This work focused on the deposition characteristics and wear behavior of Ni-coated graphite mixed with40 vol.% Al（Ni-Gr/Al） composite coatings sprayed on an Al alloy and a steel substrate by cold spraying（CS）. The...This work focused on the deposition characteristics and wear behavior of Ni-coated graphite mixed with40 vol.% Al（Ni-Gr/Al） composite coatings sprayed on an Al alloy and a steel substrate by cold spraying（CS）. The morphology of the flattened Ni-Gr particles was examined by single-impact tests. Crosssectional microstructure and wear performance of the Ni-Gr/Al composite coatings were studied. Results showed that a larger number of Ni-Gr particles were finally bonded with the steel substrate, whereas many craters existed on the Al alloy substrate after the single-impact tests. The coating on the steel substrate had a high thickness, high graphite content and low coeficient of friction（COF） compared to those on the Al alloy substrate. In addition, the CS coatings presented a homogeneous distribution and uniform morphology of graphite, and a comparative COF to that of conventional thermal sprayed coatings. It was shown that CS could avoid the decomposition and transformation of graphite phase.展开更多
Analysis on the deposition behavior of spray on deposition surface was made and an optimization method for the movement parameters （u, ω） of substrate was obtained. Simultaneously, a mathematical model of growth of...Analysis on the deposition behavior of spray on deposition surface was made and an optimization method for the movement parameters （u, ω） of substrate was obtained. Simultaneously, a mathematical model of growth of tubular preform, specifically aimed at the kind of atomizer that is fixed and with a tilt angle was established. By in- tegrating the optimization method and the mathematical model, the growth process and shape of preform were simu- lated. The results show that the tilt angle of atomizer plays an important role on the dimensions and shapes of tubular preforms and it can provide a guidance for the development of spray forming equipment.展开更多
The impacts of natural boulders carried by debris flows pose serious risks to the safety and reliability of structures and buildings.Natural boulders can be highly random and unpredictable.Consequently,boulder control...The impacts of natural boulders carried by debris flows pose serious risks to the safety and reliability of structures and buildings.Natural boulders can be highly random and unpredictable.Consequently,boulder control during debris flows is crucial but difficult.Herein,an eco-friendly control system featuring anchoring natural boulders(NBs)with(negative Poisson's ratio)NPR anchor cables is proposed to form an NB-NPR baffle.A series of flume experiments are conducted to verify the effect of NB-NPR baffles on controlling debris flow impact.The deployment of NB-NPR baffles substantially influences the kinematic behavior of a debris flow,primarily in the form of changes in the depositional properties and impact intensities.The results show that the NB-NPR baffle matrix successfully controls boulder mobility and exhibits positive feedback on solid particle deposition.The NB-NPR baffle group exhibits a reduction in peak impact force ranging from 29%to 79%compared to that of the control group in the basic experiment.The NPR anchor cables play a significant role in the NB-NPR baffle by demonstrating particular characteristics,including consistent resistance,large deformation,and substantial energy absorption.The NB-NPR baffle innovatively utilizes the natural boulders in a debris flow gully by converting destructive boulders into constructive boulders.Overall,this research serves as a basis for future field experiments and applications.展开更多
Lithium(Li)metal is an ideal anode for the next generation high-energy-density batteries.However,it suffers from dendrite growth,side reactions,and infinite relative volume change.Effective strategies are using porous...Lithium(Li)metal is an ideal anode for the next generation high-energy-density batteries.However,it suffers from dendrite growth,side reactions,and infinite relative volume change.Effective strategies are using porous carbons or surface modification carbons to guide Li deposition into their pores.While the Li deposition behavior is still ambiguous.Here,we systematically determine their deposition behavior in various surface-modified carbons and in different electrolytes via optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy study.It is found that Li will not spontaneously deposit into the carbon pores,which is significantly dependent on the carbon surface,current density,areal capacity,and electrolyte.Thus,a“lithiophilic”modified commercial hard carbon with Ag is developed as a stable“host”and efficient surface protection derived from the localized high-concentration electrolyte exhibits a pretty low volume change(5.3%)during cycling at a current density of 2 mA·cm^(−2)and an areal capacity of 2 mAh·cm^(−2).This strategy addresses the volume change and dendrite problems by rationally designed host and electrolyte,providing a broad perspective for realizing Li-metal anode.展开更多
The exceptional electrochemical performance of zinc anodes is frequently impeded by inadequate deposition kinetics and interfacial chemistry.Herein,we introduce the stereoisomerism to inform the balanced selection of ...The exceptional electrochemical performance of zinc anodes is frequently impeded by inadequate deposition kinetics and interfacial chemistry.Herein,we introduce the stereoisomerism to inform the balanced selection of electrolyte additives,taking into account their solvation and adsorption properties,to achieve the optimal deposition behaviors and electrochemical performance.The three-point coplanar adsorption configuration,in comparison to two-point adsorption,effectively mitigates the interference of water molecules and establishes a coplanar templating effect.This approach fosters a uniform distribution of charges,encourages the preferential orientation growth of(002)planes for uniform zinc deposition.Moreover,an appropriate level of solvation ability can modulate the solvation structure without substantially increasing the de-solvation energy barrier,thereby facilitating faster deposition kinetics than what is observed in cases of strong solvation.As a result,Zn//Zn cell can achieve an excellent performance of more than 3470 h at 2 mA cm^(-2)and 1 mAh cm^(-2),and Zn//AC full cell can work for 50000 cycles at 3 A g^(-1).Additionally,under practical conditions(N/P=4.37),the assembled Zn//I2 full cell demonstrates stable lifespan for 710 cycles at 1 A g^(-1).This work showcases the interplay between adsorption configuration of stereoisomeric additives on the cycling.展开更多
ZrC coatings were deposited on graphite substrates by low pressure chemical vapor deposition（LPCVD） with the Br2-Zr-C3H6-H2-Ar system. The effects of deposition time on the microstructures and growth behavior of ZrC...ZrC coatings were deposited on graphite substrates by low pressure chemical vapor deposition（LPCVD） with the Br2-Zr-C3H6-H2-Ar system. The effects of deposition time on the microstructures and growth behavior of ZrC coatings were investigated. ZrC coating grew in an island-layer mode. The formation of coating was dominated by the nucleation of ZrC in the initial 20 minutes, and the rapid nucleation generated a fine-grained structure of ZrC coating. When the deposition time was over 30 min, the growth of coating was dominated by that of crystals, giving a column-arranged structure. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed that the molar ratio of carbon to zirconium was near 1：1 in ZrC coating, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that ZrC was the main phase in coatings, accompanied by about 2.5mol% ZrO2 minor phase.展开更多
In this study,commercial copper(Cu)foil and Cu foam are used as the working electrodes to systematically investigate the electrochemical deposition and dissolution processes of metallic lithium(Li)on these electrodes;...In this study,commercial copper(Cu)foil and Cu foam are used as the working electrodes to systematically investigate the electrochemical deposition and dissolution processes of metallic lithium(Li)on these electrodes;Li metal deposited on the Cu foil electrode is porous and loose.The surface solid electrolyte interface(SEI)film after dissolution from Li dendrites maintains a dendritic porous structure,resulting in a large volume effect of the electrode during the cycle.The Cu foam electrode provides preferential nucleation and deposition sites near the side surface of the separator;the difference in Li affinity results in a heterogeneous deposition and dendrite growth of metallic Li.展开更多
Lithium(Li)metal batteries(LMBs)are widely regarded as the ultimate choice for the next generation of high-energy–density batteries.However,the uncontrollable growth of Li dendrites formed by inhomogeneous deposition...Lithium(Li)metal batteries(LMBs)are widely regarded as the ultimate choice for the next generation of high-energy–density batteries.However,the uncontrollable growth of Li dendrites formed by inhomogeneous deposition seriously hinders its commercialization.Although many studies have achieved significant results in inhibiting the formation of Li dendrites,it is still impossible to eradicate them completely.Therefore,regulating the deposition behavior,such as the growth direction of unevenly deposited Li,is preferable to unilaterally suppressing them in some cases.Here we report a structured anode that can confine the deposited Li within holes and tune it to become vertical-up/horizontal-centripetal mixed growth mode by optimizing the electric field/Li^(+)concentration gradient.The Li^(+) adsorbed by the poly(amic acid)(PAA)insulating layer coated on the anode surface can form the Li^(+)concentration gradient pointing to the center of the hole.Combined with the special electric field formed by the hole structure,it is favorable for the Li^(+)to move into the vertically arrayed holes and simultaneously deposit on the bottom and walls.Furthermore,both in-situ and ex-situ observations confirm that the growth mode is changed and the Li deposition morphology is denser,which can greatly delay capacity fading and prolong cycle life in both liquid and quasi-solid-state LMBs.All the results show that the novel anode provides a new perspective for deep research into solid-state LMBs.展开更多
Anode free lithium metal batteries(AF-LMBs)have conspicuous advantages both in energy density and the compatibility of battery manufacturing process.However,the limited cycle life of AF-LMBs is a crucial factor hinder...Anode free lithium metal batteries(AF-LMBs)have conspicuous advantages both in energy density and the compatibility of battery manufacturing process.However,the limited cycle life of AF-LMBs is a crucial factor hindering its practical application.Fluorinated or nitride artificial inorganic solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)has been found as an effective method to prolong the lifespan of AF-LMBs.Herein,by investigating the impact of nano-sized inorganic gradient layers(LiF or Li3N)on initial Li deposition behavior,we notice that the Li^(+) diffusion barrier and the deposition morphology are highly depended on the thickness of inorganic layers.Thicker protective layers cause larger overpotential as well as more aggregated Li^(+) distribution.This study reveals that the ideal SEI should be synthesized thin and uniformly enough and uncontrollable artificial SEI can cause damage to the lifespan of AF-LMBs.展开更多
The rational design of a 3D scaffold with optimized electrical conductivity,sodiophilicity,and sufficient internal space is crucial for suppressing the growth of Na dendrites and accommodating the large volume changes...The rational design of a 3D scaffold with optimized electrical conductivity,sodiophilicity,and sufficient internal space is crucial for suppressing the growth of Na dendrites and accommodating the large volume changes of Na metal anodes during the plating/stripping process.Nevertheless,the uniform conductivity and sodiophilicity of conventional scaffolds often lead to Na metal deposition on the top of the scaffold,thereby hindering the complete functional capabilities of the scaffold.To tackle this challenge,we developed a novel imprinted dual-gradient 3D network skeleton that boasts gradients in both sodiophilicity and conductivity.Both theoretical and experimental analyses indicate that Na metal prefers to nucleate and deposit dendrite-free from the bottom of the 3D skeleton due to its superior conductivity and sodiophilicity.This dual-gradient design enables the electrode to achieve low nucleation overpotential of 11 mV and sustain stable operation for 1900 h at 1.5 m A cm^(-2) /1.5 mAh cm^(-2) and1000 h at 20 mA cm^(-2) /20 mAh cm^(-2) ,far superior to the gradientless electrode.When paired with Na_(3)V_(2) (PO_(4))_(3) cathode,the full cell retains a capacity of 67.6 mAh g^(-1) after 1000 stable cycles with a capacity retention rate of 82.4%at a rate of 10 C.This advanced skeleton structure design is poised to advance the development of high-energy-density alkali metal batteries.展开更多
Aqueous Zn metal batteries(AZMBs)show significant potential for flexible energy storage devices.However,the Zn anodes face persistent challenges in practical applications(including dendrite growth,corrosion,and hydrog...Aqueous Zn metal batteries(AZMBs)show significant potential for flexible energy storage devices.However,the Zn anodes face persistent challenges in practical applications(including dendrite growth,corrosion,and hydrogen evolution),which compromise cycling stabilities and Coulombic efficiencies,thereby hindering commercialization of AZMBs.Herein,a self-supporting framework is synthesized by electrostatic spinning and controllable pyrolysis using gelatin and ammonium metavanadate as precursors.The framework consists of N-doped carbon fibers integrated with amorphous VOx(denoted as VOx@GC),which serves to modify the Zn anode.It is revealed that the VOx@GC host contains abundant metal and non-metal zincophilic sites,which not only facilitates Zn^(2+)desolvation and decreases diffusion resistance,but also provides plentiful nucleation sites.Consequently,the nucleation barrier of Zn^(2+)is substantially reduced,promoting dendrite-free Zn^(2+)deposition.In symmetric cells,the VOx@GC modified Zn anode(VOx@GC@Zn)realizes a long cycling life of 4000 and 1600 h with low polarization potentials under low and high capacities conditions,respectively.The VOx@GC@Zn//NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10)full cell provides a high capacity of 219.6 mAh·g^(-1)over 2000 cycles at 2 A·g^(-1)(N/P=4.2).Furthermore,the pouch cell maintains good performance over 300 cycles at 0.2 A·g^(-1),with a capacity retention of 88.3%,highlighting strong potential for practical applications.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51574196)the 111 Project(No.B08040)+1 种基金the support from programs of China Scholarship Council(No.201404490058)Marie-Curie(No.268696)
文摘This work focused on the deposition characteristics and wear behavior of Ni-coated graphite mixed with40 vol.% Al（Ni-Gr/Al） composite coatings sprayed on an Al alloy and a steel substrate by cold spraying（CS）. The morphology of the flattened Ni-Gr particles was examined by single-impact tests. Crosssectional microstructure and wear performance of the Ni-Gr/Al composite coatings were studied. Results showed that a larger number of Ni-Gr particles were finally bonded with the steel substrate, whereas many craters existed on the Al alloy substrate after the single-impact tests. The coating on the steel substrate had a high thickness, high graphite content and low coeficient of friction（COF） compared to those on the Al alloy substrate. In addition, the CS coatings presented a homogeneous distribution and uniform morphology of graphite, and a comparative COF to that of conventional thermal sprayed coatings. It was shown that CS could avoid the decomposition and transformation of graphite phase.
基金Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (50474082)
文摘Analysis on the deposition behavior of spray on deposition surface was made and an optimization method for the movement parameters （u, ω） of substrate was obtained. Simultaneously, a mathematical model of growth of tubular preform, specifically aimed at the kind of atomizer that is fixed and with a tilt angle was established. By in- tegrating the optimization method and the mathematical model, the growth process and shape of preform were simu- lated. The results show that the tilt angle of atomizer plays an important role on the dimensions and shapes of tubular preforms and it can provide a guidance for the development of spray forming equipment.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41941018).
文摘The impacts of natural boulders carried by debris flows pose serious risks to the safety and reliability of structures and buildings.Natural boulders can be highly random and unpredictable.Consequently,boulder control during debris flows is crucial but difficult.Herein,an eco-friendly control system featuring anchoring natural boulders(NBs)with(negative Poisson's ratio)NPR anchor cables is proposed to form an NB-NPR baffle.A series of flume experiments are conducted to verify the effect of NB-NPR baffles on controlling debris flow impact.The deployment of NB-NPR baffles substantially influences the kinematic behavior of a debris flow,primarily in the form of changes in the depositional properties and impact intensities.The results show that the NB-NPR baffle matrix successfully controls boulder mobility and exhibits positive feedback on solid particle deposition.The NB-NPR baffle group exhibits a reduction in peak impact force ranging from 29%to 79%compared to that of the control group in the basic experiment.The NPR anchor cables play a significant role in the NB-NPR baffle by demonstrating particular characteristics,including consistent resistance,large deformation,and substantial energy absorption.The NB-NPR baffle innovatively utilizes the natural boulders in a debris flow gully by converting destructive boulders into constructive boulders.Overall,this research serves as a basis for future field experiments and applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52072061)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.ZYGX2019Z008)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(No.2019M661941).
文摘Lithium(Li)metal is an ideal anode for the next generation high-energy-density batteries.However,it suffers from dendrite growth,side reactions,and infinite relative volume change.Effective strategies are using porous carbons or surface modification carbons to guide Li deposition into their pores.While the Li deposition behavior is still ambiguous.Here,we systematically determine their deposition behavior in various surface-modified carbons and in different electrolytes via optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy study.It is found that Li will not spontaneously deposit into the carbon pores,which is significantly dependent on the carbon surface,current density,areal capacity,and electrolyte.Thus,a“lithiophilic”modified commercial hard carbon with Ag is developed as a stable“host”and efficient surface protection derived from the localized high-concentration electrolyte exhibits a pretty low volume change(5.3%)during cycling at a current density of 2 mA·cm^(−2)and an areal capacity of 2 mAh·cm^(−2).This strategy addresses the volume change and dendrite problems by rationally designed host and electrolyte,providing a broad perspective for realizing Li-metal anode.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2023JJ20064)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52377222).
文摘The exceptional electrochemical performance of zinc anodes is frequently impeded by inadequate deposition kinetics and interfacial chemistry.Herein,we introduce the stereoisomerism to inform the balanced selection of electrolyte additives,taking into account their solvation and adsorption properties,to achieve the optimal deposition behaviors and electrochemical performance.The three-point coplanar adsorption configuration,in comparison to two-point adsorption,effectively mitigates the interference of water molecules and establishes a coplanar templating effect.This approach fosters a uniform distribution of charges,encourages the preferential orientation growth of(002)planes for uniform zinc deposition.Moreover,an appropriate level of solvation ability can modulate the solvation structure without substantially increasing the de-solvation energy barrier,thereby facilitating faster deposition kinetics than what is observed in cases of strong solvation.As a result,Zn//Zn cell can achieve an excellent performance of more than 3470 h at 2 mA cm^(-2)and 1 mAh cm^(-2),and Zn//AC full cell can work for 50000 cycles at 3 A g^(-1).Additionally,under practical conditions(N/P=4.37),the assembled Zn//I2 full cell demonstrates stable lifespan for 710 cycles at 1 A g^(-1).This work showcases the interplay between adsorption configuration of stereoisomeric additives on the cycling.
基金Founded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.91216302)the National Program on Key Basic Research Project of the People's Republic of China(No.2015CB655200)
文摘ZrC coatings were deposited on graphite substrates by low pressure chemical vapor deposition（LPCVD） with the Br2-Zr-C3H6-H2-Ar system. The effects of deposition time on the microstructures and growth behavior of ZrC coatings were investigated. ZrC coating grew in an island-layer mode. The formation of coating was dominated by the nucleation of ZrC in the initial 20 minutes, and the rapid nucleation generated a fine-grained structure of ZrC coating. When the deposition time was over 30 min, the growth of coating was dominated by that of crystals, giving a column-arranged structure. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed that the molar ratio of carbon to zirconium was near 1：1 in ZrC coating, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that ZrC was the main phase in coatings, accompanied by about 2.5mol% ZrO2 minor phase.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51874361)the National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Fund(51904343)for supporting this work.
文摘In this study,commercial copper(Cu)foil and Cu foam are used as the working electrodes to systematically investigate the electrochemical deposition and dissolution processes of metallic lithium(Li)on these electrodes;Li metal deposited on the Cu foil electrode is porous and loose.The surface solid electrolyte interface(SEI)film after dissolution from Li dendrites maintains a dendritic porous structure,resulting in a large volume effect of the electrode during the cycle.The Cu foam electrode provides preferential nucleation and deposition sites near the side surface of the separator;the difference in Li affinity results in a heterogeneous deposition and dendrite growth of metallic Li.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2020YFA0710500)the basic scientific research business expenses Program of Xi’an Jiaotong University(Grant No.xzy022022053)the Independent Research Project of the State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment(Grant No.EIPE23303)for financial support。
文摘Lithium(Li)metal batteries(LMBs)are widely regarded as the ultimate choice for the next generation of high-energy–density batteries.However,the uncontrollable growth of Li dendrites formed by inhomogeneous deposition seriously hinders its commercialization.Although many studies have achieved significant results in inhibiting the formation of Li dendrites,it is still impossible to eradicate them completely.Therefore,regulating the deposition behavior,such as the growth direction of unevenly deposited Li,is preferable to unilaterally suppressing them in some cases.Here we report a structured anode that can confine the deposited Li within holes and tune it to become vertical-up/horizontal-centripetal mixed growth mode by optimizing the electric field/Li^(+)concentration gradient.The Li^(+) adsorbed by the poly(amic acid)(PAA)insulating layer coated on the anode surface can form the Li^(+)concentration gradient pointing to the center of the hole.Combined with the special electric field formed by the hole structure,it is favorable for the Li^(+)to move into the vertically arrayed holes and simultaneously deposit on the bottom and walls.Furthermore,both in-situ and ex-situ observations confirm that the growth mode is changed and the Li deposition morphology is denser,which can greatly delay capacity fading and prolong cycle life in both liquid and quasi-solid-state LMBs.All the results show that the novel anode provides a new perspective for deep research into solid-state LMBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China(No.22379014)Shanxi key research and development program(No.202102060301011)。
文摘Anode free lithium metal batteries(AF-LMBs)have conspicuous advantages both in energy density and the compatibility of battery manufacturing process.However,the limited cycle life of AF-LMBs is a crucial factor hindering its practical application.Fluorinated or nitride artificial inorganic solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)has been found as an effective method to prolong the lifespan of AF-LMBs.Herein,by investigating the impact of nano-sized inorganic gradient layers(LiF or Li3N)on initial Li deposition behavior,we notice that the Li^(+) diffusion barrier and the deposition morphology are highly depended on the thickness of inorganic layers.Thicker protective layers cause larger overpotential as well as more aggregated Li^(+) distribution.This study reveals that the ideal SEI should be synthesized thin and uniformly enough and uncontrollable artificial SEI can cause damage to the lifespan of AF-LMBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22209140,52202286)the Qingchuang Technology Support Program of the University in Shandong Province(2024KJH080)+6 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022QE059,ZR2024MB153)the Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai(Yantai)(AMGM2023A08)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LQ23B030011,LY24B030006)the Scientific Research Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Education Department(Y202148249)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Wenzhou Municipality(ZG2024055,ZG2022032)the Wenzhou Association for Science and Technology Innovation Program(NLTS2024-013)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province-Youth Promotion Project(2024A1515030173)。
文摘The rational design of a 3D scaffold with optimized electrical conductivity,sodiophilicity,and sufficient internal space is crucial for suppressing the growth of Na dendrites and accommodating the large volume changes of Na metal anodes during the plating/stripping process.Nevertheless,the uniform conductivity and sodiophilicity of conventional scaffolds often lead to Na metal deposition on the top of the scaffold,thereby hindering the complete functional capabilities of the scaffold.To tackle this challenge,we developed a novel imprinted dual-gradient 3D network skeleton that boasts gradients in both sodiophilicity and conductivity.Both theoretical and experimental analyses indicate that Na metal prefers to nucleate and deposit dendrite-free from the bottom of the 3D skeleton due to its superior conductivity and sodiophilicity.This dual-gradient design enables the electrode to achieve low nucleation overpotential of 11 mV and sustain stable operation for 1900 h at 1.5 m A cm^(-2) /1.5 mAh cm^(-2) and1000 h at 20 mA cm^(-2) /20 mAh cm^(-2) ,far superior to the gradientless electrode.When paired with Na_(3)V_(2) (PO_(4))_(3) cathode,the full cell retains a capacity of 67.6 mAh g^(-1) after 1000 stable cycles with a capacity retention rate of 82.4%at a rate of 10 C.This advanced skeleton structure design is poised to advance the development of high-energy-density alkali metal batteries.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFE0110400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52130206,22178016,U24A20526,and 52221006)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.JD2513 and JD2520)the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Cooperative Research Special Project(No.B2024202081)the High-performance computing platform of BUCT.
文摘Aqueous Zn metal batteries(AZMBs)show significant potential for flexible energy storage devices.However,the Zn anodes face persistent challenges in practical applications(including dendrite growth,corrosion,and hydrogen evolution),which compromise cycling stabilities and Coulombic efficiencies,thereby hindering commercialization of AZMBs.Herein,a self-supporting framework is synthesized by electrostatic spinning and controllable pyrolysis using gelatin and ammonium metavanadate as precursors.The framework consists of N-doped carbon fibers integrated with amorphous VOx(denoted as VOx@GC),which serves to modify the Zn anode.It is revealed that the VOx@GC host contains abundant metal and non-metal zincophilic sites,which not only facilitates Zn^(2+)desolvation and decreases diffusion resistance,but also provides plentiful nucleation sites.Consequently,the nucleation barrier of Zn^(2+)is substantially reduced,promoting dendrite-free Zn^(2+)deposition.In symmetric cells,the VOx@GC modified Zn anode(VOx@GC@Zn)realizes a long cycling life of 4000 and 1600 h with low polarization potentials under low and high capacities conditions,respectively.The VOx@GC@Zn//NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10)full cell provides a high capacity of 219.6 mAh·g^(-1)over 2000 cycles at 2 A·g^(-1)(N/P=4.2).Furthermore,the pouch cell maintains good performance over 300 cycles at 0.2 A·g^(-1),with a capacity retention of 88.3%,highlighting strong potential for practical applications.
