The fatigue crack growth rate of a novel Ti-6Al-4V-1Mo titanium alloy,which is developed for laser directed energy deposition technique,was investigated before and after cyclic heat treatment(CHT).Changes in microstru...The fatigue crack growth rate of a novel Ti-6Al-4V-1Mo titanium alloy,which is developed for laser directed energy deposition technique,was investigated before and after cyclic heat treatment(CHT).Changes in microstructure,fracture surfaces,and crack growth paths were analyzed before and after CHT.Results indicate that in the stable crack growth region,the growth rates for the as-deposited and cyclic heat-treated specimens follow the relationships da/dN=1.8651×10^(−8)(ΔK)^(3.2271)and da/dN=1.4112×10^(−8)(ΔK)^(3.1125),respectively.Compared with that at the as-deposited state,the microstructure after CHT is transformed from a uniform basket-weave microstructure to a dual-phase microstructure consisting of near-sphericalαandβ-transformed matrix phases.The cyclic process also disrupts the continuity of the grain boundaryα(αGB)at the primaryβ-phase grain boundary.The coarsening of primaryαand the disruption ofαGB continuity are the primary factors to release stress concentration and promote crack deflection,thereby decreasing the fatigue crack growth rate.Additionally,the increased occurrence of crack branching,secondary cracking,and crack bridging in cyclic heat-treated specimens further reduces the crack driving force and slows the fatigue crack growth rate.展开更多
The direct reduction process can reduce carbon emissions by over 50%compared to traditional blast furnace ironmaking.Carbon deposition and carburization are critical for ensuring process stability and economic viabili...The direct reduction process can reduce carbon emissions by over 50%compared to traditional blast furnace ironmaking.Carbon deposition and carburization are critical for ensuring process stability and economic viability.Thermodynamic phase diagrams were developed to intuitively represent carbon deposition and carburization preferences in CH4-CO-H_(2) ternary atmospheres.High carbon potential and low oxygen potential significantly enhance carbon deposition and carburization.Increasing temperature from 500 to 1000℃ shifts the dominant reactions from CO-based to CH_(4)-based,increasing maximum carbon deposition from 0.55 to 0.80 mol and carburization from 0.25 to 0.80 mol per mole of reducing gas.Increasing pressure suppresses CH4-based reactions while promoting CO-based reactions,reducing maximum carbon deposition from 0.8 to~0.7 mol and increasing maximum carburization from 0.80 to 0.85 mol per mole of reducing gas.Equilibrium phase diagrams for various carbides were also developed,revealing preferences for Fe_(3)C_(2),Fe_(7)C_(3),Fe_(5)C_(2),and Fe_(3)C as the Fe/C ratio increases.Higher temperatures and CH_(4) concentrations favor the formation of carbides with higher carbon content.Carburization preferences under typical Energiron ZR and Midrex atmospheres were highlighted,and the higher carbon content in direct reduction iron produced by the Energiron ZR process was thermodynamically confirmed.展开更多
As the carrier of charge storage,the electrode determines the efficiency of the energy conversion reaction between the battery and the substance.However,with the continuous development of scientific research,electrode...As the carrier of charge storage,the electrode determines the efficiency of the energy conversion reaction between the battery and the substance.However,with the continuous development of scientific research,electrode preparation is still facing complex technical problems,and it is difficult to achieve a balance in performance,cost,and technology.Based on the ion dissolution and deposition behavior of Mn^(2+)/MnO_(2) and Al^(3+)/Al,a novel cathode-free aqueous ion dissolution/deposition battery is designed,which can contribute 15 mAh at 16 cm^(2) in a voltage window of 0.5-1.8 V.The charge storage and the attenuation mechanism are systematically investigated.The battery model with compensable electrolyte was constructed,and the cycle characteristics of the cathode-free aqueous ion dissolution/deposition battery were optimized,which could achieve 1000 h continuous operation.This system provides a low-cost and high-safety solution for future high-energy density and large-scale energy storage.Future research will focus on optimizing electrolytes,controlling deposition morphology,and improving interface stability to further promote the commercialization of cathode-free batteries.展开更多
The effective density(ρ_(eff))is a key parameter of black carbon-containing(BCc)particles and is related to their morphologies,deposition processes,and optical properties.In this study,a tandem system was established...The effective density(ρ_(eff))is a key parameter of black carbon-containing(BCc)particles and is related to their morphologies,deposition processes,and optical properties.In this study,a tandem system was established and used to determine theρ_(eff)of ambient BCc particles.The results showed that theρ_(eff)distribution of ambient BCc particles exhibited a bimodal pattern with a left peak located at 0.69 g cm^(-3)and a right peak at 1.45 g cm^(-3).The averageρ_(eff)of BCc particles over the entire observation period was 1.38 g cm^(-3).Theρ_(eff)of BCc particles showed a clear diurnal pattern with a relatively stable distribution at night and large variations during the daytime.Theρ_(eff)value was demonstrated to be a good indicator of BCc particle morphology.BCc particles became more regular with increasingρ_(eff)related to the increasing coating thickness.More coating led to morphological restructuring of BCc particles.The restructuring could be more efficient under high relative humidity conditions.The observed data were further used in a dry deposition scheme,and it was found that the dry deposition velocity of fresh emitted BCc could be largely influenced by its irregular shape.This study reveals the presence of a significant amount of low-density/irregularly shaped black carbon in the environment with rapid morphological changes occurring during the daytime and highlights the need to consider morphological influences in future research on the physicochemical properties of BCc.展开更多
Glacier landslide cascading hazards pose threats to communities and infrastructure,affected by complex processes including the amplification of mass flow volume through erosion and entrainment,transformation of hazard...Glacier landslide cascading hazards pose threats to communities and infrastructure,affected by complex processes including the amplification of mass flow volume through erosion and entrainment,transformation of hazard types,ice-water phase change,and enhanced mobility of the mass flow.Scientifically simulating these physical phenomena proves challenging.This study introduces GMFA(glacier mass flow analysis),an integrated numerical model that advances the field by:(1)proposing depth-averaged fluctuation energy and internal energy equations,(2)incorporating the ice-water phase change and the entrainment-deposition process,and(3)capturing their effects on mass flow runout characteristics.The model employs the finite volume method to solve the multi-physics coupled governing equations,enabling efficient large-scale simulations.The model is verified through three numerical tests covering flow dynamics,temperature evolution,and thermo-hydro-mechanical runout processes.The model is applied to analyze a hazard chain that occurred on 10 September 2020 on the Tibetan Plateau.The multi-scenario simulation results indicate an entrained mass volume of(4.95±0.11)×10^(5)m^(3),and a ratio of entrained mass volume to source material volume of 0.44.The solid concentration decreases from 0.6-0.7 to 0.1-0.15 with increasing runout distance,indicating a transition from avalanche to debris flood.The internal energy rises by(3-4)×10^(3)kJ/m^(3),driving rapid ice melting from 0.1 to 0.2 to near-zero concentration.The model effectively quantifies volume amplification,ice-water phase changes,and multi-hazard transformations.This model pushes the geoscience frontier,extending computational capability from single-to multi-hazard simulations and providing a powerful tool for analyzing glacier cascading hazards.展开更多
To investigate the dispersion and deposition behavior of the nanoparticles(NPs)in the molten steel under the combined effects of turbulent flow and Brownian motion,a 3D model utilizing volume of fluid-discrete phase m...To investigate the dispersion and deposition behavior of the nanoparticles(NPs)in the molten steel under the combined effects of turbulent flow and Brownian motion,a 3D model utilizing volume of fluid-discrete phase model was developed based on a small-size ingot casting process.A modified Brownian motion model was implemented into the simulation using user-defined function to more accurately predict the motion behavior and distribution of the NPs in the molten steel.The results show that the NPs tend to deposit at the bottom or disperse toward the wall under the turbulent flow.The introduction of Brownian motion increases the horizontal dispersion rate(DH)to 21.3%and reduces the bottom deposition rate by 12.8%.A reduction in the particle size and density promotes higher particle mobility,characterized by increased velocity and DH,along with diminished deposition.As the particle size decreases to 1×10^(-7)m,Brownian motion becomes a significant factor influencing the particle dynamics.Additionally,increasing the initial velocity of the molten steel results in a lower DH of the particles.However,once the velocity exceeds 0.15 m s^(-1),its influence on the particle velocity becomes negligible.展开更多
The gut microbiota has emerged as a pivotal regulator of host lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis.A growing body of evidence reveals that variations in the composition and metabolic activity of intestinal microbes...The gut microbiota has emerged as a pivotal regulator of host lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis.A growing body of evidence reveals that variations in the composition and metabolic activity of intestinal microbes are closely associated with differences in adipose tissue deposition across species.Notably,increased abundance of Firmicutes and a reduced proportion of Bacteroidetes and butyrate-producing bacteria have been linked to enhanced fat accumulation.Key microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)influence lipid metabolism through multiple pathways,including the activation of GPR41/43 receptors,modulation of the bile acid–FXR/TGR5 axis,and regulation of hepatic lipogenesis.Additionally,the gut–brain axis plays a critical role in controlling feeding behavior via neuroendocrine signaling.This review summarizes current advances in understanding the roles of dominant bacterial phyla and beneficial genera—including Clostridium butyricum and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii—in fat metabolism.We further explore the mechanisms by which gut microbiota modulate lipid synthesis and catabolism through SCFA production,bile acid signaling,and AMPK/PPAR-related pathways.These insights highlight the potential of microbiota-targeted strategies to restore lipid metabolic balance,offering novel opportunities for applications in health management,nutritional interventions,and microbial therapeutics.展开更多
Inconel 625 alloy components were fabricated using hot wire laser metal deposition(HW-LMD)through process optimization,achieving a wire deposition rate of 1.72 kg/h.The microstructure and mechanical properties of the ...Inconel 625 alloy components were fabricated using hot wire laser metal deposition(HW-LMD)through process optimization,achieving a wire deposition rate of 1.72 kg/h.The microstructure and mechanical properties of the HW-LMD Inconel 625 alloys were systematically investigated.The results revealed that the microstructure of the HWLMD Inconel 625 alloys consisted of columnar dendrites,characterized by an average grain size of 12.5μm and a strong{100}〈001〉texture.The main phase identified wasγ-Ni,with the precipitation of Laves phase,measuring less than 1μm,observed in the inter-columnar dendritic regions.The average microhardness of the HW-LMD Inconel 625 alloys was HV1.0258.The yield strength and ultimate tensile strength were 493.5 and 837.4 MPa,respectively,with elongation exceeding 50%.Impact absorbing energies at 25 and-78℃were 223.08 and 200.24 J,respectively.Both the tensile and impact fracture surfaces exhibited dimples,indicating a ductile fracture mechanism during the deformation process.展开更多
Intramuscular fat(IMF)content serves as the key determinants of meat quality.Emerging evidence indicates that gut microbiota and their metabolites significantly influence IMF deposition levels by modulating host lipid...Intramuscular fat(IMF)content serves as the key determinants of meat quality.Emerging evidence indicates that gut microbiota and their metabolites significantly influence IMF deposition levels by modulating host lipid metabolism through multiple pathways,positioning microbial regulation as a pivotal target for meat quality improvement.However,existing studies remain fragmented,predominantly focusing on isolated mechanisms or correlations without a systematic view of the regulatory network.This review consolidates the core mechanisms through which microbiota-derived metabolites including short-chain fatty acids,bile acids,branched-chain amino acids,trimethylamine N-oxide,tryptophan derivatives,succinate,polyamines etc.,regulate IMF deposition and proposes a targeted intervention framework,the“gut microbiota/metabolites-IMF axis”.By integrating these insights,we provide a theoretical foundation and define practical research pathways to assess the potential of microbial-based strategies for improving meat quality in swine production.展开更多
5xxx Al alloys are widely used in additive manufacturing(AM)components across various industries due to their advantageous properties,including low density,high strength,and excellent corrosion resistance.However,conv...5xxx Al alloys are widely used in additive manufacturing(AM)components across various industries due to their advantageous properties,including low density,high strength,and excellent corrosion resistance.However,conventional melt-based AM methods often introduce defects such as pores,cracks and elemental evaporation.In the present study,a novel screw extrusion-plasticizing friction stir deposition(SEFSD)process,which enables the extrusion plasticization of 5183 particulate feedstocks via a three-stage tapered screw tool,was utilized to fabricate a 20-layer 5183 deposition wall through continuous linear reciprocating deposition in the solid state.The deposition wall exhibited a refined equiaxed microstructure.Due to the low stacking fault energy(SFE)of Al-Mg alloy,the influence of thermal cycles on microstructural evolution was minimal.Overall,the deposition wall demonstrated excellent mechanical properties,though strength and ductility in the deposition direction were reduced due to interlayer defects,which could be mitigated by incorporating stir pins or enhancing interlayer adhesive friction to intensify the material flow.This study confirms the applicability and significant potential of SEFSD for additive manufacturing 5xxx Al alloy components.展开更多
The rapid proliferation of microelectronics,coupled with the advent of the internet ofthings(IoT)era,has created an urgent demand for miniaturized,integrable,and reliable on-chip energystorage systems.All-solid-state ...The rapid proliferation of microelectronics,coupled with the advent of the internet ofthings(IoT)era,has created an urgent demand for miniaturized,integrable,and reliable on-chip energystorage systems.All-solid-state thin-film microbatteries(TFMBs),distinguished by their intrinsicsafety,compact design,and compatibility with microfabrication techniques,have emerged as promisingcandidates to power next-generation IoT devices.Nevertheless,in contrast to the well-establisheddevelopment of conventional lithium-ion batteries,the advancement of TFMBs remains at an earlystage,facing persistent challenges in materials innovation,interface optimization,and scalable manufacturing.This review critically examines the pivotal role of vapor deposition technologies,includingmagnetron sputtering,pulsed laser deposition,thermal/electron-beam evaporation,chemical vapordeposition,and atomic layer deposition,in the fabrication and performance modulation of TFMBs.We systematically summarize recent progress in thin-film electrodes and solid-state electrolytes,withparticular emphasis on how deposition parameters dictate crystallinity,lattice orientation,and ionictransport in functional layers.Furthermore,we highlight strategies for solid-solid interface engineering,three-dimensional structural design,andmultifunctional integration to enhance capacity retention,cycling stability,and interfacial compatibility.Looking ahead,TFMBs are expectedto evolve toward multifunctional platforms,exhibiting mechanical flexibility,optical transparency,and hybrid energy-harvesting compatibility,thereby meeting the heterogeneous energy requirements of future IoT ecosystems.Overall,this review provides a comprehensive perspective onvapor-phase-enabled TFMB technologies,delivering both theoretical insights and technological guidelines for the scalable realization of highperformancemicroscale power sources.展开更多
Background Excessive abdominal fat in broilers not only reduces feed efficiency and increases processing costs but also raises environmental concerns.This pathological overaccumulation results from complex metabolic d...Background Excessive abdominal fat in broilers not only reduces feed efficiency and increases processing costs but also raises environmental concerns.This pathological overaccumulation results from complex metabolic dysregulation across multiple organs.While current research largely centers on adipogenesis within adipose tissue,a comprehensive understanding of the cross-organ regulatory factors influencing this process remains elusive.Results Here,we employed a high-fat diet(HFD)model and multi-omics approaches to investigate cross-organ regulatory mechanisms underlying abdominal fat deposition in broilers.Our results demonstrated that HFD not only promoted fat accumulation but also altered meat quality traits.Through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing,we identified significant gut microbiota dysbiosis in HFD-fed chickens,manifested by an increased abundance of Lactobacillus and a decreased abundance of Enterococcus.However,jejunal microbiota transplantation from HFD donors did not induce abdominal fat deposition in recipient chickens.Metabolomic profiling revealed that HFD elevated the level of succinic acid,a metabolite positively correlated with Lactobacillus abundance and potentially generated by Lactobacillus.This increase in succinic acid(SA)further triggered metabolic inflammation response in both jejunal tissue and serum.In vivo validation established succinic acid as a key inflammatory mediator facilitating HFD-induced cross-organ communication between the jejunum and abdominal adipose tissue,enhancing intestinal lipid uptake and subsequent abdominal fat deposition.Bulk and single-nucleus RNA sequencing(snRNA-seq)revealed that HFD induced macrophage population expansion and intensified adipocyte-macrophage crosstalk.Adipocyte-macrophage co-culture systems further elucidated that macrophages are an indispensable factor in succinic acid-induced fat deposition.Conclusion This study delineates a succinic acid-driven"gut-fat axis"governing abdominal fat deposition in broilers,integrating gut microbiota dysbiosis and macrophage-mediated inflammatory adipogenesis.By identifying succinic acid as a cross-organ signaling molecule that enhances lipid absorption and activates macrophage-dependent adipogenesis,we establish systemic metabolic-immune crosstalk as a pivotal regulatory mechanism.These findings redefine fat deposition as a process extending beyond adipose-centric models,advancing multi-omics-guided strategies for sustainable poultry production.展开更多
BaFe_(12)O_(19)(BaM)thin films with thicknesses ranging from 15 nm–200 nm were deposited on Al_(2)O_(3)(0001)substrates by pulsed laser deposition(PLD).X-ray diffraction patterns show that a buffer layer with a thick...BaFe_(12)O_(19)(BaM)thin films with thicknesses ranging from 15 nm–200 nm were deposited on Al_(2)O_(3)(0001)substrates by pulsed laser deposition(PLD).X-ray diffraction patterns show that a buffer layer with a thickness of nearly 60 nm forms on the substrate,and then a c-axis perpendicularly oriented Ba M thin film grows on the buffer layer.Atomic force microscopy results indicate that the Ba M thin film exhibits a spiral island growth mode on the buffer layer.Magnetic hysteresis loop results confirm that the buffer layer exhibits no significant magnetic anisotropy,while the Ba M thin film exhibits perpendicular magnetic anisotropy.The out-of-plane coercivity decreases with increasing Ba M thin-film thickness due to the combined effect of grain size growth and lattice strain relaxation.The 200 nm thick film exhibits optimum magnetic properties with M_(s)=319 emu/cm^(3) and H_(c)=1546 Oe.展开更多
Pulse tube cryocoolers are widely employed in cryogenic systems,where gas contamination has become a critical factor limiting both performance and service life.To further investigate the condensation behavior of conta...Pulse tube cryocoolers are widely employed in cryogenic systems,where gas contamination has become a critical factor limiting both performance and service life.To further investigate the condensation behavior of contaminants,this study develops a two-dimensional axisymmetric model of a linear-type cryocooler to simulate the transport and deposition processes of trace CO_(2),evaluating the impact of contamination on system pressure drop under various operating conditions.Results indicate that CO_(2)diffusion is primarily driven by concentration gradients.The CO_(2)deposition rate increases markedly at low temperatures and high concentrations,with over 90%of deposition occurring in the cold-end heat exchanger.Under different concentration distributions,dry ice predominantly accumulates in the cold-end heat exchanger;however,notable differences emerge in the pulse tube.In the uniform distribution case,CO_(2)tends to deposit along the inner wall of the pulse tube,whereas in the gradual release scenario,deposition mainly occurs on the cold-end flow straightening mesh screen.Dry ice deposition significantly increases the pressure drop across the system and decreases the pressure wave amplitude,resulting in a degradation of cooling capacity.This study lays a foundation for further investigation into the thermal properties of contaminant layers and provides theoretical guidance for optimizing cold-end components to improve contamination resilience.展开更多
The random distribution of one-dimensional nanofillers in composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs) typically results in tortuous ion transport pathways,severely limiting ionic conductivity and Li^(+) flux uniformity.Herei...The random distribution of one-dimensional nanofillers in composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs) typically results in tortuous ion transport pathways,severely limiting ionic conductivity and Li^(+) flux uniformity.Herein,an innovative electric field-assisted strategy is proposed to construct vertically aligned ion channels in CPEs using lithiated halloysite nano tubes(HNTs-SO_(3)Li)embedded within a polyurethane acrylate/polyethylene glycol diacrylate(PUA/PEGDA) matrix.Under an alternating electric field,the nanotubes orient perpendicularly,forming continuous,low-tortuosity pathways that significantly enhance roomtemperature ionic conductivity.The aligned structure not only shortens Li+transport distances but also homogenizes ion flux at the electrode interface,effectively suppressing lithium dendrite growth.Electrochemical characterization reveals exceptional stability.Three-dimensional structural reconstruction and ion transport simulations further demonstrate that the ordered channels promote uniform Li+distribution and faster ion kinetics compared to disordered systems.This study provides a scalable and efficient approach to designing high-performance CPEs for next-generation solid-state batteries,addressing critical challenges in ionic conductivity,interfacial stability,and dendrite suppression.展开更多
The ultrasonic energy field(UEF)-induced grain refinement mechanisms in laser powder direct energy deposition-manufactured Ti5321G alloys were systematically investigated in this study.This study focused on the interp...The ultrasonic energy field(UEF)-induced grain refinement mechanisms in laser powder direct energy deposition-manufactured Ti5321G alloys were systematically investigated in this study.This study focused on the interplay between recrystallization in the high-temperature solid deposition layers and the ultrasonic cavitation-acoustic streaming effects during molten pool solidification.A novel experimental design was developed to decouple these mechanisms by creating four distinct UEF action zones(without UEF-N,withUEF-S,with UEF-L,and with UEF-S+L)within a single-pass multilayer sample.This approach enabled the dual effects of UEF(recrystallization in solidified layers and ultrasonic cavitation-acoustic streaming effects in liquid pools)to be directly compared.The UEF significantly refined the microstructures,reducing the average grain size by 64.2%(from(399.6±28.6)to(143.1±16.1)μm)in the with UEF-S+L zone,while promoting columnar-to-equiaxed transition,with the equiaxed grain probability increasing from 11.1%(without UEF) to 53.8%.The texture intensity was reduced by approximately 52.4%and the mechanical properties were enhanced,achieving a 6.2% increase in yield strength((702.0±10.6)MPa)and 31.7%improvement in elongation.Crucially,this study revealed the synergistic effect of the dual-action mechanisms of UEF,where recrystallization and cavitation-acoustic streaming collectively enabled non-linear grain refinement.This study provides a strategy for microstructural control in additive manufacturing,eliminating the need for complex post-processing and thereby advancing the industrial application of high-performance titanium components.展开更多
TiB_(2)coatings can significantly enhance the high-temperature oxidation resistance of molybdenum,which would broaden the application range of molybdenum and alloys thereof.However,traditional methods for preparing Ti...TiB_(2)coatings can significantly enhance the high-temperature oxidation resistance of molybdenum,which would broaden the application range of molybdenum and alloys thereof.However,traditional methods for preparing TiB_(2)coatings have disadvantages such as high equipment costs,complicated processes,and highly toxic gas emissions.This paper proposes an environmentally friendly method,which requires inexpensive equipment and simple processing,for preparing TiB_(2)coating on molybdenum via electrophoretic deposition within Na3AlF6-based molten salts.The produced TiB_(2)layer had an approximate thickness of 60μm and exhibited high density,outstanding hardness(38.2 GPa)and robust adhesion strength(51 N).Additionally,high-temperature oxidation experiments revealed that,at900℃,the TiB_(2)coating provided effective protection to the molybdenum substrate against oxidation for 3 h.This result indicates that the TiB_(2)coating prepared on molybdenum using molten salt electrophoretic deposition possesses good high-temperature oxidation resistance.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs) have advantages including low economic cost and high safety.Nevertheless,the serious hydrogen evolution reactions(HER) and rampant growth of Zn dendrite hinder their further developme...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs) have advantages including low economic cost and high safety.Nevertheless,the serious hydrogen evolution reactions(HER) and rampant growth of Zn dendrite hinder their further development.Herein,potassium acetate(KAc) additive with cation/anion synergy effect is added into the ZnSO_(4) electrolyte to effectively promote the oriented uniform Zn deposition and suppress side reactions.According to density functional theory calculation and experimental results,CH_(3)COO^(-)(Ac^(-))anions are capable of forming stronger hydrogen bonds with H_(2)O molecules,leading to an expanded electrochemical stability window,reduced the reactivity of H_(2)O,and hence suppressing HER.Meanwhile,Ac-anions can also preferentially adsorb onto the Zn anode,promoting dense deposition towards the(100) crystal plane.Besides,dissociated K^(+) ions serve as electrostatic shielding cations,which significantly promote uniform Zn deposition and prevent dendrite formation.Thus,the Zn||Zn symmetric cell demonstrates an impressive cycle lifespan of 3000 h at 1.0 m A/cm^(2).Furthermore,the Zn||MnO_(2) full battery exhibits superior stability with a capacity retention of 86.95 % at 2.0 A/g after 4000 cycles.Therefore,the cation/anion synergy effect in KAc additive offers a viable solution to address HER and hinder dendrite growth at the interface of Zn anodes.展开更多
Large-scale hydrogen production via water electrolysis faces a freshwater shortage.Direct seawater electrolysis offers a solution but encounters new challenges.Herein,we report a feasible strategy to both prevent meta...Large-scale hydrogen production via water electrolysis faces a freshwater shortage.Direct seawater electrolysis offers a solution but encounters new challenges.Herein,we report a feasible strategy to both prevent metal hydroxides deposition and boost the hydrogen evolution reaction by adding a chelating agent,EDTA-Na_(4),that chelates with Mg^(2+)/Ca^(2+),thus inhibiting their deposition and gathering them near the cathode surface,resulting in breaking the ordered hydrogen bond networks of interfacial water and reducing the activation energy of water dissociation.Furthermore,hydrolysis of–COO^(-) also promoted water dissociation to produce more active*H and*OH near the electrode surface that in turn serves as a diffusion medium for*OH,accelerating mass transfer and enabling seawater electrolysis to exhibit a stable performance,which operates continuously at 100 mA cm^(-2)@2.20 V and 200 mA cm^(-2)@2.58 V for 400 h in the symmetric electrolyzer and 500 mA cm^(-2)@2.29 V for over 500 h in the asymmetric electrolyzer.This study provides a new perspective to address the issues of stable and scalable direct seawater electrolysis for practical green hydrogen production.展开更多
Atomic layer deposition(ALD)is extensively used to fabricate doped dielectrics due to its ability to deposit conformal films with atomic-scale thickness control.Al-doped TiO_(2)(ATO)is a promising high-k dielectric fo...Atomic layer deposition(ALD)is extensively used to fabricate doped dielectrics due to its ability to deposit conformal films with atomic-scale thickness control.Al-doped TiO_(2)(ATO)is a promising high-k dielectric for dynamic random access memory(DRAM)applications,offering a high dielectric constant with a remarkable leakage-lowering effect by Al acceptor doping.However,ATO fabrication via conventional supercycle-based ALD suffers from severe crystallinity loss during the growth of TiO_(2) upon Al doping owing to the dopant-induced lattice disorder.In addition,Al doping cannot reduce any inherent O vacancies(V_(O))of TiO_(2),although the original purpose of doping was to address the n-type nature caused by V_(O).To resolve these limitations,we propose a single-step,in-situ Ar/O_(2) post-doping plasma(PDP)process immediately after the Al dopant incorporation.Using the PDP process,simultaneous atomic-scale dopant migration-mediated crystallization and V_(O) annihilation were successfully initiated.Thus,the surface concentration of the dopant decreased,reducing the dopant-induced lattice distortion,while promoting the highly crystallized seed layer-like surface.Consequently,strong rutile-phase recovery was accompanied by enhanced lattice-matched growth.In addition,the PDP process significantly lowers the V_(O)-to-lattice oxygen ratio by facilitating the recombination between reactive O species and V_(O),increasing the corresponding 0.4 e V of conduction band offset(CBO).Despite the common trade-off between the dielectric constant and leakage,the Pt/PDP-ATO/Ru capacitor exhibited a simultaneous 30%increase in dielectric constant and up to a 1.6-order reduction in leakage current density.展开更多
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFB4610803)。
文摘The fatigue crack growth rate of a novel Ti-6Al-4V-1Mo titanium alloy,which is developed for laser directed energy deposition technique,was investigated before and after cyclic heat treatment(CHT).Changes in microstructure,fracture surfaces,and crack growth paths were analyzed before and after CHT.Results indicate that in the stable crack growth region,the growth rates for the as-deposited and cyclic heat-treated specimens follow the relationships da/dN=1.8651×10^(−8)(ΔK)^(3.2271)and da/dN=1.4112×10^(−8)(ΔK)^(3.1125),respectively.Compared with that at the as-deposited state,the microstructure after CHT is transformed from a uniform basket-weave microstructure to a dual-phase microstructure consisting of near-sphericalαandβ-transformed matrix phases.The cyclic process also disrupts the continuity of the grain boundaryα(αGB)at the primaryβ-phase grain boundary.The coarsening of primaryαand the disruption ofαGB continuity are the primary factors to release stress concentration and promote crack deflection,thereby decreasing the fatigue crack growth rate.Additionally,the increased occurrence of crack branching,secondary cracking,and crack bridging in cyclic heat-treated specimens further reduces the crack driving force and slows the fatigue crack growth rate.
基金the financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2024YFC2910800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52404336)+6 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M750176)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20240109)the Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST(YESS20210090)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(J210017)the Project of SKLAM(No.KF24-14)China Baowu Low Carbon Metallurgical Technology Innovation Fund under Grant No.20210901Anhui Major Industrial Innovation Program under Contract No.AHZDCYCX-LSDT2023-01.
文摘The direct reduction process can reduce carbon emissions by over 50%compared to traditional blast furnace ironmaking.Carbon deposition and carburization are critical for ensuring process stability and economic viability.Thermodynamic phase diagrams were developed to intuitively represent carbon deposition and carburization preferences in CH4-CO-H_(2) ternary atmospheres.High carbon potential and low oxygen potential significantly enhance carbon deposition and carburization.Increasing temperature from 500 to 1000℃ shifts the dominant reactions from CO-based to CH_(4)-based,increasing maximum carbon deposition from 0.55 to 0.80 mol and carburization from 0.25 to 0.80 mol per mole of reducing gas.Increasing pressure suppresses CH4-based reactions while promoting CO-based reactions,reducing maximum carbon deposition from 0.8 to~0.7 mol and increasing maximum carburization from 0.80 to 0.85 mol per mole of reducing gas.Equilibrium phase diagrams for various carbides were also developed,revealing preferences for Fe_(3)C_(2),Fe_(7)C_(3),Fe_(5)C_(2),and Fe_(3)C as the Fe/C ratio increases.Higher temperatures and CH_(4) concentrations favor the formation of carbides with higher carbon content.Carburization preferences under typical Energiron ZR and Midrex atmospheres were highlighted,and the higher carbon content in direct reduction iron produced by the Energiron ZR process was thermodynamically confirmed.
基金support provided by the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(YDZJ202401316ZYTS)the Innovation Laboratory Development Program of the Education Department of Jilin Province and the Industry and Information Technology Department of Jilin Province,China(The Joint Laboratory of MXene Materials)the MXene Research Support Plan of Jilin 11 Technology Co.,Ltd.,China,and Future(Jilin)Material Technology Co.,Ltd.
文摘As the carrier of charge storage,the electrode determines the efficiency of the energy conversion reaction between the battery and the substance.However,with the continuous development of scientific research,electrode preparation is still facing complex technical problems,and it is difficult to achieve a balance in performance,cost,and technology.Based on the ion dissolution and deposition behavior of Mn^(2+)/MnO_(2) and Al^(3+)/Al,a novel cathode-free aqueous ion dissolution/deposition battery is designed,which can contribute 15 mAh at 16 cm^(2) in a voltage window of 0.5-1.8 V.The charge storage and the attenuation mechanism are systematically investigated.The battery model with compensable electrolyte was constructed,and the cycle characteristics of the cathode-free aqueous ion dissolution/deposition battery were optimized,which could achieve 1000 h continuous operation.This system provides a low-cost and high-safety solution for future high-energy density and large-scale energy storage.Future research will focus on optimizing electrolytes,controlling deposition morphology,and improving interface stability to further promote the commercialization of cathode-free batteries.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3701000,Task 4)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42207126 and 41877314)。
文摘The effective density(ρ_(eff))is a key parameter of black carbon-containing(BCc)particles and is related to their morphologies,deposition processes,and optical properties.In this study,a tandem system was established and used to determine theρ_(eff)of ambient BCc particles.The results showed that theρ_(eff)distribution of ambient BCc particles exhibited a bimodal pattern with a left peak located at 0.69 g cm^(-3)and a right peak at 1.45 g cm^(-3).The averageρ_(eff)of BCc particles over the entire observation period was 1.38 g cm^(-3).Theρ_(eff)of BCc particles showed a clear diurnal pattern with a relatively stable distribution at night and large variations during the daytime.Theρ_(eff)value was demonstrated to be a good indicator of BCc particle morphology.BCc particles became more regular with increasingρ_(eff)related to the increasing coating thickness.More coating led to morphological restructuring of BCc particles.The restructuring could be more efficient under high relative humidity conditions.The observed data were further used in a dry deposition scheme,and it was found that the dry deposition velocity of fresh emitted BCc could be largely influenced by its irregular shape.This study reveals the presence of a significant amount of low-density/irregularly shaped black carbon in the environment with rapid morphological changes occurring during the daytime and highlights the need to consider morphological influences in future research on the physicochemical properties of BCc.
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U20A20112)the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong SAR Government,China(Grant Nos.T22-606/23-R and 16206923).
文摘Glacier landslide cascading hazards pose threats to communities and infrastructure,affected by complex processes including the amplification of mass flow volume through erosion and entrainment,transformation of hazard types,ice-water phase change,and enhanced mobility of the mass flow.Scientifically simulating these physical phenomena proves challenging.This study introduces GMFA(glacier mass flow analysis),an integrated numerical model that advances the field by:(1)proposing depth-averaged fluctuation energy and internal energy equations,(2)incorporating the ice-water phase change and the entrainment-deposition process,and(3)capturing their effects on mass flow runout characteristics.The model employs the finite volume method to solve the multi-physics coupled governing equations,enabling efficient large-scale simulations.The model is verified through three numerical tests covering flow dynamics,temperature evolution,and thermo-hydro-mechanical runout processes.The model is applied to analyze a hazard chain that occurred on 10 September 2020 on the Tibetan Plateau.The multi-scenario simulation results indicate an entrained mass volume of(4.95±0.11)×10^(5)m^(3),and a ratio of entrained mass volume to source material volume of 0.44.The solid concentration decreases from 0.6-0.7 to 0.1-0.15 with increasing runout distance,indicating a transition from avalanche to debris flood.The internal energy rises by(3-4)×10^(3)kJ/m^(3),driving rapid ice melting from 0.1 to 0.2 to near-zero concentration.The model effectively quantifies volume amplification,ice-water phase changes,and multi-hazard transformations.This model pushes the geoscience frontier,extending computational capability from single-to multi-hazard simulations and providing a powerful tool for analyzing glacier cascading hazards.
基金supported by the 111 Project(2.0)of China(No.BP0719037)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51474065).
文摘To investigate the dispersion and deposition behavior of the nanoparticles(NPs)in the molten steel under the combined effects of turbulent flow and Brownian motion,a 3D model utilizing volume of fluid-discrete phase model was developed based on a small-size ingot casting process.A modified Brownian motion model was implemented into the simulation using user-defined function to more accurately predict the motion behavior and distribution of the NPs in the molten steel.The results show that the NPs tend to deposit at the bottom or disperse toward the wall under the turbulent flow.The introduction of Brownian motion increases the horizontal dispersion rate(DH)to 21.3%and reduces the bottom deposition rate by 12.8%.A reduction in the particle size and density promotes higher particle mobility,characterized by increased velocity and DH,along with diminished deposition.As the particle size decreases to 1×10^(-7)m,Brownian motion becomes a significant factor influencing the particle dynamics.Additionally,increasing the initial velocity of the molten steel results in a lower DH of the particles.However,once the velocity exceeds 0.15 m s^(-1),its influence on the particle velocity becomes negligible.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFF1001500)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2021YFYZ0007,2024NSFSC0298,SCCXTD-2025-8)+1 种基金China Agriculture Research System(CARS-35)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32421005)。
文摘The gut microbiota has emerged as a pivotal regulator of host lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis.A growing body of evidence reveals that variations in the composition and metabolic activity of intestinal microbes are closely associated with differences in adipose tissue deposition across species.Notably,increased abundance of Firmicutes and a reduced proportion of Bacteroidetes and butyrate-producing bacteria have been linked to enhanced fat accumulation.Key microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)influence lipid metabolism through multiple pathways,including the activation of GPR41/43 receptors,modulation of the bile acid–FXR/TGR5 axis,and regulation of hepatic lipogenesis.Additionally,the gut–brain axis plays a critical role in controlling feeding behavior via neuroendocrine signaling.This review summarizes current advances in understanding the roles of dominant bacterial phyla and beneficial genera—including Clostridium butyricum and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii—in fat metabolism.We further explore the mechanisms by which gut microbiota modulate lipid synthesis and catabolism through SCFA production,bile acid signaling,and AMPK/PPAR-related pathways.These insights highlight the potential of microbiota-targeted strategies to restore lipid metabolic balance,offering novel opportunities for applications in health management,nutritional interventions,and microbial therapeutics.
基金supported by the Special Project of Gansu Province,China(Nos.23ZDGA010,22ZD6GA008)the Central Guiding Fund for Local Science and Technology Development Project,China(Nos.24ZYQA054,23ZYQA308)the Key Project of Research and Innovation in Universities,China(No.2024CXPT-06)。
文摘Inconel 625 alloy components were fabricated using hot wire laser metal deposition(HW-LMD)through process optimization,achieving a wire deposition rate of 1.72 kg/h.The microstructure and mechanical properties of the HW-LMD Inconel 625 alloys were systematically investigated.The results revealed that the microstructure of the HWLMD Inconel 625 alloys consisted of columnar dendrites,characterized by an average grain size of 12.5μm and a strong{100}〈001〉texture.The main phase identified wasγ-Ni,with the precipitation of Laves phase,measuring less than 1μm,observed in the inter-columnar dendritic regions.The average microhardness of the HW-LMD Inconel 625 alloys was HV1.0258.The yield strength and ultimate tensile strength were 493.5 and 837.4 MPa,respectively,with elongation exceeding 50%.Impact absorbing energies at 25 and-78℃were 223.08 and 200.24 J,respectively.Both the tensile and impact fracture surfaces exhibited dimples,indicating a ductile fracture mechanism during the deformation process.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1301303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32202715)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.23DAA00403)Double first-class discipline promotion project under grant(No.2023B10564001)。
文摘Intramuscular fat(IMF)content serves as the key determinants of meat quality.Emerging evidence indicates that gut microbiota and their metabolites significantly influence IMF deposition levels by modulating host lipid metabolism through multiple pathways,positioning microbial regulation as a pivotal target for meat quality improvement.However,existing studies remain fragmented,predominantly focusing on isolated mechanisms or correlations without a systematic view of the regulatory network.This review consolidates the core mechanisms through which microbiota-derived metabolites including short-chain fatty acids,bile acids,branched-chain amino acids,trimethylamine N-oxide,tryptophan derivatives,succinate,polyamines etc.,regulate IMF deposition and proposes a targeted intervention framework,the“gut microbiota/metabolites-IMF axis”.By integrating these insights,we provide a theoretical foundation and define practical research pathways to assess the potential of microbial-based strategies for improving meat quality in swine production.
基金the support received from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFB3407400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52475386,Grant No.52025058).
文摘5xxx Al alloys are widely used in additive manufacturing(AM)components across various industries due to their advantageous properties,including low density,high strength,and excellent corrosion resistance.However,conventional melt-based AM methods often introduce defects such as pores,cracks and elemental evaporation.In the present study,a novel screw extrusion-plasticizing friction stir deposition(SEFSD)process,which enables the extrusion plasticization of 5183 particulate feedstocks via a three-stage tapered screw tool,was utilized to fabricate a 20-layer 5183 deposition wall through continuous linear reciprocating deposition in the solid state.The deposition wall exhibited a refined equiaxed microstructure.Due to the low stacking fault energy(SFE)of Al-Mg alloy,the influence of thermal cycles on microstructural evolution was minimal.Overall,the deposition wall demonstrated excellent mechanical properties,though strength and ductility in the deposition direction were reduced due to interlayer defects,which could be mitigated by incorporating stir pins or enhancing interlayer adhesive friction to intensify the material flow.This study confirms the applicability and significant potential of SEFSD for additive manufacturing 5xxx Al alloy components.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFA1608800)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2024A1515012385, 2024B1515120042)+6 种基金Shenzhen Foundation Research Fund (JCYJ20240813095004006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12426301, 12275119, 52227802)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (KQTD20200820113047086)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Solid State Batteries (SYSPG20241211173726011)Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Photonic-Thermal-Electrical Energy Materials and Devices (2019B121205001)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power (2018B030322001)the Major Science and Technology Infrastructure Project of Material Genome Big-science Facilities Platform supported by the Municipal Development and Reform Commission of Shenzhen
文摘The rapid proliferation of microelectronics,coupled with the advent of the internet ofthings(IoT)era,has created an urgent demand for miniaturized,integrable,and reliable on-chip energystorage systems.All-solid-state thin-film microbatteries(TFMBs),distinguished by their intrinsicsafety,compact design,and compatibility with microfabrication techniques,have emerged as promisingcandidates to power next-generation IoT devices.Nevertheless,in contrast to the well-establisheddevelopment of conventional lithium-ion batteries,the advancement of TFMBs remains at an earlystage,facing persistent challenges in materials innovation,interface optimization,and scalable manufacturing.This review critically examines the pivotal role of vapor deposition technologies,includingmagnetron sputtering,pulsed laser deposition,thermal/electron-beam evaporation,chemical vapordeposition,and atomic layer deposition,in the fabrication and performance modulation of TFMBs.We systematically summarize recent progress in thin-film electrodes and solid-state electrolytes,withparticular emphasis on how deposition parameters dictate crystallinity,lattice orientation,and ionictransport in functional layers.Furthermore,we highlight strategies for solid-solid interface engineering,three-dimensional structural design,andmultifunctional integration to enhance capacity retention,cycling stability,and interfacial compatibility.Looking ahead,TFMBs are expectedto evolve toward multifunctional platforms,exhibiting mechanical flexibility,optical transparency,and hybrid energy-harvesting compatibility,thereby meeting the heterogeneous energy requirements of future IoT ecosystems.Overall,this review provides a comprehensive perspective onvapor-phase-enabled TFMB technologies,delivering both theoretical insights and technological guidelines for the scalable realization of highperformancemicroscale power sources.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1000201)National Scientific Foundation of China(32272861)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-41)。
文摘Background Excessive abdominal fat in broilers not only reduces feed efficiency and increases processing costs but also raises environmental concerns.This pathological overaccumulation results from complex metabolic dysregulation across multiple organs.While current research largely centers on adipogenesis within adipose tissue,a comprehensive understanding of the cross-organ regulatory factors influencing this process remains elusive.Results Here,we employed a high-fat diet(HFD)model and multi-omics approaches to investigate cross-organ regulatory mechanisms underlying abdominal fat deposition in broilers.Our results demonstrated that HFD not only promoted fat accumulation but also altered meat quality traits.Through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing,we identified significant gut microbiota dysbiosis in HFD-fed chickens,manifested by an increased abundance of Lactobacillus and a decreased abundance of Enterococcus.However,jejunal microbiota transplantation from HFD donors did not induce abdominal fat deposition in recipient chickens.Metabolomic profiling revealed that HFD elevated the level of succinic acid,a metabolite positively correlated with Lactobacillus abundance and potentially generated by Lactobacillus.This increase in succinic acid(SA)further triggered metabolic inflammation response in both jejunal tissue and serum.In vivo validation established succinic acid as a key inflammatory mediator facilitating HFD-induced cross-organ communication between the jejunum and abdominal adipose tissue,enhancing intestinal lipid uptake and subsequent abdominal fat deposition.Bulk and single-nucleus RNA sequencing(snRNA-seq)revealed that HFD induced macrophage population expansion and intensified adipocyte-macrophage crosstalk.Adipocyte-macrophage co-culture systems further elucidated that macrophages are an indispensable factor in succinic acid-induced fat deposition.Conclusion This study delineates a succinic acid-driven"gut-fat axis"governing abdominal fat deposition in broilers,integrating gut microbiota dysbiosis and macrophage-mediated inflammatory adipogenesis.By identifying succinic acid as a cross-organ signaling molecule that enhances lipid absorption and activates macrophage-dependent adipogenesis,we establish systemic metabolic-immune crosstalk as a pivotal regulatory mechanism.These findings redefine fat deposition as a process extending beyond adipose-centric models,advancing multi-omics-guided strategies for sustainable poultry production.
文摘BaFe_(12)O_(19)(BaM)thin films with thicknesses ranging from 15 nm–200 nm were deposited on Al_(2)O_(3)(0001)substrates by pulsed laser deposition(PLD).X-ray diffraction patterns show that a buffer layer with a thickness of nearly 60 nm forms on the substrate,and then a c-axis perpendicularly oriented Ba M thin film grows on the buffer layer.Atomic force microscopy results indicate that the Ba M thin film exhibits a spiral island growth mode on the buffer layer.Magnetic hysteresis loop results confirm that the buffer layer exhibits no significant magnetic anisotropy,while the Ba M thin film exhibits perpendicular magnetic anisotropy.The out-of-plane coercivity decreases with increasing Ba M thin-film thickness due to the combined effect of grain size growth and lattice strain relaxation.The 200 nm thick film exhibits optimum magnetic properties with M_(s)=319 emu/cm^(3) and H_(c)=1546 Oe.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52376012)the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(20230024047001).
文摘Pulse tube cryocoolers are widely employed in cryogenic systems,where gas contamination has become a critical factor limiting both performance and service life.To further investigate the condensation behavior of contaminants,this study develops a two-dimensional axisymmetric model of a linear-type cryocooler to simulate the transport and deposition processes of trace CO_(2),evaluating the impact of contamination on system pressure drop under various operating conditions.Results indicate that CO_(2)diffusion is primarily driven by concentration gradients.The CO_(2)deposition rate increases markedly at low temperatures and high concentrations,with over 90%of deposition occurring in the cold-end heat exchanger.Under different concentration distributions,dry ice predominantly accumulates in the cold-end heat exchanger;however,notable differences emerge in the pulse tube.In the uniform distribution case,CO_(2)tends to deposit along the inner wall of the pulse tube,whereas in the gradual release scenario,deposition mainly occurs on the cold-end flow straightening mesh screen.Dry ice deposition significantly increases the pressure drop across the system and decreases the pressure wave amplitude,resulting in a degradation of cooling capacity.This study lays a foundation for further investigation into the thermal properties of contaminant layers and provides theoretical guidance for optimizing cold-end components to improve contamination resilience.
基金the Program of National Key Research and Development of China (No.2022YFB3603702, No. 2023YFC3905301)Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 2025AFA025)the Research Fund of Jianghan University (No. 2023KJZX01)。
文摘The random distribution of one-dimensional nanofillers in composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs) typically results in tortuous ion transport pathways,severely limiting ionic conductivity and Li^(+) flux uniformity.Herein,an innovative electric field-assisted strategy is proposed to construct vertically aligned ion channels in CPEs using lithiated halloysite nano tubes(HNTs-SO_(3)Li)embedded within a polyurethane acrylate/polyethylene glycol diacrylate(PUA/PEGDA) matrix.Under an alternating electric field,the nanotubes orient perpendicularly,forming continuous,low-tortuosity pathways that significantly enhance roomtemperature ionic conductivity.The aligned structure not only shortens Li+transport distances but also homogenizes ion flux at the electrode interface,effectively suppressing lithium dendrite growth.Electrochemical characterization reveals exceptional stability.Three-dimensional structural reconstruction and ion transport simulations further demonstrate that the ordered channels promote uniform Li+distribution and faster ion kinetics compared to disordered systems.This study provides a scalable and efficient approach to designing high-performance CPEs for next-generation solid-state batteries,addressing critical challenges in ionic conductivity,interfacial stability,and dendrite suppression.
基金supported by the National Key Researchand Development Program of China(No.2021YFC2801904)the Science Fund of Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai,China(No.AMGM2024F11).
文摘The ultrasonic energy field(UEF)-induced grain refinement mechanisms in laser powder direct energy deposition-manufactured Ti5321G alloys were systematically investigated in this study.This study focused on the interplay between recrystallization in the high-temperature solid deposition layers and the ultrasonic cavitation-acoustic streaming effects during molten pool solidification.A novel experimental design was developed to decouple these mechanisms by creating four distinct UEF action zones(without UEF-N,withUEF-S,with UEF-L,and with UEF-S+L)within a single-pass multilayer sample.This approach enabled the dual effects of UEF(recrystallization in solidified layers and ultrasonic cavitation-acoustic streaming effects in liquid pools)to be directly compared.The UEF significantly refined the microstructures,reducing the average grain size by 64.2%(from(399.6±28.6)to(143.1±16.1)μm)in the with UEF-S+L zone,while promoting columnar-to-equiaxed transition,with the equiaxed grain probability increasing from 11.1%(without UEF) to 53.8%.The texture intensity was reduced by approximately 52.4%and the mechanical properties were enhanced,achieving a 6.2% increase in yield strength((702.0±10.6)MPa)and 31.7%improvement in elongation.Crucially,this study revealed the synergistic effect of the dual-action mechanisms of UEF,where recrystallization and cavitation-acoustic streaming collectively enabled non-linear grain refinement.This study provides a strategy for microstructural control in additive manufacturing,eliminating the need for complex post-processing and thereby advancing the industrial application of high-performance titanium components.
基金supported by the Original Exploratory Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52450012)。
文摘TiB_(2)coatings can significantly enhance the high-temperature oxidation resistance of molybdenum,which would broaden the application range of molybdenum and alloys thereof.However,traditional methods for preparing TiB_(2)coatings have disadvantages such as high equipment costs,complicated processes,and highly toxic gas emissions.This paper proposes an environmentally friendly method,which requires inexpensive equipment and simple processing,for preparing TiB_(2)coating on molybdenum via electrophoretic deposition within Na3AlF6-based molten salts.The produced TiB_(2)layer had an approximate thickness of 60μm and exhibited high density,outstanding hardness(38.2 GPa)and robust adhesion strength(51 N).Additionally,high-temperature oxidation experiments revealed that,at900℃,the TiB_(2)coating provided effective protection to the molybdenum substrate against oxidation for 3 h.This result indicates that the TiB_(2)coating prepared on molybdenum using molten salt electrophoretic deposition possesses good high-temperature oxidation resistance.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52372188)the 111 Project (No.D17007)2023 Introduction of studying abroad talent program。
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs) have advantages including low economic cost and high safety.Nevertheless,the serious hydrogen evolution reactions(HER) and rampant growth of Zn dendrite hinder their further development.Herein,potassium acetate(KAc) additive with cation/anion synergy effect is added into the ZnSO_(4) electrolyte to effectively promote the oriented uniform Zn deposition and suppress side reactions.According to density functional theory calculation and experimental results,CH_(3)COO^(-)(Ac^(-))anions are capable of forming stronger hydrogen bonds with H_(2)O molecules,leading to an expanded electrochemical stability window,reduced the reactivity of H_(2)O,and hence suppressing HER.Meanwhile,Ac-anions can also preferentially adsorb onto the Zn anode,promoting dense deposition towards the(100) crystal plane.Besides,dissociated K^(+) ions serve as electrostatic shielding cations,which significantly promote uniform Zn deposition and prevent dendrite formation.Thus,the Zn||Zn symmetric cell demonstrates an impressive cycle lifespan of 3000 h at 1.0 m A/cm^(2).Furthermore,the Zn||MnO_(2) full battery exhibits superior stability with a capacity retention of 86.95 % at 2.0 A/g after 4000 cycles.Therefore,the cation/anion synergy effect in KAc additive offers a viable solution to address HER and hinder dendrite growth at the interface of Zn anodes.
基金the support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB4005000)the Joint Fund of Liaoning Binhai Laboratory(LBLF-2023-04)+3 种基金Dalian Science and Technology Talent Innovation Support Plan(2022RY09)Innovation Research Fund of Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics(DICP I202318)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22478384)the UK EPSRC(EP/W03784X/1)。
文摘Large-scale hydrogen production via water electrolysis faces a freshwater shortage.Direct seawater electrolysis offers a solution but encounters new challenges.Herein,we report a feasible strategy to both prevent metal hydroxides deposition and boost the hydrogen evolution reaction by adding a chelating agent,EDTA-Na_(4),that chelates with Mg^(2+)/Ca^(2+),thus inhibiting their deposition and gathering them near the cathode surface,resulting in breaking the ordered hydrogen bond networks of interfacial water and reducing the activation energy of water dissociation.Furthermore,hydrolysis of–COO^(-) also promoted water dissociation to produce more active*H and*OH near the electrode surface that in turn serves as a diffusion medium for*OH,accelerating mass transfer and enabling seawater electrolysis to exhibit a stable performance,which operates continuously at 100 mA cm^(-2)@2.20 V and 200 mA cm^(-2)@2.58 V for 400 h in the symmetric electrolyzer and 500 mA cm^(-2)@2.29 V for over 500 h in the asymmetric electrolyzer.This study provides a new perspective to address the issues of stable and scalable direct seawater electrolysis for practical green hydrogen production.
基金supported by the Samsung Electronics Co.,Ltd.(ISO230414-05954-01)Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(NRF2021R1A6A1A03039981)+2 种基金the Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT)Grant,funded by the Korea Government(MOTIE)(P0023703,HRD Program for Industrial Innovation)The computations were performed at the Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information(KISTI)National Supercomputing Center(KSC-2024-CRE-0316)the UNIST Supercomputing Center。
文摘Atomic layer deposition(ALD)is extensively used to fabricate doped dielectrics due to its ability to deposit conformal films with atomic-scale thickness control.Al-doped TiO_(2)(ATO)is a promising high-k dielectric for dynamic random access memory(DRAM)applications,offering a high dielectric constant with a remarkable leakage-lowering effect by Al acceptor doping.However,ATO fabrication via conventional supercycle-based ALD suffers from severe crystallinity loss during the growth of TiO_(2) upon Al doping owing to the dopant-induced lattice disorder.In addition,Al doping cannot reduce any inherent O vacancies(V_(O))of TiO_(2),although the original purpose of doping was to address the n-type nature caused by V_(O).To resolve these limitations,we propose a single-step,in-situ Ar/O_(2) post-doping plasma(PDP)process immediately after the Al dopant incorporation.Using the PDP process,simultaneous atomic-scale dopant migration-mediated crystallization and V_(O) annihilation were successfully initiated.Thus,the surface concentration of the dopant decreased,reducing the dopant-induced lattice distortion,while promoting the highly crystallized seed layer-like surface.Consequently,strong rutile-phase recovery was accompanied by enhanced lattice-matched growth.In addition,the PDP process significantly lowers the V_(O)-to-lattice oxygen ratio by facilitating the recombination between reactive O species and V_(O),increasing the corresponding 0.4 e V of conduction band offset(CBO).Despite the common trade-off between the dielectric constant and leakage,the Pt/PDP-ATO/Ru capacitor exhibited a simultaneous 30%increase in dielectric constant and up to a 1.6-order reduction in leakage current density.
