In modern society,the globalization of literary works is evident,with exceptional literary pieces from various countries spreading worldwide.Among these,children’s literature,due to the specificity of its target audi...In modern society,the globalization of literary works is evident,with exceptional literary pieces from various countries spreading worldwide.Among these,children’s literature,due to the specificity of its target audience,imposes distinct requirements on children’s books,compelling translators to approach the text from a child’s perspective.“The Little Prince”has renowned both within and outside of China,and a careful reading of this work can provide us with much inspiration.To this end,the present study adopts the perspective of Gideon Toury’s Descriptive Translation Studies to conduct an in-depth analysis of the different English and Chinese translations in conjunction with the original French novel.This approach aims to better guide literary research and explores translation methods for children’s literature through the analysis of translation norms and rules.展开更多
It is well-known that Chinese dish names concentrate on the essence of traditional Chinese culture,reflecting the collective wisdom of Chinese nation.In recent years,good and awkward translation of Chinese dish names ...It is well-known that Chinese dish names concentrate on the essence of traditional Chinese culture,reflecting the collective wisdom of Chinese nation.In recent years,good and awkward translation of Chinese dish names coexist with each other,which has a negative influence on Chinese image.Nowadays many people have begun to center on and study the English translation of Chinese dishes names.Descriptive translation is a clear answer to it.展开更多
The norm of descriptive translation is the transcendence for traditional translation theory norm; it helps translators to build a comprehensive and objective cognation for translation activity, thus makes the translat...The norm of descriptive translation is the transcendence for traditional translation theory norm; it helps translators to build a comprehensive and objective cognation for translation activity, thus makes the translation theories fully used by translators. This essay attempted to explore descriptive translation from its development stages, the norm and the value and defects of Toury＇s theory.展开更多
English grammar is thought as one of the most important parts in both language learning and teaching. While few people know there is more than one kind of English grammar. This essay provides the features and comparis...English grammar is thought as one of the most important parts in both language learning and teaching. While few people know there is more than one kind of English grammar. This essay provides the features and comparison between two commonly used English grammar, namely descriptive grammar and prescriptive grammar, and assist English teachers to explore further in grammar teaching.展开更多
Computer-aided Design （CAD）, video games and other computer graphic related technology evolves substantial processing to geometric elements. A novel geometric computing method is proposed with the integration of des...Computer-aided Design （CAD）, video games and other computer graphic related technology evolves substantial processing to geometric elements. A novel geometric computing method is proposed with the integration of descriptive geometry, math and computer algorithm. Firstly, geometric elements in general position are transformed to a special position in new coordinate system. Then a 3D problem is projected to new coordinate planes. Finally, according to 2D/3D correspondence principle in descriptive geometry, the solution is constructed computerized drawing process with ruler and compasses. In order to make this method a regular operation, a two-level pattern is established. Basic Layer is a set algebraic packaged function including about ten Primary Geometric Functions （PGF） and one projection transformation. In Application Layer, a proper coordinate is established and a sequence of PGFs is sought for to get the final results. Examples illustrate the advantages of our method on dimension reduction, regulatory and visual computing and robustness.展开更多
The studies on descriptive norms in translation studies are of great significance because they spread the domain of norms and begin to consider the impact of the outside community so that they lead the study to a new ...The studies on descriptive norms in translation studies are of great significance because they spread the domain of norms and begin to consider the impact of the outside community so that they lead the study to a new field.Descriptive norms are discussed and studied systemically mainly by three scholars:Toury,Hermans,and Chesterman.The purpose of this article is to review this concept and try to point out some merits and demerits of their theory.展开更多
This paper describes the statistical methods of the comparison of the incidence or mortality rates in cancer registry and descriptive epidemiology, and the features of microcomputer program (CANTEST) which was designe...This paper describes the statistical methods of the comparison of the incidence or mortality rates in cancer registry and descriptive epidemiology, and the features of microcomputer program (CANTEST) which was designed to perform the methods. The program was written in IBM BASIC language. Using the program CANTEST we presented here the user can do several statistical tests or estimations as follow: 1. the comparison of the adjusted rates which were calculated by directly or indirectly standardized methods, 2. the calculation of the slope of regression line for testing the linear trends of the adjusted rates, 3. the estimation of the 95% or 99%conndence intervals of the directly adjusted rates, of the cumulative rates (0-64 and 0-74), and of the cumulative risk. Several examples are presented for testing the performances of the program.展开更多
Background: The number of reported MDR-TB cases has been increasing in recent years. Objectives: To describe the epidemiological profile of MDR-TB cases in Bangladesh. Design: This was a descriptive cross-sectional st...Background: The number of reported MDR-TB cases has been increasing in recent years. Objectives: To describe the epidemiological profile of MDR-TB cases in Bangladesh. Design: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Settings: The study was conducted among the multi drug resistant tuberculosis patient admitted in the National Institute of Diseases of the Chest and Hospital (NIDCH) Dhaka, Bangladesh. Samples: 148 confirmed cases of MDR-TB. Materials and Methods: Hospital admitted MRD-TB cases were randomly chosen from the above mentioned hospital. Semi-structured and pretested questionnaire were introduced by researcher. Clinical and treatment data i.e. duration of TB drug intake, report of sputum, X-ray and blood test etc. were extracted from the hospital record. Results: Study found, majority of the participants (56.1%) were in the age group of 16 - 30 years. 64.2% of the study subjects were married. Majority of the participants education were whether under primary or primary level. 24.3% participant’s family member and 14.5% of neighbor were having TB. Most common comorbidity were diabetes, pulmonary infection, hearing loss, psychiatric symptoms, chest pain, joint pain etc. 63.5% respondent had high degree of AFB for sputum positivity and more than 98% had positive finding in X-ray chest. On an average ESR was low and also few cases of extremely low ESR were found. 71.6% were under twenty four months regimen. Conclusion: We can conclude that, many possible factors for MDR-TB. There is an urgent need for further study to confirm the exact factors in Bangladesh and address those immediately.展开更多
The objective of this study was to investigate how rapid descriptive consumer analysis using simultaneous presentation of samples compared with monadic presentation of samples, using both affective and descriptive sen...The objective of this study was to investigate how rapid descriptive consumer analysis using simultaneous presentation of samples compared with monadic presentation of samples, using both affective and descriptive sensory evaluation methods. Simultaneous presentation of coffee samples for sensory acceptance testing, using ranking analysis, was conducted using na?ve assessors. In a separate session, assessors evaluated the same coffee samples, using monadic presentation and employing the same scales. Similarly, descriptive consumer analysis, using simultaneous and monadic sample presentation, was conducted using descriptive attributes chosen by the panel. For RDA (Ranking descriptive analysis), coffee samples were presented simultaneously (randomised) to assessors and subsequently ranked. The process was then repeated using the same assessors;however, samples were presented in monadic and randomised presentation order. Data accumulated from the study were analysed by Analysis of Variance (APLSR-ANOVA Partial Least Squares Regression). Results obtained indicate that simultaneous presentation of samples was more effective than monadic presentation, as a larger amount of attributes with significant (P < 0.05) intensity differences were observed using RDA. Thus, simultaneous presentation of samples also allows ranking in SAT evaluation and proved a useful tool in establishing the hedonic attributes of products. We propose to call this method Ranking Acceptance Analysis (RAA).展开更多
In this paper, we propose a software component under Windows that generates pseudo random numbers using RDS （Refined Descriptive Sampling） as required by the simulation. RDS is regarded as the best sampling method a...In this paper, we propose a software component under Windows that generates pseudo random numbers using RDS （Refined Descriptive Sampling） as required by the simulation. RDS is regarded as the best sampling method as shown in the literature. In order to validate the proposed component, its implementation is proposed on approximating integrals. The simulation results from RDS using ＂RDSRnd＂ generator were compared to those obtained using the generator ＂Rnd＂ included in the Pascal programming language under Windows. The best results are given by the proposed software component.展开更多
Inferior vena cava thrombosis is an under-recognized entity associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This is the reason why, although the diagnosis is challenging, a high index of suspicion is required. Re...Inferior vena cava thrombosis is an under-recognized entity associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This is the reason why, although the diagnosis is challenging, a high index of suspicion is required. Regarding this condition, we present the case of a 63-year-old man who had repeatedly visited the emergency room suffering from abdominal and back pain and painful lower limb edema. After several tests, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), he was diagnosed to have agenesis of left renal vein and inferior vena cava thrombosis, from hypercoagulable state secondary to Antiphospholipid Syndrome. He had anticoagulation treatment with low-molecular-weight heparin with good subsequent evolution. This study sets out a descriptive retrospective study of fifty cases of inferior vena cava thrombosis diagnosed in a third-level hospital in the north of Spain over a ten-year period (2010-2018). The aim of this article is to identify the epidemiology, predisposing factors and symptoms that characterize this entity, in order to be able to achieve an early diagnosis that allows us to initiate immediate treatment, minimizing acute and chronic complications of this disease.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to examine the nature and content of the rapidly evolving undergraduate Principles of Information/Cybersecurity course which has been attracting an ever-growing attention in the computing ...The purpose of this study is to examine the nature and content of the rapidly evolving undergraduate Principles of Information/Cybersecurity course which has been attracting an ever-growing attention in the computing discipline, for the past decade. More specifically, it is to provide an impetus for the design of standardized principles of Information/Cybersecurity course. To achieve this, a survey of colleges and universities that offer the course was conducted. Several schools of engineering and business, in universities and colleges across several countries were surveyed to generate necessary data. Effort was made to direct the questionnaire only to Computer Information System (CIS), Computer Science (CS), Management Information System (MIS), Information System (IS) and other computer-related departments. The study instrument consisted of two main parts: one part addressed the institutional demographic information, while the other focused on the relevant elements of the course. There are sixty-two (62) questionnaire items covering areas such as demographics, perception of the course, course content and coverage, teaching preferences, method of delivery and course technology deployed, assigned textbooks and associated resources, learner support, course assessments, as well as the licensure-based certifications. Several themes emerged from the data analysis: (a) the principles course is an integral part of most cybersecurity programs;(b) majority of the courses examined, stress both strong technical and hands-on skills;(c) encourage vendor-neutral certifications as a course exit characteristic;and (d) an end-of-course class project, remains a standard requirement for successful course completion. Overall, the study makes it clear that cybersecurity is a multilateral discipline, and refuses to be confined by context and content. It is envisaged that the results of this study would turn out to be instructive for all practical purposes. We expect it to be one of the most definitive descriptive models of such a cardinal course, and help to guide and actually, shape the decisions of universities and academic programs focusing on information/cyber security in the updating and upgrading their curricula, most especially, the foundational principles course in light of new findings that are herein articulated.展开更多
This paper presents a Descriptive Translation Study(DTS)analysis of the Chinese translation of the French musical adaptation of Romeo and Juliet,titled Roméo et Juliette:de la Haineàl’Amour.Romeo and Juliet...This paper presents a Descriptive Translation Study(DTS)analysis of the Chinese translation of the French musical adaptation of Romeo and Juliet,titled Roméo et Juliette:de la Haineàl’Amour.Romeo and Juliet,a timeless play by Shakespeare,has captivated audiences since its premiere in 1597 and has been adapted into various forms,including stage productions,films,musicals,and operas.The focus of this study is to analyze the Chinese translation of the French musical adaptation from a DTS perspective.DTS is an approach that aims to understand the translation process and its reception in the target culture.By examining language choices,cultural references,and adaptation strategies,this study seeks to shed light on how the Chinese translation of the French musical functions within the target culture and influences the reception and interpretation of the source text.This analysis is expected to gain insights into the challenges and strategies employed in translating a musical adaptation of Romeo and Juliet into Chinese.The findings of this study will contribute to the field of translation studies and provide a deeper understanding of the complexities involved in the translation of musical works.展开更多
文摘In modern society,the globalization of literary works is evident,with exceptional literary pieces from various countries spreading worldwide.Among these,children’s literature,due to the specificity of its target audience,imposes distinct requirements on children’s books,compelling translators to approach the text from a child’s perspective.“The Little Prince”has renowned both within and outside of China,and a careful reading of this work can provide us with much inspiration.To this end,the present study adopts the perspective of Gideon Toury’s Descriptive Translation Studies to conduct an in-depth analysis of the different English and Chinese translations in conjunction with the original French novel.This approach aims to better guide literary research and explores translation methods for children’s literature through the analysis of translation norms and rules.
文摘It is well-known that Chinese dish names concentrate on the essence of traditional Chinese culture,reflecting the collective wisdom of Chinese nation.In recent years,good and awkward translation of Chinese dish names coexist with each other,which has a negative influence on Chinese image.Nowadays many people have begun to center on and study the English translation of Chinese dishes names.Descriptive translation is a clear answer to it.
文摘The norm of descriptive translation is the transcendence for traditional translation theory norm; it helps translators to build a comprehensive and objective cognation for translation activity, thus makes the translation theories fully used by translators. This essay attempted to explore descriptive translation from its development stages, the norm and the value and defects of Toury＇s theory.
文摘English grammar is thought as one of the most important parts in both language learning and teaching. While few people know there is more than one kind of English grammar. This essay provides the features and comparison between two commonly used English grammar, namely descriptive grammar and prescriptive grammar, and assist English teachers to explore further in grammar teaching.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China（No.61073986）
文摘Computer-aided Design （CAD）, video games and other computer graphic related technology evolves substantial processing to geometric elements. A novel geometric computing method is proposed with the integration of descriptive geometry, math and computer algorithm. Firstly, geometric elements in general position are transformed to a special position in new coordinate system. Then a 3D problem is projected to new coordinate planes. Finally, according to 2D/3D correspondence principle in descriptive geometry, the solution is constructed computerized drawing process with ruler and compasses. In order to make this method a regular operation, a two-level pattern is established. Basic Layer is a set algebraic packaged function including about ten Primary Geometric Functions （PGF） and one projection transformation. In Application Layer, a proper coordinate is established and a sequence of PGFs is sought for to get the final results. Examples illustrate the advantages of our method on dimension reduction, regulatory and visual computing and robustness.
文摘The studies on descriptive norms in translation studies are of great significance because they spread the domain of norms and begin to consider the impact of the outside community so that they lead the study to a new field.Descriptive norms are discussed and studied systemically mainly by three scholars:Toury,Hermans,and Chesterman.The purpose of this article is to review this concept and try to point out some merits and demerits of their theory.
文摘This paper describes the statistical methods of the comparison of the incidence or mortality rates in cancer registry and descriptive epidemiology, and the features of microcomputer program (CANTEST) which was designed to perform the methods. The program was written in IBM BASIC language. Using the program CANTEST we presented here the user can do several statistical tests or estimations as follow: 1. the comparison of the adjusted rates which were calculated by directly or indirectly standardized methods, 2. the calculation of the slope of regression line for testing the linear trends of the adjusted rates, 3. the estimation of the 95% or 99%conndence intervals of the directly adjusted rates, of the cumulative rates (0-64 and 0-74), and of the cumulative risk. Several examples are presented for testing the performances of the program.
文摘Background: The number of reported MDR-TB cases has been increasing in recent years. Objectives: To describe the epidemiological profile of MDR-TB cases in Bangladesh. Design: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Settings: The study was conducted among the multi drug resistant tuberculosis patient admitted in the National Institute of Diseases of the Chest and Hospital (NIDCH) Dhaka, Bangladesh. Samples: 148 confirmed cases of MDR-TB. Materials and Methods: Hospital admitted MRD-TB cases were randomly chosen from the above mentioned hospital. Semi-structured and pretested questionnaire were introduced by researcher. Clinical and treatment data i.e. duration of TB drug intake, report of sputum, X-ray and blood test etc. were extracted from the hospital record. Results: Study found, majority of the participants (56.1%) were in the age group of 16 - 30 years. 64.2% of the study subjects were married. Majority of the participants education were whether under primary or primary level. 24.3% participant’s family member and 14.5% of neighbor were having TB. Most common comorbidity were diabetes, pulmonary infection, hearing loss, psychiatric symptoms, chest pain, joint pain etc. 63.5% respondent had high degree of AFB for sputum positivity and more than 98% had positive finding in X-ray chest. On an average ESR was low and also few cases of extremely low ESR were found. 71.6% were under twenty four months regimen. Conclusion: We can conclude that, many possible factors for MDR-TB. There is an urgent need for further study to confirm the exact factors in Bangladesh and address those immediately.
文摘The objective of this study was to investigate how rapid descriptive consumer analysis using simultaneous presentation of samples compared with monadic presentation of samples, using both affective and descriptive sensory evaluation methods. Simultaneous presentation of coffee samples for sensory acceptance testing, using ranking analysis, was conducted using na?ve assessors. In a separate session, assessors evaluated the same coffee samples, using monadic presentation and employing the same scales. Similarly, descriptive consumer analysis, using simultaneous and monadic sample presentation, was conducted using descriptive attributes chosen by the panel. For RDA (Ranking descriptive analysis), coffee samples were presented simultaneously (randomised) to assessors and subsequently ranked. The process was then repeated using the same assessors;however, samples were presented in monadic and randomised presentation order. Data accumulated from the study were analysed by Analysis of Variance (APLSR-ANOVA Partial Least Squares Regression). Results obtained indicate that simultaneous presentation of samples was more effective than monadic presentation, as a larger amount of attributes with significant (P < 0.05) intensity differences were observed using RDA. Thus, simultaneous presentation of samples also allows ranking in SAT evaluation and proved a useful tool in establishing the hedonic attributes of products. We propose to call this method Ranking Acceptance Analysis (RAA).
文摘In this paper, we propose a software component under Windows that generates pseudo random numbers using RDS （Refined Descriptive Sampling） as required by the simulation. RDS is regarded as the best sampling method as shown in the literature. In order to validate the proposed component, its implementation is proposed on approximating integrals. The simulation results from RDS using ＂RDSRnd＂ generator were compared to those obtained using the generator ＂Rnd＂ included in the Pascal programming language under Windows. The best results are given by the proposed software component.
文摘Inferior vena cava thrombosis is an under-recognized entity associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This is the reason why, although the diagnosis is challenging, a high index of suspicion is required. Regarding this condition, we present the case of a 63-year-old man who had repeatedly visited the emergency room suffering from abdominal and back pain and painful lower limb edema. After several tests, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), he was diagnosed to have agenesis of left renal vein and inferior vena cava thrombosis, from hypercoagulable state secondary to Antiphospholipid Syndrome. He had anticoagulation treatment with low-molecular-weight heparin with good subsequent evolution. This study sets out a descriptive retrospective study of fifty cases of inferior vena cava thrombosis diagnosed in a third-level hospital in the north of Spain over a ten-year period (2010-2018). The aim of this article is to identify the epidemiology, predisposing factors and symptoms that characterize this entity, in order to be able to achieve an early diagnosis that allows us to initiate immediate treatment, minimizing acute and chronic complications of this disease.
文摘The purpose of this study is to examine the nature and content of the rapidly evolving undergraduate Principles of Information/Cybersecurity course which has been attracting an ever-growing attention in the computing discipline, for the past decade. More specifically, it is to provide an impetus for the design of standardized principles of Information/Cybersecurity course. To achieve this, a survey of colleges and universities that offer the course was conducted. Several schools of engineering and business, in universities and colleges across several countries were surveyed to generate necessary data. Effort was made to direct the questionnaire only to Computer Information System (CIS), Computer Science (CS), Management Information System (MIS), Information System (IS) and other computer-related departments. The study instrument consisted of two main parts: one part addressed the institutional demographic information, while the other focused on the relevant elements of the course. There are sixty-two (62) questionnaire items covering areas such as demographics, perception of the course, course content and coverage, teaching preferences, method of delivery and course technology deployed, assigned textbooks and associated resources, learner support, course assessments, as well as the licensure-based certifications. Several themes emerged from the data analysis: (a) the principles course is an integral part of most cybersecurity programs;(b) majority of the courses examined, stress both strong technical and hands-on skills;(c) encourage vendor-neutral certifications as a course exit characteristic;and (d) an end-of-course class project, remains a standard requirement for successful course completion. Overall, the study makes it clear that cybersecurity is a multilateral discipline, and refuses to be confined by context and content. It is envisaged that the results of this study would turn out to be instructive for all practical purposes. We expect it to be one of the most definitive descriptive models of such a cardinal course, and help to guide and actually, shape the decisions of universities and academic programs focusing on information/cyber security in the updating and upgrading their curricula, most especially, the foundational principles course in light of new findings that are herein articulated.
文摘This paper presents a Descriptive Translation Study(DTS)analysis of the Chinese translation of the French musical adaptation of Romeo and Juliet,titled Roméo et Juliette:de la Haineàl’Amour.Romeo and Juliet,a timeless play by Shakespeare,has captivated audiences since its premiere in 1597 and has been adapted into various forms,including stage productions,films,musicals,and operas.The focus of this study is to analyze the Chinese translation of the French musical adaptation from a DTS perspective.DTS is an approach that aims to understand the translation process and its reception in the target culture.By examining language choices,cultural references,and adaptation strategies,this study seeks to shed light on how the Chinese translation of the French musical functions within the target culture and influences the reception and interpretation of the source text.This analysis is expected to gain insights into the challenges and strategies employed in translating a musical adaptation of Romeo and Juliet into Chinese.The findings of this study will contribute to the field of translation studies and provide a deeper understanding of the complexities involved in the translation of musical works.
