Multi-constrained pipes conveying fluid,such as aircraft hydraulic control pipes,are susceptible to resonance fatigue in harsh vibration environments,which may lead to system failure and even catastrophic accidents.In...Multi-constrained pipes conveying fluid,such as aircraft hydraulic control pipes,are susceptible to resonance fatigue in harsh vibration environments,which may lead to system failure and even catastrophic accidents.In this study,a machine learning(ML)-assisted weak vibration design method under harsh environmental excitations is proposed.The dynamic model of a typical pipe is developed using the absolute nodal coordinate formulation(ANCF)to determine its vibrational characteristics.With the harsh vibration environments as the preserved frequency band(PFB),the safety design is defined by comparing the natural frequency with the PFB.By analyzing the safety design of pipes with different constraint parameters,the dataset of the absolute safety length and the absolute resonance length of the pipe is obtained.This dataset is then utilized to develop genetic programming(GP)algorithm-based ML models capable of producing explicit mathematical expressions of the pipe's absolute safety length and absolute resonance length with the location,stiffness,and total number of retaining clips as design variables.The proposed ML models effectively bridge the dataset with the prediction results.Thus,the ML model is utilized to stagger the natural frequency,and the PFB is utilized to achieve the weak vibration design.The findings of the present study provide valuable insights into the practical application of weak vibration design.展开更多
The interfacial structure plays an important role in the mechanical properties of magnesium matrix composite(MMCs)reinforced with graphene nanosheet(GNS)due to their poor wettability with the Mg matrix.An interface de...The interfacial structure plays an important role in the mechanical properties of magnesium matrix composite(MMCs)reinforced with graphene nanosheet(GNS)due to their poor wettability with the Mg matrix.An interface design strategy was proposed to form the semi-coherent interfacial structure with superior bonding strength.The lattice mismatch and interfacial bonding strength between Mg/rare earth oxide/carbon were utilized as key characteristics to evaluate the interfacial structure.Lanthanum oxide(La2O3)was selected as the intermediate candidate due to its low lattice mismatch and high interfacial bonding strength.To identify the interfacial structure of Mg/La2O3/graphene,first-principles calculations were conducted to calculate the ideal work of separation and electronic structure of the interfaces.Results demonstrated the presence of strong ionic and covalent interactions at the interface,which theoretically verified the strong interfacial bonding strength among Mg/La2O3/graphene interfaces.To experimentally validate the interface strength,MMCs with the interface structure of Mg/La2O3/GNS were developed.The formation of in-situ La2O3 led to the successful attainment of semi-coherent structures between Mg/La2O3 and La2O3/GNS,resulting in high strength and good ductility of the composite.Overall,this work proposes a new approach to interface design in MMCs with an enhancement of mechanical properties.展开更多
Organic afterglow materials have drawn increasing attention for their great potential in practical applications.Until now,most of them just show the lifetimes in milliseconds or seconds,while the realization of long p...Organic afterglow materials have drawn increasing attention for their great potential in practical applications.Until now,most of them just show the lifetimes in milliseconds or seconds,while the realization of long persistent luminescence(LPL)lasting for minutes or even hours is difficult.In 2017,Adachi and Kabe successfully realize the LPL with a duration longer than 1 hour in a purely organic system,which can be even comparable to some excellent inorganic materials.However,partially for the unclear structure-property relationship,organic LPL materials are still rather scarce,especially for the stable ones in air or aqueous solution.In this review,we present the recent progress in organic LPL,mainly focusing on the material design strategy and internal mechanism.It is anticipated that the deep understanding can be beneficial for the further development of organic LPL materials with good stability in air and even aqueous phase.展开更多
Slope ecological protection technology is a form of slope protection with high ornamental and good economic value.At present,it is widely used in highways and urban streets’slope protection works.However,its use is n...Slope ecological protection technology is a form of slope protection with high ornamental and good economic value.At present,it is widely used in highways and urban streets’slope protection works.However,its use is not very common in mountain tourism highways;hence,it is necessary to implement strategies for mountain tourism highway slope ecological protection design to promote excellent development.展开更多
Highway is an important kind of infrastructure which the transportation sector depends on.The rationality of the interchange design between urban roads and expressways is related to the relieving of urban traffic pres...Highway is an important kind of infrastructure which the transportation sector depends on.The rationality of the interchange design between urban roads and expressways is related to the relieving of urban traffic pressure.Based on the status quo of interchange design between urban roads and expressways,this paper discusses the types and applications of interchange design,hoping to provide reference for the design and construction of highway projects and ensure the rationality of interchange design.展开更多
Under the new energy resource structure,electrocatalysts are key materials for the development of proton membrane fuel cells,electrolysis of aquatic hydrogen devices,and carbon dioxide reduction equipment,to address e...Under the new energy resource structure,electrocatalysts are key materials for the development of proton membrane fuel cells,electrolysis of aquatic hydrogen devices,and carbon dioxide reduction equipment,to address energy shortages and even environmental pollution issues.Although controlling the morphology or doping with heteroatoms for catalyst active centers have accelerated the reaction rate,it is difficult to solve the problems of multiple by-products,and poor stability of catalytic sites.From this,it will be seen that single regulation of metal active centers is difficult to comprehensively solve application problems.Orderly assembly and coordination of catalyst multi-hierarchy structures at the mesoscale above the nanometer level probably be more reasonable strategies,and numerous studies in thermal catalysis have supported this viewpoint.This article reviews the multi-hierarchy design of electrocatalyst active centers,high-energy supports,and peripheral structures in recent years,providing unconventional inspiration about electrocatalyst creation,which perhaps serves as a simple tutorial of electrocatalysis exploration for abecedarian.展开更多
Traditional CAD technique does not support the design processes such as function definition, conceptual design and preliminary design, which are most creative and play significant roles on the design quality. Because ...Traditional CAD technique does not support the design processes such as function definition, conceptual design and preliminary design, which are most creative and play significant roles on the design quality. Because scheme design has close relationship with product structure, performance and technology cost, it is important for applying the intelligent CAD of scheme design to improve the quality and competitive level of the product. The definition and function of welding positioner are discussed in this paper. The new definition of welding positioner extends the research scope of welding positioner to welding fixture and welding positioning motion mechanism. The design process of welding fixture and positioning motion system is described, and the cased based and knowledge based design strategy of welding positioner scheme design intelligent CAD is then put forward, which lays foundation for developing proto type system of welding positioner scheme design.展开更多
With the accelerated development and utilization of urban underground space,the underground space design of complex based on rail transit has attracted much attention.By sorting out the integration concept and constru...With the accelerated development and utilization of urban underground space,the underground space design of complex based on rail transit has attracted much attention.By sorting out the integration concept and constructing the logical framework of integrated design,the integrated design strategy is proposed from the aspects of function,transportation,space and environment on the urban scale,and the evaluation points of integrated design effect are put forward from the aspects of accessibility,coordination,openness and symbolism.展开更多
The memorial hall is an important place to learn red culture in China,which plays a positive role in carrying forward red culture and continuing revolutionary spirit.The outline of the “14^(th) Five-year” plan point...The memorial hall is an important place to learn red culture in China,which plays a positive role in carrying forward red culture and continuing revolutionary spirit.The outline of the “14^(th) Five-year” plan points out that “it should adhere to the integrated development,shape tourism with culture,highlight culture with tourism,and improve the system of integrated development of culture and tourism”.On this basis,it is proposed that the development of memorial halls in the new era needs the integration of culture and tourism.In this paper,the protection status of red culture of Hehan Detachment is investigated,and its existing problems are analyzed.The construction of Hehan Detachment Memorial Hall is taken as research object.The design strategy of the memorial hall is put forward,and rural red culture undertakings and the integrated development of culture and tourism industry are further established and improved.The research could provide a valuable reference for continuing red culture undertakings and innovating the development of culture and tourism industry at present.展开更多
Mathematics homework is an important part of mathematics teaching. The new curriculum reform has not made specific measures for mathematics homework. At present, teachers dont know how to design layered homework in ho...Mathematics homework is an important part of mathematics teaching. The new curriculum reform has not made specific measures for mathematics homework. At present, teachers dont know how to design layered homework in homework arrangement. Mathematics is a logical subject, and most students have resistance to mathematics learning. Some researchers use the experimental method to study the design of elementary school mathematics stratified homework, taking the students in parallel classes as the research objects, and designing the mathematics homework to meet the students learning needs according to the students learning characteristics. Based on this, this paper studies the optimal design strategy of hierarchical exercises of senior mathematics in primary schools for reference.展开更多
Based on the functions and characteristics of the interchange collector-distributor lanes,with Harbin as an example,it is proposed in this paper that the local characteristics and traffic flow characteristics should b...Based on the functions and characteristics of the interchange collector-distributor lanes,with Harbin as an example,it is proposed in this paper that the local characteristics and traffic flow characteristics should be considered in the design of the interchange collector-distributor lanes,which includes the analysis of function,location,and many other aspects,in hopes to provide reference for the design of collector-distributor lanes in other regions of our country.展开更多
With the gradual increase of the building scale and the significant improvement of peoples living standards, the living quality of housing has put forward higher requirements. The rapid development of the construction...With the gradual increase of the building scale and the significant improvement of peoples living standards, the living quality of housing has put forward higher requirements. The rapid development of the construction industry, the level of building information requirements are also getting higher and higher. At present, building managers gradually begin to use the prefabricated housing concept, and enhance the application of BIM technology. The reasonable application of BIM technology, as a new construction technology, can not only speed up the construction progress of the project, but also effectively enhance the environmental protection performance of the engineering construction, which can significantly improve the economic benefits and ecological benefits of the construction project, and promote the sustainable development of the construction industry. Therefore, reasonable measures should be taken to combine the key design points of prefabricated houses to realize the efficient application of BIM technology and effectively guarantee the living safety of buildings.展开更多
With the improvement of people's living standards in China, daily energy consumption is also higher and higher, energy saving is more and more important, which has become one of the most urgent problems in the cur...With the improvement of people's living standards in China, daily energy consumption is also higher and higher, energy saving is more and more important, which has become one of the most urgent problems in the current construction engineering. HVAC is one of the important projects in construction engineering, and also one of the main energy consumption projects in construction engineering. Its energy-saving technology has been paid more and more attention.展开更多
As a kind of large-scale physical energy storage,compressed air energy storage(CAES)plays an important role in the construction of more efficient energy system based on renewable energy in the future.Compared with tra...As a kind of large-scale physical energy storage,compressed air energy storage(CAES)plays an important role in the construction of more efficient energy system based on renewable energy in the future.Compared with traditional industrial compressors,the compressor of CAES has higher off-design performance requirements.From the perspective of design,it needs to pay attention not only to the performance of the design point,but also to the performance of all the stable working range.However,from the previous literature,no diagonal compressor was used in CAES which can meet the requirements,which also reflects the design program can be further improved.Therefore,this paper studies the design strategy of high efficient diagonal compressor for large-scale CAES,and gives the complete strategy algorithms used for different program modules.The pressure ratio,isentropic efficiency and stable working range are comprehensively considered.In the design process,the criteria for the key parameters of the diagonal flow angle of the diagonal compressor are given for the first time.The results show that the isentropic efficiency at the design point is 92.7%,the total pressure ratio is1.97,and the stable working range exceeds 20%,which meets the design requirements of the compressor for CAES and exceeds the overall performance of the previous compressors in the entire working range.展开更多
The evolution of cancer therapies has highlighted the limitations of traditional chemotherapy,particularly its lack of specificity and off-target toxicities,driving the development of targeted treatments like small mo...The evolution of cancer therapies has highlighted the limitations of traditional chemotherapy,particularly its lack of specificity and off-target toxicities,driving the development of targeted treatments like small molecule-drug conjugates(SMDCs).SMDCs offer distinct advantages over antibody-drug conjugates(ADCs),including simpler synthesis,lower production costs,and improved solid tumor penetration due to their smaller size.However,challenges remain,such as a limited variety of targeting ligands and the complexity of optimizing selectivity and efficacy within the tumor microenvironment.This review focuses on key aspects such as mechanisms of action,biomarker selection,and the optimization of each component of SMDCs.It also covers SMDCs that have been approved or are currently under active clinical trials,while providing insights into future developments in this promising field of targeted cancer therapies.展开更多
Solid-state lithium-ion batteries(SSLIBs) offer significant advantages over traditional liquid-electrolytebased batteries,including improved safety,higher energy density,and better thermal stability.Among various anod...Solid-state lithium-ion batteries(SSLIBs) offer significant advantages over traditional liquid-electrolytebased batteries,including improved safety,higher energy density,and better thermal stability.Among various anode materials,silicon(Si)-based anodes have attracted significant attention due to their ultrahigh theoretical capacity(~4200 mAh/g) and abundant resources.However,widespread adoption of Si-based anodes in SSLIBs is still restricted by some critical challenges such as severe volume expansion,low electronic and ionic conductivity,high interfacial impedance,and low initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE).This review mainly focuses on the design strategies of Si-based anode for SSLIBs at the material,electrode and cell levels including nanostructuring,Si alloys,Si-carbon composites,conductive additives,advanced binder,external pressure,electrolyte infiltration,and prelithiation.The insights provided here aim to inspire future research and accelerate commercialization of high-performance Si-based anodes in next-generation SSLIBs.展开更多
As a unique symbol of regional culture,the arcade building carries rich historical memories and cultural connotations.In the process of urban renewal,how to reasonably renovate it so that it can meet modern living nee...As a unique symbol of regional culture,the arcade building carries rich historical memories and cultural connotations.In the process of urban renewal,how to reasonably renovate it so that it can meet modern living needs while preserving cultural continuity has become an important issue.Chan aesthetics,with its unique philosophical ideas and aesthetic concepts,offers new perspectives and approaches for the renovation of arcade buildings.This paper delves into the core principles of Chan aesthetics,combining the characteristics and current status of arcade buildings,to explore design strategies for the renovation of arcade buildings based on Chan aesthetics from dimensions such as spatial creation,material application,decorative design,and cultural inheritance.The aim is to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the sustainable development of arcade buildings.展开更多
Infrared optoelectronic sensing is the core of many critical applications such as night vision,health and medication,military,space exploration,etc.Further including mechanical flexibility as a new dimension enables n...Infrared optoelectronic sensing is the core of many critical applications such as night vision,health and medication,military,space exploration,etc.Further including mechanical flexibility as a new dimension enables novel features of adaptability and conformability,promising for developing next-generation optoelectronic sensory applications toward reduced size,weight,price,power consumption,and enhanced performance(SWaP^(3)).However,in this emerging research frontier,challenges persist in simultaneously achieving high infrared response and good mechanical deformability in devices and integrated systems.Therefore,we perform a comprehensive review of the design strategies and insights of flexible infrared optoelectronic sensors,including the fundamentals of infrared photodetectors,selection of materials and device architectures,fabrication techniques and design strategies,and the discussion of architectural and functional integration towards applications in wearable optoelectronics and advanced image sensing.Finally,this article offers insights into future directions to practically realize the ultra-high performance and smart sensors enabled by infrared-sensitive materials,covering challenges in materials development and device micro-/nanofabrication.Benchmarks for scaling these techniques across fabrication,performance,and integration are presented,alongside perspectives on potential applications in medication and health,biomimetic vision,and neuromorphic sensory systems,etc.展开更多
Direct electrolysis of seawater to produce green hydrogen is a more environmentally friendly process than freshwater electrolysis.The renewable energy sector exhibits tremendous interest in practical seawater electrol...Direct electrolysis of seawater to produce green hydrogen is a more environmentally friendly process than freshwater electrolysis.The renewable energy sector exhibits tremendous interest in practical seawater electrolysis techniques due to its substantial capacity to mitigate the need for freshwater consumption.With the low catalytic efficiency of the current seawater splitting process and the poor reliability of its operation,the process suffers from severe corrosion caused by chloride ions,as well as anodic competition between oxygen evolution and chlorine oxidation reactions.This review provides an overview of the latest electrocatalyst developments for promoting selectivity and stability in seawater electrolysis.Using the characterization and simulation results,as well as active machine learning,advanced electrocatalytic materials can be designed and developed,a research direction that will become increasingly important in the future.A variety of strategies are discussed in detail for designing advanced electrocatalysts in seawater electrolysis,including the surface protective layer,structural regulation by heteroatom doping and vacancies,porous structure,core-shell construction,and 3D hetero-structure construction to hinder chlorine evolution reactions.Finally,future perspectives and challenges for green hydrogen production from seawater electrolysis are also described.展开更多
With the rapid development of China's economy and the government's issuance of a series of rural revitalization strategies,the design of rural landscapes has garnered increasing attention.However,some rural la...With the rapid development of China's economy and the government's issuance of a series of rural revitalization strategies,the design of rural landscapes has garnered increasing attention.However,some rural landscape designs have become more urbanized,neglecting the natural ecology,distinctive characteristics,and cultural heritage of rural areas,leading to a homogenized phenomenon.To address issues such as landscape homogenization and cultural erosion in traditional villages,this paper analyzes the current status of ethnic minority village landscapes and integrates landscape design principles to propose design strategies for rural landscapes in traditional ethnic minority villages in Hunan Province.It is intended to better achieve the construction of rural landscapes in traditional ethnic minority villages in Hunan Province.展开更多
基金Project supported by the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12421002)the National Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(No.12025204)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12372015)China Scholarship Council(No.202206890065)。
文摘Multi-constrained pipes conveying fluid,such as aircraft hydraulic control pipes,are susceptible to resonance fatigue in harsh vibration environments,which may lead to system failure and even catastrophic accidents.In this study,a machine learning(ML)-assisted weak vibration design method under harsh environmental excitations is proposed.The dynamic model of a typical pipe is developed using the absolute nodal coordinate formulation(ANCF)to determine its vibrational characteristics.With the harsh vibration environments as the preserved frequency band(PFB),the safety design is defined by comparing the natural frequency with the PFB.By analyzing the safety design of pipes with different constraint parameters,the dataset of the absolute safety length and the absolute resonance length of the pipe is obtained.This dataset is then utilized to develop genetic programming(GP)algorithm-based ML models capable of producing explicit mathematical expressions of the pipe's absolute safety length and absolute resonance length with the location,stiffness,and total number of retaining clips as design variables.The proposed ML models effectively bridge the dataset with the prediction results.Thus,the ML model is utilized to stagger the natural frequency,and the PFB is utilized to achieve the weak vibration design.The findings of the present study provide valuable insights into the practical application of weak vibration design.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2022YFC2905204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.52061028,52061039)the Interdisciplinary Innovation Fund of Nanchang University (IIFNCU),China (No.9166-27060003-ZD05).
文摘The interfacial structure plays an important role in the mechanical properties of magnesium matrix composite(MMCs)reinforced with graphene nanosheet(GNS)due to their poor wettability with the Mg matrix.An interface design strategy was proposed to form the semi-coherent interfacial structure with superior bonding strength.The lattice mismatch and interfacial bonding strength between Mg/rare earth oxide/carbon were utilized as key characteristics to evaluate the interfacial structure.Lanthanum oxide(La2O3)was selected as the intermediate candidate due to its low lattice mismatch and high interfacial bonding strength.To identify the interfacial structure of Mg/La2O3/graphene,first-principles calculations were conducted to calculate the ideal work of separation and electronic structure of the interfaces.Results demonstrated the presence of strong ionic and covalent interactions at the interface,which theoretically verified the strong interfacial bonding strength among Mg/La2O3/graphene interfaces.To experimentally validate the interface strength,MMCs with the interface structure of Mg/La2O3/GNS were developed.The formation of in-situ La2O3 led to the successful attainment of semi-coherent structures between Mg/La2O3 and La2O3/GNS,resulting in high strength and good ductility of the composite.Overall,this work proposes a new approach to interface design in MMCs with an enhancement of mechanical properties.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52273191,22235006)the Chinese Chemical Society Young Talent Lifting Project,the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City(No.22JCYBJC00760)+1 种基金the starting Grants of Tianjin University and Tianjin Government,the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices(South China University of Technology)(No.2024-skllmd-04)Independent Innovation Fund of Tianjin University(No.2023XPD-0014),for financial support.
文摘Organic afterglow materials have drawn increasing attention for their great potential in practical applications.Until now,most of them just show the lifetimes in milliseconds or seconds,while the realization of long persistent luminescence(LPL)lasting for minutes or even hours is difficult.In 2017,Adachi and Kabe successfully realize the LPL with a duration longer than 1 hour in a purely organic system,which can be even comparable to some excellent inorganic materials.However,partially for the unclear structure-property relationship,organic LPL materials are still rather scarce,especially for the stable ones in air or aqueous solution.In this review,we present the recent progress in organic LPL,mainly focusing on the material design strategy and internal mechanism.It is anticipated that the deep understanding can be beneficial for the further development of organic LPL materials with good stability in air and even aqueous phase.
文摘Slope ecological protection technology is a form of slope protection with high ornamental and good economic value.At present,it is widely used in highways and urban streets’slope protection works.However,its use is not very common in mountain tourism highways;hence,it is necessary to implement strategies for mountain tourism highway slope ecological protection design to promote excellent development.
文摘Highway is an important kind of infrastructure which the transportation sector depends on.The rationality of the interchange design between urban roads and expressways is related to the relieving of urban traffic pressure.Based on the status quo of interchange design between urban roads and expressways,this paper discusses the types and applications of interchange design,hoping to provide reference for the design and construction of highway projects and ensure the rationality of interchange design.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91963206,21932004,21872067,22172072)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2021YFA1500301)。
文摘Under the new energy resource structure,electrocatalysts are key materials for the development of proton membrane fuel cells,electrolysis of aquatic hydrogen devices,and carbon dioxide reduction equipment,to address energy shortages and even environmental pollution issues.Although controlling the morphology or doping with heteroatoms for catalyst active centers have accelerated the reaction rate,it is difficult to solve the problems of multiple by-products,and poor stability of catalytic sites.From this,it will be seen that single regulation of metal active centers is difficult to comprehensively solve application problems.Orderly assembly and coordination of catalyst multi-hierarchy structures at the mesoscale above the nanometer level probably be more reasonable strategies,and numerous studies in thermal catalysis have supported this viewpoint.This article reviews the multi-hierarchy design of electrocatalyst active centers,high-energy supports,and peripheral structures in recent years,providing unconventional inspiration about electrocatalyst creation,which perhaps serves as a simple tutorial of electrocatalysis exploration for abecedarian.
文摘Traditional CAD technique does not support the design processes such as function definition, conceptual design and preliminary design, which are most creative and play significant roles on the design quality. Because scheme design has close relationship with product structure, performance and technology cost, it is important for applying the intelligent CAD of scheme design to improve the quality and competitive level of the product. The definition and function of welding positioner are discussed in this paper. The new definition of welding positioner extends the research scope of welding positioner to welding fixture and welding positioning motion mechanism. The design process of welding fixture and positioning motion system is described, and the cased based and knowledge based design strategy of welding positioner scheme design intelligent CAD is then put forward, which lays foundation for developing proto type system of welding positioner scheme design.
文摘With the accelerated development and utilization of urban underground space,the underground space design of complex based on rail transit has attracted much attention.By sorting out the integration concept and constructing the logical framework of integrated design,the integrated design strategy is proposed from the aspects of function,transportation,space and environment on the urban scale,and the evaluation points of integrated design effect are put forward from the aspects of accessibility,coordination,openness and symbolism.
基金Sponsored by Stage Achievements of Major Projects of Humanities and Social Sciences in Colleges and Universities of Anhui Province (SK2021ZD0036)。
文摘The memorial hall is an important place to learn red culture in China,which plays a positive role in carrying forward red culture and continuing revolutionary spirit.The outline of the “14^(th) Five-year” plan points out that “it should adhere to the integrated development,shape tourism with culture,highlight culture with tourism,and improve the system of integrated development of culture and tourism”.On this basis,it is proposed that the development of memorial halls in the new era needs the integration of culture and tourism.In this paper,the protection status of red culture of Hehan Detachment is investigated,and its existing problems are analyzed.The construction of Hehan Detachment Memorial Hall is taken as research object.The design strategy of the memorial hall is put forward,and rural red culture undertakings and the integrated development of culture and tourism industry are further established and improved.The research could provide a valuable reference for continuing red culture undertakings and innovating the development of culture and tourism industry at present.
文摘Mathematics homework is an important part of mathematics teaching. The new curriculum reform has not made specific measures for mathematics homework. At present, teachers dont know how to design layered homework in homework arrangement. Mathematics is a logical subject, and most students have resistance to mathematics learning. Some researchers use the experimental method to study the design of elementary school mathematics stratified homework, taking the students in parallel classes as the research objects, and designing the mathematics homework to meet the students learning needs according to the students learning characteristics. Based on this, this paper studies the optimal design strategy of hierarchical exercises of senior mathematics in primary schools for reference.
文摘Based on the functions and characteristics of the interchange collector-distributor lanes,with Harbin as an example,it is proposed in this paper that the local characteristics and traffic flow characteristics should be considered in the design of the interchange collector-distributor lanes,which includes the analysis of function,location,and many other aspects,in hopes to provide reference for the design of collector-distributor lanes in other regions of our country.
文摘With the gradual increase of the building scale and the significant improvement of peoples living standards, the living quality of housing has put forward higher requirements. The rapid development of the construction industry, the level of building information requirements are also getting higher and higher. At present, building managers gradually begin to use the prefabricated housing concept, and enhance the application of BIM technology. The reasonable application of BIM technology, as a new construction technology, can not only speed up the construction progress of the project, but also effectively enhance the environmental protection performance of the engineering construction, which can significantly improve the economic benefits and ecological benefits of the construction project, and promote the sustainable development of the construction industry. Therefore, reasonable measures should be taken to combine the key design points of prefabricated houses to realize the efficient application of BIM technology and effectively guarantee the living safety of buildings.
文摘With the improvement of people's living standards in China, daily energy consumption is also higher and higher, energy saving is more and more important, which has become one of the most urgent problems in the current construction engineering. HVAC is one of the important projects in construction engineering, and also one of the main energy consumption projects in construction engineering. Its energy-saving technology has been paid more and more attention.
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Projects of Inner Mongolia(Grant No.2021ZD0030)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52106278)+2 种基金the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.51925604)the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(No.[2019]1422)Xplorer Prize。
文摘As a kind of large-scale physical energy storage,compressed air energy storage(CAES)plays an important role in the construction of more efficient energy system based on renewable energy in the future.Compared with traditional industrial compressors,the compressor of CAES has higher off-design performance requirements.From the perspective of design,it needs to pay attention not only to the performance of the design point,but also to the performance of all the stable working range.However,from the previous literature,no diagonal compressor was used in CAES which can meet the requirements,which also reflects the design program can be further improved.Therefore,this paper studies the design strategy of high efficient diagonal compressor for large-scale CAES,and gives the complete strategy algorithms used for different program modules.The pressure ratio,isentropic efficiency and stable working range are comprehensively considered.In the design process,the criteria for the key parameters of the diagonal flow angle of the diagonal compressor are given for the first time.The results show that the isentropic efficiency at the design point is 92.7%,the total pressure ratio is1.97,and the stable working range exceeds 20%,which meets the design requirements of the compressor for CAES and exceeds the overall performance of the previous compressors in the entire working range.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82473781,82173652 and 81872728)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20221522)Support from Jiangsu“333 High Level Talents Cultivation”Leading Talents(No.2022–3–16–203)。
文摘The evolution of cancer therapies has highlighted the limitations of traditional chemotherapy,particularly its lack of specificity and off-target toxicities,driving the development of targeted treatments like small molecule-drug conjugates(SMDCs).SMDCs offer distinct advantages over antibody-drug conjugates(ADCs),including simpler synthesis,lower production costs,and improved solid tumor penetration due to their smaller size.However,challenges remain,such as a limited variety of targeting ligands and the complexity of optimizing selectivity and efficacy within the tumor microenvironment.This review focuses on key aspects such as mechanisms of action,biomarker selection,and the optimization of each component of SMDCs.It also covers SMDCs that have been approved or are currently under active clinical trials,while providing insights into future developments in this promising field of targeted cancer therapies.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22366032,52072119)Hunan Intelligent Rehabilitation Robot and Auxiliary Equipment Engineering Technology Research Center(No.2025SH301)。
文摘Solid-state lithium-ion batteries(SSLIBs) offer significant advantages over traditional liquid-electrolytebased batteries,including improved safety,higher energy density,and better thermal stability.Among various anode materials,silicon(Si)-based anodes have attracted significant attention due to their ultrahigh theoretical capacity(~4200 mAh/g) and abundant resources.However,widespread adoption of Si-based anodes in SSLIBs is still restricted by some critical challenges such as severe volume expansion,low electronic and ionic conductivity,high interfacial impedance,and low initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE).This review mainly focuses on the design strategies of Si-based anode for SSLIBs at the material,electrode and cell levels including nanostructuring,Si alloys,Si-carbon composites,conductive additives,advanced binder,external pressure,electrolyte infiltration,and prelithiation.The insights provided here aim to inspire future research and accelerate commercialization of high-performance Si-based anodes in next-generation SSLIBs.
基金Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project of Haikou City in 2025(Project No.:2025-ZCKT-106)。
文摘As a unique symbol of regional culture,the arcade building carries rich historical memories and cultural connotations.In the process of urban renewal,how to reasonably renovate it so that it can meet modern living needs while preserving cultural continuity has become an important issue.Chan aesthetics,with its unique philosophical ideas and aesthetic concepts,offers new perspectives and approaches for the renovation of arcade buildings.This paper delves into the core principles of Chan aesthetics,combining the characteristics and current status of arcade buildings,to explore design strategies for the renovation of arcade buildings based on Chan aesthetics from dimensions such as spatial creation,material application,decorative design,and cultural inheritance.The aim is to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the sustainable development of arcade buildings.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62204015)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L223006).
文摘Infrared optoelectronic sensing is the core of many critical applications such as night vision,health and medication,military,space exploration,etc.Further including mechanical flexibility as a new dimension enables novel features of adaptability and conformability,promising for developing next-generation optoelectronic sensory applications toward reduced size,weight,price,power consumption,and enhanced performance(SWaP^(3)).However,in this emerging research frontier,challenges persist in simultaneously achieving high infrared response and good mechanical deformability in devices and integrated systems.Therefore,we perform a comprehensive review of the design strategies and insights of flexible infrared optoelectronic sensors,including the fundamentals of infrared photodetectors,selection of materials and device architectures,fabrication techniques and design strategies,and the discussion of architectural and functional integration towards applications in wearable optoelectronics and advanced image sensing.Finally,this article offers insights into future directions to practically realize the ultra-high performance and smart sensors enabled by infrared-sensitive materials,covering challenges in materials development and device micro-/nanofabrication.Benchmarks for scaling these techniques across fabrication,performance,and integration are presented,alongside perspectives on potential applications in medication and health,biomimetic vision,and neuromorphic sensory systems,etc.
基金part of a research project, PIF 726175Alfaisal University and its Office of Research & Innovation for their continuous support throughout this study。
文摘Direct electrolysis of seawater to produce green hydrogen is a more environmentally friendly process than freshwater electrolysis.The renewable energy sector exhibits tremendous interest in practical seawater electrolysis techniques due to its substantial capacity to mitigate the need for freshwater consumption.With the low catalytic efficiency of the current seawater splitting process and the poor reliability of its operation,the process suffers from severe corrosion caused by chloride ions,as well as anodic competition between oxygen evolution and chlorine oxidation reactions.This review provides an overview of the latest electrocatalyst developments for promoting selectivity and stability in seawater electrolysis.Using the characterization and simulation results,as well as active machine learning,advanced electrocatalytic materials can be designed and developed,a research direction that will become increasingly important in the future.A variety of strategies are discussed in detail for designing advanced electrocatalysts in seawater electrolysis,including the surface protective layer,structural regulation by heteroatom doping and vacancies,porous structure,core-shell construction,and 3D hetero-structure construction to hinder chlorine evolution reactions.Finally,future perspectives and challenges for green hydrogen production from seawater electrolysis are also described.
基金Supported by Key Scientific Research Project of the Department of Education of Hunan Province in 2022"Research on Art and Design Strategies for Rural Revitalization in Ethnic Minority Traditional Villages of Hunan under the New Development Concept"(22A0396).
文摘With the rapid development of China's economy and the government's issuance of a series of rural revitalization strategies,the design of rural landscapes has garnered increasing attention.However,some rural landscape designs have become more urbanized,neglecting the natural ecology,distinctive characteristics,and cultural heritage of rural areas,leading to a homogenized phenomenon.To address issues such as landscape homogenization and cultural erosion in traditional villages,this paper analyzes the current status of ethnic minority village landscapes and integrates landscape design principles to propose design strategies for rural landscapes in traditional ethnic minority villages in Hunan Province.It is intended to better achieve the construction of rural landscapes in traditional ethnic minority villages in Hunan Province.
