Zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)have significant potential for advancements in energy storage systems owing to their high level of safety and theoretical capacity.However,ZIBs face several challenges,such as cathode capacity ...Zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)have significant potential for advancements in energy storage systems owing to their high level of safety and theoretical capacity.However,ZIBs face several challenges,such as cathode capacity degradation and short cycle life.Ordinary metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)are characterized by high specific surface areas,large pore channels,and controllable structures and functions,making them suitable for use in ZIB cathodes with good performance.However,the insulating properties of MOFs hinder their further development.In contrast,electronic conductive MOFs(EC-MOFs)show high electronic conductivity,which facilitates rapid electron transport and ameliorates the charging and discharging efficiency of ZIBs.This paper introduces the unique conduction mechanism of EC-MOFs and elaborates various strategies for constructing EC-MOFs with high conductivity and stability.Additionally,the synthesis methods of EC-MOF-based cathode materials and their properties in ZIBs are elucidated.Finally,this paper presents a summary and outlook on the advancements of EC-MOFs for ZIB cathodes.This review provides guidance for designing and applying EC-MOFs in ZIBs and other energy storage devices.展开更多
This study presents a holistic framework for sustainable urban design,using the proposed redevelopment design of Berlin’s Tegel Airport as a case study.The research addresses the need for comprehensive,real-world app...This study presents a holistic framework for sustainable urban design,using the proposed redevelopment design of Berlin’s Tegel Airport as a case study.The research addresses the need for comprehensive,real-world applications of sustainable urban design principles in the context of climate change and urban challenges.The proposed framework integrates multiple sustainability elements,including adaptive reuse,innovative energy systems,and a’resource community’concept.Key features include mixed-use development,a phased approach,and innovative mobility solutions.The study demonstrates the practical application of urban resilience theory,adaptive reuse concepts,circular economy principles,and compact city theory.Findings reveal the potential for significant environmental benefits,including reduced energy consumption and improved resource efficiency.The framework shows promise in fostering social cohesion through mixed-use spaces and community-centered design.Economic implications include creating local job opportunities and the potential for long-term cost savings through efficient resource management.However,challenges such as initial implementation costs and the need for stakeholder coordination are identified.The study contributes to sustainable urban planning by bridging the theoretical concepts and practical implementation gap.It offers a model for transforming urban brownfields into sustainable communities,providing valuable insights for urban planners,policymakers,and developers.Future research directions include longitudinal studies of implemented projects and comparative analyses across diverse urban contexts.展开更多
Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are two-(2D)or threedimensional(3D)crystalline,porous networks generated by reversible polymerization of organic building blocks[1,2].The structures and functionalities of COFs are pre...Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are two-(2D)or threedimensional(3D)crystalline,porous networks generated by reversible polymerization of organic building blocks[1,2].The structures and functionalities of COFs are precisely controlled via appropriately selected organic building blocks.This design imparts unique properties to COFs,including exceptional structural stability,tunable pore structure,and surface chemical activity,making them promising for gas separation,catalysis,optoelectronics,and sensing applications.Since Yaghi et al.'s seminal report on COFs in 2005[2],these frameworks have swiftly emerged as a hotspot in the field of materials.Originally,the focus was on fabricating rigid frameworks with static structures and optoelectronic properties.However,the inherently static nature of these frameworks hinders their responsiveness to external stimuli,potentially constraining their functionality in specific applications.Hence,an increasing number of researchers are now directing their attention toward the development of dynamic COFs capable of modifying their structures in response to external stimuli[3].Specifically,dynamic 2D COFs exhibiting enhanced structural responsiveness are of particular interest due to their capability to integrate switchable geometries and porosities with semiconductor building blocks,as well as electron conjugation across COF layers and π-stacked columns,which may enable stimuli-responsive electronic and spin properties[4].展开更多
Against the backdrop of escalating global climate change and energy crises,the resource utilization of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),a major greenhouse gas,has become a crucial pathway for achieving carbon peaking and carbon...Against the backdrop of escalating global climate change and energy crises,the resource utilization of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),a major greenhouse gas,has become a crucial pathway for achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.The hydrogenation of CO_(2)to methanol not only enables carbon sequestration and recycling,but also provides a route to produce high value-added fuels and basic chemical feedstocks,holding significant environmental and economic potential.However,this conversion process is thermodynamically and kinetically limited,and traditional catalyst systems(e.g.,Cu/ZnO/Al_(2)O_(3))exhibit inadequate activity,selectivity,and stability under mild conditions.Therefore,the development of novel high-performance catalysts with precisely tunable structures and functionalities is imperative.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),as crystalline porous materials with high surface area,tunable pore structures,and diverse metal-ligand compositions,have the great potential in CO_(2)hydrogenation catalysis.Their structural design flexibility allows for the construction of well-dispersed active sites,tailored electronic environments,and enhanced metal-support interactions.This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in MOF-based and MOF-derived catalysts for CO_(2)hydrogenation to methanol,focusing on four design strategies:(1)spatial confinement and in situ construction,(2)defect engineering and ion-exchange,(3)bimetallic synergy and hybrid structure design,and(4)MOF-derived nanomaterial synthesis.These approaches significantly improve CO_(2)conversion and methanol selectivity by optimizing metal dispersion,interfacial structures,and reaction pathways.The reaction mechanism is further explored by focusing on the three main reaction pathways:the formate pathway(HCOO*),the RWGS(Reverse Water Gas Shift reaction)+CO*hydrogenation pathway,and the trans-COOH pathway.In situ spectroscopic studies and density functional theory(DFT)calculations elucidate the formation and transformation of key intermediates,as well as the roles of active sites,metal-support interfaces,oxygen vacancies,and promoters.Additionally,representative catalytic performance data for MOFbased systems are compiled and compared,demonstrating their advantages over traditional catalysts in terms of CO_(2)conversion,methanol selectivity,and space-time yield.Future perspectives for MOF-based CO_(2)hydrogenation catalysts will prioritize two main directions:structural design and mechanistic understanding.The precise construction of active sites through multi-metallic synergy,defect engineering,and interfacial electronic modulation should be made to enhance catalyst selectivity and stability.In addition,advanced in situ characterization techniques combined with theoretical modeling are essential to unravel the detailed reaction mechanisms and intermediate behaviors,thereby guiding rational catalyst design.Moreover,to enable industrial application,challenges related to thermal/hydrothermal stability,catalyst recyclability,and cost-effective large-scale synthesis must be addressed.The development of green,scalable preparation methods and the integration of MOF catalysts into practical reaction systems(e.g.,flow reactors)will be crucial for bridging the gap between laboratory research and commercial deployment.Ultimately,multi-scale structure-performance optimization and catalytic system integration will be vital for accelerating the industrialization of MOF-based CO_(2)-to-methanol technologies.展开更多
This study describes an integrated framework in which basic aerospace engineering aspects(performance, aerodynamics, and structure) and practical aspects(configuration visualization and manufacturing) are coupled and ...This study describes an integrated framework in which basic aerospace engineering aspects(performance, aerodynamics, and structure) and practical aspects(configuration visualization and manufacturing) are coupled and considered in one fully automated design optimization of rotor blades. A number of codes are developed to robustly perform estimation of helicopter configuration from sizing, performance analysis, trim analysis, to rotor blades configuration representation. These codes are then integrated with a two-dimensional airfoil analysis tool to fully design rotor blades configuration including rotor planform and airfoil shape for optimal aerodynamics in both hover and forward flights. A modular structure design methodology is developed for realistic composite rotor blades with a sophisticated cross-sectional geometry. A D-spar cross-sectional structure is chosen as a baseline. The framework is able to analyze all realistic inner configurations including thicknesses of D-spar, skin, web, number and ply angles of layers of each composite part,and materials. A number of codes and commercial software(ANSYS, Gridgen, VABS, Pre VABS,etc.) are implemented to automate the structural analysis from aerodynamic data processing to sectional properties and stress analysis. An integrated model for manufacturing cost estimation ofcomposite rotor blades developed at the Aerodynamic Analysis and Design Laboratory(AADL),Aerospace Information Engineering Department, Konkuk University is integrated into the framework to provide a rapid and dynamic feedback to configuration design. The integration of three modules has constructed a framework where the size of a helicopter, aerodynamic performance analysis, structure analysis, and manufacturing cost estimation could be quickly investigated. All aspects of a rotor blade including planform, airfoil shape, and inner structure are considered in a multidisciplinary design optimization without an exception of critical configuration.展开更多
Metal organic frameworks(MOFs)is a research hotspot in the solar fuel production and photo-degradation of pollutants field due to high surface area,rich metal/organic species,large pore volume,and adjustability of str...Metal organic frameworks(MOFs)is a research hotspot in the solar fuel production and photo-degradation of pollutants field due to high surface area,rich metal/organic species,large pore volume,and adjustability of structures and compositions.Therefore,in this review,we first summarized the design factors of photocatalytic materials based on MOF from the perspective of"star"MOF.The modification strategies of MOFs-based photocatalysts were discussed to improve its photocatalytic activity and specific applications were summarized as well,including photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction,photocatalytic water splitting and photo-degradation of pollutants.Finally,the advantages and disadvantages of MOFs-based photocatalysts were discussed,the current challenges were highlighted,and suggestions for future research directions were proposed.展开更多
Two new metal-organic frameworks（MOFs）,[Cu2（H_2O）_2（BCPIA）]（BUT-20）and（Me_2NH_2）[In（BCPIA）]（BUT-21）were designed and synthesized through the solvothermal reaction between a newly created desymmetric 4-co...Two new metal-organic frameworks（MOFs）,[Cu2（H_2O）_2（BCPIA）]（BUT-20）and（Me_2NH_2）[In（BCPIA）]（BUT-21）were designed and synthesized through the solvothermal reaction between a newly created desymmetric 4-connected ligand,5-（2,6-bis（4-carboxyphenyl）pyridin-4-yl）isophthalic acid（H_4BCPIA）and Cu（NO_3）2 2.5H_2O or In（NO_3）_3·5H_2O,respectively,and characterized by single-crystal and powder Xray diffraction,thermogravimetric analysis,infrared spectroscopy,and elemental analysis.The two MOFs have three-dimensional structures,in which both the BCPIA 4 ligand and metal-containing entities,Cu_2（COO）_4（H_2O）_2 and In（COO）_4 act as 4-connected nodes.However,different linkage configurations of the two metal-containing nodes,quadrilateral Cu_2_TD_2（COO）_4（H_2O）_2and tetrahedral In（COO）_4,lead to distinct structural networks of BUT-20 and 21,with Nbo and Unc topologies,respectively.展开更多
This study explores the lasting relevance of Confucian filial piety in Chinese culture that promotes individual self-cultivation, family harmony, and social stability. The Understanding by Design (UbD) framework is pr...This study explores the lasting relevance of Confucian filial piety in Chinese culture that promotes individual self-cultivation, family harmony, and social stability. The Understanding by Design (UbD) framework is proposed as an effective approach for teaching Confucius’ wisdom and the reinforcement of the cognitive, affective and psychomotor learning outcomes. This approach emphasizes “backward design” which prioritizes meaningful understanding over memorization. Integrating filial piety into the UbD framework enhances students’ understanding of its philosophical foundations and modern significance, while also strengthening their intercultural communication skills. The study concludes that UbD approach develops language skills and cultural sensitivity, encouraging insights into the dynamic nature of cultural values. The meaningful outcomes through integrating the approach into filial piety curriculum design can support students’ development of self-awareness, empathy, and ethical maturity, which foster values essential for ethical leadership and community-oriented responsibilities.展开更多
Software systems can be among the most complex constructions in engineering disciplines and can span into years of development. Most software systems though implement in part what has already been built and tend to fo...Software systems can be among the most complex constructions in engineering disciplines and can span into years of development. Most software systems though implement in part what has already been built and tend to follow known or nearly known architectures. Although most software systems are not of the size of say Microsoft Windows 8, complexity of software development can be quick to increase. Thus among these methods that are the most important is the use of architectural and design patterns and software frameworks. Patterns provide known solutions to re-occurring problems that developers are facing. By using well-known patterns reusable components can be built in frameworks.Software frameworks provide developers with powerful tools to develop more flexible and less error-prone applications in a more effective way. Software frameworks often help expedite the development process by providing necessary functionality “out of the box”.?Providing frameworks for reusability and separation of concerns is key to software development today. In this study I take a look at the state of art and the impact of frameworks and patterns in software development.展开更多
In people’s daily life, the role of weatherforecast is self-evident. However, the accuracy offorecasting is based on the accuracy and reliability ofmeteorological data which depends on the sensitivityof meteorologica...In people’s daily life, the role of weatherforecast is self-evident. However, the accuracy offorecasting is based on the accuracy and reliability ofmeteorological data which depends on the sensitivityof meteorological device. Therefore, an importantduty of the detection institution of meteorologicalmetrical device is to have the effective detectionof meteorological device, so as to ensure a highsensitivity of the device. However, the meteorologicaldevice used by some meteorological bureaus is nottechnologically advanced and the device detectionmode is too old, which cannot meet the new regulationsissued by the China Meteorological Administration.So it is necessary for the meteorological bureau todevelop a set of devices that can easily meet the newmeteorological measurement requirements, which is ofgreat significance to ensure the accurate measurementof meteorological data.展开更多
As one of the research direction in the field of artificial intelligence, the computer game has a great practical significance. Checkers become a represent of complete knowledge game that because of it has few chess p...As one of the research direction in the field of artificial intelligence, the computer game has a great practical significance. Checkers become a represent of complete knowledge game that because of it has few chess pieces, and moves easily, So it can reflect the thought of the computer game better. First, the recursive algorithm of artificial intelligence can achieve the independent moves and checkmates in draughts game program. Second, the optimization of evaluation function makes the program choose beneficial move ways. Third, the game tree can improve the level of computer in-depth thinking, simplify the search scope, and save computer thinking time by pruning, which improve the level of chess program. In this paper, overall framework of intelligent checkers is built from board representation, game tree, valuation optimization. Based on the accumulation of experience, algorithm upgrade, depth analysis of existing framework,then we give a more optimized system framework and then strengthen the computer game level.展开更多
Interdisciplinary learning is the core feature of STEM education.Interdisciplinary course and the cultivation of comprehensive practical ability have become one of the hot spots in today’s educational reform.The prac...Interdisciplinary learning is the core feature of STEM education.Interdisciplinary course and the cultivation of comprehensive practical ability have become one of the hot spots in today’s educational reform.The practical approach of STEM education points to the comprehensive application of interdisciplinary knowledge.Based on STEM,this paper adopts the teaching mode based on STEM to design the framework of STEM interdisciplinary project-based teaching activities,which is applied in the course of“Primary School Information Technology Activities and Competition Topics”to lay a foundation for cultivating interdisciplinary excellent primary school general teachers with“integration of specialties and abilities”.展开更多
In this paper, an educational game based on the gravitation curriculum is designed by reviewing the research on the framework of game design. The game mechanism is evaluated by using the "Think Aloud Protocol&quo...In this paper, an educational game based on the gravitation curriculum is designed by reviewing the research on the framework of game design. The game mechanism is evaluated by using the "Think Aloud Protocol", aiming to explore the way of integrating disciplinary knowledge and game mechanism, providing new insights for the field of educational game design.展开更多
New type professional farmers are farmers who possess certain resources and capitals,have certain extent of spirit of entrepreneurship,and are fully capable of obtaining and allocating resources related to agricultura...New type professional farmers are farmers who possess certain resources and capitals,have certain extent of spirit of entrepreneurship,and are fully capable of obtaining and allocating resources related to agricultural production and management,and engaged in agricultural production and management for obtaining average profit.Cultivation of new type professional farmers should be promoted in the process and at the background of"coordinated development of industrialization,informationization,urbanization and agricultural modernization".It should establish a proper cultivation subject system consisting of government,enterprises,rural communities and nonprofit organizations.Relying on multiple motive forces,efforts should be concentrated on cultivating those farmers with enterprising,highly innovative and learning ability,to guide traditional farmers to change into learning,enterprising and innovative ones.In addition,cultivation of new type professional farmers must rely on farmer education and training,modern agricultural development,increase in agricultural comparative advantage,innovation of rural management system and mechanism,multiple types of agricultural operation on a fairly large scale,as well as construction and regulation of new rural communities.Finally,it is recommended to provide system guarantee from long-term input mechanism of new type professional farmer education and training,incentive and restrictive mechanism of new type professional farmer cultivation,and construction of favorable environment for agricultural entrepreneurship.展开更多
A framework was proposed for designing a system of systems(SoS) that takes account of the system' s evolution over time.Given the design space of the SoS analysis,construct a multiepoch scenario design,SoS optimiz...A framework was proposed for designing a system of systems(SoS) that takes account of the system' s evolution over time.Given the design space of the SoS analysis,construct a multiepoch scenario design,SoS optimization,and robust designs.A hybrid model based on multi-agent and system dynamic models was used to analyze the evolution of an SoS and find robust designs.The framework can help decision makers generate a robust SoS structure based on the SoS' s capabilities over multiple epochs.展开更多
Task-basedteachingandlearningis becoming more and more popularin China now,andthe aimof taskis to create a real purpose for language use and provide a natural context for language study· This article introduces w...Task-basedteachingandlearningis becoming more and more popularin China now,andthe aimof taskis to create a real purpose for language use and provide a natural context for language study· This article introduces what a task-based teaching frameworkis and the three phases of pre-task, while-task and post-task,combined withsomethoughts about howwe shouldconvertthosetasksinto actual classroomactivities while using the task-based teaching framework in designing the lessons and howthe teacher and students participate inthe lessons·展开更多
Polymer flooding is a widely used technique in enhanced oil recovery (EOR),but its effectiveness is often hindered by the poor viscosity retention of conventional polymers like hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) under h...Polymer flooding is a widely used technique in enhanced oil recovery (EOR),but its effectiveness is often hindered by the poor viscosity retention of conventional polymers like hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) under high-salinity conditions.Although recent advances in molecular engineering have concentrated on modifying polymer architecture and functional groups to address this issue,the complex interplay among polymer topology,charge distribution and hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance renders rational molecular design challenging.In this work,we present an AI-driven inverse design framework that directly maps target viscosity performance back to optimal molecular structures.Guided by practical molecular design strategies,the topological features (grafting density,side-chain length) and functional group-related features(copolymerization ratio,hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance) are encoded into a multidimensional design space.By integrating dissipative particle dynamics simulations with particle swarm algorithm,the framework efficiently explores the design space and identifies non-intuitive,high-performing polymer structure.The optimized polymer achieves a 12%enhancement in viscosity,attributed to the synergistic effect of electrostatic chain extension and hydrophobic aggregation.This study demonstrates the promise of AI-guided inverse design for developing next-generation EOR polymers and provides a generalizable approach for the discovery of functional soft materials.展开更多
Surface-confined metal-organic frameworks have emerged as versatile structures with a broad spectrum of applications such as nanoelectronics,catalysis,sensing,and molecular storage,owing to their unique structural and...Surface-confined metal-organic frameworks have emerged as versatile structures with a broad spectrum of applications such as nanoelectronics,catalysis,sensing,and molecular storage,owing to their unique structural and electronic properties.However,the exploration and optimization of molecular networks typically involve resource-intensive trial-and-error experiments.The complexity comes from factors like metal nodes,organic ligands,substrates,and the preparation conditions.To address this challenge,highthroughput methodologies have been used in materials exploration.In this work,we explored a highthroughput method for preparing sub-monolayer metals with continuous coverage spread on metal surfaces.By employing a physical mask during metal deposition under ultra-high vacuum conditions,we achieved sample libraries with copper(Cu)and silver(Ag)adatoms on the metal substrates,and constructed surface-supported metal-organic frameworks with varying metal-to-molecule stoichiometric ratios.This approach facilitates the exploration of surface-confined metal-organic frameworks,particularly in terms of varying metal-to-ligand stoichiometric ratios,offering an efficient pathway to unlock the potential of these intricate two-dimensional networks.展开更多
Noteworthy challenges such as severe side reactions,interfacial instability,and dendrite growth have plagued rechargeable alkali metal batteries for a long time.Alleviating the plight necessitates innovative membranes...Noteworthy challenges such as severe side reactions,interfacial instability,and dendrite growth have plagued rechargeable alkali metal batteries for a long time.Alleviating the plight necessitates innovative membranes capable of modulating ion transport and establishing stable interfaces.The exploration of implemented membranes with thermal/mechanical and electrochemical stability is crucial for achieving high-performance and safe alkali metal batteries.Crystalline covalent organic framework(COF)membranes have emerged as promising materials for next-generation energy storage systems due to their tunable porosity and exceptional physicochemical properties.This review specifically examines the critical role of COF membranes in enabling sustainable alkali metal(Li/Na/K)batteries,with a particular focus on design principles,performance advantages,and key challenges of COF membranes.The discussion emphasizes structure-property relationships specifically relevant to rechargeable battery applications,supported by recent decades of research.Impressively,this mini review further identifies three critical research frontiers:reticular chemistry-guided materials design,multifunctional composite architectures,and in-situ characterization techniques.This targeted analysis provides actionable insights for developing COF membranes that address the fundamental limitations of current alkali metal battery technologies.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 62464010)the Spring City Plan-Special Program for Young Talents (K202005007)+3 种基金the Yunnan Talents Support Plan for Young Talents (XDYC-QNRC-2022-0482)Yunnan Local Colleges Applied Basic Research Projects (202101BA070001-138)Key Laboratory of Artificial Microstructures in Yunnan Higher EducationFrontier Research Team of Kunming University 2023
文摘Zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)have significant potential for advancements in energy storage systems owing to their high level of safety and theoretical capacity.However,ZIBs face several challenges,such as cathode capacity degradation and short cycle life.Ordinary metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)are characterized by high specific surface areas,large pore channels,and controllable structures and functions,making them suitable for use in ZIB cathodes with good performance.However,the insulating properties of MOFs hinder their further development.In contrast,electronic conductive MOFs(EC-MOFs)show high electronic conductivity,which facilitates rapid electron transport and ameliorates the charging and discharging efficiency of ZIBs.This paper introduces the unique conduction mechanism of EC-MOFs and elaborates various strategies for constructing EC-MOFs with high conductivity and stability.Additionally,the synthesis methods of EC-MOF-based cathode materials and their properties in ZIBs are elucidated.Finally,this paper presents a summary and outlook on the advancements of EC-MOFs for ZIB cathodes.This review provides guidance for designing and applying EC-MOFs in ZIBs and other energy storage devices.
文摘This study presents a holistic framework for sustainable urban design,using the proposed redevelopment design of Berlin’s Tegel Airport as a case study.The research addresses the need for comprehensive,real-world applications of sustainable urban design principles in the context of climate change and urban challenges.The proposed framework integrates multiple sustainability elements,including adaptive reuse,innovative energy systems,and a’resource community’concept.Key features include mixed-use development,a phased approach,and innovative mobility solutions.The study demonstrates the practical application of urban resilience theory,adaptive reuse concepts,circular economy principles,and compact city theory.Findings reveal the potential for significant environmental benefits,including reduced energy consumption and improved resource efficiency.The framework shows promise in fostering social cohesion through mixed-use spaces and community-centered design.Economic implications include creating local job opportunities and the potential for long-term cost savings through efficient resource management.However,challenges such as initial implementation costs and the need for stakeholder coordination are identified.The study contributes to sustainable urban planning by bridging the theoretical concepts and practical implementation gap.It offers a model for transforming urban brownfields into sustainable communities,providing valuable insights for urban planners,policymakers,and developers.Future research directions include longitudinal studies of implemented projects and comparative analyses across diverse urban contexts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51902121 and 22372067)。
文摘Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are two-(2D)or threedimensional(3D)crystalline,porous networks generated by reversible polymerization of organic building blocks[1,2].The structures and functionalities of COFs are precisely controlled via appropriately selected organic building blocks.This design imparts unique properties to COFs,including exceptional structural stability,tunable pore structure,and surface chemical activity,making them promising for gas separation,catalysis,optoelectronics,and sensing applications.Since Yaghi et al.'s seminal report on COFs in 2005[2],these frameworks have swiftly emerged as a hotspot in the field of materials.Originally,the focus was on fabricating rigid frameworks with static structures and optoelectronic properties.However,the inherently static nature of these frameworks hinders their responsiveness to external stimuli,potentially constraining their functionality in specific applications.Hence,an increasing number of researchers are now directing their attention toward the development of dynamic COFs capable of modifying their structures in response to external stimuli[3].Specifically,dynamic 2D COFs exhibiting enhanced structural responsiveness are of particular interest due to their capability to integrate switchable geometries and porosities with semiconductor building blocks,as well as electron conjugation across COF layers and π-stacked columns,which may enable stimuli-responsive electronic and spin properties[4].
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB4104500,2023YFB4104502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22138013)the Taishan Scholar Project(ts201712020).
文摘Against the backdrop of escalating global climate change and energy crises,the resource utilization of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),a major greenhouse gas,has become a crucial pathway for achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.The hydrogenation of CO_(2)to methanol not only enables carbon sequestration and recycling,but also provides a route to produce high value-added fuels and basic chemical feedstocks,holding significant environmental and economic potential.However,this conversion process is thermodynamically and kinetically limited,and traditional catalyst systems(e.g.,Cu/ZnO/Al_(2)O_(3))exhibit inadequate activity,selectivity,and stability under mild conditions.Therefore,the development of novel high-performance catalysts with precisely tunable structures and functionalities is imperative.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),as crystalline porous materials with high surface area,tunable pore structures,and diverse metal-ligand compositions,have the great potential in CO_(2)hydrogenation catalysis.Their structural design flexibility allows for the construction of well-dispersed active sites,tailored electronic environments,and enhanced metal-support interactions.This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in MOF-based and MOF-derived catalysts for CO_(2)hydrogenation to methanol,focusing on four design strategies:(1)spatial confinement and in situ construction,(2)defect engineering and ion-exchange,(3)bimetallic synergy and hybrid structure design,and(4)MOF-derived nanomaterial synthesis.These approaches significantly improve CO_(2)conversion and methanol selectivity by optimizing metal dispersion,interfacial structures,and reaction pathways.The reaction mechanism is further explored by focusing on the three main reaction pathways:the formate pathway(HCOO*),the RWGS(Reverse Water Gas Shift reaction)+CO*hydrogenation pathway,and the trans-COOH pathway.In situ spectroscopic studies and density functional theory(DFT)calculations elucidate the formation and transformation of key intermediates,as well as the roles of active sites,metal-support interfaces,oxygen vacancies,and promoters.Additionally,representative catalytic performance data for MOFbased systems are compiled and compared,demonstrating their advantages over traditional catalysts in terms of CO_(2)conversion,methanol selectivity,and space-time yield.Future perspectives for MOF-based CO_(2)hydrogenation catalysts will prioritize two main directions:structural design and mechanistic understanding.The precise construction of active sites through multi-metallic synergy,defect engineering,and interfacial electronic modulation should be made to enhance catalyst selectivity and stability.In addition,advanced in situ characterization techniques combined with theoretical modeling are essential to unravel the detailed reaction mechanisms and intermediate behaviors,thereby guiding rational catalyst design.Moreover,to enable industrial application,challenges related to thermal/hydrothermal stability,catalyst recyclability,and cost-effective large-scale synthesis must be addressed.The development of green,scalable preparation methods and the integration of MOF catalysts into practical reaction systems(e.g.,flow reactors)will be crucial for bridging the gap between laboratory research and commercial deployment.Ultimately,multi-scale structure-performance optimization and catalytic system integration will be vital for accelerating the industrialization of MOF-based CO_(2)-to-methanol technologies.
基金supported by the National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) of Vietnam (No. 107.04-2012.25)
文摘This study describes an integrated framework in which basic aerospace engineering aspects(performance, aerodynamics, and structure) and practical aspects(configuration visualization and manufacturing) are coupled and considered in one fully automated design optimization of rotor blades. A number of codes are developed to robustly perform estimation of helicopter configuration from sizing, performance analysis, trim analysis, to rotor blades configuration representation. These codes are then integrated with a two-dimensional airfoil analysis tool to fully design rotor blades configuration including rotor planform and airfoil shape for optimal aerodynamics in both hover and forward flights. A modular structure design methodology is developed for realistic composite rotor blades with a sophisticated cross-sectional geometry. A D-spar cross-sectional structure is chosen as a baseline. The framework is able to analyze all realistic inner configurations including thicknesses of D-spar, skin, web, number and ply angles of layers of each composite part,and materials. A number of codes and commercial software(ANSYS, Gridgen, VABS, Pre VABS,etc.) are implemented to automate the structural analysis from aerodynamic data processing to sectional properties and stress analysis. An integrated model for manufacturing cost estimation ofcomposite rotor blades developed at the Aerodynamic Analysis and Design Laboratory(AADL),Aerospace Information Engineering Department, Konkuk University is integrated into the framework to provide a rapid and dynamic feedback to configuration design. The integration of three modules has constructed a framework where the size of a helicopter, aerodynamic performance analysis, structure analysis, and manufacturing cost estimation could be quickly investigated. All aspects of a rotor blade including planform, airfoil shape, and inner structure are considered in a multidisciplinary design optimization without an exception of critical configuration.
文摘Metal organic frameworks(MOFs)is a research hotspot in the solar fuel production and photo-degradation of pollutants field due to high surface area,rich metal/organic species,large pore volume,and adjustability of structures and compositions.Therefore,in this review,we first summarized the design factors of photocatalytic materials based on MOF from the perspective of"star"MOF.The modification strategies of MOFs-based photocatalysts were discussed to improve its photocatalytic activity and specific applications were summarized as well,including photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction,photocatalytic water splitting and photo-degradation of pollutants.Finally,the advantages and disadvantages of MOFs-based photocatalysts were discussed,the current challenges were highlighted,and suggestions for future research directions were proposed.
基金financially supported by the NSFC (Nos. 21322601, 21271015, 21406006, and U1407119)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (No. NCET-13-0647)
文摘Two new metal-organic frameworks（MOFs）,[Cu2（H_2O）_2（BCPIA）]（BUT-20）and（Me_2NH_2）[In（BCPIA）]（BUT-21）were designed and synthesized through the solvothermal reaction between a newly created desymmetric 4-connected ligand,5-（2,6-bis（4-carboxyphenyl）pyridin-4-yl）isophthalic acid（H_4BCPIA）and Cu（NO_3）2 2.5H_2O or In（NO_3）_3·5H_2O,respectively,and characterized by single-crystal and powder Xray diffraction,thermogravimetric analysis,infrared spectroscopy,and elemental analysis.The two MOFs have three-dimensional structures,in which both the BCPIA 4 ligand and metal-containing entities,Cu_2（COO）_4（H_2O）_2 and In（COO）_4 act as 4-connected nodes.However,different linkage configurations of the two metal-containing nodes,quadrilateral Cu_2_TD_2（COO）_4（H_2O）_2and tetrahedral In（COO）_4,lead to distinct structural networks of BUT-20 and 21,with Nbo and Unc topologies,respectively.
基金funded by Project: 2022 Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Teaching Quality and Reform Project--Research and Practice of English Teaching Integrating Ideological and Political Education into the “Introduction of Chinese Culture” Course based on UbD Theory.
文摘This study explores the lasting relevance of Confucian filial piety in Chinese culture that promotes individual self-cultivation, family harmony, and social stability. The Understanding by Design (UbD) framework is proposed as an effective approach for teaching Confucius’ wisdom and the reinforcement of the cognitive, affective and psychomotor learning outcomes. This approach emphasizes “backward design” which prioritizes meaningful understanding over memorization. Integrating filial piety into the UbD framework enhances students’ understanding of its philosophical foundations and modern significance, while also strengthening their intercultural communication skills. The study concludes that UbD approach develops language skills and cultural sensitivity, encouraging insights into the dynamic nature of cultural values. The meaningful outcomes through integrating the approach into filial piety curriculum design can support students’ development of self-awareness, empathy, and ethical maturity, which foster values essential for ethical leadership and community-oriented responsibilities.
文摘Software systems can be among the most complex constructions in engineering disciplines and can span into years of development. Most software systems though implement in part what has already been built and tend to follow known or nearly known architectures. Although most software systems are not of the size of say Microsoft Windows 8, complexity of software development can be quick to increase. Thus among these methods that are the most important is the use of architectural and design patterns and software frameworks. Patterns provide known solutions to re-occurring problems that developers are facing. By using well-known patterns reusable components can be built in frameworks.Software frameworks provide developers with powerful tools to develop more flexible and less error-prone applications in a more effective way. Software frameworks often help expedite the development process by providing necessary functionality “out of the box”.?Providing frameworks for reusability and separation of concerns is key to software development today. In this study I take a look at the state of art and the impact of frameworks and patterns in software development.
文摘In people’s daily life, the role of weatherforecast is self-evident. However, the accuracy offorecasting is based on the accuracy and reliability ofmeteorological data which depends on the sensitivityof meteorological device. Therefore, an importantduty of the detection institution of meteorologicalmetrical device is to have the effective detectionof meteorological device, so as to ensure a highsensitivity of the device. However, the meteorologicaldevice used by some meteorological bureaus is nottechnologically advanced and the device detectionmode is too old, which cannot meet the new regulationsissued by the China Meteorological Administration.So it is necessary for the meteorological bureau todevelop a set of devices that can easily meet the newmeteorological measurement requirements, which is ofgreat significance to ensure the accurate measurementof meteorological data.
文摘As one of the research direction in the field of artificial intelligence, the computer game has a great practical significance. Checkers become a represent of complete knowledge game that because of it has few chess pieces, and moves easily, So it can reflect the thought of the computer game better. First, the recursive algorithm of artificial intelligence can achieve the independent moves and checkmates in draughts game program. Second, the optimization of evaluation function makes the program choose beneficial move ways. Third, the game tree can improve the level of computer in-depth thinking, simplify the search scope, and save computer thinking time by pruning, which improve the level of chess program. In this paper, overall framework of intelligent checkers is built from board representation, game tree, valuation optimization. Based on the accumulation of experience, algorithm upgrade, depth analysis of existing framework,then we give a more optimized system framework and then strengthen the computer game level.
基金Exploration and Practice of Interdisciplinary Teaching Mode in the Course of Information Technology Activities and Competition in Primary Schools,BUU,JJ2021Z001。
文摘Interdisciplinary learning is the core feature of STEM education.Interdisciplinary course and the cultivation of comprehensive practical ability have become one of the hot spots in today’s educational reform.The practical approach of STEM education points to the comprehensive application of interdisciplinary knowledge.Based on STEM,this paper adopts the teaching mode based on STEM to design the framework of STEM interdisciplinary project-based teaching activities,which is applied in the course of“Primary School Information Technology Activities and Competition Topics”to lay a foundation for cultivating interdisciplinary excellent primary school general teachers with“integration of specialties and abilities”.
文摘In this paper, an educational game based on the gravitation curriculum is designed by reviewing the research on the framework of game design. The game mechanism is evaluated by using the "Think Aloud Protocol", aiming to explore the way of integrating disciplinary knowledge and game mechanism, providing new insights for the field of educational game design.
基金Supported by Key Project of National Social Science Foundation(10AGL007&12ASH004)Key Project of Ministry of Education(DFA100209)+2 种基金Ph.D.Foundation Project of Southwest University(SWU1209338)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in 2013(SWU1309315)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in 2009(SWU0909629)
文摘New type professional farmers are farmers who possess certain resources and capitals,have certain extent of spirit of entrepreneurship,and are fully capable of obtaining and allocating resources related to agricultural production and management,and engaged in agricultural production and management for obtaining average profit.Cultivation of new type professional farmers should be promoted in the process and at the background of"coordinated development of industrialization,informationization,urbanization and agricultural modernization".It should establish a proper cultivation subject system consisting of government,enterprises,rural communities and nonprofit organizations.Relying on multiple motive forces,efforts should be concentrated on cultivating those farmers with enterprising,highly innovative and learning ability,to guide traditional farmers to change into learning,enterprising and innovative ones.In addition,cultivation of new type professional farmers must rely on farmer education and training,modern agricultural development,increase in agricultural comparative advantage,innovation of rural management system and mechanism,multiple types of agricultural operation on a fairly large scale,as well as construction and regulation of new rural communities.Finally,it is recommended to provide system guarantee from long-term input mechanism of new type professional farmer education and training,incentive and restrictive mechanism of new type professional farmer cultivation,and construction of favorable environment for agricultural entrepreneurship.
基金National Natural Science Foundations of China(Nos.71331008,71501182)National Social Science Foundation of China(No.15GJ003-278)
文摘A framework was proposed for designing a system of systems(SoS) that takes account of the system' s evolution over time.Given the design space of the SoS analysis,construct a multiepoch scenario design,SoS optimization,and robust designs.A hybrid model based on multi-agent and system dynamic models was used to analyze the evolution of an SoS and find robust designs.The framework can help decision makers generate a robust SoS structure based on the SoS' s capabilities over multiple epochs.
文摘Task-basedteachingandlearningis becoming more and more popularin China now,andthe aimof taskis to create a real purpose for language use and provide a natural context for language study· This article introduces what a task-based teaching frameworkis and the three phases of pre-task, while-task and post-task,combined withsomethoughts about howwe shouldconvertthosetasksinto actual classroomactivities while using the task-based teaching framework in designing the lessons and howthe teacher and students participate inthe lessons·
基金supported by the Key Technologies R&D Program of China National Offshore Oil Corporation(No.KJGG2021-0504).
文摘Polymer flooding is a widely used technique in enhanced oil recovery (EOR),but its effectiveness is often hindered by the poor viscosity retention of conventional polymers like hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) under high-salinity conditions.Although recent advances in molecular engineering have concentrated on modifying polymer architecture and functional groups to address this issue,the complex interplay among polymer topology,charge distribution and hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance renders rational molecular design challenging.In this work,we present an AI-driven inverse design framework that directly maps target viscosity performance back to optimal molecular structures.Guided by practical molecular design strategies,the topological features (grafting density,side-chain length) and functional group-related features(copolymerization ratio,hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance) are encoded into a multidimensional design space.By integrating dissipative particle dynamics simulations with particle swarm algorithm,the framework efficiently explores the design space and identifies non-intuitive,high-performing polymer structure.The optimized polymer achieves a 12%enhancement in viscosity,attributed to the synergistic effect of electrostatic chain extension and hydrophobic aggregation.This study demonstrates the promise of AI-guided inverse design for developing next-generation EOR polymers and provides a generalizable approach for the discovery of functional soft materials.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22072086,22302120).
文摘Surface-confined metal-organic frameworks have emerged as versatile structures with a broad spectrum of applications such as nanoelectronics,catalysis,sensing,and molecular storage,owing to their unique structural and electronic properties.However,the exploration and optimization of molecular networks typically involve resource-intensive trial-and-error experiments.The complexity comes from factors like metal nodes,organic ligands,substrates,and the preparation conditions.To address this challenge,highthroughput methodologies have been used in materials exploration.In this work,we explored a highthroughput method for preparing sub-monolayer metals with continuous coverage spread on metal surfaces.By employing a physical mask during metal deposition under ultra-high vacuum conditions,we achieved sample libraries with copper(Cu)and silver(Ag)adatoms on the metal substrates,and constructed surface-supported metal-organic frameworks with varying metal-to-molecule stoichiometric ratios.This approach facilitates the exploration of surface-confined metal-organic frameworks,particularly in terms of varying metal-to-ligand stoichiometric ratios,offering an efficient pathway to unlock the potential of these intricate two-dimensional networks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22171136,52202138)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20200472,BK20220079)+3 种基金the Medical Innovation and Development Project of Lanzhou University(lzuyxcx-2022-156)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS,2019-I2M-5-074,2021-I2M-1-026,2021-I2M-3-001)the Frontier Technologies R&D Program of Jiangsu(Grant no.BF2024033)G.Z.acknowledges the support of the Thousand Young Talent Plan.
文摘Noteworthy challenges such as severe side reactions,interfacial instability,and dendrite growth have plagued rechargeable alkali metal batteries for a long time.Alleviating the plight necessitates innovative membranes capable of modulating ion transport and establishing stable interfaces.The exploration of implemented membranes with thermal/mechanical and electrochemical stability is crucial for achieving high-performance and safe alkali metal batteries.Crystalline covalent organic framework(COF)membranes have emerged as promising materials for next-generation energy storage systems due to their tunable porosity and exceptional physicochemical properties.This review specifically examines the critical role of COF membranes in enabling sustainable alkali metal(Li/Na/K)batteries,with a particular focus on design principles,performance advantages,and key challenges of COF membranes.The discussion emphasizes structure-property relationships specifically relevant to rechargeable battery applications,supported by recent decades of research.Impressively,this mini review further identifies three critical research frontiers:reticular chemistry-guided materials design,multifunctional composite architectures,and in-situ characterization techniques.This targeted analysis provides actionable insights for developing COF membranes that address the fundamental limitations of current alkali metal battery technologies.
