Despite government incentives,developers are reluctant to invest in green building initiatives due to their perceived extra costs-in particular additional consultant and construction implementation costs.This paper ex...Despite government incentives,developers are reluctant to invest in green building initiatives due to their perceived extra costs-in particular additional consultant and construction implementation costs.This paper examines the issues preventing the integration of Green Building Index(GBI)consultancy with residential building development in the Malaysian construction industry.Following a literature review of the challenges involving GBI consultancy at the early stage of green residential development,a semi-structured interview method was used to elicit opinion on perceived barriers to integrating the GBI process from 30 interviewees;mainly developers,GBI consultants,building consultants and regulators in the Malaysian construction industry with involvement in green building.The study found that a lack of communication between design team members and GBI consultants was a major barrier.This reduced the opportunity for a more collaborative effort to minimise costs and wastage during the design stages.Lack of insight into the impact of integrating the GBI consultancy into design process within the project time frames was evident.Effective coordination is necessary if the involvement of GBI consultants,particularly at early design stage,is to be successfully managed.It is recommended that work coordination among design team members and GBI consultants needs periodic review.展开更多
Homology of drama and architecture in the early development stage decides the close relationship between both,drama stage design and architectural structural design always apply different approaches but achieve equall...Homology of drama and architecture in the early development stage decides the close relationship between both,drama stage design and architectural structural design always apply different approaches but achieve equally satisfactory results.Stage layout and structural design often use architectural symbols,and application of architectural symbols in drama is a common approach of stage art design.But the designer of Jiuzhai Paradise International Conference and Resort Center-the project won Lu Ban Award did exactly the opposite by taking drama elements such as time,figures,location and plot to the "stage" of architecture,and telling visitors a story between traditional Tibetan,Qiang culture and primitive forest life over one thousand years,he indeed created a unique classic architecture using the concept of drama stage design.展开更多
The task activity in the post-task stage is mainly to enable the students clearly aware of their own language learning process in the existing problems and effectively solve them through the ＂do-it-again＂ , language...The task activity in the post-task stage is mainly to enable the students clearly aware of their own language learning process in the existing problems and effectively solve them through the ＂do-it-again＂ , language focus and other activities, and at the same time the focus of this lesson, difficulties are more clear and clear. It can be said that post-task activities play a vital role in highlighting priorities, breaking through difficulties, and achieving effective goals for teaching goals. The design of the activities in the post-task stage is to complete the task and language focus together, reflecting the distinctive characteristics of task-based teaching. The design of the activities in the post-task stage can be achieved through evaluation, language focus, and extra-curricular activities.展开更多
It has great significance to carry out cost control in the structural design stage of housing construction projects, which can not only effectively manage the initial cost, but also improve the cost control effect. Th...It has great significance to carry out cost control in the structural design stage of housing construction projects, which can not only effectively manage the initial cost, but also improve the cost control effect. Therefore, when implementing cost control projects, enterprises should pay attention to the management in the design stage of building structures, supervision in the design stage, contract management, change forecast and modification, etc. and adopt various comprehensive measures to promote reasonable cost control.展开更多
In the past decade, the construction speed of high-rise office towers worldwide hasexhibited explosive growth. The unique morphological characteristics of high-rise office towersresult in higher shape factors and rela...In the past decade, the construction speed of high-rise office towers worldwide hasexhibited explosive growth. The unique morphological characteristics of high-rise office towersresult in higher shape factors and relatively larger thermal loads. The traditional workflow of“design-evaluation” in the early stages of design imposes constraints on the diversity of towermorphology, the timeliness of performance evaluation, and the efficient integration of systems. Therefore, targeting the geometric characteristics of high-rise office towers, a systematically developed and universally applicable design grammar, named “Vertex-Based PolygonalGenerative Grammar (VPGG)” is proposed. Additionally, a corresponding early-stage performance driven High-rise Office Tower Generative Design Framework (HOT_GDF) is introduced.Case study results demonstrate that, with the support of Artificial Neural Network, utilizingthis system can not only globally explore the diversity of tower morphologies but also efficiently uncover greater energy-saving potential in complex architectural forms compared tosimpler cubic forms, with an improvement of up to 7.76% during the early stages of design. Designed from the perspective of architects, the framework achieves logical, refined, and visualreal-time interaction between computers and human minds during the early stages of towerdesign. This enhances design efficiency and facilitates design decision-making. It systematically integrates considerations for environmental performance, such as thermal load and thermal comfort, into the design process. Furthermore, it couples various aspects of morphologicaldesign with corresponding building performance, helping users in making design decisions froma rational and quantifiable perspective. This captures greater design potential, encompassingboth form and performance, for high-rise office towers during the initial design phase.展开更多
Numerical mechanical models used for design of structures and processes are very complex and high-dimensionally parametrised.The understanding of the model characteristics is of interest for engineering tasks and subs...Numerical mechanical models used for design of structures and processes are very complex and high-dimensionally parametrised.The understanding of the model characteristics is of interest for engineering tasks and subsequently for an efficient design.Multiple analysis methods are known and available to gain insight into existing models.In this contribution,selected methods from various fields are applied to a real world mechanical engineering example of a currently developed clinching process.The selection of introduced methods comprises techniques of machine learning and data mining,in which the utilization is aiming at a decreased numerical effort.The methods of choice are basically discussed and references are given as well as challenges in the context of meta-modelling and sensitivities are shown.An incremental knowledge gain is provided by a step-bystep application of the numerical methods,whereas resulting consequences for further applications are highlighted.Furthermore,a visualisation method aiming at an easy design guideline is proposed.These visual decision maps incorporate the uncertainty coming from the reduction of dimensionality and can be applied in early stage of design.展开更多
A large number of cases show that the multi-objective optimization method can significantly improve building performance.The method for multi-objective building performance optimization(BPO)design has achieved rapid d...A large number of cases show that the multi-objective optimization method can significantly improve building performance.The method for multi-objective building performance optimization(BPO)design has achieved rapid development in recent years.However,the BPO method still needs to be improved.Specifically,weak interaction between the optimization process and the decision-making process results in low optimization efficiency,which limits the widespread application of the optimization method in early design stage.In this paper,a new interactive BPO mode is explored to strengthen the interaction between the optimization process and decisionmaking process,and a preference-based multi-objective BPO method is proposed to account for designers'decision preferences during the optimization process,making the objective more controllable,improving the optimization efficiency and ensuring the diversity of solutions.Firstly,this paper illustrates the proposed method in detail,defines the concept of performance preference,expounds the flow of the preference-based multi-objective optimization algorithm,and proposes three indicators to evaluate the algorithm,which includes convergence speed,preference satisfaction rate,and diversity measurement.Secondly,through testing and comparison,it is found that the proposed preference-based algorithm has advantages over the non-preference optimization algorithm(represented by the NSGA-II algorithm).The proposed method leads to faster convergence and higher preference satisfaction,so it is more suitable for the BPO process in the early design stage.Specially,the proposed method can achieve 100%preference satisfaction rate with only 2400 simulations,while the non-preference method can only achieve 20%preference satisfaction rate after 5800 simulations.In this paper,a preference-based multi-objective BPO method is proposed to make the optimization process closely interact with the decision-making process and make the design preferences be accounted during the BPO process,thereby improving the optimization efficiency.In addition,this study first proposes two indicators to measure the quality of optimization results:preference satisfaction rate and diversity measurement.This study aims to guide the development of BPO methods towards providing high satisfaction rate and high quality optimization results.展开更多
In performance-based architectural design optimization, the design of building massings and façades is commonly separated, which weakens the effectiveness in performance improvement. In response, this study propo...In performance-based architectural design optimization, the design of building massings and façades is commonly separated, which weakens the effectiveness in performance improvement. In response, this study proposes a hybrid massing-façade integrated design generation and optimization workflow to integrate the two elements in an evolutionary design process. Compared with the existing approaches, the proposed workflow emphasizes the diversity of building design generation, with which various combinations of building massing forms and façade patterns can be systematically explored. Two case studies and a corresponding comparison study are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed workflow. Results show that the optimization can produce designs coupling the potential of building massings and façades in performance improvement. In addition, the optimization can provide information that supports early-stage architectural design exploration. Such information also enables the architect to understand the performance implications associated with the synergy of building massing and façade design.展开更多
Although gradual, the changes in the weather patterns are also noticeable and impactful to architectural design. If the local microclimate is taken into account early in the conceptual stage of design, the longevity o...Although gradual, the changes in the weather patterns are also noticeable and impactful to architectural design. If the local microclimate is taken into account early in the conceptual stage of design, the longevity of the ultimate structure can be greatly enhanced, despite challenging environmental factors. Parametric designing enables to discover the optimal architectural shape based on specific weather data. The paper intends to investigate how this design approach, coupled with Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations, can be used to create a wind-induced architecture. Both the benefits and the limitations of this approach are explored in detail. The interaction between an architectural shape and wind flow is tested in a study called ‘FlowBrane’. The process of （1） designing a parametrically changeable geometry, （2） testing its behavior in the wind, and （3） evaluating the results allows looping back to the initial geometric design, continuing to improve the design and ultimately the performance of the architecture in the specific wind conditions of the chosen site. However, the need to test multiple geometries separately and to adjust the wind simulation for each test （and for every wind direction） remains a disadvantage that should be addressed in further research.展开更多
ⅠKeeping step with the economic re-structuring and the policy of opening tothe outside world,marked progress hasbeen made in China’s urban constructionand great strides have been taken in cityplanning during the ten...ⅠKeeping step with the economic re-structuring and the policy of opening tothe outside world,marked progress hasbeen made in China’s urban constructionand great strides have been taken in cityplanning during the ten years and more re-cently.This is manifested in the following5 respects.A.Thanks to the展开更多
In response to the inadaptation and difficulties for architects in the use of engineering simulation tools and optimization methods,a method is proposed for graphical performance evaluation achieved with a developed p...In response to the inadaptation and difficulties for architects in the use of engineering simulation tools and optimization methods,a method is proposed for graphical performance evaluation achieved with a developed plugin for Grasshopper as an architect-friendly tool to support design exploration in early stage.The proposed method follows forward work-flow for interactive feedback of performance,focusing on thermal and visual comfort upon a variety of design options.A case study of shading design is demonstrated.The demonstration illustrated an intuitive and graphical process for qualitative performance evaluation,which is assisted by an overall ratio ranking the integrated performance of design options for a quantitative comparison.Compared with engineering optimization methods that focus on optimal performance-based solutions,the proposed method presented graphical feedbacks on design performance that are interactive with the designer for performance-informed decision making.In this way,the proposed method stimulates the effective and positive application of engineering tools and judgment at the early stage of iterative design.展开更多
文摘Despite government incentives,developers are reluctant to invest in green building initiatives due to their perceived extra costs-in particular additional consultant and construction implementation costs.This paper examines the issues preventing the integration of Green Building Index(GBI)consultancy with residential building development in the Malaysian construction industry.Following a literature review of the challenges involving GBI consultancy at the early stage of green residential development,a semi-structured interview method was used to elicit opinion on perceived barriers to integrating the GBI process from 30 interviewees;mainly developers,GBI consultants,building consultants and regulators in the Malaysian construction industry with involvement in green building.The study found that a lack of communication between design team members and GBI consultants was a major barrier.This reduced the opportunity for a more collaborative effort to minimise costs and wastage during the design stages.Lack of insight into the impact of integrating the GBI consultancy into design process within the project time frames was evident.Effective coordination is necessary if the involvement of GBI consultants,particularly at early design stage,is to be successfully managed.It is recommended that work coordination among design team members and GBI consultants needs periodic review.
基金Sponsored by China Scholarship Council(CSC 201507670001)
文摘Homology of drama and architecture in the early development stage decides the close relationship between both,drama stage design and architectural structural design always apply different approaches but achieve equally satisfactory results.Stage layout and structural design often use architectural symbols,and application of architectural symbols in drama is a common approach of stage art design.But the designer of Jiuzhai Paradise International Conference and Resort Center-the project won Lu Ban Award did exactly the opposite by taking drama elements such as time,figures,location and plot to the "stage" of architecture,and telling visitors a story between traditional Tibetan,Qiang culture and primitive forest life over one thousand years,he indeed created a unique classic architecture using the concept of drama stage design.
文摘The task activity in the post-task stage is mainly to enable the students clearly aware of their own language learning process in the existing problems and effectively solve them through the ＂do-it-again＂ , language focus and other activities, and at the same time the focus of this lesson, difficulties are more clear and clear. It can be said that post-task activities play a vital role in highlighting priorities, breaking through difficulties, and achieving effective goals for teaching goals. The design of the activities in the post-task stage is to complete the task and language focus together, reflecting the distinctive characteristics of task-based teaching. The design of the activities in the post-task stage can be achieved through evaluation, language focus, and extra-curricular activities.
文摘It has great significance to carry out cost control in the structural design stage of housing construction projects, which can not only effectively manage the initial cost, but also improve the cost control effect. Therefore, when implementing cost control projects, enterprises should pay attention to the management in the design stage of building structures, supervision in the design stage, contract management, change forecast and modification, etc. and adopt various comprehensive measures to promote reasonable cost control.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51878436,51708397).
文摘In the past decade, the construction speed of high-rise office towers worldwide hasexhibited explosive growth. The unique morphological characteristics of high-rise office towersresult in higher shape factors and relatively larger thermal loads. The traditional workflow of“design-evaluation” in the early stages of design imposes constraints on the diversity of towermorphology, the timeliness of performance evaluation, and the efficient integration of systems. Therefore, targeting the geometric characteristics of high-rise office towers, a systematically developed and universally applicable design grammar, named “Vertex-Based PolygonalGenerative Grammar (VPGG)” is proposed. Additionally, a corresponding early-stage performance driven High-rise Office Tower Generative Design Framework (HOT_GDF) is introduced.Case study results demonstrate that, with the support of Artificial Neural Network, utilizingthis system can not only globally explore the diversity of tower morphologies but also efficiently uncover greater energy-saving potential in complex architectural forms compared tosimpler cubic forms, with an improvement of up to 7.76% during the early stages of design. Designed from the perspective of architects, the framework achieves logical, refined, and visualreal-time interaction between computers and human minds during the early stages of towerdesign. This enhances design efficiency and facilitates design decision-making. It systematically integrates considerations for environmental performance, such as thermal load and thermal comfort, into the design process. Furthermore, it couples various aspects of morphologicaldesign with corresponding building performance, helping users in making design decisions froma rational and quantifiable perspective. This captures greater design potential, encompassingboth form and performance, for high-rise office towers during the initial design phase.
文摘Numerical mechanical models used for design of structures and processes are very complex and high-dimensionally parametrised.The understanding of the model characteristics is of interest for engineering tasks and subsequently for an efficient design.Multiple analysis methods are known and available to gain insight into existing models.In this contribution,selected methods from various fields are applied to a real world mechanical engineering example of a currently developed clinching process.The selection of introduced methods comprises techniques of machine learning and data mining,in which the utilization is aiming at a decreased numerical effort.The methods of choice are basically discussed and references are given as well as challenges in the context of meta-modelling and sensitivities are shown.An incremental knowledge gain is provided by a step-bystep application of the numerical methods,whereas resulting consequences for further applications are highlighted.Furthermore,a visualisation method aiming at an easy design guideline is proposed.These visual decision maps incorporate the uncertainty coming from the reduction of dimensionality and can be applied in early stage of design.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(No.51825802)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant(No.2019M650408).
文摘A large number of cases show that the multi-objective optimization method can significantly improve building performance.The method for multi-objective building performance optimization(BPO)design has achieved rapid development in recent years.However,the BPO method still needs to be improved.Specifically,weak interaction between the optimization process and the decision-making process results in low optimization efficiency,which limits the widespread application of the optimization method in early design stage.In this paper,a new interactive BPO mode is explored to strengthen the interaction between the optimization process and decisionmaking process,and a preference-based multi-objective BPO method is proposed to account for designers'decision preferences during the optimization process,making the objective more controllable,improving the optimization efficiency and ensuring the diversity of solutions.Firstly,this paper illustrates the proposed method in detail,defines the concept of performance preference,expounds the flow of the preference-based multi-objective optimization algorithm,and proposes three indicators to evaluate the algorithm,which includes convergence speed,preference satisfaction rate,and diversity measurement.Secondly,through testing and comparison,it is found that the proposed preference-based algorithm has advantages over the non-preference optimization algorithm(represented by the NSGA-II algorithm).The proposed method leads to faster convergence and higher preference satisfaction,so it is more suitable for the BPO process in the early design stage.Specially,the proposed method can achieve 100%preference satisfaction rate with only 2400 simulations,while the non-preference method can only achieve 20%preference satisfaction rate after 5800 simulations.In this paper,a preference-based multi-objective BPO method is proposed to make the optimization process closely interact with the decision-making process and make the design preferences be accounted during the BPO process,thereby improving the optimization efficiency.In addition,this study first proposes two indicators to measure the quality of optimization results:preference satisfaction rate and diversity measurement.This study aims to guide the development of BPO methods towards providing high satisfaction rate and high quality optimization results.
文摘In performance-based architectural design optimization, the design of building massings and façades is commonly separated, which weakens the effectiveness in performance improvement. In response, this study proposes a hybrid massing-façade integrated design generation and optimization workflow to integrate the two elements in an evolutionary design process. Compared with the existing approaches, the proposed workflow emphasizes the diversity of building design generation, with which various combinations of building massing forms and façade patterns can be systematically explored. Two case studies and a corresponding comparison study are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed workflow. Results show that the optimization can produce designs coupling the potential of building massings and façades in performance improvement. In addition, the optimization can provide information that supports early-stage architectural design exploration. Such information also enables the architect to understand the performance implications associated with the synergy of building massing and façade design.
文摘Although gradual, the changes in the weather patterns are also noticeable and impactful to architectural design. If the local microclimate is taken into account early in the conceptual stage of design, the longevity of the ultimate structure can be greatly enhanced, despite challenging environmental factors. Parametric designing enables to discover the optimal architectural shape based on specific weather data. The paper intends to investigate how this design approach, coupled with Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations, can be used to create a wind-induced architecture. Both the benefits and the limitations of this approach are explored in detail. The interaction between an architectural shape and wind flow is tested in a study called ‘FlowBrane’. The process of （1） designing a parametrically changeable geometry, （2） testing its behavior in the wind, and （3） evaluating the results allows looping back to the initial geometric design, continuing to improve the design and ultimately the performance of the architecture in the specific wind conditions of the chosen site. However, the need to test multiple geometries separately and to adjust the wind simulation for each test （and for every wind direction） remains a disadvantage that should be addressed in further research.
文摘ⅠKeeping step with the economic re-structuring and the policy of opening tothe outside world,marked progress hasbeen made in China’s urban constructionand great strides have been taken in cityplanning during the ten years and more re-cently.This is manifested in the following5 respects.A.Thanks to the
基金The first author would like to acknowledge the grant of the Top Youth Programme of Wuhan University that made this work possible。
文摘In response to the inadaptation and difficulties for architects in the use of engineering simulation tools and optimization methods,a method is proposed for graphical performance evaluation achieved with a developed plugin for Grasshopper as an architect-friendly tool to support design exploration in early stage.The proposed method follows forward work-flow for interactive feedback of performance,focusing on thermal and visual comfort upon a variety of design options.A case study of shading design is demonstrated.The demonstration illustrated an intuitive and graphical process for qualitative performance evaluation,which is assisted by an overall ratio ranking the integrated performance of design options for a quantitative comparison.Compared with engineering optimization methods that focus on optimal performance-based solutions,the proposed method presented graphical feedbacks on design performance that are interactive with the designer for performance-informed decision making.In this way,the proposed method stimulates the effective and positive application of engineering tools and judgment at the early stage of iterative design.
