AIM: To investigate the effects of fluoxetine on depression-induced changes of mast cell morphology and protease-1 (rMCP-1) expression in rats. METHODS: A Sprague-Dawley rat model of chronic stress-induced depression ...AIM: To investigate the effects of fluoxetine on depression-induced changes of mast cell morphology and protease-1 (rMCP-1) expression in rats. METHODS: A Sprague-Dawley rat model of chronic stress-induced depression was established. Fifty experimental rats were randomly divided into the following groups: normal control group, fluoxetine + normal control group, depressed model group, saline + depressed model group, and fluoxetine + depressed model group. Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) immunofluorecence and RT-PCR techniques were used to investigate rMCP-1 expression in gastric antrum. Mast cell morphology was observed under transmission electron microscopy. ANOVA was used for statistical analysis among groups.RESULTS: Morphologic observation indicated that depression induced mast cell proliferation, activation, and granule hyperplasia. Compared with the normal control group, the average immunofluorescence intensity of gastric antrum rMCP-1 significantly increased in depressed model group (37.4 ± 7.7 vs 24.5 ± 5.6, P < 0.01) or saline + depressed model group (39.9 ± 5.0 vs 24.5 ± 5.6, P < 0.01), while there was no significant difference between fluoxetine + normal control group (23.1 ± 3.4) or fluoxetine + depressed model group (26.1 ± 3.6) and normal control group.The average level of rMCP-1mRNA of gastric antrum significantly increased in depressed model group (0.759 ± 0.357 vs 0.476 ± 0.029, P < 0.01) or saline + depressed model group (0.781 ± 0.451 vs 0.476 ± 0.029, P < 0.01 ), while no significant difference was found between fluoxetine + normal control group (0.460 ± 0.027) or fluoxetine + depressed model group (0.488 ± 0.030) and normal control group. Fluoxetine showed partial inhibitive effects on mast cell ultrastructural alterations and de-regulated rMCP-1 expression in gastric antrum of the depressed rat model.CONCLUSION: Chronic stress can induce mast cell proliferation, activation, and granule hyperplasia in gastric antrum. Fluoxetine counteracts such changes in the depressed rat model.展开更多
The Carboniferous prototype sedimentary basin in the Tazhong (Central Tarimbasin) area is recognized as a compressive intracratonic depressional one. Three type Ⅰ sequenceboundaries and three type Ⅱ sequence boundar...The Carboniferous prototype sedimentary basin in the Tazhong (Central Tarimbasin) area is recognized as a compressive intracratonic depressional one. Three type Ⅰ sequenceboundaries and three type Ⅱ sequence boundaries can be identified in the CarboniferousSystem, which can accordingly be divided into five sedimentary sequences. These sequencespossess stratigraphic characters of the standard sequence and correspond to the depositionalstratigraphic unit of a third-order eustatic cycle. They can be regionally or globally correlatedwith each other. The framework of sequence stratigraphy of the intracratonict basin in thestudy area distinctly differs from that of the passive continental-margin basin in the lack ofdepositional systems of early-middle lowstand, poor development of the deeply incised valleyand condensed section of the maximum sea-flood, good development of type Ⅱ sequenceboundaries and coastal plain depositional systems coexisting with shelf-type fan deltas underwet climatic conditions, Which consequently led to the formation of a paralic lithofacies frame-work.展开更多
Depression is a mental disease that involves a variety of complex physiological mechanisms.A wide range of methods have therefore been used to establish mouse models of depression,and there are currently many ways to ...Depression is a mental disease that involves a variety of complex physiological mechanisms.A wide range of methods have therefore been used to establish mouse models of depression,and there are currently many ways to develop such mouse models.The present study aimed to compare the effects of various model induction methods and assesses their different effects.To this end,C57BL/6J mice were divided into three experimental groups:the chronic restraint stress(CRS)group received 6 hours of daily confinement within restraint tubes over a 3-week period;the chronic lipopolysaccharide(C-LPS)administration group received daily intraperitoneal injections of 0.5 mg/kg LPS for 1 week;and the acute LPS(A-LPS)administration group received a singular intraperitoneal injection of 0.83 mg/kg LPS.A corresponding control group was established for each experimental condition.Following mouse model establishment,depression-like behaviors were assessed through the forced swimming and tail suspension tests;anxiety-related behaviors were evaluated using the open field test and elevated plus maze.Furthermore,the expression of the immediate early gene c-Fos,ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1(IBA1),and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)was examined via immunofluorescence.Longer immobility durations during the forced swimming and tail suspension tests were observed across all model groups(p<0.05),indicating depression-like behaviors.Furthermore,the CRS and C-LPS group,but not the A-LPS group,showed significant anxiety-like behaviors in the elevated plus maze(p<0.05).All model groups also exhibited significant increases in both time and distance explored within the central area of the open field test(p<0.05).The activation of GFAP-and IBA1-positive cells in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus was also markedly pronounced in all experimental groups,suggesting the association of neuroinflammatory responses with induced depressive states.The present findings contribute to our understanding of the pathophysiology of stress-induced and neuroinflammatoryassociated depression,and will help researchers to choose suitable depression models for their investigations.展开更多
The objective of this study is to quantify the puerarin in rat plasma following oral administration of TZ18 and compare the pharmacokinetics characteristics of puerarin in normal rats with that in depression model rat...The objective of this study is to quantify the puerarin in rat plasma following oral administration of TZ18 and compare the pharmacokinetics characteristics of puerarin in normal rats with that in depression model rats. A high performance liquid chromatography method was used to quantify the puerarin due to its good selectivity and linearity （coefficient correlation, r^2 = 0.9991） within the tested range （0.028-0.889 μg·mL^-1）- Intra- and inter-day precision coefficients of variation and accuracy bias were acceptable （Maximum coefficient of variation was 5.74% for intra-day and 3.09% for inter-day） over the entire range. The recoveries were found to be 98.3%, 101.4%, and 103.4% for concentrations of 0.028, 0.222, and 0.444 μg · mL^-1, respectively. The concentration-time curves for both normal rats and depression model rats were fit to a twocompartment model with the first order absorption. The results show significant differences in the main pharmacokinetic parameters of peak time, peak concentration, and the area under the concentration-time curve between the two kinds of rats.展开更多
文摘AIM: To investigate the effects of fluoxetine on depression-induced changes of mast cell morphology and protease-1 (rMCP-1) expression in rats. METHODS: A Sprague-Dawley rat model of chronic stress-induced depression was established. Fifty experimental rats were randomly divided into the following groups: normal control group, fluoxetine + normal control group, depressed model group, saline + depressed model group, and fluoxetine + depressed model group. Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) immunofluorecence and RT-PCR techniques were used to investigate rMCP-1 expression in gastric antrum. Mast cell morphology was observed under transmission electron microscopy. ANOVA was used for statistical analysis among groups.RESULTS: Morphologic observation indicated that depression induced mast cell proliferation, activation, and granule hyperplasia. Compared with the normal control group, the average immunofluorescence intensity of gastric antrum rMCP-1 significantly increased in depressed model group (37.4 ± 7.7 vs 24.5 ± 5.6, P < 0.01) or saline + depressed model group (39.9 ± 5.0 vs 24.5 ± 5.6, P < 0.01), while there was no significant difference between fluoxetine + normal control group (23.1 ± 3.4) or fluoxetine + depressed model group (26.1 ± 3.6) and normal control group.The average level of rMCP-1mRNA of gastric antrum significantly increased in depressed model group (0.759 ± 0.357 vs 0.476 ± 0.029, P < 0.01) or saline + depressed model group (0.781 ± 0.451 vs 0.476 ± 0.029, P < 0.01 ), while no significant difference was found between fluoxetine + normal control group (0.460 ± 0.027) or fluoxetine + depressed model group (0.488 ± 0.030) and normal control group. Fluoxetine showed partial inhibitive effects on mast cell ultrastructural alterations and de-regulated rMCP-1 expression in gastric antrum of the depressed rat model.CONCLUSION: Chronic stress can induce mast cell proliferation, activation, and granule hyperplasia in gastric antrum. Fluoxetine counteracts such changes in the depressed rat model.
文摘The Carboniferous prototype sedimentary basin in the Tazhong (Central Tarimbasin) area is recognized as a compressive intracratonic depressional one. Three type Ⅰ sequenceboundaries and three type Ⅱ sequence boundaries can be identified in the CarboniferousSystem, which can accordingly be divided into five sedimentary sequences. These sequencespossess stratigraphic characters of the standard sequence and correspond to the depositionalstratigraphic unit of a third-order eustatic cycle. They can be regionally or globally correlatedwith each other. The framework of sequence stratigraphy of the intracratonict basin in thestudy area distinctly differs from that of the passive continental-margin basin in the lack ofdepositional systems of early-middle lowstand, poor development of the deeply incised valleyand condensed section of the maximum sea-flood, good development of type Ⅱ sequenceboundaries and coastal plain depositional systems coexisting with shelf-type fan deltas underwet climatic conditions, Which consequently led to the formation of a paralic lithofacies frame-work.
基金funded by Beijing Natural Science Foundation,grant No.7242278.
文摘Depression is a mental disease that involves a variety of complex physiological mechanisms.A wide range of methods have therefore been used to establish mouse models of depression,and there are currently many ways to develop such mouse models.The present study aimed to compare the effects of various model induction methods and assesses their different effects.To this end,C57BL/6J mice were divided into three experimental groups:the chronic restraint stress(CRS)group received 6 hours of daily confinement within restraint tubes over a 3-week period;the chronic lipopolysaccharide(C-LPS)administration group received daily intraperitoneal injections of 0.5 mg/kg LPS for 1 week;and the acute LPS(A-LPS)administration group received a singular intraperitoneal injection of 0.83 mg/kg LPS.A corresponding control group was established for each experimental condition.Following mouse model establishment,depression-like behaviors were assessed through the forced swimming and tail suspension tests;anxiety-related behaviors were evaluated using the open field test and elevated plus maze.Furthermore,the expression of the immediate early gene c-Fos,ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1(IBA1),and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)was examined via immunofluorescence.Longer immobility durations during the forced swimming and tail suspension tests were observed across all model groups(p<0.05),indicating depression-like behaviors.Furthermore,the CRS and C-LPS group,but not the A-LPS group,showed significant anxiety-like behaviors in the elevated plus maze(p<0.05).All model groups also exhibited significant increases in both time and distance explored within the central area of the open field test(p<0.05).The activation of GFAP-and IBA1-positive cells in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus was also markedly pronounced in all experimental groups,suggesting the association of neuroinflammatory responses with induced depressive states.The present findings contribute to our understanding of the pathophysiology of stress-induced and neuroinflammatoryassociated depression,and will help researchers to choose suitable depression models for their investigations.
文摘The objective of this study is to quantify the puerarin in rat plasma following oral administration of TZ18 and compare the pharmacokinetics characteristics of puerarin in normal rats with that in depression model rats. A high performance liquid chromatography method was used to quantify the puerarin due to its good selectivity and linearity （coefficient correlation, r^2 = 0.9991） within the tested range （0.028-0.889 μg·mL^-1）- Intra- and inter-day precision coefficients of variation and accuracy bias were acceptable （Maximum coefficient of variation was 5.74% for intra-day and 3.09% for inter-day） over the entire range. The recoveries were found to be 98.3%, 101.4%, and 103.4% for concentrations of 0.028, 0.222, and 0.444 μg · mL^-1, respectively. The concentration-time curves for both normal rats and depression model rats were fit to a twocompartment model with the first order absorption. The results show significant differences in the main pharmacokinetic parameters of peak time, peak concentration, and the area under the concentration-time curve between the two kinds of rats.
