The oyster disease Dermo(Perkinsus marinus)affects the viability of oyster reefs of Galveston Bay,Texas.Documenting the relationships between distribution and prevalence of Dermo disease in the eastern oyster(Crassost...The oyster disease Dermo(Perkinsus marinus)affects the viability of oyster reefs of Galveston Bay,Texas.Documenting the relationships between distribution and prevalence of Dermo disease in the eastern oyster(Crassostrea virginica)and environmental conditions is beneficial to management of the eastern oyster in Galveston Bay.We sampled four sites located in Galveston Bay every other month from November 2014 through September 2015.The focus of the study was the relationship of water quality parameters(i.e.,fresh-water flow,salinity,water temperature,and water turbidity)to prevalence and parasite concentration of Dermo disease in oysters.Dermo was present in oysters at all reefs sampled,and Dermo prevalence was greatest at April Fool and Confederate reefs,but declined after heavy rainfall.Linear regression analysis indicated water variables such as temperature,salinity,turbidity,and fresh water inflow explained different amounts of the variability in the Mackin Dermo Intensity Scale among sampled reefs.We found combinations of low fresh-water inflow,high salinity,and high temperatures accounted for majority of the variance of Dermo in oysters located in Galveston Bay.展开更多
The skin is a formidable physical and biological barrier which communicates continuously with the outside of the body. And the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of human epidermis, plays a central role in the inter...The skin is a formidable physical and biological barrier which communicates continuously with the outside of the body. And the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of human epidermis, plays a central role in the interaction between the cutaneous tissue and the external environment. The horny layer, and more generally the whole skin layers, avoid the penetration of harmful exogenous agents, produce molecules named anti-microbial peptides which impact the composition of the cutaneous microbiota, regulate the internal corporal temperature, avoid the water loss from the inside of the body and constitute an incredible efficient anti-oxidant network. Nevertheless, nowadays, the skin is more and more solicited by the different elements of the cutaneous exposome, including atmospheric pollution and solar radiations, which can cause a dramatic acceleration of the skin ageing process. As a consequence, due to the multifunctional protective role of the skin, during the recent decade the cosmetic industry invested massively in the development of new raw materials and end-products (dermo-cosmetics) able to preserve an optimal state of the skin regarding the external environment. Based on their physical-chemical properties thermal spring waters, which are extremely rich in inorganics ions, are interesting and powerful candidates to be part, as integral component, of new efficient dermo-cosmetic formulations dedicated to protect the skin from the external stimuli. The aim of the present work was to investigate and characterize the activity of Jonzac thermal spring water on the skin. Using different models, we proved for the first time that Jonzac thermal spring water reinforces the barrier function of the skin by modulating the expression of key markers including filaggrin and human beta defensin 2 on ex vivo human skin. The ex vivo and in vivo hydration activity, by Raman spectroscopy and corneometry respectively, has been also demonstrated. We have also shown that Jonzac thermal spring water ameliorates significantly the cutaneous microrelief in vivo. To conclude, we characterize the soothing effect of Jonzac thermal spring water by the analysis of histamine release in Substance P treated skin explants and by measuring the redness of the skin following UV exposure of the skin in vivo. We observed that both parameters decreased following a preventive treatment of the skin with Jonzac thermal spring water. Taken together our results indicate that Jonzac thermal spring water is a promising and powerful dermo-cosmetic which can be used to preserve an optimal state of the cutaneous tissue.展开更多
文摘The oyster disease Dermo(Perkinsus marinus)affects the viability of oyster reefs of Galveston Bay,Texas.Documenting the relationships between distribution and prevalence of Dermo disease in the eastern oyster(Crassostrea virginica)and environmental conditions is beneficial to management of the eastern oyster in Galveston Bay.We sampled four sites located in Galveston Bay every other month from November 2014 through September 2015.The focus of the study was the relationship of water quality parameters(i.e.,fresh-water flow,salinity,water temperature,and water turbidity)to prevalence and parasite concentration of Dermo disease in oysters.Dermo was present in oysters at all reefs sampled,and Dermo prevalence was greatest at April Fool and Confederate reefs,but declined after heavy rainfall.Linear regression analysis indicated water variables such as temperature,salinity,turbidity,and fresh water inflow explained different amounts of the variability in the Mackin Dermo Intensity Scale among sampled reefs.We found combinations of low fresh-water inflow,high salinity,and high temperatures accounted for majority of the variance of Dermo in oysters located in Galveston Bay.
文摘The skin is a formidable physical and biological barrier which communicates continuously with the outside of the body. And the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of human epidermis, plays a central role in the interaction between the cutaneous tissue and the external environment. The horny layer, and more generally the whole skin layers, avoid the penetration of harmful exogenous agents, produce molecules named anti-microbial peptides which impact the composition of the cutaneous microbiota, regulate the internal corporal temperature, avoid the water loss from the inside of the body and constitute an incredible efficient anti-oxidant network. Nevertheless, nowadays, the skin is more and more solicited by the different elements of the cutaneous exposome, including atmospheric pollution and solar radiations, which can cause a dramatic acceleration of the skin ageing process. As a consequence, due to the multifunctional protective role of the skin, during the recent decade the cosmetic industry invested massively in the development of new raw materials and end-products (dermo-cosmetics) able to preserve an optimal state of the skin regarding the external environment. Based on their physical-chemical properties thermal spring waters, which are extremely rich in inorganics ions, are interesting and powerful candidates to be part, as integral component, of new efficient dermo-cosmetic formulations dedicated to protect the skin from the external stimuli. The aim of the present work was to investigate and characterize the activity of Jonzac thermal spring water on the skin. Using different models, we proved for the first time that Jonzac thermal spring water reinforces the barrier function of the skin by modulating the expression of key markers including filaggrin and human beta defensin 2 on ex vivo human skin. The ex vivo and in vivo hydration activity, by Raman spectroscopy and corneometry respectively, has been also demonstrated. We have also shown that Jonzac thermal spring water ameliorates significantly the cutaneous microrelief in vivo. To conclude, we characterize the soothing effect of Jonzac thermal spring water by the analysis of histamine release in Substance P treated skin explants and by measuring the redness of the skin following UV exposure of the skin in vivo. We observed that both parameters decreased following a preventive treatment of the skin with Jonzac thermal spring water. Taken together our results indicate that Jonzac thermal spring water is a promising and powerful dermo-cosmetic which can be used to preserve an optimal state of the cutaneous tissue.
