of MSDs pain.52.7%of OPWs with MSDs,pain(n=110)had received an annual health check-up.In the past year,50.9%had minor illnesses and 21.8%had severe illnesses.OPWs receiving free treatment and visiting health service stations for no cost comprised 77.3%and 51.8%,respectively.60.9%used their right to receive treatment with universal health insurance cards.Conclusions:The study indicates that occupational groups with MSDs pain problems should exercise this right,according to the worker protection law.Local health agencies should organize activities or create accessible media to promote preventive medicine services,as many OPWs believe that health services can only be accessed when illness occurs.展开更多
The research and development of new traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)drugs have progressively established a novel system founded on the integration of TCM theory,human experience,and clinical trials(termed the“Three ...The research and development of new traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)drugs have progressively established a novel system founded on the integration of TCM theory,human experience,and clinical trials(termed the“Three Combinations”).However,considering TCM's distinctive features of“syndrome differentiation and treatment”and“multicomponent formulations and complex mechanisms”,current TCM drug development faces challenges such as insufficient understanding of the material basis and the overall mechanism of action and an incomplete evidence chain system.Moreover,significant obstacles persist in gathering human experience data,evaluating clinical efficacy,and controlling the quality of active ingredients,which impede the innovation process in TCM drug development.Network pharmacology,centered on the“network targets”theory,transcends the limitations of the conventional“single target”reductionist research model.It emphasizes the comprehensive effects of disease or syndrome biological networks as targets to elucidate the overall regulatory mechanism of TCM prescriptions.This approach aligns with the holistic perspective of TCM,offering a novel method consistent with TCM's holistic view for investigating the complex mechanisms of TCM and developing new TCM drugs.It is internationally recognized as a“next-generation drug research model”.To advance the research of new tools,methods,and standards for TCM evaluation and to overcome fundamental,critical,and cutting-edge technical challenges in TCM regulation,this consensus aims to explore the characteristics,progress,challenges,applicable pathways,and specific applications of network pharmacology as a new theory,method,and tool in TCM drug development.The goal is to enhance the quality of TCM drug research and development and accelerate the efficiency of developing new TCM products.展开更多
Purpose–This study summarizes the overall situation of the resources of the national science and technology innovation platform in the railway industry,including the distribution of platform types,supporting institut...Purpose–This study summarizes the overall situation of the resources of the national science and technology innovation platform in the railway industry,including the distribution of platform types,supporting institutions,construction sites,professional fields,etc.,to provide a reference for the further improvement and optimization of the national science and technology innovation platform system in the railway industry.Design/methodology/approach–Through literature review,field investigation,expert consultation and other methods,this paper systematically investigates and analyzes the development status of the national science and technology innovation platform in the railway industry.Findings–Taking the national science and technology innovation platform of the railway industry as the research object,this paper investigates and analyzes the construction,development and distribution of the national science and technology innovation platform of railway industry over the years.And the National Engineering Research Center of High-speed Railway and Urban Rail Transit System Technology was taken as an example to introduce its operation effect.Originality/value–China Railway has made great development achievements,with the construction and development of national science and technology innovation platform in the railway industry.In recent years,a large number of national science and technology innovation platforms have been built in the railway industry,which play an important role in railway technological innovation,standard setting and commodification,and Railway Sciences provide strong support for railway technology development.展开更多
Since arriving in Singapore in 1993,William Yang,a visiting professor at the National University of Singapore(NUS),has spent over three decades immersed in the city-state’s vibrant landscape.Throughout these 32 years...Since arriving in Singapore in 1993,William Yang,a visiting professor at the National University of Singapore(NUS),has spent over three decades immersed in the city-state’s vibrant landscape.Throughout these 32 years,he has not only witnessed but also actively contributed to the flourishing friendship and dynamic cooperation between China and Singapore.“I was deeply struck when I first arrived in Singapore,”recalled Yang.“This country was ahead of China in terms of material living standards,economic development,and international outlook.”He describes this period as a“journey of learning.”展开更多
As decarbonization pressure on traditional fossil fuel-related industries gradually intensifies,CCUS has been increasingly incorporated into energy transition strategies by various oil companies.From a development opp...As decarbonization pressure on traditional fossil fuel-related industries gradually intensifies,CCUS has been increasingly incorporated into energy transition strategies by various oil companies.From a development opportunity perspective,oil companies possess four key advantages in developing the CCUS industry:exploration and development technology advantages;geological resource advantages;capital advantages;source-sink matching advantages.In terms of challenges,oil companies face numerous issues in developing the CCUS industry,including technological development,economic viability,and policy and legal aspects.At the national level,China’s oil companies should advocate for improving and optimizing relevant laws and regulations,enhancing the policy support system,incorporating CCUS into the carbon trading market,and strengthening top-level design and medium-to long-term planning;at the enterprise level,they should continuously advance full industrial chain technologies and reduce CCUS project operating costs,selectively participate in industrial segments that suit their capabilities,strengthen CCUS full industrial chain operational capabilities,and enhance talent development and strengthen international exchange and cooperation.展开更多
Based on the requirements of local high-quality economic development and addressing the critical task of transformation and upgrading in the tea industry,this paper systematically discusses the necessity and feasibili...Based on the requirements of local high-quality economic development and addressing the critical task of transformation and upgrading in the tea industry,this paper systematically discusses the necessity and feasibility of constructing an optimal industrialization operation system driven by the dual wheels of"branding+standardization".The article first clarifies the connotation of high-quality development and the synergistic mechanism between branding and standardization.It then analyzes the current situation and bottlenecks of China's tea industry development.Subsequently,it proposes a dual-wheel drive strategy where branding enhances value and standardization guarantees quality,and designs a systematic implementation plan involving industrial chain synergy optimization and integrated support from government,industry,academia,research,and application.On this basis,strategies and suggestions are proposed,encompassing the starting point,standard focal points,key effort areas,innovation points,and target achievement points.The aim is to promote the tea industry to break through homogeneous competition,achieve value ascent,and provide important industrial support for regional high-quality development through the construction of the aforementioned system.展开更多
This paper focuses on Guizhou's health and wellness industry and rural revitalization,delving deeply into their foundational theories,historical evolution,current status,technological progress,future prospects,and...This paper focuses on Guizhou's health and wellness industry and rural revitalization,delving deeply into their foundational theories,historical evolution,current status,technological progress,future prospects,and points of contention.Through a comprehensive analysis of relevant references,it elaborates on the definition of the health and wellness industry and Guizhou's geographical advantages,reviews the background and implementation pathways of the rural revitalization strategy,and analyzes the mechanism for their synergistic development.It reviews the respective development trajectories of Guizhou's health and wellness industry and rural revitalization,as well as their integration process,analyzes the current status and market demand,the challenges faced,and the status of their integration.It explores the application of technological innovations,strategies for technology empowerment,and cases of technology integration,forecasts future development trends,plans,and paths for integrated development,and discusses contentious points such as benefit distribution,environmental protection,and policy coordination,aiming to provide comprehensive theoretical and practical references for the further development of Guizhou's health and wellness industry and rural revitalization.展开更多
文摘Based on the survey on wild plants in 21 counties( cities) in Yichun Area,89 species of 32 families of wild vegetables were collected. The species,parts,edible parts,distribution and current development and use of wild vegetables in Yichun Area were expounded. Then,existing problems of wild vegetables in Yichun Area were discussed. Finally,pertinent recommendations were put forward.
文摘In hearing physiological experiments and clinic tests,we need not only a signal processing system,but also a synchronous sound stimulator’ Most of stimulators we are now using are function generators which are independent to processing units,and can be controlled only by hand. Although some of them have ports through which they can be controlled by computer,but as they are designed for industrial aims,not for hearing research,most of them can’t generate the special waveforms we need. We use the TDT signal processing system and develop a software package have both usage. On the interface of the program we can control the sampling parameters and generate stimulating waveforms’
基金Supported by Funds for the Development of Key Disciplines in Hebei UniversitiesUniversity-level Platform Research Project of Shijiazhuang University in 2013(XJPT011)
文摘Many landscape plants have edible,medicinal,forage,industrial and other economic value,which has not been fully exploited.Effective development and utilization of the economic value of city landscape plant,conforms to the need of sustainable development and economical society,which is of great significance to the development of urban ecological civilization construction. In this paper,the landscape plant species in Shijiazhuang City and their economic value are investigated and analyzed,the principle and scheme of economic development and utilization of landscape plants in Shijiazhuang city value are put forward,which provides the reference for full and sustainable utilization of landscape plant resources in Shijiazhuang City.
文摘As important means of coordinating human-land relationship and realizing optimum allocation of land resources,land consolidation plays a great role in increasing effective farmland area and realizing dynamic balance of total farmland area. Land consolidation includes reallocation of land in space and adjustment of land relationship. This paper elaborated necessities for integrated land consolidation in Tongjiang County from project implementation,implementation situations,and implementation characteristics.
基金Supported by the Innovation Project for College Young Teachers in Tibet Autonomous Region(QC2015-31)
文摘Mobile finance plays a great role in solving problems of rural finance,such as insufficient physical outlets and excessive high transaction cost. Based on the field survey data of Village A in Sichuan Province,analysis and study were carried out on the development and use of rural mobile finance. The results indicated that the degree of use of rural mobile finance is not high. Mobile finance is mainly used in the young and the middle aged people with high educational level,engaged in non-agricultural industry,and with lower middle income. The business is single and mainly concentrated in shopping and transfer of account.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81901156(to ZZ),82271200(to ZZ),82171308(to XC)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,No.xzy012022035(to ZZ)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,Nos.2021JM-261(to QK),2023-YBSF-303(to ZZ)Traditional Chinese Medicine Project of Shaanxi Province,No.2019-ZZ-JC047(to QK)。
文摘The organotypic retinal explant culture has been established for more than a decade and offers a range of unique advantages compared with in vivo experiments and cell cultures.However,the lack of systematic and continuous comparison between in vivo retinal development and the organotypic retinal explant culture makes this model controversial in postnatal retinal development studies.Thus,we aimed to verify the feasibility of using this model for postnatal retinal development studies by comparing it with the in vivo retina.In this study,we showed that postnatal retinal explants undergo normal development,and exhibit a consistent structure and timeline with retinas in vivo.Initially,we used SOX2 and PAX6 immunostaining to identify retinal progenitor cells.We then examined cell proliferation and migration by immunostaining with Ki-67 and doublecortin,respectively.Ki-67-and doublecortin-positive cells decreased in both in vivo and explants during postnatal retinogenesis,and exhibited a high degree of similarity in abundance and distribution between groups.Additionally,we used Ceh-10 homeodomain-containing homolog,glutamate-ammonia ligase(glutamine synthetase),neuronal nuclei,and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 immunostaining to examine the emergence of bipolar cells,Müller glia,mature neurons,and microglia,respectively.The timing and spatial patterns of the emergence of these cell types were remarkably consistent between in vivo and explant retinas.Our study showed that the organotypic retinal explant culture model had a high degree of consistency with the progression of in vivo early postnatal retina development.The findings confirm the accuracy and credibility of this model and support its use for long-term,systematic,and continuous observation.
基金supported by Ministry of Science and Technology China Brain Initiative Grant,No.2022ZD0204702(to ZY)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82371357(to LC)+2 种基金Foundation for Military Medicine,No.16QNP085(to ZY)Navy Medical University Basic Medical College“Yi Zhang”Basic Medical Talent Development and Support Program,Nos.JCYZRC-D-022(to TC)and JCYZRC-D-024(to HD)Science and Technology Innovation Special Fund of Shanghai Baoshan District,No.2023-E-05(to YW).
文摘Macrophages in the brain barrier system include microglia in the brain parenchyma,border-associated macrophages at the brain’s borders,and recruited macrophages.They are responsible for neural development,maintenance of homeostasis,and orchestrating immune responses.With the rapid exploitation and development of new technologies,there is a deeper understanding of macrophages in the brain barrier system.Here we review the origin,development,important molecules,and functions of macrophages,mainly focusing on microglia and border-associated macrophages.We also highlight some advances in single-cell sequencing and significant cell markers.We anticipate that more advanced methods will emerge to study resident and recruited macrophages in the future,opening new horizons for neuroimmunology and related peripheral immune fields.
基金supported by grants from Simons Foundation (SFARI 479754),CIHR (PJT-180565)the Scottish Rite Charitable Foundation of Canada (to YL)funding from the Canada Research Chairs program。
文摘The mechanistic target of rapamycin(m TOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a pivotal role in cellular growth, proliferation, survival, and metabolism. In the central nervous system(CNS), the mTOR pathway regulates diverse aspects of neural development and function. Genetic mutations within the m TOR pathway lead to severe neurodevelopmental disorders, collectively known as “mTORopathies”(Crino, 2020). Dysfunctions of m TOR, including both its hyperactivation and hypoactivation, have also been implicated in a wide spectrum of other neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative conditions, highlighting its importance in CNS health.
文摘Neurodevelopmental processes represent a finely tuned interplay between genetic and environmental factors,shaping the dynamic landscape of the developing brain.A major component of the developing brain that enables this dynamic is the white matter(WM),known to be affected in neurodevelopmental disorders(NDDs)(Rokach et al.,2024).WM formation is mediated by myelination,a multifactorial process driven by neuro-glia interactions dependent on proper neuronal functionality(Simons and Trajkovic,2006).Another key aspect of neurodevelopmental abnormalities involves neuronal dynamics and function,with recent advances significantly enhancing our understanding of both neuronal and glial mitochondrial function(Devine and Kittler,2018;Rojas-Charry et al.,2021).Energy homeostasis in neurons,attributed largely to mitochondrial function,is critical for proper functionality and interactions with oligodendrocytes(OLs),the cells forming myelin in the brain’s WM.We herein discuss the interplay between these processes and speculate on potential dysfunction in NDDs.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2022YFC2703101(to YC)the National Natural Science Fundation of China,No.82371422(to YC)+1 种基金the National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students,No.202310611408(to XW)the 1·3·5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence Clinical Research Fund,West China Hospital,Sichuan University,No.2023HXFH032(to YC)。
文摘Motor neuron diseases are sporadic or inherited fatal neurodegenerative conditions.They selectively affect the upper and/or lower motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord and feature a slow onset and a subacute course contingent upon the site of damage.The main types include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,progressive muscular atrophy,primary lateral sclerosis,and progressive bulbar palsy,the pathological processes of which are largely identical,with the main disparity lying in the location of the lesions.Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is the representative condition in this group of diseases,while other types are its variants.Hence,this article mainly focuses on the advancements and challenges in drug research for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis but also briefly addresses several other important degenerative motor neuron diseases.Although the precise pathogenesis remains elusive,recent advancements have shed light on various theories,including gene mutation,excitatory amino acid toxicity,autoimmunology,and neurotrophic factors.The US Food and Drug Administration has approved four drugs for use in delaying the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:riluzole,edaravone,AMX0035,and tofersen,with the latter being the most recent to receive approval.However,following several phaseⅢtrials that failed to yield favorable outcomes,AMX0035 has been voluntarily withdrawn from both the US and Canadian markets.This article presents a comprehensive summary of drug trials primarily completed between January 1,2023,and June 30,2024,based on data sourced from clinicaltrials.gov.Among these trials,five are currently in phaseⅠ,seventeen are in phaseⅡ,and eleven are undergoing phaseⅢevaluation.Notably,24 clinical trials are now investigating potential disease-modifying therapy drugs,accounting for the majority of the drugs included in this review.Some promising drugs being investigated in preclinical studies,such as ATH-1105,are included in our analysis,and another review in frontiers in gene therapy and immunotherapy has demonstrated their therapeutic potential for motor neuron diseases.This article was written to be an overview of research trends and treatment prospects related to motor neuron disease drugs,with the aim of highlighting the latest potentialities for clinical therapy.
文摘The rapid urbanization and increasing challenges are faced by cities globally,including climate change,population growth,and resource constraints.Sustainable smart city(also referred to as“smart sustainable city”)can offer innovative solutions by integrating advanced technologies to build smarter,greener,and more livable urban environments with significant benefits.Using the Web of Science(WoS)database,this study examined:(i)the mainstream approaches and current research trends in the literature of sustainable smart city;(ii)the extent to which the research of sustainable smart city aligns with Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs);(iii)the current topics and collaboration patterns in sustainable smart city research;and(iv)the potential opportunities for future research on the sustainable smart city field.The findings indicated that research on sustainable smart city began in 2010 and gained significant momentum in 2013,with China leading,followed by Italy and Spain.Moreover,59.00%of the selected publications on the research of sustainable smart city focus on SDG 11(Sustainable Cities and Communities).Bibliometric analysis outcome revealed that artificial intelligence(AI),big data,machine learning,and deep learning are emerging research fields.The terms smart city,smart cities,and sustainability emerged as the top three co-occurring keywords with the highest link strength,followed by frequently co-occurring keywords such as AI,innovation,big data,urban governance,resilience,machine learning,and Internet of Things(IoT).The clustering results indicated that current studies explored the theoretical foundation,challenges,and future prospects of sustainable smart city,with an emphasis on sustainability.To further support urban sustainability and the attainment of SDGs,the future research of sustainable smart city should explore the application and implications of AI and big data on urban development including cybersecurity and governance challenges.
基金the support of EPIC - Energy Production Innovation Center, hosted by the University of Campinas (UNICAMP) and sponsored by Equinor Brazil and FAPESP - Sao Paulo Research Foundation (2021/04878- 7 and 2017/15736-3)financed in part by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Brasil (CAPES) - Financing Code 001
文摘In the area of reservoir engineering,the optimization of oil and gas production is a complex task involving a myriad of interconnected decision variables shaping the production system's infrastructure.Traditionally,this optimization process was centered on a single objective,such as net present value,return on investment,cumulative oil production,or cumulative water production.However,the inherent complexity of reservoir exploration necessitates a departure from this single-objective approach.Mul-tiple conflicting production and economic indicators must now be considered to enable more precise and robust decision-making.In response to this challenge,researchers have embarked on a journey to explore field development optimization of multiple conflicting criteria,employing the formidable tools of multi-objective optimization algorithms.These algorithms delve into the intricate terrain of production strategy design,seeking to strike a delicate balance between the often-contrasting objectives.Over the years,a plethora of these algorithms have emerged,ranging from a priori methods to a posteriori approach,each offering unique insights and capabilities.This survey endeavors to encapsulate,catego-rize,and scrutinize these invaluable contributions to field development optimization,which grapple with the complexities of multiple conflicting objective functions.Beyond the overview of existing methodologies,we delve into the persisting challenges faced by researchers and practitioners alike.Notably,the application of multi-objective optimization techniques to production optimization is hin-dered by the resource-intensive nature of reservoir simulation,especially when confronted with inherent uncertainties.As a result of this survey,emerging opportunities have been identified that will serve as catalysts for pivotal research endeavors in the future.As intelligent and more efficient algo-rithms continue to evolve,the potential for addressing hitherto insurmountable field development optimization obstacles becomes increasingly viable.This discussion on future prospects aims to inspire critical research,guiding the way toward innovative solutions in the ever-evolving landscape of oil and gas production optimization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22276117 and 22076108)the Science and Technology Innovation Talent Team Project of Shanxi Province(No.202204051002024).
文摘Phenanthrene(Phe)is one of the common polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the environment,and recent studies show that it can cause cardiac developmental toxicity and immunotoxicity.However,it is still unknown whether it can affect the hematopoietic development in aquatic organisms.To address this question,zebrafish(Danio rerio)were chronically exposed to Phe at different concentrations.We found that Phe caused structural damage to the renal tubules in the kidney,induced malformed erythrocytes in peripheral blood,and decreased the proportion of myeloid cells in adult zebrafish,suggesting possible negative impacts that Phe posed to hematopoietic development.Then,using in situ hybridization technology,we found that Phe decreased the expression of primitive hematopoietic marker genes,specifically gata1 and pu.1,accompanied by an obstruction of primitive erythrocyte circulation.Furthermore,Phe impaired definitive hematopoiesis,increased aberrations of the transient hematopoietic site(PBI),and reduced the generation of hematopoietic stem cells,ultimately influencing the number of erythrocytes and myeloid cells.The findings suggested that Phe could induce hematopoietic toxicity in zebrafish embryos and pose unknown ecological risks.
基金grant Fundamental Fund of National Science Research and Innovation Fund(NSRF)via Burapha University of Thailand(Grant number 52/2024).
文摘Background:People working outdoors in the Map Ta Phut pollution control area of Thailand require comprehen-sive health monitoring.In the past,studies have been done on the health effects of pollutants.However,there are few studies on musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs),and Thailand is struggling to meet the Sustainable Development Goals.Methods:This cross-sectional study examines access to health services and factors affecting MSDs among outdoor pollution workers(OPWs).The sample group includes OPWs,including local fisherman,street vendors,public car drivers,and traffic police.We studied 50 people from each of these groups,for a total of 200 people.Data were analyzed with inferential statistics using Chi-square test,McNemar test,and Univariate logistic regression.Results:The OPWs reported experiencing significantly more total MSDs pain than they did in the past(P<0.05).Factors affecting current MSDs pain,including occupation and working days per week,were significant(P<0.05).The street vendor group and public car driver group had(odds ratio[OR]=2.253,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.101 to 5.019)and(OR=2.681,95%CI:1.191 to 6.032)times higher risks of MSDs pain,respectively.OPWs who work>5 days per week had a(OR=1.464,95%CI:1.093 to 2.704)times higher risk of MSDs pain.52.7%of OPWs with MSDs,pain(n=110)had received an annual health check-up.In the past year,50.9%had minor illnesses and 21.8%had severe illnesses.OPWs receiving free treatment and visiting health service stations for no cost comprised 77.3%and 51.8%,respectively.60.9%used their right to receive treatment with universal health insurance cards.Conclusions:The study indicates that occupational groups with MSDs pain problems should exercise this right,according to the worker protection law.Local health agencies should organize activities or create accessible media to promote preventive medicine services,as many OPWs believe that health services can only be accessed when illness occurs.
基金supported by the National Medical Products Administration Commissioned Research Project (No.20211440216)the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project (No.GZY-KJS-2024-03)+3 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science Project (No.2023SKLDRS0104)the Basic Research Program Natural Science Fund-Frontier Leading Technology Basic Research Special Project of Jiangsu Province (No.BK20232014)the Programs Foundation for Leading Talents in National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China“Qihuang scholars”Projectthe Tianjin Administration for Market Regulation Science and Technology Key Projects (No.2022-W35)。
文摘The research and development of new traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)drugs have progressively established a novel system founded on the integration of TCM theory,human experience,and clinical trials(termed the“Three Combinations”).However,considering TCM's distinctive features of“syndrome differentiation and treatment”and“multicomponent formulations and complex mechanisms”,current TCM drug development faces challenges such as insufficient understanding of the material basis and the overall mechanism of action and an incomplete evidence chain system.Moreover,significant obstacles persist in gathering human experience data,evaluating clinical efficacy,and controlling the quality of active ingredients,which impede the innovation process in TCM drug development.Network pharmacology,centered on the“network targets”theory,transcends the limitations of the conventional“single target”reductionist research model.It emphasizes the comprehensive effects of disease or syndrome biological networks as targets to elucidate the overall regulatory mechanism of TCM prescriptions.This approach aligns with the holistic perspective of TCM,offering a novel method consistent with TCM's holistic view for investigating the complex mechanisms of TCM and developing new TCM drugs.It is internationally recognized as a“next-generation drug research model”.To advance the research of new tools,methods,and standards for TCM evaluation and to overcome fundamental,critical,and cutting-edge technical challenges in TCM regulation,this consensus aims to explore the characteristics,progress,challenges,applicable pathways,and specific applications of network pharmacology as a new theory,method,and tool in TCM drug development.The goal is to enhance the quality of TCM drug research and development and accelerate the efficiency of developing new TCM products.
文摘Purpose–This study summarizes the overall situation of the resources of the national science and technology innovation platform in the railway industry,including the distribution of platform types,supporting institutions,construction sites,professional fields,etc.,to provide a reference for the further improvement and optimization of the national science and technology innovation platform system in the railway industry.Design/methodology/approach–Through literature review,field investigation,expert consultation and other methods,this paper systematically investigates and analyzes the development status of the national science and technology innovation platform in the railway industry.Findings–Taking the national science and technology innovation platform of the railway industry as the research object,this paper investigates and analyzes the construction,development and distribution of the national science and technology innovation platform of railway industry over the years.And the National Engineering Research Center of High-speed Railway and Urban Rail Transit System Technology was taken as an example to introduce its operation effect.Originality/value–China Railway has made great development achievements,with the construction and development of national science and technology innovation platform in the railway industry.In recent years,a large number of national science and technology innovation platforms have been built in the railway industry,which play an important role in railway technological innovation,standard setting and commodification,and Railway Sciences provide strong support for railway technology development.
文摘Since arriving in Singapore in 1993,William Yang,a visiting professor at the National University of Singapore(NUS),has spent over three decades immersed in the city-state’s vibrant landscape.Throughout these 32 years,he has not only witnessed but also actively contributed to the flourishing friendship and dynamic cooperation between China and Singapore.“I was deeply struck when I first arrived in Singapore,”recalled Yang.“This country was ahead of China in terms of material living standards,economic development,and international outlook.”He describes this period as a“journey of learning.”
文摘As decarbonization pressure on traditional fossil fuel-related industries gradually intensifies,CCUS has been increasingly incorporated into energy transition strategies by various oil companies.From a development opportunity perspective,oil companies possess four key advantages in developing the CCUS industry:exploration and development technology advantages;geological resource advantages;capital advantages;source-sink matching advantages.In terms of challenges,oil companies face numerous issues in developing the CCUS industry,including technological development,economic viability,and policy and legal aspects.At the national level,China’s oil companies should advocate for improving and optimizing relevant laws and regulations,enhancing the policy support system,incorporating CCUS into the carbon trading market,and strengthening top-level design and medium-to long-term planning;at the enterprise level,they should continuously advance full industrial chain technologies and reduce CCUS project operating costs,selectively participate in industrial segments that suit their capabilities,strengthen CCUS full industrial chain operational capabilities,and enhance talent development and strengthen international exchange and cooperation.
基金Supported by General Project of Philosophy and Social Sciences Research in Universities of Jiangsu Province,2024(2024SJYB1650).
文摘Based on the requirements of local high-quality economic development and addressing the critical task of transformation and upgrading in the tea industry,this paper systematically discusses the necessity and feasibility of constructing an optimal industrialization operation system driven by the dual wheels of"branding+standardization".The article first clarifies the connotation of high-quality development and the synergistic mechanism between branding and standardization.It then analyzes the current situation and bottlenecks of China's tea industry development.Subsequently,it proposes a dual-wheel drive strategy where branding enhances value and standardization guarantees quality,and designs a systematic implementation plan involving industrial chain synergy optimization and integrated support from government,industry,academia,research,and application.On this basis,strategies and suggestions are proposed,encompassing the starting point,standard focal points,key effort areas,innovation points,and target achievement points.The aim is to promote the tea industry to break through homogeneous competition,achieve value ascent,and provide important industrial support for regional high-quality development through the construction of the aforementioned system.
基金Supported by 2025 Guizhou Theoretical Innovation Project of Guizhou Federation of Social Sciences Associations(GZLCLH-2025-110).
文摘This paper focuses on Guizhou's health and wellness industry and rural revitalization,delving deeply into their foundational theories,historical evolution,current status,technological progress,future prospects,and points of contention.Through a comprehensive analysis of relevant references,it elaborates on the definition of the health and wellness industry and Guizhou's geographical advantages,reviews the background and implementation pathways of the rural revitalization strategy,and analyzes the mechanism for their synergistic development.It reviews the respective development trajectories of Guizhou's health and wellness industry and rural revitalization,as well as their integration process,analyzes the current status and market demand,the challenges faced,and the status of their integration.It explores the application of technological innovations,strategies for technology empowerment,and cases of technology integration,forecasts future development trends,plans,and paths for integrated development,and discusses contentious points such as benefit distribution,environmental protection,and policy coordination,aiming to provide comprehensive theoretical and practical references for the further development of Guizhou's health and wellness industry and rural revitalization.
