The assessment of in situ permeability of rock mass is challenging for large-scale projects such as reservoirs created by dams,where water tightness issues are of prime importance.The in situ permeability is strongly ...The assessment of in situ permeability of rock mass is challenging for large-scale projects such as reservoirs created by dams,where water tightness issues are of prime importance.The in situ permeability is strongly related to the frequency and distribution of discontinuities in the rock mass and quantified by rock quality designation(RQD).This paper analyzes the data of hydraulic conductivity and discontinuities sampled at different depths during the borehole investigations in the limestone and sandstone formations for the construction of hydraulic structures in Oman.Cores recovered from boreholes provide RQD data,and in situ Lugeon tests elucidate the permeability.A modern technique of multivariate adaptive regression splines(MARS)assisted in correlating permeability and RQD along with the depth.In situ permeability shows a declining trend with increasing RQD,and the depth of investigation is within 50 m.This type of relationship can be developed based on detailed initial investigations at the site where the hydraulic conductivity of discontinuous rocks is required to be delineated.The relationship can approximate the permeability by only measuring the RQD in later investigations on the same site,thus saving the time and cost of the site investigations.The applicability of the relationship developed in this study to another location requires a lithological similarity of the rock mass that can be verified through preliminary investigation at the site.展开更多
Rock quality designation(RQD)has been considered as a one-dimensional jointing degree property since it should be determined by measuring the core lengths obtained from drilling.Anisotropy index of jointing degree(AI_...Rock quality designation(RQD)has been considered as a one-dimensional jointing degree property since it should be determined by measuring the core lengths obtained from drilling.Anisotropy index of jointing degree(AI_(jd))was formulated by Zheng et al.(2018)by considering maximum and minimum values of RQD for a jointed rock medium in three-dimensional space.In accordance with spacing terminology by ISRM(1981),defining the jointing degree for the rock masses composed of extremely closely spaced joints as well as for the rock masses including widely to extremely widely spaced joints is practically impossible because of the use of 10 cm as a threshold value in the conventional form of RQD.To overcome this limitation,theoretical RQD(TRQD_(t))introduced by Priest and Hudson(1976)can be taken into consideration only when the statistical distribution of discontinuity spacing has a negative exponential distribution.Anisotropy index of the jointing degree was improved using TRQD_(t) which was adjusted to wider joint spacing by considering Priest(1993)’s recommendation on the use of variable threshold value(t)in TRQD_(t) formulation.After applications of the improved anisotropy index of a jointing degree(AI'_(jd))to hypothetical jointed rock mass cases,the effect of persistency of joints on structural anisotropy of rock mass was introduced to the improved AI'_(jd) formulation by considering the ratings of persistency of joints as proposed by Bieniawski(1989)’s rock mass rating(RMR)classification.Two real cases were assessed in the stratified marl and the columnar basalt using the weighted anisotropy index of jointing degree(W_AI'_(jd)).A structural anisotropy classification was developed using the RQD classification proposed by Deere(1963).The proposed methodology is capable of defining the structural anisotropy of a rock mass including joint pattern from extremely closely to extremely widely spaced joints.展开更多
The study aimed at assessment of level of task performance of Primary Health Care Worker （PHCWs） according to their professional designations in selected Local Government Areas （LGA） in Enugu State. Descriptive su...The study aimed at assessment of level of task performance of Primary Health Care Worker （PHCWs） according to their professional designations in selected Local Government Areas （LGA） in Enugu State. Descriptive survey research was used. 291 PHCWs were randomly selected from 9 LGA using a multistage method. Questionnaire was used to collect data and the instrument was validated using test-retest method with correlation coefficient of 0.79. The findings show that Community Health Extension Workers （CHEWs） performed higher than Environmental Health Officer （EVO） and Community Health Officers （CHOs） in the area of health education concerning prevailing health problems and method of control. They scored 66.09% as against 52.8% and 60.61% for EVO and CHEW respectively. The result showed that the professional designation has no significant effect （P 〈 0.05） on the level of task performed by PHCW and their levels of task performance were low. It was recommended that public Health physicians and Nurses should be involved in the PHC in Enugu State to provide the fight supervision to the PHCW.展开更多
Creation of the new international designation of“Global Heritage Stone Resource”is here advocated as a means of recognising those building stone resources that are widely represented in human culture.With introducti...Creation of the new international designation of“Global Heritage Stone Resource”is here advocated as a means of recognising those building stone resources that are widely represented in human culture.With introduction of the new designation,the profile of many natural stone materials will be raised to prominence through the researching of citations that will be necessary to create this new international standard.展开更多
Objective To analyze the characteristics of breakthrough therapy designation(BTD)and its implementation in China,and to provide reference for the optimization of BTD system.Methods A comparative research method was us...Objective To analyze the characteristics of breakthrough therapy designation(BTD)and its implementation in China,and to provide reference for the optimization of BTD system.Methods A comparative research method was used to study the content and implementation effect of BTD system in China and the relevant policies and implementation of the same procedures of drug regulatory authorities in the United States,Japan and the European Union.Then,the differences in policies and implementation results among these countries were analyzed to provide suggestions for the implementation and optimization of this system in China.Results and Conclusion China’s BTD system is implemented late and a small number of drugs has been approved.At the same time,there are problems such as insufficient guidance and communication from the agency to applicants,a broad application condition,single review mode,and lack of full-time personnel.Both the agencies and the applicants have limited experience due to the short implementation time of BTD system in China.There are still some problems despite we have learned a lot from the experience of other drug regulatory agencies.Therefore,based on our national conditions,we should strengthen the guidance of evaluation agency to applicants,optimize the eligibility criteria of BTD system,introduce the rolling review,and increase the number of professional liaisons,which can accelerate the development and marketing process of drugs with obvious clinical value,and finally to address unmet medical need.展开更多
With the development of camera technology,high-speed cameras have greatly contributed to capturing the movement and posture of animals,which has dramatically promoted experimental biology research.At the same time,wit...With the development of camera technology,high-speed cameras have greatly contributed to capturing the movement and posture of animals,which has dramatically promoted experimental biology research.At the same time,with the concept of bionics gradually gaining popularity among researchers,the design of robots is absorbing more and more biological features,where the interest in the bio-inspired robot is hewed out.Compared with the traditional robot,the bio-inspired robot imitates the motion pattern to achieve similar propulsion features,which may be more effective and reasonable.In this paper,the motion patterns of aquatic animals are divided into four categories according to their propulsion mechanisms:drag-based,lift-based,jet-based,and interface-based.And bio-inspired robots imitating aquatic prototypes are introduced and reviewed.Finally,the prospect of aquatic bio-inspired robots is discussed.展开更多
The pandemic due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),the etiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),has caused immense global disruption.With the rapid accumulation of SARS-...The pandemic due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),the etiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),has caused immense global disruption.With the rapid accumulation of SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences,however,thousands of genomic variants of SARSCoV-2 are now publicly available.To improve the tracing of the viral genomes’evolution during the development of the pandemic,we analyzed single nucleotide variants(SNVs)in 121,618 high-quality SARS-CoV-2 genomes.We divided these viral genomes into two major lineages(L and S)based on variants at sites 8782 and 28144,and further divided the L lineage into two major sublineages(L1 and L2)using SNVs at sites 3037,14408,and 23403.Subsequently,we categorized them into 130 sublineages(37 in S,35 in L1,and 58 in L2)based on marker SNVs at 201 additional genomic sites.This lineage/sublineage designation system has a hierarchical structure and reflects the relatedness among the subclades of the major lineages.We also provide a companion website(www.covid19evolution.net)that allows users to visualize sublineage information and upload their own SARS-CoV-2 genomes for sublineage classification.Finally,we discussed the possible roles of compensatory mutations and natural selection during SARS-CoV-2’s evolution.These efforts will improve our understanding of the temporal and spatial dynamics of SARS-CoV-2’s genome evolution.展开更多
In China, central towns are an important pitch point in the urban system of a city or county. The cultivation and development of central towns is significant in completing the urban system structure and improving the ...In China, central towns are an important pitch point in the urban system of a city or county. The cultivation and development of central towns is significant in completing the urban system structure and improving the overall quality of urban-rural development of a city or county. In the Municipality of Shiyan, a mountainous region in Hubei Province, the designation of central towns should not be mechanically accomplished through applying the methodology used in plain areas, but with particular focus on the location and transportation of the towns. Based on the analysis of comprehensive development potential, 14 central towns are finally designated in Shiyan in view of their favorable location and the requirement of coordinated regional development. Development strategies are also proposed for them which include the improvement of urban functions, the differentiation of development modes, the growth of industrial clusters, the development of environmental-friendly industries, the standard configuration of public service facilities, and the institutional reform and innovation which would ensure the realization of the central towns' function of agglomeration and radiation.展开更多
Against the backdrop of escalating global climate change and energy crises,the resource utilization of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),a major greenhouse gas,has become a crucial pathway for achieving carbon peaking and carbon...Against the backdrop of escalating global climate change and energy crises,the resource utilization of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),a major greenhouse gas,has become a crucial pathway for achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.The hydrogenation of CO_(2)to methanol not only enables carbon sequestration and recycling,but also provides a route to produce high value-added fuels and basic chemical feedstocks,holding significant environmental and economic potential.However,this conversion process is thermodynamically and kinetically limited,and traditional catalyst systems(e.g.,Cu/ZnO/Al_(2)O_(3))exhibit inadequate activity,selectivity,and stability under mild conditions.Therefore,the development of novel high-performance catalysts with precisely tunable structures and functionalities is imperative.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),as crystalline porous materials with high surface area,tunable pore structures,and diverse metal-ligand compositions,have the great potential in CO_(2)hydrogenation catalysis.Their structural design flexibility allows for the construction of well-dispersed active sites,tailored electronic environments,and enhanced metal-support interactions.This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in MOF-based and MOF-derived catalysts for CO_(2)hydrogenation to methanol,focusing on four design strategies:(1)spatial confinement and in situ construction,(2)defect engineering and ion-exchange,(3)bimetallic synergy and hybrid structure design,and(4)MOF-derived nanomaterial synthesis.These approaches significantly improve CO_(2)conversion and methanol selectivity by optimizing metal dispersion,interfacial structures,and reaction pathways.The reaction mechanism is further explored by focusing on the three main reaction pathways:the formate pathway(HCOO*),the RWGS(Reverse Water Gas Shift reaction)+CO*hydrogenation pathway,and the trans-COOH pathway.In situ spectroscopic studies and density functional theory(DFT)calculations elucidate the formation and transformation of key intermediates,as well as the roles of active sites,metal-support interfaces,oxygen vacancies,and promoters.Additionally,representative catalytic performance data for MOFbased systems are compiled and compared,demonstrating their advantages over traditional catalysts in terms of CO_(2)conversion,methanol selectivity,and space-time yield.Future perspectives for MOF-based CO_(2)hydrogenation catalysts will prioritize two main directions:structural design and mechanistic understanding.The precise construction of active sites through multi-metallic synergy,defect engineering,and interfacial electronic modulation should be made to enhance catalyst selectivity and stability.In addition,advanced in situ characterization techniques combined with theoretical modeling are essential to unravel the detailed reaction mechanisms and intermediate behaviors,thereby guiding rational catalyst design.Moreover,to enable industrial application,challenges related to thermal/hydrothermal stability,catalyst recyclability,and cost-effective large-scale synthesis must be addressed.The development of green,scalable preparation methods and the integration of MOF catalysts into practical reaction systems(e.g.,flow reactors)will be crucial for bridging the gap between laboratory research and commercial deployment.Ultimately,multi-scale structure-performance optimization and catalytic system integration will be vital for accelerating the industrialization of MOF-based CO_(2)-to-methanol technologies.展开更多
A two-level,quasi-geostrophic long-wave model based on spherical coordinates was developed with the explicit part belonging to a low-order model.However,it includes not only diabatic heating,Ekman fric- tion and mount...A two-level,quasi-geostrophic long-wave model based on spherical coordinates was developed with the explicit part belonging to a low-order model.However,it includes not only diabatic heating,Ekman fric- tion and mountain distribution,but also parameterized forcing effects of transfer properties of transient eddies. Experiment results showed that,due to the introduction of the parameterization of transfer properties of transient eddies,remarkable improvements on characters of low-order model had been obtained.In addition to its economization in calculation and conciseness in physics as in a low-order model,the long- wave model was shown to describe the energetics and angular momentum balance of the atmosphere much more reasonably,and to present the features of zonal mean westerlies and stationary waves much more correctly than the corresponding low-order model.This kind of long-wave model was therefore regarded as suitable for theoretical research and numerical modelling of some aspects of the general circulation of the atmosphere.展开更多
Despite Heidegger insists that Being and Time cannot be read as a kind of existential philosophy, such interpretation still holds in some aspect, for in it, the main content is a special kind of phenomenology of life,...Despite Heidegger insists that Being and Time cannot be read as a kind of existential philosophy, such interpretation still holds in some aspect, for in it, the main content is a special kind of phenomenology of life, even be called repeatedly as the foundation of the ontology of Being in general. The project of establishing an ontology of Being in general was ultimately never carried out. What Heidegger provides in Being and time is nothing but a phenomenology of life. It is peculiar that love and friendship as an important element of life is deliberately ignored. Such a deficiency of Heidegger, namely lacking love and friendship in fundamental ontology of Dasein, is probably the reason for his political fallacy during the II-World-War, notorious political mistake in his recent published Black Notebooks.展开更多
Emerging ferroptosis-immunotherapy strategies,integrating functionalized nanoplatforms with ferroptosis-inducing agents and immunomodulatory therapeutics,demonstrate significant potential in managing primary,recurrent...Emerging ferroptosis-immunotherapy strategies,integrating functionalized nanoplatforms with ferroptosis-inducing agents and immunomodulatory therapeutics,demonstrate significant potential in managing primary,recurrent,and metastatic malignancies.Mechanistically,ferroptosis induction not only directly eliminates tumor cells but also promotes immunogenic cell death(ICD),eliciting damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs)release to activate partial antitumor immunity.However,standalone ferroptosis therapy fails to initiate robust systemic antitumor immune responses due to inherent limitations:low tumor immunogenicity,immunosuppressive microenvironment constraints,and tumor microenvironment(TME)-associated physiological barriers(e.g.,hypoxia,dense extracellular matrix).To address these challenges,synergistic approaches have been developed to enhance immune cell infiltration and reestablish immunosurveillance,encompassing(1)direct amplification of antitumor immunity,(2)disruption of immunosuppressive tumor niches,and(3)biophysical hallmark remodeling in TME.Rational nanocarrier design has emerged as a critical enabler for overcoming biological delivery barriers and optimizing therapeutic efficacy.Unlike prior studies solely addressing ferroptosis or nanotechnology in tumor therapy,this work first systematically outlines the synergistic potential of nanoparticles in combined ferroptosis-immunotherapy strategies.It advances multidimensional nanoplatform design principles for material selection,structural configuration,physicochemical modulation,multifunctional integration,and artificial intelligence-enabled design,providing a scientific basis for efficacy optimization.Moreover,it examines translational challenges of ferroptosis-immunotherapy nanoplatforms across preclinical and clinical stages,proposing actionable solutions while envisioning future onco-immunotherapy directions.Collectively,it provides systematic insights into advanced nanomaterial design principles and therapeutic optimization strategies,offering a roadmap for accelerating clinical translation in onco-immunotherapy research.展开更多
High-performance alloys are indispensable in modern engineering because of their exceptional strength,ductility,corrosion resistance,fatigue resistance,and thermal stability,which are all significantly influenced by t...High-performance alloys are indispensable in modern engineering because of their exceptional strength,ductility,corrosion resistance,fatigue resistance,and thermal stability,which are all significantly influenced by the alloy interface structures.Despite substantial efforts,a comprehensive overview of interface engineering of high-performance alloys has not been presented so far.In this study,the interfaces in high-performance alloys,particularly grain and phase boundaries,were systematically examined,with emphasis on their crystallographic characteristics and chemical element segregations.The effects of the interfaces on the electrical conductivity,mechanical strength,toughness,hydrogen embrittlement resistance,and thermal stability of the alloys were elucidated.Moreover,correlations among various types of interfaces and advanced experimental and computational techniques were examined using big data analytics,enabling robust design strategies.Challenges currently faced in the field of interface engineering and emerging opportunities in the field are also discussed.The study results would guide the development of next-generation high-performance alloys.展开更多
Long-life energy storage batteries are integral to energy storage systems and electric vehicles,with lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)currently being the preferred option for extended usage-life energy storage.To further ex...Long-life energy storage batteries are integral to energy storage systems and electric vehicles,with lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)currently being the preferred option for extended usage-life energy storage.To further extend the life span of LIBs,it is essential to intensify investments in battery design,manufacturing processes,and the advancement of ancillary materials.The pursuit of long durability introduces new challenges for battery energy density.The advent of electrode material offers effective support in enhancing the battery’s long-duration performance.Often underestimated as part of the cathode composition,the binder plays a pivotal role in the longevity and electrochemical performance of the electrode.Maintaining the mechanical integrity of the electrode through judicious binder design is a fundamental requirement for achieving consistent long-life cycles and high energy density.This paper primarily concentrates on the commonly employed cathode systems in lithium-ion batteries,elucidates the significance of binders for both,discusses the application status,strengths,and weaknesses of novel binders,and ultimately puts forth corresponding optimization strategies.It underscores the critical function of binders in enhancing battery performance and advancing the sustainable development of lithium-ion batteries,aiming to offer fresh insights and perspectives for the design of high-performance LIBs.展开更多
The growing prevalence of exercise-induced tibial stress fractures demands wearable sensors capable of monitoring dynamic musculoskeletal loads with medical-grade precision.While flexible pressure-sensing insoles show...The growing prevalence of exercise-induced tibial stress fractures demands wearable sensors capable of monitoring dynamic musculoskeletal loads with medical-grade precision.While flexible pressure-sensing insoles show clinical potential,their development has been hindered by the intrinsic trade-off between high sensitivity and full-range linearity(R^(2)>0.99 up to 1 MPa)in conventional designs.Inspired by the tactile sensing mechanism of human skin,where dermal stratification enables wide-range pressure adaptation and ion-channelregulated signaling maintains linear electrical responses,we developed a dual-mechanism flexible iontronic pressure sensor(FIPS).This innovative design synergistically combines two bioinspired components:interdigitated fabric microstructures enabling pressure-proportional contact area expansion(αP1/3)and iontronic film facilitating self-adaptive ion concentration modulation(αP^(2/3)),which together generate a linear capacitance-pressure response(CαP).The FIPS achieves breakthrough performance:242 kPa^(-1)sensitivity with 0.997linearity across 0-1 MPa,yielding a record linear sensing factor(LSF=242,000).The design is validated across various substrates and ionic materials,demonstrating its versatility.Finally,the FIPS-driven design enables a smart insole demonstrating 1.8%error in tibial load assessment during gait analysis,outperforming nonlinear counterparts(6.5%error)in early fracture-risk prediction.The biomimetic design framework establishes a universal approach for developing high-performance linear sensors,establishing generalized principles for medical-grade wearable devices.展开更多
Recent years have witnessed transformative changes brought about by artificial intelligence(AI)techniques with billions of parameters for the realization of high accuracy,proposing high demand for the advanced and AI ...Recent years have witnessed transformative changes brought about by artificial intelligence(AI)techniques with billions of parameters for the realization of high accuracy,proposing high demand for the advanced and AI chip to solve these AI tasks efficiently and powerfully.Rapid progress has been made in the field of advanced chips recently,such as the development of photonic computing,the advancement of the quantum processors,the boost of the biomimetic chips,and so on.Designs tactics of the advanced chips can be conducted with elaborated consideration of materials,algorithms,models,architectures,and so on.Though a few reviews present the development of the chips from their unique aspects,reviews in the view of the latest design for advanced and AI chips are few.Here,the newest development is systematically reviewed in the field of advanced chips.First,background and mechanisms are summarized,and subsequently most important considerations for co-design of the software and hardware are illustrated.Next,strategies are summed up to obtain advanced and AI chips with high excellent performance by taking the important information processing steps into consideration,after which the design thought for the advanced chips in the future is proposed.Finally,some perspectives are put forward.展开更多
While desalination is a key solution for global freshwater scarcity,its implementation faces environmental challenges due to concentrated brine byproducts mainly disposed of via coastal discharge systems.Solar interfa...While desalination is a key solution for global freshwater scarcity,its implementation faces environmental challenges due to concentrated brine byproducts mainly disposed of via coastal discharge systems.Solar interfacial evaporation offers sustainable management potential,yet inevitable salt nucleation at evaporation interfaces degrades photothermal conversion and operational stability via light scattering and pathway blockage.Inspired by the mangrove leaf,we propose a photothermal 3D polydopamine and polypyrrole polymerized spacer fabric(PPSF)-based upward hanging model evaporation configuration with a reverse water feeding mechanism.This design enables zero-liquiddischarge(ZLD)desalination through phase-separation crystallization.The interconnected porous architecture and the rough surface of the PPSF enable superior water transport,achieving excellent solar-absorbing efficiency of 97.8%.By adjusting the tilt angle(θ),the evaporator separates the evaporation and salt crystallization zones via controlled capillary-driven brine transport,minimizing heat dissipation from brine discharge.At an optimal tilt angle of 52°,the evaporator reaches an evaporation rate of 2.81 kg m^(−2) h^(−1) with minimal heat loss(0.366 W)under 1-sun illumination while treating a 7 wt%waste brine solution.Furthermore,it sustains an evaporation rate of 2.71 kg m^(−2) h^(−1) over 72 h while ensuring efficient salt recovery.These results highlight a scalable,energy-efficient approach for sustainable ZLD desalination.展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),while dominant in energy storage due to high energy density and cycling stability,suffer from severe capacity decay,rate capability degradation,and lithium dendrite formation under low-temp...Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),while dominant in energy storage due to high energy density and cycling stability,suffer from severe capacity decay,rate capability degradation,and lithium dendrite formation under low-temperature(LT)operation.Therefore,a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of LIB behavior at LT is urgently required.This review article comprehensively reviews recent advancements in electrolyte engineering strategies aimed at improving the low-temperature operational capabilities of LIBs.The study methodically examines critical performance-limiting mechanisms through fundamental analysis of four primary challenges:insufficient ionic conductivity under cryogenic conditions,kinetically hindered charge transfer processes,Li+transport limitations across the solidelectrolyte interphase(SEI),and uncontrolled lithium dendrite growth.The work elaborates on innovative optimization approaches encompassing lithium salt molecular design with tailored dissociation characteristics,solvent matrix optimization through dielectric constant and viscosity regulation,interfacial engineering additives for constructing low-impedance SEI layers,and gel-polymer composite electrolyte systems.Notably,particular emphasis is placed on emerging machine learning-guided electrolyte formulation strategies that enable high-throughput virtual screening of constituent combinations and prediction of structure-property relationships.These artificial intelligence-assisted rational design frameworks demonstrate significant potential for accelerating the development of next-generation LT electrolytes by establishing quantitative composition-performance correlations through advanced data-driven methodologies.展开更多
This study examines the methods to plan the development of offshore oilfields over the years,which are used to support the decision-making on the development of offshore oilfields.About 100 papers are analysed and cat...This study examines the methods to plan the development of offshore oilfields over the years,which are used to support the decision-making on the development of offshore oilfields.About 100 papers are analysed and categorised into different groups of main early-stage decisions.The present study stands in contrast to the contributions of the operations research and system engineering review articles,on the one hand,and the petroleum engineering review articles,on the other.This is because it does not focus on one methodological approach,nor does it limit the literature analysis by offshore oilfield characteristics.Consequently,the present analysis may offer valuable insights,for instance,by identifying environmental planning decisions as a recent yet highly significant concern that is currently being imposed on decision-making process.Thus,it is evident that the incorporation of safety criteria within the technical-economic decision-making process for the design of production systems would be a crucial requirement at development phase.展开更多
This research explored the application potential of PUM thin-overlay technology on airport rapid maintenance.The rapid curing process of polyurethane binder determines the limited time window for mixing and constructi...This research explored the application potential of PUM thin-overlay technology on airport rapid maintenance.The rapid curing process of polyurethane binder determines the limited time window for mixing and construction of polyurethane-bonded mixture(PUM),which presents significant difference with hot-mix asphalt(HMA)technology.Therefore,this research investigated and optimized the mix design of PUM for airport thin-overlay technology based on its thermosetting characteristics.First,limestone and basalt were comprehensively compared as an aggregate for PUM.Then,the effects of molding and curing conditions were studied in terms of mixing time,molding method,molding parameters and curing temperature.Statistical analysis was also conducted to evaluate the effects of gradation and particle size on PUM performances based on gray relational analysis(GRA),thus determining the key particle size to control PUM performances.Finally,the internal structural details of PUM were captured by X-ray CT scan test.The results demonstrated that it only took 12 hours to reach 75%of maximum strength at a curing temperature of 50°C,indicating an efficient curing process and in turn allowing short traffic delay.The internal structural details of PUM presented distribution of tiny pores with few connective voids,guaranteeing waterproof property and high strength.展开更多
基金indebted to the Sohar University and the University of Buraimi, Oman, to support this study
文摘The assessment of in situ permeability of rock mass is challenging for large-scale projects such as reservoirs created by dams,where water tightness issues are of prime importance.The in situ permeability is strongly related to the frequency and distribution of discontinuities in the rock mass and quantified by rock quality designation(RQD).This paper analyzes the data of hydraulic conductivity and discontinuities sampled at different depths during the borehole investigations in the limestone and sandstone formations for the construction of hydraulic structures in Oman.Cores recovered from boreholes provide RQD data,and in situ Lugeon tests elucidate the permeability.A modern technique of multivariate adaptive regression splines(MARS)assisted in correlating permeability and RQD along with the depth.In situ permeability shows a declining trend with increasing RQD,and the depth of investigation is within 50 m.This type of relationship can be developed based on detailed initial investigations at the site where the hydraulic conductivity of discontinuous rocks is required to be delineated.The relationship can approximate the permeability by only measuring the RQD in later investigations on the same site,thus saving the time and cost of the site investigations.The applicability of the relationship developed in this study to another location requires a lithological similarity of the rock mass that can be verified through preliminary investigation at the site.
基金supports from the General Directorate of ETIMADEN enterprises during the field studies at Simav open pit mine。
文摘Rock quality designation(RQD)has been considered as a one-dimensional jointing degree property since it should be determined by measuring the core lengths obtained from drilling.Anisotropy index of jointing degree(AI_(jd))was formulated by Zheng et al.(2018)by considering maximum and minimum values of RQD for a jointed rock medium in three-dimensional space.In accordance with spacing terminology by ISRM(1981),defining the jointing degree for the rock masses composed of extremely closely spaced joints as well as for the rock masses including widely to extremely widely spaced joints is practically impossible because of the use of 10 cm as a threshold value in the conventional form of RQD.To overcome this limitation,theoretical RQD(TRQD_(t))introduced by Priest and Hudson(1976)can be taken into consideration only when the statistical distribution of discontinuity spacing has a negative exponential distribution.Anisotropy index of the jointing degree was improved using TRQD_(t) which was adjusted to wider joint spacing by considering Priest(1993)’s recommendation on the use of variable threshold value(t)in TRQD_(t) formulation.After applications of the improved anisotropy index of a jointing degree(AI'_(jd))to hypothetical jointed rock mass cases,the effect of persistency of joints on structural anisotropy of rock mass was introduced to the improved AI'_(jd) formulation by considering the ratings of persistency of joints as proposed by Bieniawski(1989)’s rock mass rating(RMR)classification.Two real cases were assessed in the stratified marl and the columnar basalt using the weighted anisotropy index of jointing degree(W_AI'_(jd)).A structural anisotropy classification was developed using the RQD classification proposed by Deere(1963).The proposed methodology is capable of defining the structural anisotropy of a rock mass including joint pattern from extremely closely to extremely widely spaced joints.
文摘The study aimed at assessment of level of task performance of Primary Health Care Worker （PHCWs） according to their professional designations in selected Local Government Areas （LGA） in Enugu State. Descriptive survey research was used. 291 PHCWs were randomly selected from 9 LGA using a multistage method. Questionnaire was used to collect data and the instrument was validated using test-retest method with correlation coefficient of 0.79. The findings show that Community Health Extension Workers （CHEWs） performed higher than Environmental Health Officer （EVO） and Community Health Officers （CHOs） in the area of health education concerning prevailing health problems and method of control. They scored 66.09% as against 52.8% and 60.61% for EVO and CHEW respectively. The result showed that the professional designation has no significant effect （P 〈 0.05） on the level of task performed by PHCW and their levels of task performance were low. It was recommended that public Health physicians and Nurses should be involved in the PHC in Enugu State to provide the fight supervision to the PHCW.
文摘Creation of the new international designation of“Global Heritage Stone Resource”is here advocated as a means of recognising those building stone resources that are widely represented in human culture.With introduction of the new designation,the profile of many natural stone materials will be raised to prominence through the researching of citations that will be necessary to create this new international standard.
基金Special Fund for Academy of Pharmaceutical Regulatory Sciences of Research Base for Drug Regulatory Science of National Medical Products Administration-Shenyang Pharmaceutical University(2021jgkx004).
文摘Objective To analyze the characteristics of breakthrough therapy designation(BTD)and its implementation in China,and to provide reference for the optimization of BTD system.Methods A comparative research method was used to study the content and implementation effect of BTD system in China and the relevant policies and implementation of the same procedures of drug regulatory authorities in the United States,Japan and the European Union.Then,the differences in policies and implementation results among these countries were analyzed to provide suggestions for the implementation and optimization of this system in China.Results and Conclusion China’s BTD system is implemented late and a small number of drugs has been approved.At the same time,there are problems such as insufficient guidance and communication from the agency to applicants,a broad application condition,single review mode,and lack of full-time personnel.Both the agencies and the applicants have limited experience due to the short implementation time of BTD system in China.There are still some problems despite we have learned a lot from the experience of other drug regulatory agencies.Therefore,based on our national conditions,we should strengthen the guidance of evaluation agency to applicants,optimize the eligibility criteria of BTD system,introduce the rolling review,and increase the number of professional liaisons,which can accelerate the development and marketing process of drugs with obvious clinical value,and finally to address unmet medical need.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(62273042,61773064,61503028).
文摘With the development of camera technology,high-speed cameras have greatly contributed to capturing the movement and posture of animals,which has dramatically promoted experimental biology research.At the same time,with the concept of bionics gradually gaining popularity among researchers,the design of robots is absorbing more and more biological features,where the interest in the bio-inspired robot is hewed out.Compared with the traditional robot,the bio-inspired robot imitates the motion pattern to achieve similar propulsion features,which may be more effective and reasonable.In this paper,the motion patterns of aquatic animals are divided into four categories according to their propulsion mechanisms:drag-based,lift-based,jet-based,and interface-based.And bio-inspired robots imitating aquatic prototypes are introduced and reviewed.Finally,the prospect of aquatic bio-inspired robots is discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91731301 and U1902201)the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2020YFC0847000)the Light of West China Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘The pandemic due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),the etiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),has caused immense global disruption.With the rapid accumulation of SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences,however,thousands of genomic variants of SARSCoV-2 are now publicly available.To improve the tracing of the viral genomes’evolution during the development of the pandemic,we analyzed single nucleotide variants(SNVs)in 121,618 high-quality SARS-CoV-2 genomes.We divided these viral genomes into two major lineages(L and S)based on variants at sites 8782 and 28144,and further divided the L lineage into two major sublineages(L1 and L2)using SNVs at sites 3037,14408,and 23403.Subsequently,we categorized them into 130 sublineages(37 in S,35 in L1,and 58 in L2)based on marker SNVs at 201 additional genomic sites.This lineage/sublineage designation system has a hierarchical structure and reflects the relatedness among the subclades of the major lineages.We also provide a companion website(www.covid19evolution.net)that allows users to visualize sublineage information and upload their own SARS-CoV-2 genomes for sublineage classification.Finally,we discussed the possible roles of compensatory mutations and natural selection during SARS-CoV-2’s evolution.These efforts will improve our understanding of the temporal and spatial dynamics of SARS-CoV-2’s genome evolution.
文摘In China, central towns are an important pitch point in the urban system of a city or county. The cultivation and development of central towns is significant in completing the urban system structure and improving the overall quality of urban-rural development of a city or county. In the Municipality of Shiyan, a mountainous region in Hubei Province, the designation of central towns should not be mechanically accomplished through applying the methodology used in plain areas, but with particular focus on the location and transportation of the towns. Based on the analysis of comprehensive development potential, 14 central towns are finally designated in Shiyan in view of their favorable location and the requirement of coordinated regional development. Development strategies are also proposed for them which include the improvement of urban functions, the differentiation of development modes, the growth of industrial clusters, the development of environmental-friendly industries, the standard configuration of public service facilities, and the institutional reform and innovation which would ensure the realization of the central towns' function of agglomeration and radiation.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB4104500,2023YFB4104502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22138013)the Taishan Scholar Project(ts201712020).
文摘Against the backdrop of escalating global climate change and energy crises,the resource utilization of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),a major greenhouse gas,has become a crucial pathway for achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.The hydrogenation of CO_(2)to methanol not only enables carbon sequestration and recycling,but also provides a route to produce high value-added fuels and basic chemical feedstocks,holding significant environmental and economic potential.However,this conversion process is thermodynamically and kinetically limited,and traditional catalyst systems(e.g.,Cu/ZnO/Al_(2)O_(3))exhibit inadequate activity,selectivity,and stability under mild conditions.Therefore,the development of novel high-performance catalysts with precisely tunable structures and functionalities is imperative.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),as crystalline porous materials with high surface area,tunable pore structures,and diverse metal-ligand compositions,have the great potential in CO_(2)hydrogenation catalysis.Their structural design flexibility allows for the construction of well-dispersed active sites,tailored electronic environments,and enhanced metal-support interactions.This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in MOF-based and MOF-derived catalysts for CO_(2)hydrogenation to methanol,focusing on four design strategies:(1)spatial confinement and in situ construction,(2)defect engineering and ion-exchange,(3)bimetallic synergy and hybrid structure design,and(4)MOF-derived nanomaterial synthesis.These approaches significantly improve CO_(2)conversion and methanol selectivity by optimizing metal dispersion,interfacial structures,and reaction pathways.The reaction mechanism is further explored by focusing on the three main reaction pathways:the formate pathway(HCOO*),the RWGS(Reverse Water Gas Shift reaction)+CO*hydrogenation pathway,and the trans-COOH pathway.In situ spectroscopic studies and density functional theory(DFT)calculations elucidate the formation and transformation of key intermediates,as well as the roles of active sites,metal-support interfaces,oxygen vacancies,and promoters.Additionally,representative catalytic performance data for MOFbased systems are compiled and compared,demonstrating their advantages over traditional catalysts in terms of CO_(2)conversion,methanol selectivity,and space-time yield.Future perspectives for MOF-based CO_(2)hydrogenation catalysts will prioritize two main directions:structural design and mechanistic understanding.The precise construction of active sites through multi-metallic synergy,defect engineering,and interfacial electronic modulation should be made to enhance catalyst selectivity and stability.In addition,advanced in situ characterization techniques combined with theoretical modeling are essential to unravel the detailed reaction mechanisms and intermediate behaviors,thereby guiding rational catalyst design.Moreover,to enable industrial application,challenges related to thermal/hydrothermal stability,catalyst recyclability,and cost-effective large-scale synthesis must be addressed.The development of green,scalable preparation methods and the integration of MOF catalysts into practical reaction systems(e.g.,flow reactors)will be crucial for bridging the gap between laboratory research and commercial deployment.Ultimately,multi-scale structure-performance optimization and catalytic system integration will be vital for accelerating the industrialization of MOF-based CO_(2)-to-methanol technologies.
文摘A two-level,quasi-geostrophic long-wave model based on spherical coordinates was developed with the explicit part belonging to a low-order model.However,it includes not only diabatic heating,Ekman fric- tion and mountain distribution,but also parameterized forcing effects of transfer properties of transient eddies. Experiment results showed that,due to the introduction of the parameterization of transfer properties of transient eddies,remarkable improvements on characters of low-order model had been obtained.In addition to its economization in calculation and conciseness in physics as in a low-order model,the long- wave model was shown to describe the energetics and angular momentum balance of the atmosphere much more reasonably,and to present the features of zonal mean westerlies and stationary waves much more correctly than the corresponding low-order model.This kind of long-wave model was therefore regarded as suitable for theoretical research and numerical modelling of some aspects of the general circulation of the atmosphere.
文摘Despite Heidegger insists that Being and Time cannot be read as a kind of existential philosophy, such interpretation still holds in some aspect, for in it, the main content is a special kind of phenomenology of life, even be called repeatedly as the foundation of the ontology of Being in general. The project of establishing an ontology of Being in general was ultimately never carried out. What Heidegger provides in Being and time is nothing but a phenomenology of life. It is peculiar that love and friendship as an important element of life is deliberately ignored. Such a deficiency of Heidegger, namely lacking love and friendship in fundamental ontology of Dasein, is probably the reason for his political fallacy during the II-World-War, notorious political mistake in his recent published Black Notebooks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82302373,81903846)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(No.2022NSFSC1925)+1 种基金Chengdu Technology Innovation Research and Development Project(No.2022-YF05-01546-SN)the Introduction of Talents Research Project of Chengdu University(No.2081921049)。
文摘Emerging ferroptosis-immunotherapy strategies,integrating functionalized nanoplatforms with ferroptosis-inducing agents and immunomodulatory therapeutics,demonstrate significant potential in managing primary,recurrent,and metastatic malignancies.Mechanistically,ferroptosis induction not only directly eliminates tumor cells but also promotes immunogenic cell death(ICD),eliciting damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs)release to activate partial antitumor immunity.However,standalone ferroptosis therapy fails to initiate robust systemic antitumor immune responses due to inherent limitations:low tumor immunogenicity,immunosuppressive microenvironment constraints,and tumor microenvironment(TME)-associated physiological barriers(e.g.,hypoxia,dense extracellular matrix).To address these challenges,synergistic approaches have been developed to enhance immune cell infiltration and reestablish immunosurveillance,encompassing(1)direct amplification of antitumor immunity,(2)disruption of immunosuppressive tumor niches,and(3)biophysical hallmark remodeling in TME.Rational nanocarrier design has emerged as a critical enabler for overcoming biological delivery barriers and optimizing therapeutic efficacy.Unlike prior studies solely addressing ferroptosis or nanotechnology in tumor therapy,this work first systematically outlines the synergistic potential of nanoparticles in combined ferroptosis-immunotherapy strategies.It advances multidimensional nanoplatform design principles for material selection,structural configuration,physicochemical modulation,multifunctional integration,and artificial intelligence-enabled design,providing a scientific basis for efficacy optimization.Moreover,it examines translational challenges of ferroptosis-immunotherapy nanoplatforms across preclinical and clinical stages,proposing actionable solutions while envisioning future onco-immunotherapy directions.Collectively,it provides systematic insights into advanced nanomaterial design principles and therapeutic optimization strategies,offering a roadmap for accelerating clinical translation in onco-immunotherapy research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52122408 and 52474397)the High-level Talent Research Start-up Project Funding of Henan Academy of Sciences(No.242017127)+1 种基金the financial support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(University of Science and Technology Beijing(USTB),Nos.FRF-TP-2021-04C1 and 06500135)supported by USTB MatCom of Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering。
文摘High-performance alloys are indispensable in modern engineering because of their exceptional strength,ductility,corrosion resistance,fatigue resistance,and thermal stability,which are all significantly influenced by the alloy interface structures.Despite substantial efforts,a comprehensive overview of interface engineering of high-performance alloys has not been presented so far.In this study,the interfaces in high-performance alloys,particularly grain and phase boundaries,were systematically examined,with emphasis on their crystallographic characteristics and chemical element segregations.The effects of the interfaces on the electrical conductivity,mechanical strength,toughness,hydrogen embrittlement resistance,and thermal stability of the alloys were elucidated.Moreover,correlations among various types of interfaces and advanced experimental and computational techniques were examined using big data analytics,enabling robust design strategies.Challenges currently faced in the field of interface engineering and emerging opportunities in the field are also discussed.The study results would guide the development of next-generation high-performance alloys.
基金We would like to show gratitude to the Yunnan Province Basic Research Major Project(202501BC070006(Y.Wang))Key Industry Science and Technology Projects for University Services in Yunnan Province(FWCY ZNT2024002(Y.Wang))+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(22279070(L.Wang))and(U21A20170(X.He))the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2019YFA0705703(L.Wang))Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L242005(X.He))Key Industry Science and Technology Projects for University Services in Yunnan Province(FWCY BSPY2024011(T.Lai)).
文摘Long-life energy storage batteries are integral to energy storage systems and electric vehicles,with lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)currently being the preferred option for extended usage-life energy storage.To further extend the life span of LIBs,it is essential to intensify investments in battery design,manufacturing processes,and the advancement of ancillary materials.The pursuit of long durability introduces new challenges for battery energy density.The advent of electrode material offers effective support in enhancing the battery’s long-duration performance.Often underestimated as part of the cathode composition,the binder plays a pivotal role in the longevity and electrochemical performance of the electrode.Maintaining the mechanical integrity of the electrode through judicious binder design is a fundamental requirement for achieving consistent long-life cycles and high energy density.This paper primarily concentrates on the commonly employed cathode systems in lithium-ion batteries,elucidates the significance of binders for both,discusses the application status,strengths,and weaknesses of novel binders,and ultimately puts forth corresponding optimization strategies.It underscores the critical function of binders in enhancing battery performance and advancing the sustainable development of lithium-ion batteries,aiming to offer fresh insights and perspectives for the design of high-performance LIBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 52175281,52475315)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(2021382)。
文摘The growing prevalence of exercise-induced tibial stress fractures demands wearable sensors capable of monitoring dynamic musculoskeletal loads with medical-grade precision.While flexible pressure-sensing insoles show clinical potential,their development has been hindered by the intrinsic trade-off between high sensitivity and full-range linearity(R^(2)>0.99 up to 1 MPa)in conventional designs.Inspired by the tactile sensing mechanism of human skin,where dermal stratification enables wide-range pressure adaptation and ion-channelregulated signaling maintains linear electrical responses,we developed a dual-mechanism flexible iontronic pressure sensor(FIPS).This innovative design synergistically combines two bioinspired components:interdigitated fabric microstructures enabling pressure-proportional contact area expansion(αP1/3)and iontronic film facilitating self-adaptive ion concentration modulation(αP^(2/3)),which together generate a linear capacitance-pressure response(CαP).The FIPS achieves breakthrough performance:242 kPa^(-1)sensitivity with 0.997linearity across 0-1 MPa,yielding a record linear sensing factor(LSF=242,000).The design is validated across various substrates and ionic materials,demonstrating its versatility.Finally,the FIPS-driven design enables a smart insole demonstrating 1.8%error in tibial load assessment during gait analysis,outperforming nonlinear counterparts(6.5%error)in early fracture-risk prediction.The biomimetic design framework establishes a universal approach for developing high-performance linear sensors,establishing generalized principles for medical-grade wearable devices.
基金supported by the Hong Kong Polytechnic University(1-WZ1Y,1-W34U,4-YWER).
文摘Recent years have witnessed transformative changes brought about by artificial intelligence(AI)techniques with billions of parameters for the realization of high accuracy,proposing high demand for the advanced and AI chip to solve these AI tasks efficiently and powerfully.Rapid progress has been made in the field of advanced chips recently,such as the development of photonic computing,the advancement of the quantum processors,the boost of the biomimetic chips,and so on.Designs tactics of the advanced chips can be conducted with elaborated consideration of materials,algorithms,models,architectures,and so on.Though a few reviews present the development of the chips from their unique aspects,reviews in the view of the latest design for advanced and AI chips are few.Here,the newest development is systematically reviewed in the field of advanced chips.First,background and mechanisms are summarized,and subsequently most important considerations for co-design of the software and hardware are illustrated.Next,strategies are summed up to obtain advanced and AI chips with high excellent performance by taking the important information processing steps into consideration,after which the design thought for the advanced chips in the future is proposed.Finally,some perspectives are put forward.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3804902,2022YFB3804900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52203226,52161145406,42376045)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2232024Y-01,2232025D-02).
文摘While desalination is a key solution for global freshwater scarcity,its implementation faces environmental challenges due to concentrated brine byproducts mainly disposed of via coastal discharge systems.Solar interfacial evaporation offers sustainable management potential,yet inevitable salt nucleation at evaporation interfaces degrades photothermal conversion and operational stability via light scattering and pathway blockage.Inspired by the mangrove leaf,we propose a photothermal 3D polydopamine and polypyrrole polymerized spacer fabric(PPSF)-based upward hanging model evaporation configuration with a reverse water feeding mechanism.This design enables zero-liquiddischarge(ZLD)desalination through phase-separation crystallization.The interconnected porous architecture and the rough surface of the PPSF enable superior water transport,achieving excellent solar-absorbing efficiency of 97.8%.By adjusting the tilt angle(θ),the evaporator separates the evaporation and salt crystallization zones via controlled capillary-driven brine transport,minimizing heat dissipation from brine discharge.At an optimal tilt angle of 52°,the evaporator reaches an evaporation rate of 2.81 kg m^(−2) h^(−1) with minimal heat loss(0.366 W)under 1-sun illumination while treating a 7 wt%waste brine solution.Furthermore,it sustains an evaporation rate of 2.71 kg m^(−2) h^(−1) over 72 h while ensuring efficient salt recovery.These results highlight a scalable,energy-efficient approach for sustainable ZLD desalination.
基金the financial support from the Key Project of Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation-Key Project of Laboratory(2025SYS-SYSZD-117)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(2025JCYBQN-125)+8 种基金Young Talent Fund of Xi'an Association for Science and Technology(0959202513002)the Key Industrial Chain Technology Research Program of Xi'an(24ZDCYJSGG0048)the Key Research and Development Program of Xianyang(L2023-ZDYF-SF-077)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20241442)Shaanxi Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024BSHSDZZ070)Research Funds for the Interdisciplinary Projects,CHU(300104240913)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,CHU(300102385739,300102384201,300102384103)the Scientific Innovation Practice Project of Postgraduate of Chang'an University(300103725063)the financial support from the Australian Research Council。
文摘Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),while dominant in energy storage due to high energy density and cycling stability,suffer from severe capacity decay,rate capability degradation,and lithium dendrite formation under low-temperature(LT)operation.Therefore,a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of LIB behavior at LT is urgently required.This review article comprehensively reviews recent advancements in electrolyte engineering strategies aimed at improving the low-temperature operational capabilities of LIBs.The study methodically examines critical performance-limiting mechanisms through fundamental analysis of four primary challenges:insufficient ionic conductivity under cryogenic conditions,kinetically hindered charge transfer processes,Li+transport limitations across the solidelectrolyte interphase(SEI),and uncontrolled lithium dendrite growth.The work elaborates on innovative optimization approaches encompassing lithium salt molecular design with tailored dissociation characteristics,solvent matrix optimization through dielectric constant and viscosity regulation,interfacial engineering additives for constructing low-impedance SEI layers,and gel-polymer composite electrolyte systems.Notably,particular emphasis is placed on emerging machine learning-guided electrolyte formulation strategies that enable high-throughput virtual screening of constituent combinations and prediction of structure-property relationships.These artificial intelligence-assisted rational design frameworks demonstrate significant potential for accelerating the development of next-generation LT electrolytes by establishing quantitative composition-performance correlations through advanced data-driven methodologies.
基金the Strategic Research Plan of the Centre for Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering(CENTEC),which is financed by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology(Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia FCT)under contract UIDB/UIDP/00134/2020.
文摘This study examines the methods to plan the development of offshore oilfields over the years,which are used to support the decision-making on the development of offshore oilfields.About 100 papers are analysed and categorised into different groups of main early-stage decisions.The present study stands in contrast to the contributions of the operations research and system engineering review articles,on the one hand,and the petroleum engineering review articles,on the other.This is because it does not focus on one methodological approach,nor does it limit the literature analysis by offshore oilfield characteristics.Consequently,the present analysis may offer valuable insights,for instance,by identifying environmental planning decisions as a recent yet highly significant concern that is currently being imposed on decision-making process.Thus,it is evident that the incorporation of safety criteria within the technical-economic decision-making process for the design of production systems would be a crucial requirement at development phase.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant number of 51861145402.
文摘This research explored the application potential of PUM thin-overlay technology on airport rapid maintenance.The rapid curing process of polyurethane binder determines the limited time window for mixing and construction of polyurethane-bonded mixture(PUM),which presents significant difference with hot-mix asphalt(HMA)technology.Therefore,this research investigated and optimized the mix design of PUM for airport thin-overlay technology based on its thermosetting characteristics.First,limestone and basalt were comprehensively compared as an aggregate for PUM.Then,the effects of molding and curing conditions were studied in terms of mixing time,molding method,molding parameters and curing temperature.Statistical analysis was also conducted to evaluate the effects of gradation and particle size on PUM performances based on gray relational analysis(GRA),thus determining the key particle size to control PUM performances.Finally,the internal structural details of PUM were captured by X-ray CT scan test.The results demonstrated that it only took 12 hours to reach 75%of maximum strength at a curing temperature of 50°C,indicating an efficient curing process and in turn allowing short traffic delay.The internal structural details of PUM presented distribution of tiny pores with few connective voids,guaranteeing waterproof property and high strength.
