The International Astronomical Union named a small crater on the Moon after the Moroccan explorer Ibn Battouta in 1976.The crater,located on the Moon’s visible side,is called the Ibn Battouta crater.Ibn Battouta is r...The International Astronomical Union named a small crater on the Moon after the Moroccan explorer Ibn Battouta in 1976.The crater,located on the Moon’s visible side,is called the Ibn Battouta crater.Ibn Battouta is regarded as one of the four great medieval travellers.Born in Tangier,he spent nearly 30 years exploring over 30 countries across Africa,Europe,and Asia,including China,covering approximately 120,000 km.In 1355,he documented his travels in a work known as The Rihla.This account has attracted significant academic interest due to its rich details about diverse cultures.展开更多
Announcements for this section should be submitted in the correct format at least 3 months before the required date of publication.This list is provided as a service to readers;inclusion does not imply endorsement by ...Announcements for this section should be submitted in the correct format at least 3 months before the required date of publication.This list is provided as a service to readers;inclusion does not imply endorsement by the Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases International.February,2025Emerging topic conference 2025:MASLD,Met ALD and ALD:Challenges and opportunities February 27-March 1,2025;Four Seasons Hotel Las Vegas,Nevada,USA。展开更多
Everyone likes a fantastic story.But is it better in a book or a movie?Some people enjoy books better.A book gives more details than a movie.Those details help readers understand the characters and story be社er.When y...Everyone likes a fantastic story.But is it better in a book or a movie?Some people enjoy books better.A book gives more details than a movie.Those details help readers understand the characters and story be社er.When you read,you can imagine the story your own way.展开更多
Correction to:Nuclear Science and Techniques(2024)36:8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-024-01570-7 In this article the affiliation details for Author Jian Shan were incorrectly given as‘College of Physics and Electron...Correction to:Nuclear Science and Techniques(2024)36:8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-024-01570-7 In this article the affiliation details for Author Jian Shan were incorrectly given as‘College of Physics and Electronic Engi-neering,Hengyang Normal University,Hengyang 421008,China’but should have been‘School of Nuclear Science and Technology,University of South China,Hengyang 421001,China’.The original article has been corrected.展开更多
Scientific research is a journey into an uncharted territory.Researchers need to have the big picture for navigation and at the same time be detail-oriented,as details make a difference.Here I offer a few tips for con...Scientific research is a journey into an uncharted territory.Researchers need to have the big picture for navigation and at the same time be detail-oriented,as details make a difference.Here I offer a few tips for conducting research that I summarized based on my 30+years of research experience.展开更多
Electric vehicles,powered by electricity stored in a battery pack,are developing rapidly due to the rapid development of energy storage and the related motor systems being environmentally friendly.However,thermal runa...Electric vehicles,powered by electricity stored in a battery pack,are developing rapidly due to the rapid development of energy storage and the related motor systems being environmentally friendly.However,thermal runaway is the key scientific problem in battery safety research,which can cause fire and even lead to battery explosion under impact loading.In this work,a detailed computational model simulating the mechanical deformation and predicting the short-circuit onset of the 18,650 cylindrical battery is established.The detailed computational model,including the anode,cathode,separator,winding,and battery casing,is then developed under the indentation condition.The failure criteria are subsequently established based on the force–displacement curve and the separator failure.Two methods for improving the anti-short circuit ability are proposed.Results show the three causes of the short circuit and the failure sequence of components and reveal the reason why the fire is more serious under dynamic loading than under quasi-static loading.展开更多
Purpose–The study aims to build a high-precision longitudinal dynamics model for heavy-haul trains and validate it with line test data,present an optimization method for multi-stage cyclic brakes based on the model a...Purpose–The study aims to build a high-precision longitudinal dynamics model for heavy-haul trains and validate it with line test data,present an optimization method for multi-stage cyclic brakes based on the model and conduct a multi-objective detailed evaluation of the driver’s manipulation during cyclic braking.Design/methodology/approach–The high-precision longitudinal train dynamics model was established and verified by the cyclic braking test data of the 20,000 t heavy-haul combination train on the long and steep downgrade.Then the genetic algorithm is employed for optimization subsequent to decoupling multiple cyclic braking procedures,with due consideration of driver operation rules.For evaluation,key manipulation assessments in the scenario are prioritized,supplemented by multi-objective evaluation requirements,and the computational model is employed for detailed evaluation analysis.Findings–Based on the model,experimental data reveal that the probability of longitudinal force error being less than 64.6 kN is approximately 68%,95%for less than 129.2 kN and 99.7%for less than 193.8 kN.Upon optimizing manipulations during the cyclic braking,the maximum reduction in coupler force spans from 21%∼23.9%.Andtheevaluation scoresimply that a proper elevationof the releasingspeed favorssafety.A high electric braking force,although beneficial to some extent for energy-saving,is detrimental to reducing coupler force.Originality/value–The results will provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for further ensuring the safety and energy-efficient operation of heavy haul trains on long downhill sections and improving the operational quality of heavy-haul trains.展开更多
As a vectorial property,polarization encodes high-dimensional information of light.Polarization-based imaging can characterize detailed structural features of biomedical samples label-freely.However,compared with othe...As a vectorial property,polarization encodes high-dimensional information of light.Polarization-based imaging can characterize detailed structural features of biomedical samples label-freely.However,compared with other fundamental properties of light,such as intensity,wavelength and phase,polarization has a shorter application history in biomedicine,because of the requirement for both advanced polarization optical components and computational approaches,which can be achieved nowadays with the fast theoretical and hardware development.展开更多
This work focuses on enhancing low frequency seismic data using a convolutional neural network trained on synthetic data.Traditional seismic data often lack both high and low frequencies,which are essential for detail...This work focuses on enhancing low frequency seismic data using a convolutional neural network trained on synthetic data.Traditional seismic data often lack both high and low frequencies,which are essential for detailed geological interpretation and various geophysical applications.Low frequency data is particularly valuable for reducing wavelet sidelobes and improving full waveform inversion(FWI).Conventional methods for bandwidth extension include seismic deconvolution and sparse inversion,which have limitations in recovering low frequencies.The study explores the potential of the U-net,which has been successful in other geophysical applications such as noise attenuation and seismic resolution enhancement.The novelty in our approach is that we do not rely on computationally expensive finite difference modelling to create training data.Instead,our synthetic training data is created from individual randomly perturbed events with variations in bandwidth,making it more adaptable to different data sets compared to previous deep learning methods.The method was tested on both synthetic and real seismic data,demonstrating effective low frequency reconstruction and sidelobe reduction.With a synthetic full waveform inversion to recover a velocity model and a seismic amplitude inversion to estimate acoustic impedance we demonstrate the validity and benefit of the proposed method.Overall,the study presents a robust approach to seismic bandwidth extension using deep learning,emphasizing the importance of diverse and well-designed but computationally inexpensive synthetic training data.展开更多
In recent years,deep learning has been introduced into the field of Single-pixel imaging(SPI),garnering significant attention.However,conventional networks still exhibit limitations in preserving image details.To addr...In recent years,deep learning has been introduced into the field of Single-pixel imaging(SPI),garnering significant attention.However,conventional networks still exhibit limitations in preserving image details.To address this issue,we integrate Large Kernel Convolution(LKconv)into the U-Net framework,proposing an enhanced network structure named U-LKconv network,which significantly enhances the capability to recover image details even under low sampling conditions.展开更多
To the Editors:We read with great interest the study recently published by Sun et al 1 entitled“Electroacupuncture at Tianshu(ST25)and Zusanli(ST36)alleviates stress-induced irritable bowel syndrome in mice by modula...To the Editors:We read with great interest the study recently published by Sun et al 1 entitled“Electroacupuncture at Tianshu(ST25)and Zusanli(ST36)alleviates stress-induced irritable bowel syndrome in mice by modulating gut microbiota and corticotropin-releasing factor”in which the microbial details of electroacupuncture(EA)-induced protection in irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)were investigated.展开更多
The effectiveness of deep learning networks in detecting small objects is limited,thereby posing challenges in addressing practical object detection tasks.In this research,we propose a small object detection model tha...The effectiveness of deep learning networks in detecting small objects is limited,thereby posing challenges in addressing practical object detection tasks.In this research,we propose a small object detection model that operates at multiple scales.The model incorporates a multi-level bidirectional pyramid structure,which integrates deep and shallow networks to simultaneously preserve intricate local details and augment global features.Moreover,a dedicated multi-scale detection head is integrated into the model,specifically designed to capture crucial information pertaining to small objects.Through comprehensive experimentation,we have achieved promising results,wherein our proposed model exhibits a mean average precision(mAP)that surpasses that of the well-established you only look once version 7(YOLOv7)model by 1.1%.These findings validate the improved performance of our model in both conventional and small object detection scenarios.展开更多
Objective: This paper aims to explore the impact of optimizing details in the operating room on the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of hospital infection prevention and control by surgeons, as well as the e...Objective: This paper aims to explore the impact of optimizing details in the operating room on the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of hospital infection prevention and control by surgeons, as well as the effectiveness of infection control. Methods: From January 2022 to June 2023, a total of 120 patients were screened and randomly divided into a control group (routine care and hospital infection management) and a study group (optimizing details in the operating room). Results: Significant differences were found between the two groups in the data of surgeons’ level of knowledge, attitude, and practice in hospital infection prevention and control, infection rates, and nursing satisfaction, with the study group showing better results (P Conclusion: The use of optimizing details in the operating room among surgeons can effectively improve surgeons’ level of knowledge, attitude, and practice in hospital infection prevention and control, reduce infection occurrence, and is worth promoting.展开更多
The extensive use of steel spring floating slab tracks has effectively addressed the challenge of alleviating the environmental vibrations induced by urban rail transit systems.However,under the combined action of tra...The extensive use of steel spring floating slab tracks has effectively addressed the challenge of alleviating the environmental vibrations induced by urban rail transit systems.However,under the combined action of train dynamic loads and complex environmental factors,problems,such as the fracture of steel spring vibration isolators and suspension vibrations induced by the uneven settlement of the base,often occur.The failure of isolator support stiffness is often hidden in its early stages and is challenging to identify by conventional detection methods.At the same time,it will aggravate the wheel-rail interaction,accelerate the deterioration of track structure,and even affect the driving safety.This study first establishes a detailed coupled train-floating slab track-foundation analytical model.Then the influence of the vibration isolator support stiffness failure on the dynamic indices of the floating slab track system response is analyzed.A set of defect identification methods that can detect the number of failed steel springs,severity of damage,and their location is proposed.Finally,an intelligent monitoring system for support stiffness of floating slab track is built by combining the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise algorithm and statistical data analysis and is applied to a rail line in southern China.During a three-year monitoring campaign,a suspension failure and a fracture of a steel spring were each successfully detected and detailed failure information was obtained.Field investigation results were consistent with the damage identification results.After repair,the track structure dynamic response returned to the average pre-damage level and further deterioration had been arrested.The proposed damage identification methods and monitoring system provide an approach for intelligent identification of track structure support stiffness failures.展开更多
Single Image Super-Resolution(SISR)technology aims to reconstruct a clear,high-resolution image with more information from an input low-resolution image that is blurry and contains less information.This technology has...Single Image Super-Resolution(SISR)technology aims to reconstruct a clear,high-resolution image with more information from an input low-resolution image that is blurry and contains less information.This technology has significant research value and is widely used in fields such as medical imaging,satellite image processing,and security surveillance.Despite significant progress in existing research,challenges remain in reconstructing clear and complex texture details,with issues such as edge blurring and artifacts still present.The visual perception effect still needs further enhancement.Therefore,this study proposes a Pyramid Separable Channel Attention Network(PSCAN)for the SISR task.Thismethod designs a convolutional backbone network composed of Pyramid Separable Channel Attention blocks to effectively extract and fuse multi-scale features.This expands the model’s receptive field,reduces resolution loss,and enhances the model’s ability to reconstruct texture details.Additionally,an innovative artifact loss function is designed to better distinguish between artifacts and real edge details,reducing artifacts in the reconstructed images.We conducted comprehensive ablation and comparative experiments on the Arabidopsis root image dataset and several public datasets.The experimental results show that the proposed PSCAN method achieves the best-known performance in both subjective visual effects and objective evaluation metrics,with improvements of 0.84 in Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio(PSNR)and 0.017 in Structural Similarity Index(SSIM).This demonstrates that the method can effectively preserve high-frequency texture details,reduce artifacts,and have good generalization performance.展开更多
Kazakhstan is currently drafting new construction regulations that comply with the major provisions of the Eurocodes.Such regulations are created on the basis of seismic zoning maps of various degrees of detail,develo...Kazakhstan is currently drafting new construction regulations that comply with the major provisions of the Eurocodes.Such regulations are created on the basis of seismic zoning maps of various degrees of detail,developed by our Institute of Seismology using a new methodological approach for Kazakhstan.The article is about creating the first normative map of the Detailed Seismic Zoning on a probabilistic foundation for the Republic of Kazakhstan’s East Kazakhstan region.We carried out the probabilistic assessment of seismic hazard using a methodology consistent with the main provisions of Eurocode 8and updated compared with that used in developing maps of Kazakhstan’s General Seismic Zoning and seismic microzoning of Almaty.The most thorough and current data accessible for the area under consideration were combined with contemporary analytical techniques.Updates have been done to not only the databases being used but also the way seismic sources were shown,including active faults now.On a scale of 1:1000000,precise seismic zoning maps of the East Kazakhstan region were created for two probabilities of exceedance:10%and 2%in 50 years in terms of peak ground accelerations and macroseismic intensities.The obtained seismic hazard distribution is generally consistent with the General Seismic Zoning of Kazakhstan’s previous findings.However,because active faults were included and a thoroughly revised catalog was used,there are more pronounced zones of increased danger along the fault in the western part of the region.In the west of the territory,acceleration values also increased due to a more accurate consideration of seismotectonic conditions.Zoning maps are the basis for developing new state building regulations of the Republic of Kazakhstan.展开更多
The rise in breast cancer diagnoses among Chinese women has necessitated the use of X-ray breast screening,which carries a radiation risk.This study aimed to provide a dosimetry protocol for the Chinese female populat...The rise in breast cancer diagnoses among Chinese women has necessitated the use of X-ray breast screening,which carries a radiation risk.This study aimed to provide a dosimetry protocol for the Chinese female population to replace the traditional standard that utilizes simplified breast models,for the accurate estimation of the mean glandular dose of a patient undergoing digital breast tomosynthesis(DBT).The first set of detailed Chinese female breast models and representative breast parameters was constructed.Considering backscatter radiation and computational efficiency,we improved the combination of these models and the Chinese reference adult female whole-body voxel phantom.Image acquisition for four commercial DBT systems that are widely employed in China was simulated using the Monte Carlo method to obtain the normalized glandular dose coefficients of DBT(D_(gN)^(DBT))and the glandular depth dose(D_(g)^(dep)(z))for different breast characteristics and X-ray spectra.We calculated a series of D_(gN)^(DBT) values for breasts with different percentage mass glandularities(5%,25%,50%,75%,and 100%)and compressed breast thicknesses(2,3,4,5,6,and 7 cm)at various tube potentials(25,28,30,32,35,and 49 kV)and target/filter combinations(W/Rh,W/Al,Mo/Mo,Rh/Rh,and Rh/Ag).The parameter dependence of the breast characteristics and beam conditions on D_(gN)^(DBT) in detailed breast models was investigated.The D_(gN)^(DBT) results were 14.6-51.0%lower than those of the traditional dosimetry standard in China.The difference in D_(gN)^(DBT) was mainly due to a decrease in the depth of the main energy deposition area caused by the glandular distribution along the depth direction.The results obtained in this study may be used to improve breast dosimetry in China and provide more detailed information on risk assessment during DBT.展开更多
A cascading failure of landslide dams caused by strong earthquakes or torrential rains in mountainous river valleys can pose great threats to people’s lives,properties,and infrastructures.In this study,based on the t...A cascading failure of landslide dams caused by strong earthquakes or torrential rains in mountainous river valleys can pose great threats to people’s lives,properties,and infrastructures.In this study,based on the three-dimensional Reynoldsaveraged Navier-Stokes equations(RANS),the renormalization group(RNG)k-εturbulence model,suspended and bed load transport equations,and the instability discriminant formula of dam breach side slope,and the explicit finite volume method(FVM),a detailed numerical simulation model for calculating the hydro-morphodynamic characteristics of cascading dam breach process has been developed.The developed numerical model can simulate the breach hydrograph and the dam breach morphology evolution during the cascading failure process of landslide dams.A model test of the breaches of two cascading landslide dams has been used as the validation case.The comparison of the calculated and measured results indicates that the breach hydrograph and the breach morphology evolution process of the upstream and downstream dams are generally consistent with each other,and the relative errors of the key breaching parameters,i.e.,the peak breach flow and the time to peak of each dam,are less than±5%.Further,the comparison of the breach hydrographs of the upstream and downstream dams shows that there is an amplification effect of the breach flood on the cascading landslide dam failures.Three key parameters,i.e.,the distance between the upstream and the downstream dams,the river channel slope,and the downstream dam height,have been used to study the flood amplification effect.The parameter sensitivity analyses show that the peak breach flow at the downstream dam decreases with increasing distance between the upstream and the downstream dams,and the downstream dam height.Further,the peak breach flow at the downstream dam first increases and then decreases with steepening of the river channel slope.When the flood caused by the upstream dam failure flows to the downstream dam,it can produce a surge wave that overtops and erodes the dam crest,resulting in a lowering of the dam crest elevation.This has an impact on the failure occurrence time and the peak breach flow of the downstream dam.The influence of the surge wave on the downstream dam failure process is related to the volume of water that overtops the dam crest and the erosion characteristics of dam material.Moreover,the cascading failure case of the Xiaogangjian and Lower Xiaogangjian landslide dams has also been used as the representative case for validating the model.In comparisons of the calculated and measured breach hydrographs and final breach morphologies,the relative errors of the key dam breaching parameters are all within±10%,which verify the rationality of the model is applicable to real-world cases.Overall,the numerical model developed in this study can provide important technical support for the risk assessment and emergency treatment of failures of cascading landslide dams.展开更多
With the increasing demand for high-resolution x-ray tomography in battery characterization,the challenges of storing,transmitting,and analyzing substantial imaging data necessitate more efficient solutions.Traditiona...With the increasing demand for high-resolution x-ray tomography in battery characterization,the challenges of storing,transmitting,and analyzing substantial imaging data necessitate more efficient solutions.Traditional data compression methods struggle to balance reduction ratio and image quality,often failing to preserve critical details for accurate analysis.This study proposes a machine learning-assisted compression method tailored for battery x-ray imaging data.Leveraging physics-informed representation learning,our approach significantly reduces file sizes without sacrificing meaningful information.We validate the method on typical battery materials and different x-ray imaging techniques,demonstrating its effectiveness in preserving structural and chemical details.Experimental results show an up-to-95 compression ratio while maintaining high fidelity in the projection and reconstructed images.The proposed framework provides a promising solution for managing large-scale battery x-ray imaging datasets,facilitating significant advancements in battery research and development.展开更多
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis(TB)is a chronic respiratory infectious disease that considerably jeopardizes human health,and there is no effective vaccine suitable for its prevention in the entire population.AIM To investiga...BACKGROUND Tuberculosis(TB)is a chronic respiratory infectious disease that considerably jeopardizes human health,and there is no effective vaccine suitable for its prevention in the entire population.AIM To investigate the promotion of medication adherence and disease cognition in patients with drug-resistant(DR-)TB using detailed nursing management.METHODS In total,114 patients with DR-TB who were diagnosed and treated at our hospital between January 2019 and January 2023 were included in this study.Patients in the control group(n=57)were managed with conventional nursing care,while those in the observation group(n=57)were managed with detailed nursing care.Medication adherence,disease awareness scores,medication safety,and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups after the intervention.RESULTS The post-intervention medication compliance rate was 91.23%in the observation group and 75.44%in the control group,with the former being 15.79%higher than the latter(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the disease awareness scores between the two groups before the intervention;the disease awareness scores of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group after the intervention(P<0.05).The incidence of gastrointestinal reactions,joint swelling and pain,hearing loss,electrolyte disorders,and liver and kidney function abnormalities were lower in the observation group than those in the control group.The total nursing satisfaction of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Implementation of detailed nursing management for patients with DR-TB can effectively improve medication adherence,enhance awareness of the disease,ensure safety of medication,and improve satisfaction with nursing care.展开更多
文摘The International Astronomical Union named a small crater on the Moon after the Moroccan explorer Ibn Battouta in 1976.The crater,located on the Moon’s visible side,is called the Ibn Battouta crater.Ibn Battouta is regarded as one of the four great medieval travellers.Born in Tangier,he spent nearly 30 years exploring over 30 countries across Africa,Europe,and Asia,including China,covering approximately 120,000 km.In 1355,he documented his travels in a work known as The Rihla.This account has attracted significant academic interest due to its rich details about diverse cultures.
文摘Announcements for this section should be submitted in the correct format at least 3 months before the required date of publication.This list is provided as a service to readers;inclusion does not imply endorsement by the Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases International.February,2025Emerging topic conference 2025:MASLD,Met ALD and ALD:Challenges and opportunities February 27-March 1,2025;Four Seasons Hotel Las Vegas,Nevada,USA。
文摘Everyone likes a fantastic story.But is it better in a book or a movie?Some people enjoy books better.A book gives more details than a movie.Those details help readers understand the characters and story be社er.When you read,you can imagine the story your own way.
文摘Correction to:Nuclear Science and Techniques(2024)36:8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-024-01570-7 In this article the affiliation details for Author Jian Shan were incorrectly given as‘College of Physics and Electronic Engi-neering,Hengyang Normal University,Hengyang 421008,China’but should have been‘School of Nuclear Science and Technology,University of South China,Hengyang 421001,China’.The original article has been corrected.
文摘Scientific research is a journey into an uncharted territory.Researchers need to have the big picture for navigation and at the same time be detail-oriented,as details make a difference.Here I offer a few tips for conducting research that I summarized based on my 30+years of research experience.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Numbers:12172149 and 12172151).
文摘Electric vehicles,powered by electricity stored in a battery pack,are developing rapidly due to the rapid development of energy storage and the related motor systems being environmentally friendly.However,thermal runaway is the key scientific problem in battery safety research,which can cause fire and even lead to battery explosion under impact loading.In this work,a detailed computational model simulating the mechanical deformation and predicting the short-circuit onset of the 18,650 cylindrical battery is established.The detailed computational model,including the anode,cathode,separator,winding,and battery casing,is then developed under the indentation condition.The failure criteria are subsequently established based on the force–displacement curve and the separator failure.Two methods for improving the anti-short circuit ability are proposed.Results show the three causes of the short circuit and the failure sequence of components and reveal the reason why the fire is more serious under dynamic loading than under quasi-static loading.
文摘Purpose–The study aims to build a high-precision longitudinal dynamics model for heavy-haul trains and validate it with line test data,present an optimization method for multi-stage cyclic brakes based on the model and conduct a multi-objective detailed evaluation of the driver’s manipulation during cyclic braking.Design/methodology/approach–The high-precision longitudinal train dynamics model was established and verified by the cyclic braking test data of the 20,000 t heavy-haul combination train on the long and steep downgrade.Then the genetic algorithm is employed for optimization subsequent to decoupling multiple cyclic braking procedures,with due consideration of driver operation rules.For evaluation,key manipulation assessments in the scenario are prioritized,supplemented by multi-objective evaluation requirements,and the computational model is employed for detailed evaluation analysis.Findings–Based on the model,experimental data reveal that the probability of longitudinal force error being less than 64.6 kN is approximately 68%,95%for less than 129.2 kN and 99.7%for less than 193.8 kN.Upon optimizing manipulations during the cyclic braking,the maximum reduction in coupler force spans from 21%∼23.9%.Andtheevaluation scoresimply that a proper elevationof the releasingspeed favorssafety.A high electric braking force,although beneficial to some extent for energy-saving,is detrimental to reducing coupler force.Originality/value–The results will provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for further ensuring the safety and energy-efficient operation of heavy haul trains on long downhill sections and improving the operational quality of heavy-haul trains.
文摘As a vectorial property,polarization encodes high-dimensional information of light.Polarization-based imaging can characterize detailed structural features of biomedical samples label-freely.However,compared with other fundamental properties of light,such as intensity,wavelength and phase,polarization has a shorter application history in biomedicine,because of the requirement for both advanced polarization optical components and computational approaches,which can be achieved nowadays with the fast theoretical and hardware development.
文摘This work focuses on enhancing low frequency seismic data using a convolutional neural network trained on synthetic data.Traditional seismic data often lack both high and low frequencies,which are essential for detailed geological interpretation and various geophysical applications.Low frequency data is particularly valuable for reducing wavelet sidelobes and improving full waveform inversion(FWI).Conventional methods for bandwidth extension include seismic deconvolution and sparse inversion,which have limitations in recovering low frequencies.The study explores the potential of the U-net,which has been successful in other geophysical applications such as noise attenuation and seismic resolution enhancement.The novelty in our approach is that we do not rely on computationally expensive finite difference modelling to create training data.Instead,our synthetic training data is created from individual randomly perturbed events with variations in bandwidth,making it more adaptable to different data sets compared to previous deep learning methods.The method was tested on both synthetic and real seismic data,demonstrating effective low frequency reconstruction and sidelobe reduction.With a synthetic full waveform inversion to recover a velocity model and a seismic amplitude inversion to estimate acoustic impedance we demonstrate the validity and benefit of the proposed method.Overall,the study presents a robust approach to seismic bandwidth extension using deep learning,emphasizing the importance of diverse and well-designed but computationally inexpensive synthetic training data.
文摘In recent years,deep learning has been introduced into the field of Single-pixel imaging(SPI),garnering significant attention.However,conventional networks still exhibit limitations in preserving image details.To address this issue,we integrate Large Kernel Convolution(LKconv)into the U-Net framework,proposing an enhanced network structure named U-LKconv network,which significantly enhances the capability to recover image details even under low sampling conditions.
文摘To the Editors:We read with great interest the study recently published by Sun et al 1 entitled“Electroacupuncture at Tianshu(ST25)and Zusanli(ST36)alleviates stress-induced irritable bowel syndrome in mice by modulating gut microbiota and corticotropin-releasing factor”in which the microbial details of electroacupuncture(EA)-induced protection in irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)were investigated.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62103298)the South African National Research Foundation(Nos.132797 and 137951)。
文摘The effectiveness of deep learning networks in detecting small objects is limited,thereby posing challenges in addressing practical object detection tasks.In this research,we propose a small object detection model that operates at multiple scales.The model incorporates a multi-level bidirectional pyramid structure,which integrates deep and shallow networks to simultaneously preserve intricate local details and augment global features.Moreover,a dedicated multi-scale detection head is integrated into the model,specifically designed to capture crucial information pertaining to small objects.Through comprehensive experimentation,we have achieved promising results,wherein our proposed model exhibits a mean average precision(mAP)that surpasses that of the well-established you only look once version 7(YOLOv7)model by 1.1%.These findings validate the improved performance of our model in both conventional and small object detection scenarios.
文摘Objective: This paper aims to explore the impact of optimizing details in the operating room on the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of hospital infection prevention and control by surgeons, as well as the effectiveness of infection control. Methods: From January 2022 to June 2023, a total of 120 patients were screened and randomly divided into a control group (routine care and hospital infection management) and a study group (optimizing details in the operating room). Results: Significant differences were found between the two groups in the data of surgeons’ level of knowledge, attitude, and practice in hospital infection prevention and control, infection rates, and nursing satisfaction, with the study group showing better results (P Conclusion: The use of optimizing details in the operating room among surgeons can effectively improve surgeons’ level of knowledge, attitude, and practice in hospital infection prevention and control, reduce infection occurrence, and is worth promoting.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51978585 and 52008264)the Applied Basic Research Programs of Science and Technology Commission Foundation of Sichuan Province(No.2020YJ0214)+1 种基金the Foundation of High-speed Rail Joint Fund Key Projects of Basic Research(No.U1734207)the Foundation of National Engineering Laboratory for Digital Construction Evaluation Technology of Urban Rail Transit,China(No.2023JZ01).
文摘The extensive use of steel spring floating slab tracks has effectively addressed the challenge of alleviating the environmental vibrations induced by urban rail transit systems.However,under the combined action of train dynamic loads and complex environmental factors,problems,such as the fracture of steel spring vibration isolators and suspension vibrations induced by the uneven settlement of the base,often occur.The failure of isolator support stiffness is often hidden in its early stages and is challenging to identify by conventional detection methods.At the same time,it will aggravate the wheel-rail interaction,accelerate the deterioration of track structure,and even affect the driving safety.This study first establishes a detailed coupled train-floating slab track-foundation analytical model.Then the influence of the vibration isolator support stiffness failure on the dynamic indices of the floating slab track system response is analyzed.A set of defect identification methods that can detect the number of failed steel springs,severity of damage,and their location is proposed.Finally,an intelligent monitoring system for support stiffness of floating slab track is built by combining the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise algorithm and statistical data analysis and is applied to a rail line in southern China.During a three-year monitoring campaign,a suspension failure and a fracture of a steel spring were each successfully detected and detailed failure information was obtained.Field investigation results were consistent with the damage identification results.After repair,the track structure dynamic response returned to the average pre-damage level and further deterioration had been arrested.The proposed damage identification methods and monitoring system provide an approach for intelligent identification of track structure support stiffness failures.
基金supported by Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project(No.Z221100007122003).
文摘Single Image Super-Resolution(SISR)technology aims to reconstruct a clear,high-resolution image with more information from an input low-resolution image that is blurry and contains less information.This technology has significant research value and is widely used in fields such as medical imaging,satellite image processing,and security surveillance.Despite significant progress in existing research,challenges remain in reconstructing clear and complex texture details,with issues such as edge blurring and artifacts still present.The visual perception effect still needs further enhancement.Therefore,this study proposes a Pyramid Separable Channel Attention Network(PSCAN)for the SISR task.Thismethod designs a convolutional backbone network composed of Pyramid Separable Channel Attention blocks to effectively extract and fuse multi-scale features.This expands the model’s receptive field,reduces resolution loss,and enhances the model’s ability to reconstruct texture details.Additionally,an innovative artifact loss function is designed to better distinguish between artifacts and real edge details,reducing artifacts in the reconstructed images.We conducted comprehensive ablation and comparative experiments on the Arabidopsis root image dataset and several public datasets.The experimental results show that the proposed PSCAN method achieves the best-known performance in both subjective visual effects and objective evaluation metrics,with improvements of 0.84 in Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio(PSNR)and 0.017 in Structural Similarity Index(SSIM).This demonstrates that the method can effectively preserve high-frequency texture details,reduce artifacts,and have good generalization performance.
基金the“Seismic hazard assessment of the territories of regions and cities of Kazakhstan on a modern scientific and methodological basis”,program code F.0980,IRN OR11465449The funding source is the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan。
文摘Kazakhstan is currently drafting new construction regulations that comply with the major provisions of the Eurocodes.Such regulations are created on the basis of seismic zoning maps of various degrees of detail,developed by our Institute of Seismology using a new methodological approach for Kazakhstan.The article is about creating the first normative map of the Detailed Seismic Zoning on a probabilistic foundation for the Republic of Kazakhstan’s East Kazakhstan region.We carried out the probabilistic assessment of seismic hazard using a methodology consistent with the main provisions of Eurocode 8and updated compared with that used in developing maps of Kazakhstan’s General Seismic Zoning and seismic microzoning of Almaty.The most thorough and current data accessible for the area under consideration were combined with contemporary analytical techniques.Updates have been done to not only the databases being used but also the way seismic sources were shown,including active faults now.On a scale of 1:1000000,precise seismic zoning maps of the East Kazakhstan region were created for two probabilities of exceedance:10%and 2%in 50 years in terms of peak ground accelerations and macroseismic intensities.The obtained seismic hazard distribution is generally consistent with the General Seismic Zoning of Kazakhstan’s previous findings.However,because active faults were included and a thoroughly revised catalog was used,there are more pronounced zones of increased danger along the fault in the western part of the region.In the west of the territory,acceleration values also increased due to a more accurate consideration of seismotectonic conditions.Zoning maps are the basis for developing new state building regulations of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2167209 and 12175114)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFF0603600).
文摘The rise in breast cancer diagnoses among Chinese women has necessitated the use of X-ray breast screening,which carries a radiation risk.This study aimed to provide a dosimetry protocol for the Chinese female population to replace the traditional standard that utilizes simplified breast models,for the accurate estimation of the mean glandular dose of a patient undergoing digital breast tomosynthesis(DBT).The first set of detailed Chinese female breast models and representative breast parameters was constructed.Considering backscatter radiation and computational efficiency,we improved the combination of these models and the Chinese reference adult female whole-body voxel phantom.Image acquisition for four commercial DBT systems that are widely employed in China was simulated using the Monte Carlo method to obtain the normalized glandular dose coefficients of DBT(D_(gN)^(DBT))and the glandular depth dose(D_(g)^(dep)(z))for different breast characteristics and X-ray spectra.We calculated a series of D_(gN)^(DBT) values for breasts with different percentage mass glandularities(5%,25%,50%,75%,and 100%)and compressed breast thicknesses(2,3,4,5,6,and 7 cm)at various tube potentials(25,28,30,32,35,and 49 kV)and target/filter combinations(W/Rh,W/Al,Mo/Mo,Rh/Rh,and Rh/Ag).The parameter dependence of the breast characteristics and beam conditions on D_(gN)^(DBT) in detailed breast models was investigated.The D_(gN)^(DBT) results were 14.6-51.0%lower than those of the traditional dosimetry standard in China.The difference in D_(gN)^(DBT) was mainly due to a decrease in the depth of the main energy deposition area caused by the glandular distribution along the depth direction.The results obtained in this study may be used to improve breast dosimetry in China and provide more detailed information on risk assessment during DBT.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U22A20602,U2040221).
文摘A cascading failure of landslide dams caused by strong earthquakes or torrential rains in mountainous river valleys can pose great threats to people’s lives,properties,and infrastructures.In this study,based on the three-dimensional Reynoldsaveraged Navier-Stokes equations(RANS),the renormalization group(RNG)k-εturbulence model,suspended and bed load transport equations,and the instability discriminant formula of dam breach side slope,and the explicit finite volume method(FVM),a detailed numerical simulation model for calculating the hydro-morphodynamic characteristics of cascading dam breach process has been developed.The developed numerical model can simulate the breach hydrograph and the dam breach morphology evolution during the cascading failure process of landslide dams.A model test of the breaches of two cascading landslide dams has been used as the validation case.The comparison of the calculated and measured results indicates that the breach hydrograph and the breach morphology evolution process of the upstream and downstream dams are generally consistent with each other,and the relative errors of the key breaching parameters,i.e.,the peak breach flow and the time to peak of each dam,are less than±5%.Further,the comparison of the breach hydrographs of the upstream and downstream dams shows that there is an amplification effect of the breach flood on the cascading landslide dam failures.Three key parameters,i.e.,the distance between the upstream and the downstream dams,the river channel slope,and the downstream dam height,have been used to study the flood amplification effect.The parameter sensitivity analyses show that the peak breach flow at the downstream dam decreases with increasing distance between the upstream and the downstream dams,and the downstream dam height.Further,the peak breach flow at the downstream dam first increases and then decreases with steepening of the river channel slope.When the flood caused by the upstream dam failure flows to the downstream dam,it can produce a surge wave that overtops and erodes the dam crest,resulting in a lowering of the dam crest elevation.This has an impact on the failure occurrence time and the peak breach flow of the downstream dam.The influence of the surge wave on the downstream dam failure process is related to the volume of water that overtops the dam crest and the erosion characteristics of dam material.Moreover,the cascading failure case of the Xiaogangjian and Lower Xiaogangjian landslide dams has also been used as the representative case for validating the model.In comparisons of the calculated and measured breach hydrographs and final breach morphologies,the relative errors of the key dam breaching parameters are all within±10%,which verify the rationality of the model is applicable to real-world cases.Overall,the numerical model developed in this study can provide important technical support for the risk assessment and emergency treatment of failures of cascading landslide dams.
基金supported by the New Energy Vehicle Power Battery Life Cycle Testing and Verification Public Service Platform Project(Grant No.2022-235-224)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52303301)M.Ng’s research is supported in part by the HKRGC GRF 17201020 and 17300021,HKRGC CRF C7004-21GF,and Joint NSFCRGC N-HKU769/21。
文摘With the increasing demand for high-resolution x-ray tomography in battery characterization,the challenges of storing,transmitting,and analyzing substantial imaging data necessitate more efficient solutions.Traditional data compression methods struggle to balance reduction ratio and image quality,often failing to preserve critical details for accurate analysis.This study proposes a machine learning-assisted compression method tailored for battery x-ray imaging data.Leveraging physics-informed representation learning,our approach significantly reduces file sizes without sacrificing meaningful information.We validate the method on typical battery materials and different x-ray imaging techniques,demonstrating its effectiveness in preserving structural and chemical details.Experimental results show an up-to-95 compression ratio while maintaining high fidelity in the projection and reconstructed images.The proposed framework provides a promising solution for managing large-scale battery x-ray imaging datasets,facilitating significant advancements in battery research and development.
文摘BACKGROUND Tuberculosis(TB)is a chronic respiratory infectious disease that considerably jeopardizes human health,and there is no effective vaccine suitable for its prevention in the entire population.AIM To investigate the promotion of medication adherence and disease cognition in patients with drug-resistant(DR-)TB using detailed nursing management.METHODS In total,114 patients with DR-TB who were diagnosed and treated at our hospital between January 2019 and January 2023 were included in this study.Patients in the control group(n=57)were managed with conventional nursing care,while those in the observation group(n=57)were managed with detailed nursing care.Medication adherence,disease awareness scores,medication safety,and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups after the intervention.RESULTS The post-intervention medication compliance rate was 91.23%in the observation group and 75.44%in the control group,with the former being 15.79%higher than the latter(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the disease awareness scores between the two groups before the intervention;the disease awareness scores of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group after the intervention(P<0.05).The incidence of gastrointestinal reactions,joint swelling and pain,hearing loss,electrolyte disorders,and liver and kidney function abnormalities were lower in the observation group than those in the control group.The total nursing satisfaction of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Implementation of detailed nursing management for patients with DR-TB can effectively improve medication adherence,enhance awareness of the disease,ensure safety of medication,and improve satisfaction with nursing care.
