With rising consumer spending power and growing demand for personalization,the role of jewelry designers in product innovation and brand building has become increasingly prominent,and the realization of their commerci...With rising consumer spending power and growing demand for personalization,the role of jewelry designers in product innovation and brand building has become increasingly prominent,and the realization of their commercial value has emerged as a key competitive driver in the industry.This paper employs a combination of literature review and case analysis to first define the connotation and evaluation dimensions of jewelry designers’commercial value.Next,it examines successful practices of representative designers at home and abroad,analyzing their core strategies in brand development,market positioning,channel collaboration,and innovation models.Finally,based on these findings,it proposes a systematic path for building personal brands,deepening value‐chain collaboration,and exploring cross-field innovation.The study demonstrates that effective brand building and differentiated positioning can significantly enhance a designer’s bargaining power,while coordinated upstream–downstream value-chain efforts and diverse innovation models—spanning technology and culture—provide vital support for sustained growth in commercial value.This paper aims to offer actionable strategic frameworks for industry practitioners and decision makers and to outline directions for future research.展开更多
The main purpose of this study was to carry out the DACUM(developing a curriculum)analysis in studying the job functions for digital media designers in Taiwan,China as a case study.The primary tasks were twofold:(A)St...The main purpose of this study was to carry out the DACUM(developing a curriculum)analysis in studying the job functions for digital media designers in Taiwan,China as a case study.The primary tasks were twofold:(A)Study the DACUM Occupational Analysis'connotation and(B)Investigate the outputs of the DACUM Occupational Analysis and establish a job function profile for digital media designers.The research method included(a)Literature Review,to review and discuss the connotation of DACUM Occupational Analysis and(b)Comparative Study,in which a variety of charts of the occupational analysis obtained from the Literature Review were compared to reach conclusions.In summary,various DACUM charts obtained from literature reviews on digital media design jobs appeared significantly different in contents of the charts.Therefore,in any future and consecutive DACUM Occupational Analysis,exiting DACUM Charts could be referenced as the starting point for the DACUM process;then the parameters such as the number of facilitators,panelists,number of tasks,job function duties,personal traits,tools and attributes,etc.should be reviewed and optimized depending on the actual requirement,local development,cultural background,local training and educational levels,etc..Hopefully the case study in establishing the job function descriptions for digital media designers in Taiwan,China presented in the Conclusion Section of this report has demonstrated this process satisfactorily.展开更多
On April 13,1996,the 4th Brother CupChina International Garment YouthDesigners Competition was held inBeijing.The final competition was attendedby 36 young designers from 18 countries andregions,including the UK,Franc...On April 13,1996,the 4th Brother CupChina International Garment YouthDesigners Competition was held inBeijing.The final competition was attendedby 36 young designers from 18 countries andregions,including the UK,France,Japan,Germany,Italy,Spain,Canada,Finland,India,the US,Russia,Singapore,Malaysia,Honduras,Niger and Hongkong.展开更多
Shanghai, China. August 29, 2008-Cutting edge fashion and design, advanced textile technology and innovative industry partnerships were brought together in Shanghai at the launch of XLA? Denim Fashion Show to introduc...Shanghai, China. August 29, 2008-Cutting edge fashion and design, advanced textile technology and innovative industry partnerships were brought together in Shanghai at the launch of XLA? Denim Fashion Show to introduce the next-generation XLA<sup>TM</sup> stretch fiber for denim application.展开更多
Ickes （1997） has mentioned that empathy is a complex form of psychological inference in which observation, memory, knowledge, and reasoning are combined to yield insights into the thoughts and feelings of others. Th...Ickes （1997） has mentioned that empathy is a complex form of psychological inference in which observation, memory, knowledge, and reasoning are combined to yield insights into the thoughts and feelings of others. The phenomenon of empathy has been discussed in philosophy, aesthetics, and psychology for many years. In the beginning of the 20th century, an extensive discussion on this phenomenon has been led by European intuition phenomenologists such as Husserl, Sartre, Brunswik, and Heider, etc. It is known that the theory of its development relates to understanding human feelings and emotions. Empathic design in the design field has developed emotional design, inclusion design and universal design, etc. Empathic design is an emerging issue in the design field. What are empathic design, designing process, design methodologies, and a strategic design model？ Why is empathic design important to the creative and designing processes？ Empathic design is one of the useful ways to understand interpersonal relationships that might influence the creative and designing processes, design strategies and innovation. Empathic design that emphasizes listening to the voice from customer＇s heart and designing this into design has been proved to be something the customer really needs in brand communication messages and brand values. This paper researches, investigates and gathers the research methodologies and combines a literature review, case study, structured interviews, and grounded theory. The structured interviews comprise four designers who worked in the brand design department, including two senior designers and two junior designers. Thus, a literature review is conducted in this research to discuss the empathic design model, explore founding theories and then seek to analyze and propose a structured empathic design model. Finally, the research presents an empathic design model to explain several denominations, which are empathic communication, empathic aesthetics, empathic innovation, empathic methodologies, empathic culture and others. The design creation process from abstract ideas to concrete manifestation for reference of design students, design teaching, and design practice.展开更多
Metaphors have been used in web user interface designs from the earliest stages of the web. As technology has evolved into various web fields, metaphors have become even more useful and at the same time more sophistic...Metaphors have been used in web user interface designs from the earliest stages of the web. As technology has evolved into various web fields, metaphors have become even more useful and at the same time more sophisticated. A current-generation site not only has an overall theme for the site, but the organization of the information and the navigational scheme is based on a metaphor of the theme, called a Web Metaphor. A web metaphor is a design element that helps the user to leverage their existing experience in the abstract environment of the web. In this study, an approach to a thinking process model for web design is proposed through the concept of metaphors, and a theoretical analysis based on creative thinking for solving design problems is studied. This study aims to provide a glimpse into the world of metaphors and how they can be used in user interface design, to analyze selected examples, and to introduce a model web design process. As the study of the essence of creative thinking in web design is ongoing, diverse possibilities for solving problems in web design can be found through the theoretical modeling of thinking in web design. This study will also explore strategic and effective web design by establishing a mental model for web designers based on the study of metaphors that will inspire the thinking of designers.展开更多
In this study,an inverse design framework was established to find lightweight honeycomb structures(HCSs)with high impact resistance.The hybrid HCS,composed of re-entrant(RE)and elliptical annular re-entrant(EARE)honey...In this study,an inverse design framework was established to find lightweight honeycomb structures(HCSs)with high impact resistance.The hybrid HCS,composed of re-entrant(RE)and elliptical annular re-entrant(EARE)honeycomb cells,was created by constructing arrangement matrices to achieve structural lightweight.The machine learning(ML)framework consisted of a neural network(NN)forward regression model for predicting impact resistance and a multi-objective optimization algorithm for generating high-performance designs.The surrogate of the local design space was initially realized by establishing the NN in the small sample dataset,and the active learning strategy was used to continuously extended the local optimal design until the model converged in the global space.The results indicated that the active learning strategy significantly improved the inference capability of the NN model in unknown design domains.By guiding the iteration direction of the optimization algorithm,lightweight designs with high impact resistance were identified.The energy absorption capacity of the optimal design reached 94.98%of the EARE honeycomb,while the initial peak stress and mass decreased by 28.85%and 19.91%,respectively.Furthermore,Shapley Additive Explanations(SHAP)for global explanation of the NN indicated a strong correlation between the arrangement mode of HCS and its impact resistance.By reducing the stiffness of the cells at the top boundary of the structure,the initial impact damage sustained by the structure can be significantly improved.Overall,this study proposed a general lightweight design method for array structures under impact loads,which is beneficial for the widespread application of honeycomb-based protective structures.展开更多
Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4(CCD4)controls the rate-limiting step ofβ-ionone biosynthesis,making it a valuable target for healthcare and pharmaceutical applications.Nicotiana tabacum,a carotenoid-richd crop spec...Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4(CCD4)controls the rate-limiting step ofβ-ionone biosynthesis,making it a valuable target for healthcare and pharmaceutical applications.Nicotiana tabacum,a carotenoid-richd crop species,is a promising source forβ-ionone production.This study aimed to modify CCD4 activity to increaseβ-ionone yield in tobacco.We identified two isoforms of CCD4 in N.tabacum,NtCCD4a and NtCCD4b,with NtCCD4a exhibiting significantly higher expression levels than NtCCD4b.Using solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(SPME-GC–MS),we demonstrated that NtCCD4a effectively catalyzes the cleavage ofβ-carotene to produceβ-ionone.To improve its enzymatic activity,we applied structure-based rational design to reconstruct the active pocket of NtCCD4a,followed by high-throughput screening of mutant variants.Three single base mutants,F181G,F184L,and F337M,in NtCCD4a showed enhancedβ-ionone production compared to the wild-type,with F337M yielding the highest amount.No synergistic effects were observed among the three mutants.Transgenic tobacco plants expressing the F181G,F184L,and F337M mutations had acceleratedβ-carotene cleavage and increasedβ-ionone production relative to the wild-type NtCCD4a.Our results establish a framework for the design of CCD4 in major crop species through genome editing technology.展开更多
Biological nitrogen fixation(BNF)and photosynthetic carbon fixation underpin food production and climate mitigation,yet natural systems are constrained by oxygen sensitivity,high energy demand,and inefficient catalyst...Biological nitrogen fixation(BNF)and photosynthetic carbon fixation underpin food production and climate mitigation,yet natural systems are constrained by oxygen sensitivity,high energy demand,and inefficient catalysts.This review synthesizes advances that recast these processes as engineering targets and proposes a conceptual roadmap that bridges synthetic symbioses with the synthetic biology of enzymes and pathways.For BNF,progress spans cross-kingdom strategies—from refactoring nif gene sets and targeting nitrogenase assembly to eukaryotic organelles,to engineering plant-associated diazotrophs,rhizosphere control circuits,and emerging nodule-like microenvironments.For carbon assimilation,new-to-nature CO_(2)-fixation modules and photorespiratory bypasses illustrate how pathway redesign and alternative carboxylases can circumvent key Calvin–Benson–Bassham limitations,and expanding photosynthetic light capture offers additional leverage.Across these domains,we extract common design principles:(i)nitrogenase output is increasingly governed by carbon/energy supply and electron delivery as much as by oxygen protection;(ii)robust function requires compartment-aware enzyme–chassis coordination,substrate channeling,and dynamic regulation using sensors and control circuits;and(iii)scalable implementation may benefit from distributing metabolic labor across engineered consortia rather than forcing all functions into a single host.We discuss enabling technologies—including AI-guided protein design and directed evolution,cell-free prototyping,chassis toolkits,and materials/bioelectrochemical interfaces—that can accelerate design–build–test–learn cycles and reduce barriers to deployment.Together,these insights define a path toward integrated nitrogen and carbon fixation systems for low-emission agriculture and biomanufacturing.展开更多
Biomass-based hydrocarbon fuels,as one of the alternatives to traditional fossil fuels,have attracted considerable attention in the energy field due to their renewability and environmental benefits.This article provid...Biomass-based hydrocarbon fuels,as one of the alternatives to traditional fossil fuels,have attracted considerable attention in the energy field due to their renewability and environmental benefits.This article provides a systematic review of recent research progress in the chemical synthesis of biomass-based hydrocarbon fuels.It outlines the conversion pathways using feedstocks such as lipids,terpenoids,cellulose/hemicellulose,and lignin.Depending on the feedstock,various products with distinct structural characteristics can be prepared through reactions such as cyclization,condensation,and catalytic hydrogenation.Throughout the synthesis process,three key factors play a critical role:efficient catalyst development,production process optimization,and computational-chemistry-based molecular design.Finally,the article discusses future perspectives for biomass-based hydrocarbon fuel synthesis research.展开更多
Filters,as a key component in the photoelectric detection system,can simplify the optical system and improve detection efficiency.Based on the usage requirements,a visible/near-infrared filter film with up to 5 waveba...Filters,as a key component in the photoelectric detection system,can simplify the optical system and improve detection efficiency.Based on the usage requirements,a visible/near-infrared filter film with up to 5 wavebands needs to be designed and prepared,while simultaneously satisfying high reflection in 2 wave-bands and high transmittance in 3 wavebands.Therefore,we have conducted a systematic study on the film design,thin film preparation process,and control accuracy of film layer thickness.In this work,the short-wave pass film system is superimposed with the long-wave pass film system,and the number of cycles and matching coefficient of the film system are tuned to meet the requirements of cut-off band.Additionally,Smith method was used to match bandpass film system to optimize the transmission band and complete the visible/near infrared multiband laser filter film design.In the preparation process,combined with the sensitiv-ity of the film layer,inverse analysis is used to invert the film layer monitored by each optical monitoring chip.The optical control scheme with weak optical signal in the monitoring process is simulated and correc-ted,and the monitoring wavelength with stronger optical signal is matched,resulting in an improvement of the control accuracy for the film thickness and the transmittance in the specified wavelength range.Ulti-mately,the actual physical thickness is 9.66μm,and the error with the theoretical design thickness is less than 0.4%,and the transmittance of the specified 3 wavebands exceeds 99%.The average transmittance of the cut-off bands at the 455−500 nm and 910−1000 nm is 0.45% and 0.16%,respectively.展开更多
Against the backdrop of escalating global climate change and energy crises,the resource utilization of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),a major greenhouse gas,has become a crucial pathway for achieving carbon peaking and carbon...Against the backdrop of escalating global climate change and energy crises,the resource utilization of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),a major greenhouse gas,has become a crucial pathway for achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.The hydrogenation of CO_(2)to methanol not only enables carbon sequestration and recycling,but also provides a route to produce high value-added fuels and basic chemical feedstocks,holding significant environmental and economic potential.However,this conversion process is thermodynamically and kinetically limited,and traditional catalyst systems(e.g.,Cu/ZnO/Al_(2)O_(3))exhibit inadequate activity,selectivity,and stability under mild conditions.Therefore,the development of novel high-performance catalysts with precisely tunable structures and functionalities is imperative.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),as crystalline porous materials with high surface area,tunable pore structures,and diverse metal-ligand compositions,have the great potential in CO_(2)hydrogenation catalysis.Their structural design flexibility allows for the construction of well-dispersed active sites,tailored electronic environments,and enhanced metal-support interactions.This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in MOF-based and MOF-derived catalysts for CO_(2)hydrogenation to methanol,focusing on four design strategies:(1)spatial confinement and in situ construction,(2)defect engineering and ion-exchange,(3)bimetallic synergy and hybrid structure design,and(4)MOF-derived nanomaterial synthesis.These approaches significantly improve CO_(2)conversion and methanol selectivity by optimizing metal dispersion,interfacial structures,and reaction pathways.The reaction mechanism is further explored by focusing on the three main reaction pathways:the formate pathway(HCOO*),the RWGS(Reverse Water Gas Shift reaction)+CO*hydrogenation pathway,and the trans-COOH pathway.In situ spectroscopic studies and density functional theory(DFT)calculations elucidate the formation and transformation of key intermediates,as well as the roles of active sites,metal-support interfaces,oxygen vacancies,and promoters.Additionally,representative catalytic performance data for MOFbased systems are compiled and compared,demonstrating their advantages over traditional catalysts in terms of CO_(2)conversion,methanol selectivity,and space-time yield.Future perspectives for MOF-based CO_(2)hydrogenation catalysts will prioritize two main directions:structural design and mechanistic understanding.The precise construction of active sites through multi-metallic synergy,defect engineering,and interfacial electronic modulation should be made to enhance catalyst selectivity and stability.In addition,advanced in situ characterization techniques combined with theoretical modeling are essential to unravel the detailed reaction mechanisms and intermediate behaviors,thereby guiding rational catalyst design.Moreover,to enable industrial application,challenges related to thermal/hydrothermal stability,catalyst recyclability,and cost-effective large-scale synthesis must be addressed.The development of green,scalable preparation methods and the integration of MOF catalysts into practical reaction systems(e.g.,flow reactors)will be crucial for bridging the gap between laboratory research and commercial deployment.Ultimately,multi-scale structure-performance optimization and catalytic system integration will be vital for accelerating the industrialization of MOF-based CO_(2)-to-methanol technologies.展开更多
Evaluating Adherence to Safety Standards for Physical Space Design, Equipment, and Patient and Staff Protection in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centers:A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study Amirreza Sadeghinasab1, Jafar F...Evaluating Adherence to Safety Standards for Physical Space Design, Equipment, and Patient and Staff Protection in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centers:A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study Amirreza Sadeghinasab1, Jafar Fatahiasl2, Mahmoud Mohammadi-Sadr1, Masoud Heydari Kahkesh3, and Marziyeh Tahmasbi2(1.Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran;2.Department of Radiologic Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran;3.Department of Radiology and Radiotherapy, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran)Abstract:Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) has revolutionized disease diagnosis and treatment.However, the technology poses safety risks, such as exposure to magnetic fields, RF pulses, and cryogens, necessitating strict adherence to safety protocols to protect patients and healthcare workers.展开更多
文摘With rising consumer spending power and growing demand for personalization,the role of jewelry designers in product innovation and brand building has become increasingly prominent,and the realization of their commercial value has emerged as a key competitive driver in the industry.This paper employs a combination of literature review and case analysis to first define the connotation and evaluation dimensions of jewelry designers’commercial value.Next,it examines successful practices of representative designers at home and abroad,analyzing their core strategies in brand development,market positioning,channel collaboration,and innovation models.Finally,based on these findings,it proposes a systematic path for building personal brands,deepening value‐chain collaboration,and exploring cross-field innovation.The study demonstrates that effective brand building and differentiated positioning can significantly enhance a designer’s bargaining power,while coordinated upstream–downstream value-chain efforts and diverse innovation models—spanning technology and culture—provide vital support for sustained growth in commercial value.This paper aims to offer actionable strategic frameworks for industry practitioners and decision makers and to outline directions for future research.
文摘The main purpose of this study was to carry out the DACUM(developing a curriculum)analysis in studying the job functions for digital media designers in Taiwan,China as a case study.The primary tasks were twofold:(A)Study the DACUM Occupational Analysis'connotation and(B)Investigate the outputs of the DACUM Occupational Analysis and establish a job function profile for digital media designers.The research method included(a)Literature Review,to review and discuss the connotation of DACUM Occupational Analysis and(b)Comparative Study,in which a variety of charts of the occupational analysis obtained from the Literature Review were compared to reach conclusions.In summary,various DACUM charts obtained from literature reviews on digital media design jobs appeared significantly different in contents of the charts.Therefore,in any future and consecutive DACUM Occupational Analysis,exiting DACUM Charts could be referenced as the starting point for the DACUM process;then the parameters such as the number of facilitators,panelists,number of tasks,job function duties,personal traits,tools and attributes,etc.should be reviewed and optimized depending on the actual requirement,local development,cultural background,local training and educational levels,etc..Hopefully the case study in establishing the job function descriptions for digital media designers in Taiwan,China presented in the Conclusion Section of this report has demonstrated this process satisfactorily.
文摘On April 13,1996,the 4th Brother CupChina International Garment YouthDesigners Competition was held inBeijing.The final competition was attendedby 36 young designers from 18 countries andregions,including the UK,France,Japan,Germany,Italy,Spain,Canada,Finland,India,the US,Russia,Singapore,Malaysia,Honduras,Niger and Hongkong.
文摘Shanghai, China. August 29, 2008-Cutting edge fashion and design, advanced textile technology and innovative industry partnerships were brought together in Shanghai at the launch of XLA? Denim Fashion Show to introduce the next-generation XLA<sup>TM</sup> stretch fiber for denim application.
文摘Ickes （1997） has mentioned that empathy is a complex form of psychological inference in which observation, memory, knowledge, and reasoning are combined to yield insights into the thoughts and feelings of others. The phenomenon of empathy has been discussed in philosophy, aesthetics, and psychology for many years. In the beginning of the 20th century, an extensive discussion on this phenomenon has been led by European intuition phenomenologists such as Husserl, Sartre, Brunswik, and Heider, etc. It is known that the theory of its development relates to understanding human feelings and emotions. Empathic design in the design field has developed emotional design, inclusion design and universal design, etc. Empathic design is an emerging issue in the design field. What are empathic design, designing process, design methodologies, and a strategic design model？ Why is empathic design important to the creative and designing processes？ Empathic design is one of the useful ways to understand interpersonal relationships that might influence the creative and designing processes, design strategies and innovation. Empathic design that emphasizes listening to the voice from customer＇s heart and designing this into design has been proved to be something the customer really needs in brand communication messages and brand values. This paper researches, investigates and gathers the research methodologies and combines a literature review, case study, structured interviews, and grounded theory. The structured interviews comprise four designers who worked in the brand design department, including two senior designers and two junior designers. Thus, a literature review is conducted in this research to discuss the empathic design model, explore founding theories and then seek to analyze and propose a structured empathic design model. Finally, the research presents an empathic design model to explain several denominations, which are empathic communication, empathic aesthetics, empathic innovation, empathic methodologies, empathic culture and others. The design creation process from abstract ideas to concrete manifestation for reference of design students, design teaching, and design practice.
文摘Metaphors have been used in web user interface designs from the earliest stages of the web. As technology has evolved into various web fields, metaphors have become even more useful and at the same time more sophisticated. A current-generation site not only has an overall theme for the site, but the organization of the information and the navigational scheme is based on a metaphor of the theme, called a Web Metaphor. A web metaphor is a design element that helps the user to leverage their existing experience in the abstract environment of the web. In this study, an approach to a thinking process model for web design is proposed through the concept of metaphors, and a theoretical analysis based on creative thinking for solving design problems is studied. This study aims to provide a glimpse into the world of metaphors and how they can be used in user interface design, to analyze selected examples, and to introduce a model web design process. As the study of the essence of creative thinking in web design is ongoing, diverse possibilities for solving problems in web design can be found through the theoretical modeling of thinking in web design. This study will also explore strategic and effective web design by establishing a mental model for web designers based on the study of metaphors that will inspire the thinking of designers.
基金the financial supports from National Key R&D Program for Young Scientists of China(Grant No.2022YFC3080900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52374181)+1 种基金BIT Research and Innovation Promoting Project(Grant No.2024YCXZ017)supported by Science and Technology Innovation Program of Beijing institute of technology under Grant No.2022CX01025。
文摘In this study,an inverse design framework was established to find lightweight honeycomb structures(HCSs)with high impact resistance.The hybrid HCS,composed of re-entrant(RE)and elliptical annular re-entrant(EARE)honeycomb cells,was created by constructing arrangement matrices to achieve structural lightweight.The machine learning(ML)framework consisted of a neural network(NN)forward regression model for predicting impact resistance and a multi-objective optimization algorithm for generating high-performance designs.The surrogate of the local design space was initially realized by establishing the NN in the small sample dataset,and the active learning strategy was used to continuously extended the local optimal design until the model converged in the global space.The results indicated that the active learning strategy significantly improved the inference capability of the NN model in unknown design domains.By guiding the iteration direction of the optimization algorithm,lightweight designs with high impact resistance were identified.The energy absorption capacity of the optimal design reached 94.98%of the EARE honeycomb,while the initial peak stress and mass decreased by 28.85%and 19.91%,respectively.Furthermore,Shapley Additive Explanations(SHAP)for global explanation of the NN indicated a strong correlation between the arrangement mode of HCS and its impact resistance.By reducing the stiffness of the cells at the top boundary of the structure,the initial impact damage sustained by the structure can be significantly improved.Overall,this study proposed a general lightweight design method for array structures under impact loads,which is beneficial for the widespread application of honeycomb-based protective structures.
基金funded High-Level Talents project of Henan Agricultural University(111-30501301)Project of the National key R&D Program of China(2021YFA0909600)+3 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(242300420141)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M672308)Cultivation Program for Young Backbone Teachers at Henan University of Technology(DC 11)Science Project 110202101042(JY 19)/2022530000241007,110202102033,110202202038.
文摘Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4(CCD4)controls the rate-limiting step ofβ-ionone biosynthesis,making it a valuable target for healthcare and pharmaceutical applications.Nicotiana tabacum,a carotenoid-richd crop species,is a promising source forβ-ionone production.This study aimed to modify CCD4 activity to increaseβ-ionone yield in tobacco.We identified two isoforms of CCD4 in N.tabacum,NtCCD4a and NtCCD4b,with NtCCD4a exhibiting significantly higher expression levels than NtCCD4b.Using solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(SPME-GC–MS),we demonstrated that NtCCD4a effectively catalyzes the cleavage ofβ-carotene to produceβ-ionone.To improve its enzymatic activity,we applied structure-based rational design to reconstruct the active pocket of NtCCD4a,followed by high-throughput screening of mutant variants.Three single base mutants,F181G,F184L,and F337M,in NtCCD4a showed enhancedβ-ionone production compared to the wild-type,with F337M yielding the highest amount.No synergistic effects were observed among the three mutants.Transgenic tobacco plants expressing the F181G,F184L,and F337M mutations had acceleratedβ-carotene cleavage and increasedβ-ionone production relative to the wild-type NtCCD4a.Our results establish a framework for the design of CCD4 in major crop species through genome editing technology.
基金supported by the funds of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2019YFA0904700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32471477)to Cheng Qi.
文摘Biological nitrogen fixation(BNF)and photosynthetic carbon fixation underpin food production and climate mitigation,yet natural systems are constrained by oxygen sensitivity,high energy demand,and inefficient catalysts.This review synthesizes advances that recast these processes as engineering targets and proposes a conceptual roadmap that bridges synthetic symbioses with the synthetic biology of enzymes and pathways.For BNF,progress spans cross-kingdom strategies—from refactoring nif gene sets and targeting nitrogenase assembly to eukaryotic organelles,to engineering plant-associated diazotrophs,rhizosphere control circuits,and emerging nodule-like microenvironments.For carbon assimilation,new-to-nature CO_(2)-fixation modules and photorespiratory bypasses illustrate how pathway redesign and alternative carboxylases can circumvent key Calvin–Benson–Bassham limitations,and expanding photosynthetic light capture offers additional leverage.Across these domains,we extract common design principles:(i)nitrogenase output is increasingly governed by carbon/energy supply and electron delivery as much as by oxygen protection;(ii)robust function requires compartment-aware enzyme–chassis coordination,substrate channeling,and dynamic regulation using sensors and control circuits;and(iii)scalable implementation may benefit from distributing metabolic labor across engineered consortia rather than forcing all functions into a single host.We discuss enabling technologies—including AI-guided protein design and directed evolution,cell-free prototyping,chassis toolkits,and materials/bioelectrochemical interfaces—that can accelerate design–build–test–learn cycles and reduce barriers to deployment.Together,these insights define a path toward integrated nitrogen and carbon fixation systems for low-emission agriculture and biomanufacturing.
基金Support by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22127802,22573091)the HY Action(62402010305)。
文摘Biomass-based hydrocarbon fuels,as one of the alternatives to traditional fossil fuels,have attracted considerable attention in the energy field due to their renewability and environmental benefits.This article provides a systematic review of recent research progress in the chemical synthesis of biomass-based hydrocarbon fuels.It outlines the conversion pathways using feedstocks such as lipids,terpenoids,cellulose/hemicellulose,and lignin.Depending on the feedstock,various products with distinct structural characteristics can be prepared through reactions such as cyclization,condensation,and catalytic hydrogenation.Throughout the synthesis process,three key factors play a critical role:efficient catalyst development,production process optimization,and computational-chemistry-based molecular design.Finally,the article discusses future perspectives for biomass-based hydrocarbon fuel synthesis research.
文摘Filters,as a key component in the photoelectric detection system,can simplify the optical system and improve detection efficiency.Based on the usage requirements,a visible/near-infrared filter film with up to 5 wavebands needs to be designed and prepared,while simultaneously satisfying high reflection in 2 wave-bands and high transmittance in 3 wavebands.Therefore,we have conducted a systematic study on the film design,thin film preparation process,and control accuracy of film layer thickness.In this work,the short-wave pass film system is superimposed with the long-wave pass film system,and the number of cycles and matching coefficient of the film system are tuned to meet the requirements of cut-off band.Additionally,Smith method was used to match bandpass film system to optimize the transmission band and complete the visible/near infrared multiband laser filter film design.In the preparation process,combined with the sensitiv-ity of the film layer,inverse analysis is used to invert the film layer monitored by each optical monitoring chip.The optical control scheme with weak optical signal in the monitoring process is simulated and correc-ted,and the monitoring wavelength with stronger optical signal is matched,resulting in an improvement of the control accuracy for the film thickness and the transmittance in the specified wavelength range.Ulti-mately,the actual physical thickness is 9.66μm,and the error with the theoretical design thickness is less than 0.4%,and the transmittance of the specified 3 wavebands exceeds 99%.The average transmittance of the cut-off bands at the 455−500 nm and 910−1000 nm is 0.45% and 0.16%,respectively.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB4104500,2023YFB4104502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22138013)the Taishan Scholar Project(ts201712020).
文摘Against the backdrop of escalating global climate change and energy crises,the resource utilization of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),a major greenhouse gas,has become a crucial pathway for achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.The hydrogenation of CO_(2)to methanol not only enables carbon sequestration and recycling,but also provides a route to produce high value-added fuels and basic chemical feedstocks,holding significant environmental and economic potential.However,this conversion process is thermodynamically and kinetically limited,and traditional catalyst systems(e.g.,Cu/ZnO/Al_(2)O_(3))exhibit inadequate activity,selectivity,and stability under mild conditions.Therefore,the development of novel high-performance catalysts with precisely tunable structures and functionalities is imperative.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),as crystalline porous materials with high surface area,tunable pore structures,and diverse metal-ligand compositions,have the great potential in CO_(2)hydrogenation catalysis.Their structural design flexibility allows for the construction of well-dispersed active sites,tailored electronic environments,and enhanced metal-support interactions.This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in MOF-based and MOF-derived catalysts for CO_(2)hydrogenation to methanol,focusing on four design strategies:(1)spatial confinement and in situ construction,(2)defect engineering and ion-exchange,(3)bimetallic synergy and hybrid structure design,and(4)MOF-derived nanomaterial synthesis.These approaches significantly improve CO_(2)conversion and methanol selectivity by optimizing metal dispersion,interfacial structures,and reaction pathways.The reaction mechanism is further explored by focusing on the three main reaction pathways:the formate pathway(HCOO*),the RWGS(Reverse Water Gas Shift reaction)+CO*hydrogenation pathway,and the trans-COOH pathway.In situ spectroscopic studies and density functional theory(DFT)calculations elucidate the formation and transformation of key intermediates,as well as the roles of active sites,metal-support interfaces,oxygen vacancies,and promoters.Additionally,representative catalytic performance data for MOFbased systems are compiled and compared,demonstrating their advantages over traditional catalysts in terms of CO_(2)conversion,methanol selectivity,and space-time yield.Future perspectives for MOF-based CO_(2)hydrogenation catalysts will prioritize two main directions:structural design and mechanistic understanding.The precise construction of active sites through multi-metallic synergy,defect engineering,and interfacial electronic modulation should be made to enhance catalyst selectivity and stability.In addition,advanced in situ characterization techniques combined with theoretical modeling are essential to unravel the detailed reaction mechanisms and intermediate behaviors,thereby guiding rational catalyst design.Moreover,to enable industrial application,challenges related to thermal/hydrothermal stability,catalyst recyclability,and cost-effective large-scale synthesis must be addressed.The development of green,scalable preparation methods and the integration of MOF catalysts into practical reaction systems(e.g.,flow reactors)will be crucial for bridging the gap between laboratory research and commercial deployment.Ultimately,multi-scale structure-performance optimization and catalytic system integration will be vital for accelerating the industrialization of MOF-based CO_(2)-to-methanol technologies.
文摘Evaluating Adherence to Safety Standards for Physical Space Design, Equipment, and Patient and Staff Protection in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centers:A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study Amirreza Sadeghinasab1, Jafar Fatahiasl2, Mahmoud Mohammadi-Sadr1, Masoud Heydari Kahkesh3, and Marziyeh Tahmasbi2(1.Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran;2.Department of Radiologic Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran;3.Department of Radiology and Radiotherapy, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran)Abstract:Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) has revolutionized disease diagnosis and treatment.However, the technology poses safety risks, such as exposure to magnetic fields, RF pulses, and cryogens, necessitating strict adherence to safety protocols to protect patients and healthcare workers.
