Aiming to provide a theoretical basis for possible uses of flaxseed as a food supplement and functional ingredient, the heat treatment of flaxseed was carried out using steaming, roasting, and microwave methods to inv...Aiming to provide a theoretical basis for possible uses of flaxseed as a food supplement and functional ingredient, the heat treatment of flaxseed was carried out using steaming, roasting, and microwave methods to investigate the detoxification effects of these three pretreatment methods on flaxseed, as well as the impact of the three methods on the quality of flaxseed. The results showed that all three pretreatment methods had better detoxification effects on flaxseed, in which, microwave treatment was the most effective method. After 5 min of microwave treatment, the hydrogen cyanide(HCN) content in flaxseed decreased from(94.65±1.68) mg/kg to(7.80±0.57) mg/kg. All three pretreatment methods significantly reduced the water content in flaxseed but had a weaker effect on protein, fat, and ash contents. After pretreatment by the three methods, the polyphenol content, peroxide value(POV), and a*value of flaxseed increased significantly, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) increased, while polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) content, amino acid content, and L*, W*, and b*values decreased, with varying degrees of wrinkles and cracks appearing on the surface of flaxseed, and the overall signal pattern of FTIR spectra did not change much. During the 40℃ accelerated storage process, the quality of flaxseed treated by all three preheating methods generally declined, and correlation analysis revealed that color change was a good indicator of quality changes in flaxseed. Notably, all three pretreatment methods extended the shelf-life of flaxseed. Compared with steaming(120℃ for 20 min) and roasting(100℃ for 40 min), microwave(560 W for 4 min) is recommended to remove cyanogenic glycosides and improve the stability and quality characteristics of flaxseed.展开更多
Simultaneous degradation and detoxification during pharmaceutical and personal care product removal are important for water treatment.In this study,sodium niobate nanocubes decorated with graphitic carbon nitride(NbNC...Simultaneous degradation and detoxification during pharmaceutical and personal care product removal are important for water treatment.In this study,sodium niobate nanocubes decorated with graphitic carbon nitride(NbNC/g-C_(3)N_(4))were fabricated to achieve the efficient photocatalytic degradation and detoxification of ciprofloxacin(CIP)under simulated solar light.NaNbO_(3)nanocubes were in-situ transformed from Na_(2)Nb_(2)O_(6)·H_(2)O via thermal dehydration at the interface of g-C_(3)N_(4).The optimized NbNC/g-C_(3)N_(4)-1 was a type-I heterojunction,which showed a high conduction band(CB)level of−1.68 eV,leading to the efficient transfer of photogenerated electrons to O_(2) to produce primary reactive species,•O_(2)^(-).Density functional theory(DFT)calculations of the density of states indicated that C 2p and Nb 3d contributed to the CB,and 0.37 e^(-)transferred from NaNbO_(3)to g-C_(3)N_(4)in NbNC/g-C_(3)N_(4)based on the Mulliken population analysis of the built-in electric field intensity.NbNC/g-C_(3)N_(4)-1 had 3.3-and 2.3-fold of CIP degradation rate constants(k_(1)=0.173 min^(−1))compared with those of pristine g-C_(3)N_(4)and NaNbO_(3),respectively.In addition,N24,N19,and C5 in CIP with a high Fukui index were reactive sites for electrophilic attack by•O_(2)^(-),resulting in the defluorination and ring-opening of the piperazine moiety of the dominant degradation pathways.Intermediate/product identification,integrated with computational toxicity evaluation,further indicated a substantial detoxification effect during CIP degradation in the photocatalysis system.展开更多
Understanding bacterial strategies for coping with heavy metal stress is essential for elucidating their resilience in contaminated environments.However,whether cell wall exfoliation contributes to bacterial tolerance...Understanding bacterial strategies for coping with heavy metal stress is essential for elucidating their resilience in contaminated environments.However,whether cell wall exfoliation contributes to bacterial tolerance under heavy metal stress,such as cadmium(Cd)exposure,remains unclear and requires further investigation.In this study,we reveal a novel self-protective mechanism in Stenotrophomonas sp.H225 isolated from a Cd-contaminated farmland soil,which underwent controlled cell wall exfoliation and regeneration in response to Cd stress up to 200 mg L^(-1).Transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses revealed that the exfoliated cell wall fragments served as extracellular Cd sinks,thereby reducing intracellular Cd accumulation.Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated progressive peptidoglycan(PG)degradation,with exfoliated PG concentration in solution increasing from 148 ng mL^(-1) at 0 mg L^(-1) Cd to 240 ng mL^(-1) at 200 mg L^(-1) Cd.This degradation was counteracted by the compensatory upregulation of PG biosynthesis genes,with the enrichment ratio reaching up to 0.83,facilitating cell wall reconstruction.Transcriptomic analysis and gene knockout experiments identified mtgA(encoding a monofunctional transglycosylase)as a key determinant in cell wall repair and Cd resistance.To our knowledge,this is the first mechanistic evidence that bacteria can mitigate heavy metal toxicity through dynamic cell wall remodeling involving exfoliation and regeneration.This finding enhances our understanding of microbial survival strategies under environmental stress and highlights potential targets for engineering metal-tolerant strains for bioremediation applications.展开更多
Background AFB_(1)-8,9-exo-epoxide(AFBO)is the highly toxic product of Aflatoxin B_(1)(AFB_(1)).Glutathione S-transferases(GSTs)play pivotal roles in detoxifying AFB_(1) by catalyzing the conjugation of AFBO with glut...Background AFB_(1)-8,9-exo-epoxide(AFBO)is the highly toxic product of Aflatoxin B_(1)(AFB_(1)).Glutathione S-transferases(GSTs)play pivotal roles in detoxifying AFB_(1) by catalyzing the conjugation of AFBO with glutathione(GSH).Although there are over 20 GST isozymes that have been identified in chicken,GST isozymes involved in the detoxification process of AFB_(1) have not been identified yet.The objective of this study was to determine which GST isozymes played key role in detoxification of AFB_(1).Results A total of 17 pcDNA3.1(+)-GST isozyme plasmids were constructed and the GST isozyme genes were overexpressed by 80–2,500,000 folds in the chicken Leghorn male hepatoma(LMH)cells.Compared to the AFB_(1) treatment,overexpression of GSTA2X,GSTA3,GSTT1L,GSTZ1-1,and GSTZ1-2 increased the cell viability by 6.5%–17.0%in LMH cells.Moreover,overexpression of five GST isozymes reduced the release of lactate dehydrogenase and reactive oxygen species by 8.8%–64.4%,and 57.2%–77.6%,respectively,as well as enhanced the production AFBO-GSH by 15.8%–19.6%,thus mitigating DNA damage induced by AFB_(1).After comprehensive evaluation of various indicators,GSTA2X displayed the best detoxification effects against AFB_(1).GSTA2X was expressed in Pichia pastoris X-33 and its enzymatic properties for catalyzing the conjugation of AFBO with GSH showed that the optimum temperature and pH were 20–25℃ and 7.6–8.6 as well as the enzymatic kinetic parameter V_(max) was 0.23 nmol/min/mg and the Michaelis constant was 86.05μmol/L with the AFB_(1) as substrate.Conclusions In conclusion,GSTA2X,GSTA3,GSTT1L,GSTZ1-1,and GSTZ1-2 played key roles in AFB_(1) detoxification,which will provide new remediation strategies to prevent aflatoxicosis in chickens.展开更多
RNA contains diverse post-transcriptional modifications,and its catabolic breakdown yields numerous modified nucleosides requiring correct processing,but the mechanisms remain unknown.Here,we demonstrate that three RN...RNA contains diverse post-transcriptional modifications,and its catabolic breakdown yields numerous modified nucleosides requiring correct processing,but the mechanisms remain unknown.Here,we demonstrate that three RNA-derived modified adenosines,N6-methyladenosine(m6A),N6,N6-dimethyladenosine(m6,6A),and N6-isopentenyladenosine(i6A),are sequentially metabolized into inosine monophosphate(IMP)to mitigate their intrinsic cytotoxicity.展开更多
Zearalenone(ZEN)is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin biosynthesized by the polyketide reaction,which has estrogenic effects and triggers toxic effects,such as reproductive toxicity,hepatotoxicity,genotoxicity,and i...Zearalenone(ZEN)is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin biosynthesized by the polyketide reaction,which has estrogenic effects and triggers toxic effects,such as reproductive toxicity,hepatotoxicity,genotoxicity,and immunotoxicity in organism.Due to its impact on human and animal health and the economic losses engendered by ZEN,detoxification strategies for contaminated foods and feeds to reduce or eliminate the toxic effects of ZEN by chemical,physical and biological methods are crucial.Detoxification by microbial means has broad application prospects,with the advantages of high efficiency,high specificity,mild conditions of action,no harmful metabolites,and safety.It may help to improve the function of intestinal barriers so that the intestinal epithelial barrier is more resistant to mycotoxins,and other pathogenic microorganisms.This article provided an overview of the metabolic pathways and animal toxicity of ZEN in organism,and summarized the effects of the current research status,detoxification mechanisms and in vivo applications of ZEN biodetoxification,in order to provide a reference for the prevention and control of ZEN.展开更多
Psoraleae Fructus(PF)is an important traditional herbal medicine with a long history of clinical application.It is widely used to treat various diseases,such as osteoporosis,leucoderma and diarrhea.As a traditional no...Psoraleae Fructus(PF)is an important traditional herbal medicine with a long history of clinical application.It is widely used to treat various diseases,such as osteoporosis,leucoderma and diarrhea.As a traditional nontoxic herb,it has aroused worldwide concern about the potential risks due to increasing adverse reaction events.This article reviews the botany,ancient records of medical uses,adverse reactions,toxicological research advance and detoxification methods of PF.According to clinical studies,liver injury is the most predominant in PF-related adverse reactions.The underlying mechanisms include bile acid metabolism and transport disorders,oxidative stress,mitochondrial damage,inhibition of liver cell regeneration and inflammatory reactions.Furthermore,the potential toxins of PF are summarized.Traditional methods of processing and compatibility will provide reference for reducing the toxicity of PF,which requires further research.In sum,this work systematically summarizes the reserach progress on the safety of PF,which will provide comprehensive insights into the toxicity of PF and facilitate its safe use and future development.展开更多
Computational systems biology approaches provide insights to understand complex molecular phenomena in living systems. Such understanding demands the need to systematically interrogate and review existing literature t...Computational systems biology approaches provide insights to understand complex molecular phenomena in living systems. Such understanding demands the need to systematically interrogate and review existing literature to refine and distil key molecular pathways. This paper explores a methodological process to identify key molecular pathways from systematic bioinformatics literature review. This process is used to identify molecular pathways for a ubiquitous molecular process in all plant biological systems: C1 metabolism and formaldehyde detoxification, specific to maize. The C1 metabolism is essential for all organisms to provide one-carbon units for methylation and other types of modifications, as well as for nucleic acid, amino acid, and other biomolecule syntheses. Formaldehyde is a toxic one-carbon molecule which is produced endogenously and found in the environment, and whose detoxification is an important part of C1 metabolism. This systematic review involves a five-part process: 1) framing of the research question;2) literature collection based on a parallel search strategy;3) relevant study selection based on search refinement;4) molecular pathway identification;and 5) integration of key molecular pathway mechanisms to yield a well-defined set molecular systems associated with a particular biochemical function. Findings from this systematic review produced three main molecular systems: a) methionine biosynthesis;b) the methylation cycle;and c) formaldehyde detoxification. Specific insights from the resulting molecular pathways indicate that normal C1 metabolism involves the transfer of a carbon group from serine through a folate-mediated pathway to methionine, and eventually the methylation of a biomolecule. In photosynthetic tissues, C1 metabolism often proceeds in reverse towards serine biosynthesis and formate oxidation. C1 metabolism, in maize, appears to be present in the developing embryo and endosperm indicating that these cells are vulnerable to perturbations in formaldehyde detoxification. These insights demonstrate the value of a systematic bioinformatics literature review process from a broad spectrum of domain literature to specific and relevant molecular pathways.展开更多
The detoxification of iron cyanide in a soil–plant system was investigated to assess the total cyanide extracted from contaminated soil and allocated in the leaf tissue of willow trees(Salix caprea). They were grown ...The detoxification of iron cyanide in a soil–plant system was investigated to assess the total cyanide extracted from contaminated soil and allocated in the leaf tissue of willow trees(Salix caprea). They were grown in soil containing up to 1000 mg/kg dry weight(dw) of cyanide(CN),added as ^(15)N-labeled potassium ferrocyanide and prepared with a new method for synthesis of labeled iron cyanides. CN content and ^(15)N enrichment were monitored weekly over the exposure in leaf tissue of different age. The ^(15)N enrichment in the young and old leaf tissue reached up to 15.197‰ and 9063‰, respectively; it increased significantly over the exposure and with increasing exposure concentrations(p < 0.05). Although the CN accumulation in the old leaf tissue was higher, compared to the young leaf tissue(p < 0.05), the ^(15)N enrichment in the two tissue types did not differ statistically. This indicates a non-uniform CN accumulation but a uniform ^(15)N allocation throughout the leaf mass. Significant differences were detected between the measured CN content and the C^(15)N content, calculated from the ^(15)N enrichment(p < 0.05), revealing a significant CN fraction within the leaf tissue, which could not be detected as ionic CN. The application of labeled iron CN clearly shows that CN is detoxified during uptake by the willows. However, these results do not exclude other detoxification pathways, not related to the trees. Still, they are strongly indicative of the central role the trees played in CN removal and detoxification under the experimental conditions.展开更多
Deoxynivalenol(DON)is a mycotoxin that is produced by various species of Fusarium and is ubiquitous in food and feed.At low concentrations,it can cause metabolic disorders in animals and humans and,at high concentrati...Deoxynivalenol(DON)is a mycotoxin that is produced by various species of Fusarium and is ubiquitous in food and feed.At low concentrations,it can cause metabolic disorders in animals and humans and,at high concentrations,it can lead to pathological changes in the body.The impact of DON on human/animal health and animal productivity has thus attracted a great deal of attention around the world.DON causes severe damage to the intestine,including compromised intestinal barrier,mucosal damage,weakened immune function,and alterations in gut microbiota composition.These effects exacerbate intestinal infections and inflammation in livestock and poultry,posing adverse effects on overall health.Furthermore,research into biological methods for DON detoxification is a crucial avenue for future studies.This includes the utilization of adsorption,enzymatic degradation,and other biological approaches to mitigate DON's impact,offering new strategies for prevention and treatment of DON-induced diseases.Future research will focus on identifying highly efficient detoxifying microorganisms or enzymes to reduce DON levels in food and feed,thereby mitigating its risks to both animals and human health.展开更多
In order to investigate the effects of cadmium on the immune defense function of spiders infected with bacteria,Pirata subpiraticus was taken as research object,and the cadmium-treated group and the control group were...In order to investigate the effects of cadmium on the immune defense function of spiders infected with bacteria,Pirata subpiraticus was taken as research object,and the cadmium-treated group and the control group were all infected with bacteria(S.aureus and E.coli).After 6 and 24 h of infection,the energy substances contents and the activity of immune detoxification enzyme system in Pirata subpiraticus were determined.The results showed that after 6 and 24 h of infection with S.aureus and 6 h of infection with E.coli,the amount of soluble sugars and soluble proteins of Pirata subpiraticus in the cadmium-treated group increased significantly.Compared with the control,after 6 h of infection with S.aureus and 24 h of infection with E.coli,the activity of acetylcholinesterase(AChE)of Pirata subpiraticus in the cadmium-treated group decreased significantly.This indicated that cadmium inhibited the activity of AChE in infected Pirata subpiraticus.After 24 h of infection with S.aureus and 6 h of infection with E.coli,the activity of polyphenol oxidase(PPO)was signicantly higher than that of the control,indicating that cadmium induced the activity of PPO in infected Pirata subpiraticus.These results suggested that cadmium can affect the content of energy substance and immune detoxification enzyme activity in infected Pirata subpiraticus.展开更多
Although many studies have found that cadmium(Cd)can be toxic to microalgae,only a few reports focused on the role of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)in Cd(Ⅱ)detoxification.The biochemical and physiological en...Although many studies have found that cadmium(Cd)can be toxic to microalgae,only a few reports focused on the role of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)in Cd(Ⅱ)detoxification.The biochemical and physiological endpoints of Microcystis aeruginosa,including the composition and functional groups of soluble EPS(SL-EPS),loosely bound EPS(LB-EPS),and tightly bound EPS(TB-EPS),were detected to elucidate the toxicity and detoxification mechanisms of Cd(Ⅱ)for cyanobacteria.Toxicological and physiological assays on M.aeruginosa showed that the 0.25-mg/L Cd(Ⅱ)resulted in a larger inhibition on growth and F_(v)/F_(m).Nevertheless,Cd(Ⅱ)significantly induced much higher contents of superoxide dismutase(SOD),intracellular microcystin LR(MC-LR),extracellular MC-LR,and EPS.Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed that Cd(Ⅱ)was absorbed into the EPS layer.Fourier transform infrared spectrum analysis revealed that the functional groups bound with Cd(Ⅱ)of algae biomass,SL-EPS,LB-EPS,and TB-EPS were somewhat different.The C=O/C=N groups ofδ-lactam or protein were their prominent functional groups,suggesting that amide or proteins in the EPS played a key role in the adsorption in Cd(Ⅱ).The concentration of 0.25 mg/L of Cd(Ⅱ)may change the chemical structure of EPS by altering the production of protein-like substances containing tryptophan.This study indicated that M.aeruginosa could detoxify Cd(Ⅱ)stress via induction of antioxidant capacity(higher SOD activity and MC synthesis),EPS production,and modification in chemical structure of EPS.展开更多
Despite the extensive application of advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)in water treatment,the efficiency of AOPs in eliminating various emerging contaminants such as halogenated antibiotics is constrained by a number ...Despite the extensive application of advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)in water treatment,the efficiency of AOPs in eliminating various emerging contaminants such as halogenated antibiotics is constrained by a number of factors.Halogen moieties exhibit strong resistance to oxidative radicals,affecting the dehalogenation and detoxification efficiencies.To address these limitations of AOPs,advanced reduction processes(ARPs)have been proposed.Herein,a novel nucleophilic reductant—namely,the carbon dioxide radical anion(CO_(2)^(·-))—is introduced for the simultaneous degradation,dehalogenation,and detoxification of florfenicol(FF),a typical halogenated antibiotic.The results demonstrate that FF is completely eliminated by CO_(2)^(·-),with approximately 100%of Cland 46%of Freleased after 120 min of treatment.Simultaneous detoxification is observed,which exhibits a linear response to the release of free inorganic halogen ions(R^(2)=0.97,p<0.01).The formation of halogen-free products is the primary reason for the superior detoxification performance of this method,in comparison with conventional hydroxyl-radical-based AOPs.Products identification and density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal the underlying dehalogenation mechanism,in which the chlorine moiety of FF is more susceptible than other moieties to nucleophilic attack by CO_(2)^(·-).Moreover,CO_(2)^(·-)-based ARPs exhibit superior dehalogenation efficiencies(>75%)in degrading a series of halogenated antibiotics,including chloramphenicol(CAP),thiamphenicol(THA),diclofenac(DLF),triclosan(TCS),and ciprofloxacin(CIP).The system shows high tolerance to the pH of the solution and the presence of natural water constituents,and demonstrates an excellent degradation performance in actual groundwater,indicating the strong application potential of CO_(2)^(·-)-based ARPs in real life.Overall,this study elucidates the feasibility of CO_(2)^(·-)for the simultaneous degradation,dehalogenation,and detoxification of halogenated antibiotics and provides a promising method for their regulation during water or wastewater treatment.展开更多
[Objectives]To explore the mechanism of Huanglian detoxification soup improving pain behavior by affecting serum IL-2 levels in postherpetic neuralgia(post herpes neuralgia,PHN)model rats.[Methods]20 PHN rats were ran...[Objectives]To explore the mechanism of Huanglian detoxification soup improving pain behavior by affecting serum IL-2 levels in postherpetic neuralgia(post herpes neuralgia,PHN)model rats.[Methods]20 PHN rats were randomly divided into model group(PHN group)and detoxification decoction group(n=10).In the group,10%Huanglian detoxification soup(0.4 mL/0.1 kg)was given once in the morning and evening for 14 d.The PHN group was filled with an equal volume of 0.9%sodium chloride solution.Tail vein serum inflammatory factor interleukin-2(IL-2),IL-βand IL-6 levels were measured using ELISA kits at 7 and 21 d.[Results]IL-2 increased at 14 and 21 d in IL group,while IL-βand IL-6 decreased compared with the PHN group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Huanglian detoxification soup may raise IL-2 levels after VZV infection to promote the differentiation of cells of the immune system,so as to relieve the pain caused by IL-βand IL-6 inflammatory factors.展开更多
Integrating hydrothermal treatment processes and anaerobic digestion(AD)is promising for maximizing resource recovery from biomass and organic waste.The process water generated during hydrothermal treatment contains h...Integrating hydrothermal treatment processes and anaerobic digestion(AD)is promising for maximizing resource recovery from biomass and organic waste.The process water generated during hydrothermal treatment contains high concentrations of organic matter,which can be converted into biogas using AD.However,process water also contains various compounds that inhibit the AD process.Fingerprinting these inhibitors and identifying suitable mitigation strategies and detoxification methods is necessary to optimize the integration of these two technologies.By examining the existing literature,we were able to:(1)compare the methane yields and organics removal efficiency during AD of various hydrothermal treatment process water;(2)catalog the main AD inhibitors found in hydrothermal treatment process water;(3)identify recalcitrant components limiting AD performance;and(4)evaluate approaches to detoxify specific inhibitors and degrade recalcitrant components.Common inhibitors in process water are organic acids(at high concentrations),total ammonia nitrogen(TAN),oxygenated organics,and N-heterocyclic compounds.Feedstock composition is the primary determinant of organic acid and TAN formation(carbohydrates-rich and protein-rich feedstocks,respectively).In contrast,processing conditions(e.g.,temperature,pressure,reaction duration)influence the formation extent of oxygenated organics and N-heterocyclic compounds.Struvite precipitation and zeolite adsorption are the most widely used approaches to eliminate TAN inhibition.In contrast,powdered and granular activated carbon and ozonation are the preferred methods to remove toxic substances before AD treatment.Currently,ozonation is the most effective approach to reduce the toxicity and recalcitrance of N and O-heterocyclic compounds during AD.Microaeration methods,which disrupt the AD microbiome less than ozone,might be more practical for nitrifying TAN and degrading recalcitrant compounds,but further research in this area is necessary.展开更多
Arsenic,a known environmental carcinogen,disrupts intestinal homeostasis,posing a significant threat to human health.Mitigating its toxic effects is crucial,and this study explores the potential of swim bladder sulfat...Arsenic,a known environmental carcinogen,disrupts intestinal homeostasis,posing a significant threat to human health.Mitigating its toxic effects is crucial,and this study explores the potential of swim bladder sulfated glycosaminoglycan(SBSG)in achieving this.Our previous in vitro studies have shown that SBSG to ameliorate arsenic-induced damage in intestinal epithelial cells,but its in vivo effects remain elusive.The current investigation demonstrates that SBSG exhibits a beneficial prebiotic action in vivo,regulating gut microbiota,metabolites,and intestinal barrier function to counter arsenic's adverse effects.Specifically,SBSG regulates microbiota composition,suppressing pathogenic species like Alistipes and Candidatus_Saccharimonas while promoting beneficial ones such as Ruminococcus and Akkermansia.In the colon,SBSG fermentation enhances the production of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),leading to the upregulation of GPR43,GPR109A,and Olfr78 receptors.Additionally,SBSG strengthens the intestinal barrier by increasing the expression of Claudin-1,Occludin,and ZO-1,and enhances mucin gene expression(MUC-1 and MUC-2)to address chemical barrier disruptions.Immunologically,SBSG modulates the RORγt/Foxp3 pathway and the TLR4/My D88/NF-κB signaling cascade,regulating the immune barrier.These findings suggest that SBSG could be a promising prebiotic candidate for maintaining intestinal health and may serve as a dietary supplement or adjunct in heavy metal detoxification therapies.展开更多
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is prevalent in various environmental media and biological matrices, posing considerable ecological and health risks due to its endocrine-disrupting, immunotoxic, neurotoxic, and carcinog...Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is prevalent in various environmental media and biological matrices, posing considerable ecological and health risks due to its endocrine-disrupting, immunotoxic, neurotoxic, and carcinogenic properties. In this study, we developed an advanced mineralization process for the efficient mineralization of TBBPA, utilizing a hybrid system that combines zero-valent iron (ZVI) technology with an aerobic activated sludge method. A trimetallic material, s-Fe^(0)-Cu-Pd, was synthesized by stepwise deposition of copper and palladium onto ZVI to improve its catalytic efficiency in degrading TBBPA. Optimal conditions for TBBPA degradation, including Cu and Pd loading ratios, initial pH, trimetallic dosage, and TBBPA concentration, were systematically investigated. The s-Fe^(0)-Cu-Pd catalyst demonstrated superior performance compared to conventional ZVI and bimetallic systems, achieving 97.93 % degradation of TBBPA within 60 min, with BPA identified as the primary degradation product. Subsequent aerobic activated sludge treatment facilitated the complete degradation of intermediate products, achieving a BPA degradation rate of 100 % within 10 h. Electrochemical analyses (CV, EIS, and LSV) and DFT calculations demonstrated enhanced redox activity and electron transfer efficiency of the s-Fe^(0)-Cu-Pd. Comprehensive characterization (SEM, XRD, XPS, ESR) and macrogenomic analysis were employed to elucidate the chemical and biological degradation mechanisms and to propose potential degradation pathways. This study represents the first integration of ZVI-based trimetallic catalysts with aerobic activated sludge to enhance TBBPA degradation efficiency, offering a sustainable solution for mitigating the ecological risks associated with TBBPA contamination.展开更多
Background Aflatoxin B_(1)(AFB_(1))risks animal and human health,and the liver is considered the most crucial detoxification organ.Phlorotannin(PT)is a polyhydroxy phenol that has a wide range of biological activities...Background Aflatoxin B_(1)(AFB_(1))risks animal and human health,and the liver is considered the most crucial detoxification organ.Phlorotannin(PT)is a polyhydroxy phenol that has a wide range of biological activities,including antioxidation and hepatoprotection,which can promote the ability of liver detoxification.This study aimed to elucidate the protective effect of PT on AFB_(1)-induced liver damage in broilers.Results In vivo experiment showed that the PT reduced AFB_(1) content and AFB_(1)-exo-8,9-epoxide DNA(AFBODNA)concentration in serum and liver(P<0.05),improved the histomorphology of liver and hepatic mitochondria,and activated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)-related antioxidant and detoxification pathway by upregulating the activities of antioxidant enzymes(catalase[CAT],glutathione S-transferase[GST])and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)level(P<0.05),and inhibited the mRNA expression of CYP1A1(cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1)and phase Ⅱ detoxification enzyme related genes(GPX1,GSTT1,and NQO1)of broilers exposed to AFB_(1)(P<0.05).Meanwhile,PT upregulated the Nrf1 pathway-related mitochondrial biosynthetic genes(Nrf1,mitochondrial transcription factor A[TFAM],mitofusin 1[MFN1])in broilers fed AFB_(1) contaminated diet(P<0.05).In vitro verification study suggested that the use of Nrf2/Nrf1 inhibitors suppressed the ameliorative role of PT on AFB_(1)-induced liver injury of broilers,which was manifested in the mRNA expression of Nrf2,NQO1,GSTT3,Nrf1,TFAM,and other genes decreasing(P<0.05),and down-regulation of the protein expression of Nrf2,total and nucleus p-Nrf2,and total and nucleus p-Nrf1(P<0.05).Conclusion The PT ameliorates oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity by activating the Nrf2-mediated phase Ⅱ detoxification enzymes pathway and maintains mitochondrial homeostasis by activating the Nrf1 signaling pathway in broilers exposed to AFB_(1).展开更多
The tobacco whitefly,Bemisia tabaci,is a notorious pest affecting various crops globally,and it exhibits high levels of resistance to various insecticides.Afidopyropen is a recently commercialized pyropene insecticide...The tobacco whitefly,Bemisia tabaci,is a notorious pest affecting various crops globally,and it exhibits high levels of resistance to various insecticides.Afidopyropen is a recently commercialized pyropene insecticide for B.tabaci control with high selectivity and a novel mode of action.We previously identified a high level of afidopyropen resistance in a field-collected population after selection in the lab,and named it the HD-Afi strain.In the present study,minimal cross-resistance in the HD-Afi strain was found between afidopyropen and other common chemical agents.However,the P450 enzyme activity in HD-Afi was 2.18 times the level in susceptible strain HD-S.Expression analysis revealed that two of 12 candidate P450 genes,namely CYP6DW3 and CYP4C64,were significantly up-regulated in HD-Afi.Silencing CYP6DW3 and CYP4C64 by RNA interference(RNAi)substantially increased the susceptibility of whitefly adults,confirming their involvement in afidopyropen resistance.Homology modeling and molecular docking analyses demonstrated stable binding of afidopyropen to CYP6DW3 and CYP4C64,with binding free energies of–6.87 and–6.11 kcal mol^(-1),respectively.The findings of this study suggest that the induction of CYP6DW3 and CYP4C64 facilitates afidopyropen detoxification,contributing to the development of resistance in B.tabaci.展开更多
Mycotoxins are the most widely existing pollutants in both dietary provisions and livestock feed,and they pose a series of hazards for humans and animals.Deoxynivalenol(DON)is a prevalent mycotoxin that is primarily p...Mycotoxins are the most widely existing pollutants in both dietary provisions and livestock feed,and they pose a series of hazards for humans and animals.Deoxynivalenol(DON)is a prevalent mycotoxin that is primarily produced by Fusarium spp.and commonly found in various cereal products.Feeding swine diets contaminated with trichothecene DON can lead to major adverse effects,including reduced feed intake,diminished weight gains,and compromised immune function.Among all animal species,swine are the most sensitive to DON.Here we explore the disruption of gut health by DON,considering aspects such as intestinal histomorphology,epithelial barrier functions,immune system,microflora,and short-chain fatty acid production in the intestines.Numerous additives have been documented for their potential in the detoxification of DON.These additives can alleviate the toxic effects of DON on pigs by modulating the Nrf2-Keap1,mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs)and Nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)signaling pathways.Additionally,there are additives capable of mitigating the toxicity of DON through adsorption or biotransformation.This update has novel potential for advancing our comprehension of the mechanisms linked to DON intestinal toxicity and facilitating the formulation of innovative strategies to mitigate the impact of DON.展开更多
基金Dalian Science and Technology Innovation Fund Project (2022JJ11CG008)。
文摘Aiming to provide a theoretical basis for possible uses of flaxseed as a food supplement and functional ingredient, the heat treatment of flaxseed was carried out using steaming, roasting, and microwave methods to investigate the detoxification effects of these three pretreatment methods on flaxseed, as well as the impact of the three methods on the quality of flaxseed. The results showed that all three pretreatment methods had better detoxification effects on flaxseed, in which, microwave treatment was the most effective method. After 5 min of microwave treatment, the hydrogen cyanide(HCN) content in flaxseed decreased from(94.65±1.68) mg/kg to(7.80±0.57) mg/kg. All three pretreatment methods significantly reduced the water content in flaxseed but had a weaker effect on protein, fat, and ash contents. After pretreatment by the three methods, the polyphenol content, peroxide value(POV), and a*value of flaxseed increased significantly, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) increased, while polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) content, amino acid content, and L*, W*, and b*values decreased, with varying degrees of wrinkles and cracks appearing on the surface of flaxseed, and the overall signal pattern of FTIR spectra did not change much. During the 40℃ accelerated storage process, the quality of flaxseed treated by all three preheating methods generally declined, and correlation analysis revealed that color change was a good indicator of quality changes in flaxseed. Notably, all three pretreatment methods extended the shelf-life of flaxseed. Compared with steaming(120℃ for 20 min) and roasting(100℃ for 40 min), microwave(560 W for 4 min) is recommended to remove cyanogenic glycosides and improve the stability and quality characteristics of flaxseed.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2021YFA1202500 and 2022YFF1303004)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.JCYJ20220531093205013)+6 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.52100069,52270053 and 52200084)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.8232035),the Beijing Nova Program(No.20220484215)the Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences(No.BNLMS2023011)Emerging Engineering Interdisciplinary-Young Scholars Project(Peking University),the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities are greatly acknowledgedsupported by the High-Performance Computing Platform of Peking Universitythe National Key Scientific and Technological Infrastructure project“Earth System Numerical Simulation Facility”(EarthLab)are also acknowledgedsupported by the program of“Research on Advanced Treatment Technology of New Pollutants in Domestic Sewage of Residential District”.
文摘Simultaneous degradation and detoxification during pharmaceutical and personal care product removal are important for water treatment.In this study,sodium niobate nanocubes decorated with graphitic carbon nitride(NbNC/g-C_(3)N_(4))were fabricated to achieve the efficient photocatalytic degradation and detoxification of ciprofloxacin(CIP)under simulated solar light.NaNbO_(3)nanocubes were in-situ transformed from Na_(2)Nb_(2)O_(6)·H_(2)O via thermal dehydration at the interface of g-C_(3)N_(4).The optimized NbNC/g-C_(3)N_(4)-1 was a type-I heterojunction,which showed a high conduction band(CB)level of−1.68 eV,leading to the efficient transfer of photogenerated electrons to O_(2) to produce primary reactive species,•O_(2)^(-).Density functional theory(DFT)calculations of the density of states indicated that C 2p and Nb 3d contributed to the CB,and 0.37 e^(-)transferred from NaNbO_(3)to g-C_(3)N_(4)in NbNC/g-C_(3)N_(4)based on the Mulliken population analysis of the built-in electric field intensity.NbNC/g-C_(3)N_(4)-1 had 3.3-and 2.3-fold of CIP degradation rate constants(k_(1)=0.173 min^(−1))compared with those of pristine g-C_(3)N_(4)and NaNbO_(3),respectively.In addition,N24,N19,and C5 in CIP with a high Fukui index were reactive sites for electrophilic attack by•O_(2)^(-),resulting in the defluorination and ring-opening of the piperazine moiety of the dominant degradation pathways.Intermediate/product identification,integrated with computational toxicity evaluation,further indicated a substantial detoxification effect during CIP degradation in the photocatalysis system.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 42377004 and 41991334)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 226-2025-0004)+1 种基金the China Agriculture Research System (No. CARS-01)the opportunity granted by the China Scholarship Council (No. 202406320448)
文摘Understanding bacterial strategies for coping with heavy metal stress is essential for elucidating their resilience in contaminated environments.However,whether cell wall exfoliation contributes to bacterial tolerance under heavy metal stress,such as cadmium(Cd)exposure,remains unclear and requires further investigation.In this study,we reveal a novel self-protective mechanism in Stenotrophomonas sp.H225 isolated from a Cd-contaminated farmland soil,which underwent controlled cell wall exfoliation and regeneration in response to Cd stress up to 200 mg L^(-1).Transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses revealed that the exfoliated cell wall fragments served as extracellular Cd sinks,thereby reducing intracellular Cd accumulation.Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated progressive peptidoglycan(PG)degradation,with exfoliated PG concentration in solution increasing from 148 ng mL^(-1) at 0 mg L^(-1) Cd to 240 ng mL^(-1) at 200 mg L^(-1) Cd.This degradation was counteracted by the compensatory upregulation of PG biosynthesis genes,with the enrichment ratio reaching up to 0.83,facilitating cell wall reconstruction.Transcriptomic analysis and gene knockout experiments identified mtgA(encoding a monofunctional transglycosylase)as a key determinant in cell wall repair and Cd resistance.To our knowledge,this is the first mechanistic evidence that bacteria can mitigate heavy metal toxicity through dynamic cell wall remodeling involving exfoliation and regeneration.This finding enhances our understanding of microbial survival strategies under environmental stress and highlights potential targets for engineering metal-tolerant strains for bioremediation applications.
基金supported by the Chinese Natural Science Foundation Projects 32072775,32272915 and 32472949the National Key Research and Development Programs of China(2023YFD1301003 and 2023YFD1301005)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662023DKPY002)。
文摘Background AFB_(1)-8,9-exo-epoxide(AFBO)is the highly toxic product of Aflatoxin B_(1)(AFB_(1)).Glutathione S-transferases(GSTs)play pivotal roles in detoxifying AFB_(1) by catalyzing the conjugation of AFBO with glutathione(GSH).Although there are over 20 GST isozymes that have been identified in chicken,GST isozymes involved in the detoxification process of AFB_(1) have not been identified yet.The objective of this study was to determine which GST isozymes played key role in detoxification of AFB_(1).Results A total of 17 pcDNA3.1(+)-GST isozyme plasmids were constructed and the GST isozyme genes were overexpressed by 80–2,500,000 folds in the chicken Leghorn male hepatoma(LMH)cells.Compared to the AFB_(1) treatment,overexpression of GSTA2X,GSTA3,GSTT1L,GSTZ1-1,and GSTZ1-2 increased the cell viability by 6.5%–17.0%in LMH cells.Moreover,overexpression of five GST isozymes reduced the release of lactate dehydrogenase and reactive oxygen species by 8.8%–64.4%,and 57.2%–77.6%,respectively,as well as enhanced the production AFBO-GSH by 15.8%–19.6%,thus mitigating DNA damage induced by AFB_(1).After comprehensive evaluation of various indicators,GSTA2X displayed the best detoxification effects against AFB_(1).GSTA2X was expressed in Pichia pastoris X-33 and its enzymatic properties for catalyzing the conjugation of AFBO with GSH showed that the optimum temperature and pH were 20–25℃ and 7.6–8.6 as well as the enzymatic kinetic parameter V_(max) was 0.23 nmol/min/mg and the Michaelis constant was 86.05μmol/L with the AFB_(1) as substrate.Conclusions In conclusion,GSTA2X,GSTA3,GSTT1L,GSTZ1-1,and GSTZ1-2 played key roles in AFB_(1) detoxification,which will provide new remediation strategies to prevent aflatoxicosis in chickens.
文摘RNA contains diverse post-transcriptional modifications,and its catabolic breakdown yields numerous modified nucleosides requiring correct processing,but the mechanisms remain unknown.Here,we demonstrate that three RNA-derived modified adenosines,N6-methyladenosine(m6A),N6,N6-dimethyladenosine(m6,6A),and N6-isopentenyladenosine(i6A),are sequentially metabolized into inosine monophosphate(IMP)to mitigate their intrinsic cytotoxicity.
基金Supported by China Agriculture Research System(CARS-35)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(LH2021C038)。
文摘Zearalenone(ZEN)is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin biosynthesized by the polyketide reaction,which has estrogenic effects and triggers toxic effects,such as reproductive toxicity,hepatotoxicity,genotoxicity,and immunotoxicity in organism.Due to its impact on human and animal health and the economic losses engendered by ZEN,detoxification strategies for contaminated foods and feeds to reduce or eliminate the toxic effects of ZEN by chemical,physical and biological methods are crucial.Detoxification by microbial means has broad application prospects,with the advantages of high efficiency,high specificity,mild conditions of action,no harmful metabolites,and safety.It may help to improve the function of intestinal barriers so that the intestinal epithelial barrier is more resistant to mycotoxins,and other pathogenic microorganisms.This article provided an overview of the metabolic pathways and animal toxicity of ZEN in organism,and summarized the effects of the current research status,detoxification mechanisms and in vivo applications of ZEN biodetoxification,in order to provide a reference for the prevention and control of ZEN.
基金supported by the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82192910 and 82192911).
文摘Psoraleae Fructus(PF)is an important traditional herbal medicine with a long history of clinical application.It is widely used to treat various diseases,such as osteoporosis,leucoderma and diarrhea.As a traditional nontoxic herb,it has aroused worldwide concern about the potential risks due to increasing adverse reaction events.This article reviews the botany,ancient records of medical uses,adverse reactions,toxicological research advance and detoxification methods of PF.According to clinical studies,liver injury is the most predominant in PF-related adverse reactions.The underlying mechanisms include bile acid metabolism and transport disorders,oxidative stress,mitochondrial damage,inhibition of liver cell regeneration and inflammatory reactions.Furthermore,the potential toxins of PF are summarized.Traditional methods of processing and compatibility will provide reference for reducing the toxicity of PF,which requires further research.In sum,this work systematically summarizes the reserach progress on the safety of PF,which will provide comprehensive insights into the toxicity of PF and facilitate its safe use and future development.
文摘Computational systems biology approaches provide insights to understand complex molecular phenomena in living systems. Such understanding demands the need to systematically interrogate and review existing literature to refine and distil key molecular pathways. This paper explores a methodological process to identify key molecular pathways from systematic bioinformatics literature review. This process is used to identify molecular pathways for a ubiquitous molecular process in all plant biological systems: C1 metabolism and formaldehyde detoxification, specific to maize. The C1 metabolism is essential for all organisms to provide one-carbon units for methylation and other types of modifications, as well as for nucleic acid, amino acid, and other biomolecule syntheses. Formaldehyde is a toxic one-carbon molecule which is produced endogenously and found in the environment, and whose detoxification is an important part of C1 metabolism. This systematic review involves a five-part process: 1) framing of the research question;2) literature collection based on a parallel search strategy;3) relevant study selection based on search refinement;4) molecular pathway identification;and 5) integration of key molecular pathway mechanisms to yield a well-defined set molecular systems associated with a particular biochemical function. Findings from this systematic review produced three main molecular systems: a) methionine biosynthesis;b) the methylation cycle;and c) formaldehyde detoxification. Specific insights from the resulting molecular pathways indicate that normal C1 metabolism involves the transfer of a carbon group from serine through a folate-mediated pathway to methionine, and eventually the methylation of a biomolecule. In photosynthetic tissues, C1 metabolism often proceeds in reverse towards serine biosynthesis and formate oxidation. C1 metabolism, in maize, appears to be present in the developing embryo and endosperm indicating that these cells are vulnerable to perturbations in formaldehyde detoxification. These insights demonstrate the value of a systematic bioinformatics literature review process from a broad spectrum of domain literature to specific and relevant molecular pathways.
基金financed by the project of the German Railways(Deutsche Bahn AG) "Stabilisation of the former manufactured gas plant site "ehemalige Leuchtgasanstalt" in Cottbus through means of bioremediation"
文摘The detoxification of iron cyanide in a soil–plant system was investigated to assess the total cyanide extracted from contaminated soil and allocated in the leaf tissue of willow trees(Salix caprea). They were grown in soil containing up to 1000 mg/kg dry weight(dw) of cyanide(CN),added as ^(15)N-labeled potassium ferrocyanide and prepared with a new method for synthesis of labeled iron cyanides. CN content and ^(15)N enrichment were monitored weekly over the exposure in leaf tissue of different age. The ^(15)N enrichment in the young and old leaf tissue reached up to 15.197‰ and 9063‰, respectively; it increased significantly over the exposure and with increasing exposure concentrations(p < 0.05). Although the CN accumulation in the old leaf tissue was higher, compared to the young leaf tissue(p < 0.05), the ^(15)N enrichment in the two tissue types did not differ statistically. This indicates a non-uniform CN accumulation but a uniform ^(15)N allocation throughout the leaf mass. Significant differences were detected between the measured CN content and the C^(15)N content, calculated from the ^(15)N enrichment(p < 0.05), revealing a significant CN fraction within the leaf tissue, which could not be detected as ionic CN. The application of labeled iron CN clearly shows that CN is detoxified during uptake by the willows. However, these results do not exclude other detoxification pathways, not related to the trees. Still, they are strongly indicative of the central role the trees played in CN removal and detoxification under the experimental conditions.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32273074,31972746,31872538 and 31772809)the Basic Scientific Research Project of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education,China(LJKZ0632)。
文摘Deoxynivalenol(DON)is a mycotoxin that is produced by various species of Fusarium and is ubiquitous in food and feed.At low concentrations,it can cause metabolic disorders in animals and humans and,at high concentrations,it can lead to pathological changes in the body.The impact of DON on human/animal health and animal productivity has thus attracted a great deal of attention around the world.DON causes severe damage to the intestine,including compromised intestinal barrier,mucosal damage,weakened immune function,and alterations in gut microbiota composition.These effects exacerbate intestinal infections and inflammation in livestock and poultry,posing adverse effects on overall health.Furthermore,research into biological methods for DON detoxification is a crucial avenue for future studies.This includes the utilization of adsorption,enzymatic degradation,and other biological approaches to mitigate DON's impact,offering new strategies for prevention and treatment of DON-induced diseases.Future research will focus on identifying highly efficient detoxifying microorganisms or enzymes to reduce DON levels in food and feed,thereby mitigating its risks to both animals and human health.
文摘In order to investigate the effects of cadmium on the immune defense function of spiders infected with bacteria,Pirata subpiraticus was taken as research object,and the cadmium-treated group and the control group were all infected with bacteria(S.aureus and E.coli).After 6 and 24 h of infection,the energy substances contents and the activity of immune detoxification enzyme system in Pirata subpiraticus were determined.The results showed that after 6 and 24 h of infection with S.aureus and 6 h of infection with E.coli,the amount of soluble sugars and soluble proteins of Pirata subpiraticus in the cadmium-treated group increased significantly.Compared with the control,after 6 h of infection with S.aureus and 24 h of infection with E.coli,the activity of acetylcholinesterase(AChE)of Pirata subpiraticus in the cadmium-treated group decreased significantly.This indicated that cadmium inhibited the activity of AChE in infected Pirata subpiraticus.After 24 h of infection with S.aureus and 6 h of infection with E.coli,the activity of polyphenol oxidase(PPO)was signicantly higher than that of the control,indicating that cadmium induced the activity of PPO in infected Pirata subpiraticus.These results suggested that cadmium can affect the content of energy substance and immune detoxification enzyme activity in infected Pirata subpiraticus.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31800457,32170383)。
文摘Although many studies have found that cadmium(Cd)can be toxic to microalgae,only a few reports focused on the role of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)in Cd(Ⅱ)detoxification.The biochemical and physiological endpoints of Microcystis aeruginosa,including the composition and functional groups of soluble EPS(SL-EPS),loosely bound EPS(LB-EPS),and tightly bound EPS(TB-EPS),were detected to elucidate the toxicity and detoxification mechanisms of Cd(Ⅱ)for cyanobacteria.Toxicological and physiological assays on M.aeruginosa showed that the 0.25-mg/L Cd(Ⅱ)resulted in a larger inhibition on growth and F_(v)/F_(m).Nevertheless,Cd(Ⅱ)significantly induced much higher contents of superoxide dismutase(SOD),intracellular microcystin LR(MC-LR),extracellular MC-LR,and EPS.Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed that Cd(Ⅱ)was absorbed into the EPS layer.Fourier transform infrared spectrum analysis revealed that the functional groups bound with Cd(Ⅱ)of algae biomass,SL-EPS,LB-EPS,and TB-EPS were somewhat different.The C=O/C=N groups ofδ-lactam or protein were their prominent functional groups,suggesting that amide or proteins in the EPS played a key role in the adsorption in Cd(Ⅱ).The concentration of 0.25 mg/L of Cd(Ⅱ)may change the chemical structure of EPS by altering the production of protein-like substances containing tryptophan.This study indicated that M.aeruginosa could detoxify Cd(Ⅱ)stress via induction of antioxidant capacity(higher SOD activity and MC synthesis),EPS production,and modification in chemical structure of EPS.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22176059,21777042,and 22076045)the authors would also like to acknowledge support from the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality’s Yangfan Special Project(23YF1408400)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Despite the extensive application of advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)in water treatment,the efficiency of AOPs in eliminating various emerging contaminants such as halogenated antibiotics is constrained by a number of factors.Halogen moieties exhibit strong resistance to oxidative radicals,affecting the dehalogenation and detoxification efficiencies.To address these limitations of AOPs,advanced reduction processes(ARPs)have been proposed.Herein,a novel nucleophilic reductant—namely,the carbon dioxide radical anion(CO_(2)^(·-))—is introduced for the simultaneous degradation,dehalogenation,and detoxification of florfenicol(FF),a typical halogenated antibiotic.The results demonstrate that FF is completely eliminated by CO_(2)^(·-),with approximately 100%of Cland 46%of Freleased after 120 min of treatment.Simultaneous detoxification is observed,which exhibits a linear response to the release of free inorganic halogen ions(R^(2)=0.97,p<0.01).The formation of halogen-free products is the primary reason for the superior detoxification performance of this method,in comparison with conventional hydroxyl-radical-based AOPs.Products identification and density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal the underlying dehalogenation mechanism,in which the chlorine moiety of FF is more susceptible than other moieties to nucleophilic attack by CO_(2)^(·-).Moreover,CO_(2)^(·-)-based ARPs exhibit superior dehalogenation efficiencies(>75%)in degrading a series of halogenated antibiotics,including chloramphenicol(CAP),thiamphenicol(THA),diclofenac(DLF),triclosan(TCS),and ciprofloxacin(CIP).The system shows high tolerance to the pH of the solution and the presence of natural water constituents,and demonstrates an excellent degradation performance in actual groundwater,indicating the strong application potential of CO_(2)^(·-)-based ARPs in real life.Overall,this study elucidates the feasibility of CO_(2)^(·-)for the simultaneous degradation,dehalogenation,and detoxification of halogenated antibiotics and provides a promising method for their regulation during water or wastewater treatment.
文摘[Objectives]To explore the mechanism of Huanglian detoxification soup improving pain behavior by affecting serum IL-2 levels in postherpetic neuralgia(post herpes neuralgia,PHN)model rats.[Methods]20 PHN rats were randomly divided into model group(PHN group)and detoxification decoction group(n=10).In the group,10%Huanglian detoxification soup(0.4 mL/0.1 kg)was given once in the morning and evening for 14 d.The PHN group was filled with an equal volume of 0.9%sodium chloride solution.Tail vein serum inflammatory factor interleukin-2(IL-2),IL-βand IL-6 levels were measured using ELISA kits at 7 and 21 d.[Results]IL-2 increased at 14 and 21 d in IL group,while IL-βand IL-6 decreased compared with the PHN group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Huanglian detoxification soup may raise IL-2 levels after VZV infection to promote the differentiation of cells of the immune system,so as to relieve the pain caused by IL-βand IL-6 inflammatory factors.
基金supported,in part,by a grant from the German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development(GIF)(grant number I-1547-500.15/2021)funding from the Agricultural Experiment Station at the University of GeorgiaL.T.A.was supported,in part,by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation in the framework of the Alexander von Humboldt Professorship.
文摘Integrating hydrothermal treatment processes and anaerobic digestion(AD)is promising for maximizing resource recovery from biomass and organic waste.The process water generated during hydrothermal treatment contains high concentrations of organic matter,which can be converted into biogas using AD.However,process water also contains various compounds that inhibit the AD process.Fingerprinting these inhibitors and identifying suitable mitigation strategies and detoxification methods is necessary to optimize the integration of these two technologies.By examining the existing literature,we were able to:(1)compare the methane yields and organics removal efficiency during AD of various hydrothermal treatment process water;(2)catalog the main AD inhibitors found in hydrothermal treatment process water;(3)identify recalcitrant components limiting AD performance;and(4)evaluate approaches to detoxify specific inhibitors and degrade recalcitrant components.Common inhibitors in process water are organic acids(at high concentrations),total ammonia nitrogen(TAN),oxygenated organics,and N-heterocyclic compounds.Feedstock composition is the primary determinant of organic acid and TAN formation(carbohydrates-rich and protein-rich feedstocks,respectively).In contrast,processing conditions(e.g.,temperature,pressure,reaction duration)influence the formation extent of oxygenated organics and N-heterocyclic compounds.Struvite precipitation and zeolite adsorption are the most widely used approaches to eliminate TAN inhibition.In contrast,powdered and granular activated carbon and ozonation are the preferred methods to remove toxic substances before AD treatment.Currently,ozonation is the most effective approach to reduce the toxicity and recalcitrance of N and O-heterocyclic compounds during AD.Microaeration methods,which disrupt the AD microbiome less than ozone,might be more practical for nitrifying TAN and degrading recalcitrant compounds,but further research in this area is necessary.
基金supported by Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(GJHZ20240218114715029)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972163)+2 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515010005)Special funds for universities in Guangdong Province in the key areas of biomedicine and health(2023ZDZX2025)the Innovative Team Program of High Education of Guangdong Province(2021KCXTD021)。
文摘Arsenic,a known environmental carcinogen,disrupts intestinal homeostasis,posing a significant threat to human health.Mitigating its toxic effects is crucial,and this study explores the potential of swim bladder sulfated glycosaminoglycan(SBSG)in achieving this.Our previous in vitro studies have shown that SBSG to ameliorate arsenic-induced damage in intestinal epithelial cells,but its in vivo effects remain elusive.The current investigation demonstrates that SBSG exhibits a beneficial prebiotic action in vivo,regulating gut microbiota,metabolites,and intestinal barrier function to counter arsenic's adverse effects.Specifically,SBSG regulates microbiota composition,suppressing pathogenic species like Alistipes and Candidatus_Saccharimonas while promoting beneficial ones such as Ruminococcus and Akkermansia.In the colon,SBSG fermentation enhances the production of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),leading to the upregulation of GPR43,GPR109A,and Olfr78 receptors.Additionally,SBSG strengthens the intestinal barrier by increasing the expression of Claudin-1,Occludin,and ZO-1,and enhances mucin gene expression(MUC-1 and MUC-2)to address chemical barrier disruptions.Immunologically,SBSG modulates the RORγt/Foxp3 pathway and the TLR4/My D88/NF-κB signaling cascade,regulating the immune barrier.These findings suggest that SBSG could be a promising prebiotic candidate for maintaining intestinal health and may serve as a dietary supplement or adjunct in heavy metal detoxification therapies.
基金funding provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No:42307601)the Central Scientific Research Projects for Public Welfare Research Institutes(Grant No:ZX2023QT003,ZX2024QT095).
文摘Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is prevalent in various environmental media and biological matrices, posing considerable ecological and health risks due to its endocrine-disrupting, immunotoxic, neurotoxic, and carcinogenic properties. In this study, we developed an advanced mineralization process for the efficient mineralization of TBBPA, utilizing a hybrid system that combines zero-valent iron (ZVI) technology with an aerobic activated sludge method. A trimetallic material, s-Fe^(0)-Cu-Pd, was synthesized by stepwise deposition of copper and palladium onto ZVI to improve its catalytic efficiency in degrading TBBPA. Optimal conditions for TBBPA degradation, including Cu and Pd loading ratios, initial pH, trimetallic dosage, and TBBPA concentration, were systematically investigated. The s-Fe^(0)-Cu-Pd catalyst demonstrated superior performance compared to conventional ZVI and bimetallic systems, achieving 97.93 % degradation of TBBPA within 60 min, with BPA identified as the primary degradation product. Subsequent aerobic activated sludge treatment facilitated the complete degradation of intermediate products, achieving a BPA degradation rate of 100 % within 10 h. Electrochemical analyses (CV, EIS, and LSV) and DFT calculations demonstrated enhanced redox activity and electron transfer efficiency of the s-Fe^(0)-Cu-Pd. Comprehensive characterization (SEM, XRD, XPS, ESR) and macrogenomic analysis were employed to elucidate the chemical and biological degradation mechanisms and to propose potential degradation pathways. This study represents the first integration of ZVI-based trimetallic catalysts with aerobic activated sludge to enhance TBBPA degradation efficiency, offering a sustainable solution for mitigating the ecological risks associated with TBBPA contamination.
基金funded by the Characteristic Innovation Project of the Guangdong Provincial Department of Education(2024 KTSCX198)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024 A1515012201)Guangdong Feed Industry Technology System(2024 CXTD14).
文摘Background Aflatoxin B_(1)(AFB_(1))risks animal and human health,and the liver is considered the most crucial detoxification organ.Phlorotannin(PT)is a polyhydroxy phenol that has a wide range of biological activities,including antioxidation and hepatoprotection,which can promote the ability of liver detoxification.This study aimed to elucidate the protective effect of PT on AFB_(1)-induced liver damage in broilers.Results In vivo experiment showed that the PT reduced AFB_(1) content and AFB_(1)-exo-8,9-epoxide DNA(AFBODNA)concentration in serum and liver(P<0.05),improved the histomorphology of liver and hepatic mitochondria,and activated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)-related antioxidant and detoxification pathway by upregulating the activities of antioxidant enzymes(catalase[CAT],glutathione S-transferase[GST])and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)level(P<0.05),and inhibited the mRNA expression of CYP1A1(cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1)and phase Ⅱ detoxification enzyme related genes(GPX1,GSTT1,and NQO1)of broilers exposed to AFB_(1)(P<0.05).Meanwhile,PT upregulated the Nrf1 pathway-related mitochondrial biosynthetic genes(Nrf1,mitochondrial transcription factor A[TFAM],mitofusin 1[MFN1])in broilers fed AFB_(1) contaminated diet(P<0.05).In vitro verification study suggested that the use of Nrf2/Nrf1 inhibitors suppressed the ameliorative role of PT on AFB_(1)-induced liver injury of broilers,which was manifested in the mRNA expression of Nrf2,NQO1,GSTT3,Nrf1,TFAM,and other genes decreasing(P<0.05),and down-regulation of the protein expression of Nrf2,total and nucleus p-Nrf2,and total and nucleus p-Nrf1(P<0.05).Conclusion The PT ameliorates oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity by activating the Nrf2-mediated phase Ⅱ detoxification enzymes pathway and maintains mitochondrial homeostasis by activating the Nrf1 signaling pathway in broilers exposed to AFB_(1).
基金partly supported by research grants from the Outstanding Youth Foundation of the Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,China(YXQN202301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272522)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation,China(6232005)。
文摘The tobacco whitefly,Bemisia tabaci,is a notorious pest affecting various crops globally,and it exhibits high levels of resistance to various insecticides.Afidopyropen is a recently commercialized pyropene insecticide for B.tabaci control with high selectivity and a novel mode of action.We previously identified a high level of afidopyropen resistance in a field-collected population after selection in the lab,and named it the HD-Afi strain.In the present study,minimal cross-resistance in the HD-Afi strain was found between afidopyropen and other common chemical agents.However,the P450 enzyme activity in HD-Afi was 2.18 times the level in susceptible strain HD-S.Expression analysis revealed that two of 12 candidate P450 genes,namely CYP6DW3 and CYP4C64,were significantly up-regulated in HD-Afi.Silencing CYP6DW3 and CYP4C64 by RNA interference(RNAi)substantially increased the susceptibility of whitefly adults,confirming their involvement in afidopyropen resistance.Homology modeling and molecular docking analyses demonstrated stable binding of afidopyropen to CYP6DW3 and CYP4C64,with binding free energies of–6.87 and–6.11 kcal mol^(-1),respectively.The findings of this study suggest that the induction of CYP6DW3 and CYP4C64 facilitates afidopyropen detoxification,contributing to the development of resistance in B.tabaci.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1301003)the Beijing University of Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation“Spark Action”Support Program,China(BUA-HHXD2022011)the key research and development Program of Shaanxi Province,China(2022NY-095)。
文摘Mycotoxins are the most widely existing pollutants in both dietary provisions and livestock feed,and they pose a series of hazards for humans and animals.Deoxynivalenol(DON)is a prevalent mycotoxin that is primarily produced by Fusarium spp.and commonly found in various cereal products.Feeding swine diets contaminated with trichothecene DON can lead to major adverse effects,including reduced feed intake,diminished weight gains,and compromised immune function.Among all animal species,swine are the most sensitive to DON.Here we explore the disruption of gut health by DON,considering aspects such as intestinal histomorphology,epithelial barrier functions,immune system,microflora,and short-chain fatty acid production in the intestines.Numerous additives have been documented for their potential in the detoxification of DON.These additives can alleviate the toxic effects of DON on pigs by modulating the Nrf2-Keap1,mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs)and Nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)signaling pathways.Additionally,there are additives capable of mitigating the toxicity of DON through adsorption or biotransformation.This update has novel potential for advancing our comprehension of the mechanisms linked to DON intestinal toxicity and facilitating the formulation of innovative strategies to mitigate the impact of DON.
