The nervous system function requires a precise but plastic neural architecture.The neuronal shape dictates how neurons interact with each other and with other cells,being the morphology of dendrites and axons the cent...The nervous system function requires a precise but plastic neural architecture.The neuronal shape dictates how neurons interact with each other and with other cells,being the morphology of dendrites and axons the central determinant of the functional properties of neurons and neural circuits.The topological and structural morphology of axons and dendrites defines and determines how synapses are conformed.The morphological diversity of axon and dendrite arborization governs the neuron’s inputs,synaptic integration,neuronal computation,signal transmission,and network circuitry,hence defining the particular connectivity and function of the different brain areas.展开更多
Zn-I_(2) batteries have emerged as promising next-generation energy storage systems owing to their inherent safety,environmental compatibility,rapid reaction kinetics,and small voltage hysteresis.Nevertheless,two crit...Zn-I_(2) batteries have emerged as promising next-generation energy storage systems owing to their inherent safety,environmental compatibility,rapid reaction kinetics,and small voltage hysteresis.Nevertheless,two critical challenges,i.e.,zinc dendrite growth and polyiodide shuttle effect,severely impede their commercial viability.To conquer these limitations,this study develops a multifunctional separator fabricated from straw-derived carboxylated nanocellulose,with its negative charge density further reinforced by anionic polyacrylamide incorporation.This modification simultaneously improves the separator’s mechanical properties,ionic conductivity,and Zn^(2+)ion transfer number.Remarkably,despite its ultrathin 20μm profile,the engineered separator demonstrates exceptional dendrite suppression and parasitic reaction inhibition,enabling Zn//Zn symmetric cells to achieve impressive cycle life(>1800 h at 2 m A cm^(-2)/2 m Ah cm^(-2))while maintaining robust performance even at ultrahigh areal capacities(25 m Ah cm^(-2)).Additionally,the separator’s anionic characteristic effectively blocks polyiodide migration through electrostatic repulsion,yielding Zn-I_(2) batteries with outstanding rate capability(120.7 m Ah g^(-1)at 5 A g^(-1))and excellent cyclability(94.2%capacity retention after 10,000 cycles).And superior cycling stability can still be achieved under zinc-deficient condition and pouch cell configuration.This work establishes a new paradigm for designing high-performance zinc-based energy storage systems through rational separator engineering.展开更多
Aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)are considered promising candidates owing to their inherent safety and low cost.However,the conventional glass fiber(GF)separator used in AZIBs suffers from poor physicochemical proper...Aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)are considered promising candidates owing to their inherent safety and low cost.However,the conventional glass fiber(GF)separator used in AZIBs suffers from poor physicochemical properties,leading to uncontrolled zinc(Zn)dendrite formation and undesirable side reactions.To address these limitations and enhance the electrochemical performance of AZIBs,a precisely designed functional separator is developed by incorporating UiO-66-(COOH)_(2)into a poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)framework(U-PVDF)via a direct in situ growth method.This approach enables uniform distribution of UiO-66-(COOH)_(2)both on the surface and within the PVDF backbone,without increasing separator thickness.Owing to the strong interaction between Zn^(2+)and the abundant carboxyl groups in UiO-66-(COOH)_(2),the U-PVDF separator regulates the Zn^(2+)solvation structure toward a contact ion pair-dominated structure by reducing coordinated water molecules,which effectively mitigates water-induced parasitic reactions and promotes compact Zn deposition.Consequently,a Zn/Zn symmetric cell employing the U-PVDF separator demonstrates superior cycling stability over 1500 cycles without internal short-circuiting at a current density of 6 mA cm^(−2)and an areal capacity of 2 mAh cm^(−2).Moreover,Zn/NaV_(3)O_(8)·xH_(2)O(NVO)cell with the U-PVDF separator exhibits markedly improved cyclability and rate performance compared with those using conventional GF separator.展开更多
Osteogenesis imperfecta(OI)is a group of diseases caused by defects in type I collagen processing which result in skeletal fragility.While these disorders have been regarded as defects in osteoblast function,the role ...Osteogenesis imperfecta(OI)is a group of diseases caused by defects in type I collagen processing which result in skeletal fragility.While these disorders have been regarded as defects in osteoblast function,the role of matrix-embedded osteocytes in OI pathogenesis remains largely unknown.Homozygous human SP7(c.946 C>T,R316C)mutation results in a recessive form of OI characterized by fragility fractures,low bone mineral density and osteocyte dendrite defects.To better understand how the OI-causing R316C mutation affects the function of SP7,we generated Sp7^(R342C)knock-in mice.Consistent with patient phenotypes,Sp7^(R342C/R342C)mice demonstrate increased cortical porosity and reduced cortical bone mineral density.Sp7^(R342C/R342C)mice show osteocyte dendrite defects,increased osteocyte apoptosis,and intracortical bone remodeling with ectopic intracortical osteoclasts and elevated osteocyte Tnfsf11 expression.展开更多
The unavoidable dendrite growth and shuttle effect have long been stranglehold challenges limiting the safety and practicality of lithium-sulfur batteries.Herein,we propose a dual-action strategy to address the lithiu...The unavoidable dendrite growth and shuttle effect have long been stranglehold challenges limiting the safety and practicality of lithium-sulfur batteries.Herein,we propose a dual-action strategy to address the lithium dendrite issue in stages by constructing a multifunctional surface-negatively-charged nanodiamond layer with high ductility and robust puncture resistance on polypropylene (PP) separator.The uniformly loaded compact negative layer can not only significantly enhance electron transmission efficiency and promote uniform lithium deposition,but also reduce the formation of dendrite during early deposition stage.Most importantly,under the strong puncture stress encountered during the deterioration of lithium dendrite growth under limiting current,the high ductility and robust puncture resistance(145.88 MPa) of as-obtained nanodiamond layer can effectively prevent short circuits caused by unavoidable lithium dendrite.The Li||Li symmetrical cells assembled with nanodiamond layer modified PP demonstrated a stable cycle of over 1000 h at 2 mA cm^(-2)with a polarization voltage of only 29.3 mV.Additionally,the negative charged layer serves as a physical barrier blocking lithium polysulfide ions,effectively mitigating capacity attenuation.The improved cells achieved a capacity decay of only 0.042%per cycle after 700 cycles at 3 C,demonstrating effective suppression of dendrite growth and capacity attenuation,showing promising prospect.展开更多
Lithium metal anodes,with a theoretical capacity of up to 3860 mAh·g−1,are regarded as the cornerstone for developing next-generation high-energy-density batteries.However,several key challenges hinder their prac...Lithium metal anodes,with a theoretical capacity of up to 3860 mAh·g−1,are regarded as the cornerstone for developing next-generation high-energy-density batteries.However,several key challenges hinder their practical applications,includ-ing dendrite formation,unstable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI),side reactions with electrolytes,and associated safety risks.This review systematically explores the mechanisms of lithium nucleation,growth,and stripping in both liquid and solid-state battery systems,analyzing critical theoretical concepts like heterogeneous nucleation thermodynamics,surface diffusion kinetics,space charge effects,and SEI-induced nucleation,which are crucial for understanding the genesis of dendrite growth.Additionally,the review discusses the electrochemical-mechanical coupling failures that lead to SEI degra-dation and the formation of dead lithium.For liquid systems,the review proposes strategies to mitigate dendrite formation and SEI instability,which include electrolyte optimization,artificial SEI design,and electrode framework design.In solid-state batteries,the review offers a granular analysis of the interface challenges associated with polymer,sulfide,and halide electrolytes and summarizes different solutions for different solid-state electrolytes.Meanwhile,the review emphasizes the importance of advanced characterization techniques and computational modeling in understanding and regulating the interface between lithium metal and electrolytes.Looking ahead,the review highlights future research directions that emp-hasize the integration of cross-disciplinary approaches to tackle these interconnected challenges.By addressing these issues,the path will be clear for the rapid commercialization and widespread application of lithium metal batteries,bringing us closer to realizing stable,high-energy-density batteries that can satisfy the escalating demands of modern energy storage applications across various industries.展开更多
Hydrogel electrolytes based on natural polymers have attracted increasing attention in zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)powering wearable and implantable electronics,but designing natural polymer hydrogels with high ionic cond...Hydrogel electrolytes based on natural polymers have attracted increasing attention in zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)powering wearable and implantable electronics,but designing natural polymer hydrogels with high ionic conductivity,excellent transference performance,and inhibited Zn dendrites is still challenging.Herein,two natural biocompatible polymers(sodium alginate(SA)and agarose(AG))are used to prepare composite hydrogel electrolytes ensuring electrostatic interaction between–COO–groups in SA and Zn^(2+)and coordination between C–O–C groups in AG and Zn^(2+).The as-obtained hydrogels exhibit an elevated ionic conductivity(25.05 mS cm^(−1))with a high transference number(0.75),useful for facilitated efficient Zn^(2+)transport.The theoretical calculations combined with experimental results reveal C–O–C groups endowing the as-prepared hydrogels with improved desolvation kinetics and capture ability of Zn^(2+)for achieving dendrite-free Zn deposition.In this way,the assembled Zn symmetric cell shows a long cycle life reaching 700 h at 0.2 mA cm^(−2).The exceptional biocompatibility of the hydrogels also results in cell viability assay with a survival rate above 93.5%.Overall,the proposed hydrogel electrolytes endow solid-state ZIBs with high discharge capacity,outstanding rate performance,long cycle life,good antifreeze capability,and impressive flexibility,useful features for future design and development of advanced ZIBs.展开更多
Li metal is widely recognized as the desired anode for next-generation energy storage,Li metal batteries,due to its highest theoretical capacity and lowest potential.Nonetheless,it suffers from unstable electrochemica...Li metal is widely recognized as the desired anode for next-generation energy storage,Li metal batteries,due to its highest theoretical capacity and lowest potential.Nonetheless,it suffers from unstable electrochemical behaviors like dendrite growth and side reactions in practical application.Herein,we report a highly stable anode with collector,Li_(5)Mg@Cu,realized by the melting-rolling process.The Li_(5)Mg@Cu anode delivers ultrahigh cycle stability for 2000 and 1000 h at the current densities of 1 and 2 mA cm^(-2),respectively in symmetric cells.Meanwhile,the Li_(5)Mg@Cu|LFP cell exhibits a high-capacity retention of 91.8% for 1000 cycles and 78.8% for 2000 cycles at 1 C.Moreover,we investigate the suppression effects of Mg on the dendrite growth by studying the performance of Li_(x)Mg@Cu electrodes with different Mg contents(2.0-16.7 at%).The exchange current density,surface energy,Li^(+)diffusion coefficient,and chemical stability of Li_(x)Mg@Cu concretely reveal this improving suppression effect when Mg content becomes higher.In addition,a Mg-rich phase with“hollow brick”morphology forming in the high Mg content Li_(x)Mg@Cu guides the uniform deposition of Li.This study reveals the suppression effects of Mg on Li dendrites growth and offers a perspective for finding the optimal component of Li-Mg alloys.展开更多
Secondary dendrite orientation and wall thickness considerably affect the stress rupture life of thin-walled samples.However,the effect of the secondary dendrite orientation on the thickness debit effect of nickel-bas...Secondary dendrite orientation and wall thickness considerably affect the stress rupture life of thin-walled samples.However,the effect of the secondary dendrite orientation on the thickness debit effect of nickel-based single-crystal superalloys has not been thoroughly investigated until now.Owing to geometrical constraints,typical sheet samples cannot reveal the mechanism responsible for the thickness debit effect in turbine blades.This study examined the effect of secondary dendrite orientation on the thickness debit effect of nickel-based single-crystal superalloys at 1100℃/137 MPa in tubular samples.As the wall thickness decreased from 1.5 mm to 0.3 mm,the stress rupture life decreased from approximately 170 h to 64 h,demonstrating a noticeable thickness debit effect.Among the different secondary dendrite orientation areas,the variation in plastic deformation difference increased from 7%(1.5 mm)to 45%(0.5 mm)and subsequently decreased to 4%(0.3 mm).In thinner samples,the thickness contraction and microstructure evolution were more pronounced in the[100]areas than that in the[110]and[210]areas.The theoretical calculation quantitatively indicated that for the effective stress increased,the contribution of plastic deformation(45%)was slightly lower than that of oxidation(55%)in 0.3 mm samples;nevertheless,plastic deformation played a prominent role in 0.5,0.8,1,and 1.5 mm samples and increased from 61%(0.5 mm samples)to 85%(1.5 mm samples).In thinner samples,the larger plastic deformation in the secondary dendrite orientation of the[100]areas and oxidation increased the effective stress,resulting in a shorter rupture life.These findings are conducive to the structural optimization and performance improvement of turbine blades.展开更多
The effects of the Laves-decorated dendrite structure on the hydrogen-assisted cracking behavior of the SLM-718 alloy were investigated.The Laves phase exhibits a hydrogen desorption activation energy of 47.67±7....The effects of the Laves-decorated dendrite structure on the hydrogen-assisted cracking behavior of the SLM-718 alloy were investigated.The Laves phase exhibits a hydrogen desorption activation energy of 47.67±7.85 kJ mol^(-1).The results of in situ scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy and hydrogen microprint technique provide direct evidence of the hydrogen trapping by the Laves phase.The high-density dendrite walls consisting of entangled dislocations exhibit an inhibitory effect on hydrogen diffusion.Atomic-scale characterization reveals that dislocation stacking at the Laves/γ-matrix interface induces the formation of dislocation defects and a high-stress concentration in the Laves phase.The presence of hydrogen further promotes the formation of micropore defects and the embrittlement of the Laves phase.Hydrogen-promoted dislocation slip localization and hydrogen-induced reduction of interatomic bonding are the primary reasons for the Laves phase fracture and debonding at the Laves/γ-matrix interface.The coalescence of micropore defects ultimately leads to hydrogen-induced crack formation.展开更多
Lithium metal is a highly promising anode for next-generation rechargeable batteries due to its ultrahigh theoretical capacity(3860 mAh g^(-1))and the lowest electrochemical potential(-3.04 V vs.SHE).However,its pract...Lithium metal is a highly promising anode for next-generation rechargeable batteries due to its ultrahigh theoretical capacity(3860 mAh g^(-1))and the lowest electrochemical potential(-3.04 V vs.SHE).However,its practical application is hindered by dendritic growth,unstable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI),and electrically isolated"dead"lithium,which degrade cycling performance and safety.To mitigate these issues by lowering the local current density,three-dimensional(3D)porous scaffolds have been explored,yet their effectiveness remains limited due to the intrinsically lithiophobic nature of scaffold surfaces.Here,we present a facile and scalable strategy to construct 3D nickel scaffolds(NiOSc-400)with an oxygen-rich,lithiophilic NiO interface,using a two-step tunable surface modification route.NiOSc-400promotes uniform Li^(+)adsorption and nucleation,while facilitating the in-situ formation of a Li_(2)O-based quasi-SEI via a conversion reaction.NiOSc-400 exhibits excellent cycling stability with a Coulombic efficiency of 99.9%over 800 cycles at 0.5 mA cm^(-2)and maintains a low overpotential of 28.9 mV at 15 mA cm^(-2).This work provides a practically viable platform for dendrite-free,high-performance lithium metal anodes by rationally engineering interfacial chemistry and scaffold architecture.展开更多
All-solid-state lithium metal batteries represent leading candidates for the next generation of highenergy-density rechargeable batteries.However,the coupled mechanisms governing dendrite growth and crack propagation ...All-solid-state lithium metal batteries represent leading candidates for the next generation of highenergy-density rechargeable batteries.However,the coupled mechanisms governing dendrite growth and crack propagation within solid-state electrolytes(SSEs)remain inadequately understood.To address this knowledge gap,we propose an electrochemical-mechanical coupled phase-field model designed to simulate the complex processes of lithium deposition and crack propagation in SSEs.This framework systematically examines the influence of initial defect characteristics—including morphology,dimensions,and fracture toughness—on dendrite penetration dynamics.Furthermore,it identifies potential initiation pathways for detrimental lithium deposition within the electrolyte bulk.The model also quantifies the critical role of electrolyte elastic modulus and grain boundary orientation in modulating deposition behavior.Notably,simulation results demonstrate concordance with existing experimental observations,thereby establishing a fundamental theoretical framework for understanding failure mechanisms.This work provides crucial mechanistic insights and predictive capabilities to guide the rational design of failure-resistant SSEs for all-solid-state lithium metal batteries.展开更多
Zinc metal anodes in aqueous batteries confront critical challenges from dendrite growth and side reactions at the electrode-electrolyte interface,where three phases coexist,including solid zinc metal,liquid electroly...Zinc metal anodes in aqueous batteries confront critical challenges from dendrite growth and side reactions at the electrode-electrolyte interface,where three phases coexist,including solid zinc metal,liquid electrolyte,and gaseous hydrogen bubbles.While hydrogen bubbles are conventionally perceived as detrimental byproducts,this study redefines their dual role through a phase-field model that resolves electrodeposition dynamics with multiphase interactions.Static hydrogen bubbles suppress dendrite formation beneath their shielded zones by blocking ion transport yet accelerate dendrite growth at bubble edges through electric field distortion and localized ion preservation,leading to an over 200 % increase in maximum dendrite length.Larger bubbles and closer proximity to the zinc surface amplify dendrite nucleation and elongation rates.In contrast,moving bubbles homogenize ion flux through hydrodynamic stirring,suppressing edge-localized dendrite growth.Lateral motion is more effective than vertical motion in dendrite suppression,reducing dendrite length by 53 % compared to static bubbles.Notably,oscillating bubbles combining lateral and vertical motion synergize ion blocking and preservation effects,which suppress dendrite growth more effectively,surpassing even bubble-free systems.By correlating bubble dynamics,including size,proximity,and mobility,with dendrite behavior,this work redefines hydrogen bubbles beyond mere byproducts to tunable design elements.Active bubble oscillation engineering strategies,such as ultrasonic agitation,can stabilize zinc electrodeposition by disrupting bubble adhesion and leveraging bubble dynamics.This work bridges multiphase interactions and interfacial deposition dynamics,offering pathways beyond conventional wisdom to mitigate dendrite growth and advance high-performance zinc batteries.展开更多
Traditional lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)employing liquid electrolytes face inherent safety risks,motivating the development of solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)like polyethylene oxide(PEO).However,pure PEO suffers from ...Traditional lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)employing liquid electrolytes face inherent safety risks,motivating the development of solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)like polyethylene oxide(PEO).However,pure PEO suffers from low room-temperature ionic conductivity and poor mechanical strength.Composite solid electrolytes(CSEs)incorporating inorganic filler offer promise but are hindered by poor interfacial compatibility.This study addresses this critical issue through surface engineering.Mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane(MPTMS)is used to modify garnet-type Li_(6.4)La_(3)Zr_(1.4)Ta_(0.6)O_(12)(LLZTO)particles,introducing thiol groups(-SH)onto their surface.Subsequently,thiol-functionalized LLZTO(LLZTO@MPTMS)participate in the insitu copolymerization of polyethylene glycol methyl methacrylate(PEGMEMA)and crosslinker polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate(PEGDMA),yielding a novel PEO-based CSE(PCSE).The effects of PEGMEMA molecular weight,PEGMEMA/PEGDMA ratio,and LLZTO@MPTMS content have been systematically examined to optimize the electrolyte.The resulting PCSE exhibits an ionic conductivity of 1.20×10^(-4)S·cm^(-1)at 30℃,a lithium-ion transference number of 0.36,and a wide electrochemical stability window up to 5.1 V(vs.Li^(+)/Li).Li/PCSE/Li symmetric cells demonstrate stable cycling for nearly 240 h at 0.05 mA·cm^(-2),indicating enhanced interface compatibility with lithium metal and effective dendrite suppression.Furthermore,LiFePO_(4)/PCSE/Li full cells deliver a high initial discharge capacity of 155.0 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.1 C and retain 76.0%capacity after 100 cycles,alongside excellent rate capability.These results confirm that the combined strategy of LLZTO surface modification with MPTMS and in-situ copolymerization effectively mitigates interfacial issues,presenting a promising material system for high-performance solid-state LIBs.展开更多
The widespread application of solid-state polymer electrolytes(SPEs)is impeded due to their limited ionic conductivity,narrow electrochemical window and lithium dendrite problem.In this work,Mg-metal-organic framework...The widespread application of solid-state polymer electrolytes(SPEs)is impeded due to their limited ionic conductivity,narrow electrochemical window and lithium dendrite problem.In this work,Mg-metal-organic frameworks(MOF)is incorporated into a polyethylene oxide(PEO)-based polymer solid electrolyte,leading to the insitu formation of LiF and other compounds at the electrolyte interface.This modification significantly improves lithium-ion transport capabilities and regulates lithium deposition behavior,suppressing the formation of lithium dendrites.展开更多
Lithium(Li)metal is considered the most promising anode material for the next generation of secondary batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity and low potential.However,the application of Li anode in re...Lithium(Li)metal is considered the most promising anode material for the next generation of secondary batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity and low potential.However,the application of Li anode in rechargeable Li metal batteries(LMBs)is hindered due to the short cycle life caused by uncontrolled dendrite growth.In this work,a dendrite-free anode(Li–Sn/Cu)is reinforced synergistically by lithophilic alloy,and a 3D grid structure is designed.Li^(+)diffusion and uniform nucleation are effectively induced by the lithophilic alloy Li_(22)Sn_(5).Moreover,homogeneous deposition of Li^(+)is caused by the reversible gridded Li plating/stripping effect of Cu mesh.Furthermore,the local space electric field is redistributed throughout the 3D conductive network,whereby the tip effect is suppressed,thus inhibiting the growth of Li dendrites.Also,the volume expansion of the anode during cycling is eased by the 3D grid structure.The results show that the Li–Sn/Cu symmetric battery can stably cycle for more than 10,000 h at 2 mA.cm^(-2)and 1 mAh.cm^(-2)with a low overpotential.The capacity retention of the LiFePO_(4)full battery remains above 90.7%after 1,000 cycles at 1C.This work provides a facile,low-cost,and effective strategy for obtaining Li metal batteries with ultra-long cycle life.展开更多
Since the as-cast microstructure benefits dynamic recrystallization(DRX)nucleation,the present research is focused on the microstructure evolution associated with the dendrites and precipitates during the thermal defo...Since the as-cast microstructure benefits dynamic recrystallization(DRX)nucleation,the present research is focused on the microstructure evolution associated with the dendrites and precipitates during the thermal deformation of an ingot without homogenization treatment aiming at exploring a new efficient strategy of ingot cogging for superalloys.The as-cast samples were deformed at the sub-solvus temperature,and the DRX evolution from dendritic arms(DAs)to inter-dendritic regions(IDRs)was discussed based on the observation of the fishnet-like DRX microstructures and the gradient of DRX grain size at IDRs.The difference in the precipitates at DAs and IDRs played an essential role during the deformation and DRX process,which finally resulted in very different microstructures in the two areas.A selective straininduced grain boundary bulging(SIGBB)mechanism was found to function well and dominate the DRX nucleation at DAs.The grain boundary was able to migrate and bulge to nucleate on the condition that the boundary was located at DAs and had a great difference in dislocation density between its opposite sides at the same time.As for DRX nucleation at IDRs,the particle-stimulated nucleation(PSN)mechanism played a leading role,and the progressive subgrain rotation(PSR)and geometric DRX were two important supplementary mechanisms.The dislocation accumulation around the coarse precipitates at IDR resulted in progressive orientation rotation,which would generate DRX nuclei once the maximum misorientation there was sufficient to form a high-angle boundary with the matrix.The PSR or geometric DRX functioned at the severely elongated IDRs at the later stage of deformation,depending on the thickness of the elongated IDRs.The uniform microstructure was obtained by the deformation without homogenization and the subsequent annealing treatment.The smaller strain,the lower annealing temperature,and the much shorter soaking time requested in the above process lead to a smaller risk of cracking and a lower consumption of energy during the ingot-cogging process.展开更多
Dendrite growth represents one of the most significant challenges that impede the development of aqueous zinc-ion batteries.Herein,Gd^(3+)ions are introduced into conventional electrolytes as a microlevelling agent to...Dendrite growth represents one of the most significant challenges that impede the development of aqueous zinc-ion batteries.Herein,Gd^(3+)ions are introduced into conventional electrolytes as a microlevelling agent to achieve dendrite-free zinc electrodeposition.Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that these Gd^(3+)ions are preferentially adsorbed onto the zinc surface,which enables dendritefree zinc anodes by activating the microlevelling effect during electrodeposition.In addition,the Gd^(3+)additives effectively inhibit side reactions and facilitate the desolvation of[Zn(H_(2)O)_(6)]^(2+),leading to highly reversible zinc plating/stripping.Due to these improvements,the zinc anode demonstrates a significantly prolonged cycle life of 2100 h and achieves an exceptional average Coulombic efficiency of 99.72%over 1400 cycles.More importantly,the Zn//NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10)full cell shows a high capacity retention rate of 85.6%after 1000 cycles.This work not only broadens the application of metallic cations in battery electrolytes but also provides fundamental insights into their working mechanisms.展开更多
Lithium metal has emerged as a highly promising anode material for enhancing the energy density of secondary batteries,attributed to its high theoretical specific capacity and low electrochemical potential.However,saf...Lithium metal has emerged as a highly promising anode material for enhancing the energy density of secondary batteries,attributed to its high theoretical specific capacity and low electrochemical potential.However,safety concerns related to lithium dendrite-induced short circuits and suboptimal electrochemical performance have impeded the commercial viability of lithium metal batteries.Current research efforts primarily focus on altering the solvated structure of Li+by modifying the current collector or introducing electrolyte additives to lower the nucleation barrier,expedite the desolvation process,and suppress the growth of lithium dendrites.Nevertheless,an integrated approach that combines the advantages of these two strategies remains elusive.In this study,we successfully employed metal-organic salt additives with lithophilic properties to accelerate the desolvation process,reduce the nucleation barrier of Li+,and modulate its solvated structure.This approach enhanced the inorganic compound content in the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)on lithium foil surfaces,leading to stable Li+deposition and stripping.Specifically,Li||Cu cells demonstrated excellent cycle life and Coulombic efficiency(97.28%and 98.59%,respectively)at 0.5 m A/cm^(2)@0.5 m Ah/cm^(2)and 1 m A/cm^(2)@1 m Ah/cm^(2)for 410 and 240 cycles,respectively.Li||Li symmetrical cells showed no short circuit at 1 m A/cm^(2)@1 m Ah/cm^(2)for 1150 h,and Li||LFP full cells retained 68.9%of their capacity(104.6 m Ah/g)after 250 cycles at N/P(1.1:1.0)with a current density of 1C.展开更多
The ineluctable introduction of lithium salt to polymer solid-state electrolytes incurs a compromise between strength,ionic conductivity,and thickness.Here,we propose Al_(2)O_(3)-coated polyimide(AO/PI)porous film as ...The ineluctable introduction of lithium salt to polymer solid-state electrolytes incurs a compromise between strength,ionic conductivity,and thickness.Here,we propose Al_(2)O_(3)-coated polyimide(AO/PI)porous film as a high-strength substrate to support fast-ion-conducting polymer-in-salt(PIS)solid-state electrolytes,aiming to suppress lithium dendrite growth and improve full-cell performance.The Al_(2)O_(3)coating layer not only refines the wettability of polyimide porous film to PIS,but also performs as a high modulus protective layer to suppress the growth of lithium dendrites.The resulting PI/AO@PIS exhibits a small thickness of only 35μm with an outstanding tensile strength of 11.3 MPa and Young's modulus of 537.6 MPa.In addition,the PI/AO@PIS delivers a high ionic conductivity of 0.1 m S/cm at 25°C.As a result,the PI/AO@PIS enables symmetric Li cells to achieve exceptional cyclability for over 1000 h at 0.1 m A/cm2without noticeable lithium dendrite formation.Moreover,the PI/AO@PIS-based LiFePO4||Li full cells demonstrate outstanding rate performance(125.7 m Ah/g at 5 C)and impressive cycling stability(96.1%capacity retention at 1 C after 200 cycles).This work highlights the efficacy of enhancing the mechanical properties of polymer matrices and extending cell performance through the incorporation of a dense inorganic interface layer.展开更多
基金supported by the Wellcome Trust(grant No.103852).
文摘The nervous system function requires a precise but plastic neural architecture.The neuronal shape dictates how neurons interact with each other and with other cells,being the morphology of dendrites and axons the central determinant of the functional properties of neurons and neural circuits.The topological and structural morphology of axons and dendrites defines and determines how synapses are conformed.The morphological diversity of axon and dendrite arborization governs the neuron’s inputs,synaptic integration,neuronal computation,signal transmission,and network circuitry,hence defining the particular connectivity and function of the different brain areas.
基金the financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20231292)the Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CX(24)3091)+6 种基金the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX25_1429)the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFE0109200)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2024300440)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2025A1515011098)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12464032)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20232BAB201032)Ji'an Science and Technology Plan Project(2024H-100301)。
文摘Zn-I_(2) batteries have emerged as promising next-generation energy storage systems owing to their inherent safety,environmental compatibility,rapid reaction kinetics,and small voltage hysteresis.Nevertheless,two critical challenges,i.e.,zinc dendrite growth and polyiodide shuttle effect,severely impede their commercial viability.To conquer these limitations,this study develops a multifunctional separator fabricated from straw-derived carboxylated nanocellulose,with its negative charge density further reinforced by anionic polyacrylamide incorporation.This modification simultaneously improves the separator’s mechanical properties,ionic conductivity,and Zn^(2+)ion transfer number.Remarkably,despite its ultrathin 20μm profile,the engineered separator demonstrates exceptional dendrite suppression and parasitic reaction inhibition,enabling Zn//Zn symmetric cells to achieve impressive cycle life(>1800 h at 2 m A cm^(-2)/2 m Ah cm^(-2))while maintaining robust performance even at ultrahigh areal capacities(25 m Ah cm^(-2)).Additionally,the separator’s anionic characteristic effectively blocks polyiodide migration through electrostatic repulsion,yielding Zn-I_(2) batteries with outstanding rate capability(120.7 m Ah g^(-1)at 5 A g^(-1))and excellent cyclability(94.2%capacity retention after 10,000 cycles).And superior cycling stability can still be achieved under zinc-deficient condition and pouch cell configuration.This work establishes a new paradigm for designing high-performance zinc-based energy storage systems through rational separator engineering.
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program(RS-2024-00455177)through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT.
文摘Aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)are considered promising candidates owing to their inherent safety and low cost.However,the conventional glass fiber(GF)separator used in AZIBs suffers from poor physicochemical properties,leading to uncontrolled zinc(Zn)dendrite formation and undesirable side reactions.To address these limitations and enhance the electrochemical performance of AZIBs,a precisely designed functional separator is developed by incorporating UiO-66-(COOH)_(2)into a poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)framework(U-PVDF)via a direct in situ growth method.This approach enables uniform distribution of UiO-66-(COOH)_(2)both on the surface and within the PVDF backbone,without increasing separator thickness.Owing to the strong interaction between Zn^(2+)and the abundant carboxyl groups in UiO-66-(COOH)_(2),the U-PVDF separator regulates the Zn^(2+)solvation structure toward a contact ion pair-dominated structure by reducing coordinated water molecules,which effectively mitigates water-induced parasitic reactions and promotes compact Zn deposition.Consequently,a Zn/Zn symmetric cell employing the U-PVDF separator demonstrates superior cycling stability over 1500 cycles without internal short-circuiting at a current density of 6 mA cm^(−2)and an areal capacity of 2 mAh cm^(−2).Moreover,Zn/NaV_(3)O_(8)·xH_(2)O(NVO)cell with the U-PVDF separator exhibits markedly improved cyclability and rate performance compared with those using conventional GF separator.
基金support from the National Institute of Health(K99AR081897,R00AR081897)M.N.W.acknowledges funding support from the National Institute of Health(P01DK011794,R01DK116716)+1 种基金the Smith Family Foundation Odyssey Award,and the Chen Institute Massachusetts General Hospital Research Scholar(2024-2029)awardμCT and bone histomorphometry were performed by the Center for Skeletal Research at Massachusetts General Hospital,a NIH-funded program(P30AR066261 and AR075042)led by Mary Bouxsein and Marie Demay.
文摘Osteogenesis imperfecta(OI)is a group of diseases caused by defects in type I collagen processing which result in skeletal fragility.While these disorders have been regarded as defects in osteoblast function,the role of matrix-embedded osteocytes in OI pathogenesis remains largely unknown.Homozygous human SP7(c.946 C>T,R316C)mutation results in a recessive form of OI characterized by fragility fractures,low bone mineral density and osteocyte dendrite defects.To better understand how the OI-causing R316C mutation affects the function of SP7,we generated Sp7^(R342C)knock-in mice.Consistent with patient phenotypes,Sp7^(R342C/R342C)mice demonstrate increased cortical porosity and reduced cortical bone mineral density.Sp7^(R342C/R342C)mice show osteocyte dendrite defects,increased osteocyte apoptosis,and intracortical bone remodeling with ectopic intracortical osteoclasts and elevated osteocyte Tnfsf11 expression.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 52372083, 52173255)Opening Project of the Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemistry of Low-Dimensional Materials (JSKC24025)+1 种基金Special Funds for the Trans-formation of Scientific and Technological Achievements in Jiangsu Province(BA2023003)Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Micro/nanomaterials and Equipment (Co-constructed by Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education)。
文摘The unavoidable dendrite growth and shuttle effect have long been stranglehold challenges limiting the safety and practicality of lithium-sulfur batteries.Herein,we propose a dual-action strategy to address the lithium dendrite issue in stages by constructing a multifunctional surface-negatively-charged nanodiamond layer with high ductility and robust puncture resistance on polypropylene (PP) separator.The uniformly loaded compact negative layer can not only significantly enhance electron transmission efficiency and promote uniform lithium deposition,but also reduce the formation of dendrite during early deposition stage.Most importantly,under the strong puncture stress encountered during the deterioration of lithium dendrite growth under limiting current,the high ductility and robust puncture resistance(145.88 MPa) of as-obtained nanodiamond layer can effectively prevent short circuits caused by unavoidable lithium dendrite.The Li||Li symmetrical cells assembled with nanodiamond layer modified PP demonstrated a stable cycle of over 1000 h at 2 mA cm^(-2)with a polarization voltage of only 29.3 mV.Additionally,the negative charged layer serves as a physical barrier blocking lithium polysulfide ions,effectively mitigating capacity attenuation.The improved cells achieved a capacity decay of only 0.042%per cycle after 700 cycles at 3 C,demonstrating effective suppression of dendrite growth and capacity attenuation,showing promising prospect.
基金supported by grants from the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.XDB1040100 and XDB1040300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22379108,52202279,52225105,22279127,22425403,92372125,22421001,22205241,22425403,92372125,22421001,22205241,92472207,52472223,52102280,22393900 and 22209010)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFF0500600 and 2021YFB2500300)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Univer-sities(Grant No.WK9990000170)。
文摘Lithium metal anodes,with a theoretical capacity of up to 3860 mAh·g−1,are regarded as the cornerstone for developing next-generation high-energy-density batteries.However,several key challenges hinder their practical applications,includ-ing dendrite formation,unstable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI),side reactions with electrolytes,and associated safety risks.This review systematically explores the mechanisms of lithium nucleation,growth,and stripping in both liquid and solid-state battery systems,analyzing critical theoretical concepts like heterogeneous nucleation thermodynamics,surface diffusion kinetics,space charge effects,and SEI-induced nucleation,which are crucial for understanding the genesis of dendrite growth.Additionally,the review discusses the electrochemical-mechanical coupling failures that lead to SEI degra-dation and the formation of dead lithium.For liquid systems,the review proposes strategies to mitigate dendrite formation and SEI instability,which include electrolyte optimization,artificial SEI design,and electrode framework design.In solid-state batteries,the review offers a granular analysis of the interface challenges associated with polymer,sulfide,and halide electrolytes and summarizes different solutions for different solid-state electrolytes.Meanwhile,the review emphasizes the importance of advanced characterization techniques and computational modeling in understanding and regulating the interface between lithium metal and electrolytes.Looking ahead,the review highlights future research directions that emp-hasize the integration of cross-disciplinary approaches to tackle these interconnected challenges.By addressing these issues,the path will be clear for the rapid commercialization and widespread application of lithium metal batteries,bringing us closer to realizing stable,high-energy-density batteries that can satisfy the escalating demands of modern energy storage applications across various industries.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.62101605)the Zhuhai Fundamental and Application Research(no.2220004002896)+2 种基金the Guangdong Introducing Innovative and Entrepreneurial Teams Program(no.2019ZT08Z656)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(no.KQTD20190929172522248)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University(no.24qnpy160).
文摘Hydrogel electrolytes based on natural polymers have attracted increasing attention in zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)powering wearable and implantable electronics,but designing natural polymer hydrogels with high ionic conductivity,excellent transference performance,and inhibited Zn dendrites is still challenging.Herein,two natural biocompatible polymers(sodium alginate(SA)and agarose(AG))are used to prepare composite hydrogel electrolytes ensuring electrostatic interaction between–COO–groups in SA and Zn^(2+)and coordination between C–O–C groups in AG and Zn^(2+).The as-obtained hydrogels exhibit an elevated ionic conductivity(25.05 mS cm^(−1))with a high transference number(0.75),useful for facilitated efficient Zn^(2+)transport.The theoretical calculations combined with experimental results reveal C–O–C groups endowing the as-prepared hydrogels with improved desolvation kinetics and capture ability of Zn^(2+)for achieving dendrite-free Zn deposition.In this way,the assembled Zn symmetric cell shows a long cycle life reaching 700 h at 0.2 mA cm^(−2).The exceptional biocompatibility of the hydrogels also results in cell viability assay with a survival rate above 93.5%.Overall,the proposed hydrogel electrolytes endow solid-state ZIBs with high discharge capacity,outstanding rate performance,long cycle life,good antifreeze capability,and impressive flexibility,useful features for future design and development of advanced ZIBs.
基金supported by the Qingdao Jiuhuanxinyue New Energy Technology Co.,Ltd.the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2021B1515120071)+2 种基金the 21C Innovation Laboratory,Contemporary Amperex Technology Ltd.(Grant No.21C-OP-202112)the financial support from the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2024A1515011873)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.JCYJ20220531095212027).
文摘Li metal is widely recognized as the desired anode for next-generation energy storage,Li metal batteries,due to its highest theoretical capacity and lowest potential.Nonetheless,it suffers from unstable electrochemical behaviors like dendrite growth and side reactions in practical application.Herein,we report a highly stable anode with collector,Li_(5)Mg@Cu,realized by the melting-rolling process.The Li_(5)Mg@Cu anode delivers ultrahigh cycle stability for 2000 and 1000 h at the current densities of 1 and 2 mA cm^(-2),respectively in symmetric cells.Meanwhile,the Li_(5)Mg@Cu|LFP cell exhibits a high-capacity retention of 91.8% for 1000 cycles and 78.8% for 2000 cycles at 1 C.Moreover,we investigate the suppression effects of Mg on the dendrite growth by studying the performance of Li_(x)Mg@Cu electrodes with different Mg contents(2.0-16.7 at%).The exchange current density,surface energy,Li^(+)diffusion coefficient,and chemical stability of Li_(x)Mg@Cu concretely reveal this improving suppression effect when Mg content becomes higher.In addition,a Mg-rich phase with“hollow brick”morphology forming in the high Mg content Li_(x)Mg@Cu guides the uniform deposition of Li.This study reveals the suppression effects of Mg on Li dendrites growth and offers a perspective for finding the optimal component of Li-Mg alloys.
基金financially supported by the Science Center for Gas Turbine Project(No.P2021-AB-Ⅳ-001-002).
文摘Secondary dendrite orientation and wall thickness considerably affect the stress rupture life of thin-walled samples.However,the effect of the secondary dendrite orientation on the thickness debit effect of nickel-based single-crystal superalloys has not been thoroughly investigated until now.Owing to geometrical constraints,typical sheet samples cannot reveal the mechanism responsible for the thickness debit effect in turbine blades.This study examined the effect of secondary dendrite orientation on the thickness debit effect of nickel-based single-crystal superalloys at 1100℃/137 MPa in tubular samples.As the wall thickness decreased from 1.5 mm to 0.3 mm,the stress rupture life decreased from approximately 170 h to 64 h,demonstrating a noticeable thickness debit effect.Among the different secondary dendrite orientation areas,the variation in plastic deformation difference increased from 7%(1.5 mm)to 45%(0.5 mm)and subsequently decreased to 4%(0.3 mm).In thinner samples,the thickness contraction and microstructure evolution were more pronounced in the[100]areas than that in the[110]and[210]areas.The theoretical calculation quantitatively indicated that for the effective stress increased,the contribution of plastic deformation(45%)was slightly lower than that of oxidation(55%)in 0.3 mm samples;nevertheless,plastic deformation played a prominent role in 0.5,0.8,1,and 1.5 mm samples and increased from 61%(0.5 mm samples)to 85%(1.5 mm samples).In thinner samples,the larger plastic deformation in the secondary dendrite orientation of the[100]areas and oxidation increased the effective stress,resulting in a shorter rupture life.These findings are conducive to the structural optimization and performance improvement of turbine blades.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U21A2044 and 52201060)CGN-USTB Joint Research and Development Center for Advanced Energy Materials and Service Safet.
文摘The effects of the Laves-decorated dendrite structure on the hydrogen-assisted cracking behavior of the SLM-718 alloy were investigated.The Laves phase exhibits a hydrogen desorption activation energy of 47.67±7.85 kJ mol^(-1).The results of in situ scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy and hydrogen microprint technique provide direct evidence of the hydrogen trapping by the Laves phase.The high-density dendrite walls consisting of entangled dislocations exhibit an inhibitory effect on hydrogen diffusion.Atomic-scale characterization reveals that dislocation stacking at the Laves/γ-matrix interface induces the formation of dislocation defects and a high-stress concentration in the Laves phase.The presence of hydrogen further promotes the formation of micropore defects and the embrittlement of the Laves phase.Hydrogen-promoted dislocation slip localization and hydrogen-induced reduction of interatomic bonding are the primary reasons for the Laves phase fracture and debonding at the Laves/γ-matrix interface.The coalescence of micropore defects ultimately leads to hydrogen-induced crack formation.
基金supported by the research grant of the Gyeongsang National University in 2024supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grants funded by the Korean Government(NRF-2022R1C1C1011386)。
文摘Lithium metal is a highly promising anode for next-generation rechargeable batteries due to its ultrahigh theoretical capacity(3860 mAh g^(-1))and the lowest electrochemical potential(-3.04 V vs.SHE).However,its practical application is hindered by dendritic growth,unstable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI),and electrically isolated"dead"lithium,which degrade cycling performance and safety.To mitigate these issues by lowering the local current density,three-dimensional(3D)porous scaffolds have been explored,yet their effectiveness remains limited due to the intrinsically lithiophobic nature of scaffold surfaces.Here,we present a facile and scalable strategy to construct 3D nickel scaffolds(NiOSc-400)with an oxygen-rich,lithiophilic NiO interface,using a two-step tunable surface modification route.NiOSc-400promotes uniform Li^(+)adsorption and nucleation,while facilitating the in-situ formation of a Li_(2)O-based quasi-SEI via a conversion reaction.NiOSc-400 exhibits excellent cycling stability with a Coulombic efficiency of 99.9%over 800 cycles at 0.5 mA cm^(-2)and maintains a low overpotential of 28.9 mV at 15 mA cm^(-2).This work provides a practically viable platform for dendrite-free,high-performance lithium metal anodes by rationally engineering interfacial chemistry and scaffold architecture.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52476053,No.22409209)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.3242017)。
文摘All-solid-state lithium metal batteries represent leading candidates for the next generation of highenergy-density rechargeable batteries.However,the coupled mechanisms governing dendrite growth and crack propagation within solid-state electrolytes(SSEs)remain inadequately understood.To address this knowledge gap,we propose an electrochemical-mechanical coupled phase-field model designed to simulate the complex processes of lithium deposition and crack propagation in SSEs.This framework systematically examines the influence of initial defect characteristics—including morphology,dimensions,and fracture toughness—on dendrite penetration dynamics.Furthermore,it identifies potential initiation pathways for detrimental lithium deposition within the electrolyte bulk.The model also quantifies the critical role of electrolyte elastic modulus and grain boundary orientation in modulating deposition behavior.Notably,simulation results demonstrate concordance with existing experimental observations,thereby establishing a fundamental theoretical framework for understanding failure mechanisms.This work provides crucial mechanistic insights and predictive capabilities to guide the rational design of failure-resistant SSEs for all-solid-state lithium metal batteries.
基金supported by the grants from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (Project Nos.C5031-20G)the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research (2023B0303000002)the high level of special funds (G03034K001)。
文摘Zinc metal anodes in aqueous batteries confront critical challenges from dendrite growth and side reactions at the electrode-electrolyte interface,where three phases coexist,including solid zinc metal,liquid electrolyte,and gaseous hydrogen bubbles.While hydrogen bubbles are conventionally perceived as detrimental byproducts,this study redefines their dual role through a phase-field model that resolves electrodeposition dynamics with multiphase interactions.Static hydrogen bubbles suppress dendrite formation beneath their shielded zones by blocking ion transport yet accelerate dendrite growth at bubble edges through electric field distortion and localized ion preservation,leading to an over 200 % increase in maximum dendrite length.Larger bubbles and closer proximity to the zinc surface amplify dendrite nucleation and elongation rates.In contrast,moving bubbles homogenize ion flux through hydrodynamic stirring,suppressing edge-localized dendrite growth.Lateral motion is more effective than vertical motion in dendrite suppression,reducing dendrite length by 53 % compared to static bubbles.Notably,oscillating bubbles combining lateral and vertical motion synergize ion blocking and preservation effects,which suppress dendrite growth more effectively,surpassing even bubble-free systems.By correlating bubble dynamics,including size,proximity,and mobility,with dendrite behavior,this work redefines hydrogen bubbles beyond mere byproducts to tunable design elements.Active bubble oscillation engineering strategies,such as ultrasonic agitation,can stabilize zinc electrodeposition by disrupting bubble adhesion and leveraging bubble dynamics.This work bridges multiphase interactions and interfacial deposition dynamics,offering pathways beyond conventional wisdom to mitigate dendrite growth and advance high-performance zinc batteries.
基金supported by the 2024 Capital Construction Funds within the Provincial Budget of Jilin Provincial Development and Reform Commission[2024C018-2].
文摘Traditional lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)employing liquid electrolytes face inherent safety risks,motivating the development of solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)like polyethylene oxide(PEO).However,pure PEO suffers from low room-temperature ionic conductivity and poor mechanical strength.Composite solid electrolytes(CSEs)incorporating inorganic filler offer promise but are hindered by poor interfacial compatibility.This study addresses this critical issue through surface engineering.Mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane(MPTMS)is used to modify garnet-type Li_(6.4)La_(3)Zr_(1.4)Ta_(0.6)O_(12)(LLZTO)particles,introducing thiol groups(-SH)onto their surface.Subsequently,thiol-functionalized LLZTO(LLZTO@MPTMS)participate in the insitu copolymerization of polyethylene glycol methyl methacrylate(PEGMEMA)and crosslinker polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate(PEGDMA),yielding a novel PEO-based CSE(PCSE).The effects of PEGMEMA molecular weight,PEGMEMA/PEGDMA ratio,and LLZTO@MPTMS content have been systematically examined to optimize the electrolyte.The resulting PCSE exhibits an ionic conductivity of 1.20×10^(-4)S·cm^(-1)at 30℃,a lithium-ion transference number of 0.36,and a wide electrochemical stability window up to 5.1 V(vs.Li^(+)/Li).Li/PCSE/Li symmetric cells demonstrate stable cycling for nearly 240 h at 0.05 mA·cm^(-2),indicating enhanced interface compatibility with lithium metal and effective dendrite suppression.Furthermore,LiFePO_(4)/PCSE/Li full cells deliver a high initial discharge capacity of 155.0 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.1 C and retain 76.0%capacity after 100 cycles,alongside excellent rate capability.These results confirm that the combined strategy of LLZTO surface modification with MPTMS and in-situ copolymerization effectively mitigates interfacial issues,presenting a promising material system for high-performance solid-state LIBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52374302 and 51874099)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province’s Key Project(No.2021J02031)+1 种基金support from the open fund from Academy of Carbon Neutrality of Fujian Normal University(No.TZH_(2)022-06)We also thank the Undergraduate Training Programs for Innovation and Entrepreneurship(No.cxx1-2024363)。
文摘The widespread application of solid-state polymer electrolytes(SPEs)is impeded due to their limited ionic conductivity,narrow electrochemical window and lithium dendrite problem.In this work,Mg-metal-organic frameworks(MOF)is incorporated into a polyethylene oxide(PEO)-based polymer solid electrolyte,leading to the insitu formation of LiF and other compounds at the electrolyte interface.This modification significantly improves lithium-ion transport capabilities and regulates lithium deposition behavior,suppressing the formation of lithium dendrites.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52401221)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(No.ZR2022QE014)+1 种基金the Basic Scientific Research Fund for Central Universities(No.202112018)the Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry(Ministry of Education)。
文摘Lithium(Li)metal is considered the most promising anode material for the next generation of secondary batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity and low potential.However,the application of Li anode in rechargeable Li metal batteries(LMBs)is hindered due to the short cycle life caused by uncontrolled dendrite growth.In this work,a dendrite-free anode(Li–Sn/Cu)is reinforced synergistically by lithophilic alloy,and a 3D grid structure is designed.Li^(+)diffusion and uniform nucleation are effectively induced by the lithophilic alloy Li_(22)Sn_(5).Moreover,homogeneous deposition of Li^(+)is caused by the reversible gridded Li plating/stripping effect of Cu mesh.Furthermore,the local space electric field is redistributed throughout the 3D conductive network,whereby the tip effect is suppressed,thus inhibiting the growth of Li dendrites.Also,the volume expansion of the anode during cycling is eased by the 3D grid structure.The results show that the Li–Sn/Cu symmetric battery can stably cycle for more than 10,000 h at 2 mA.cm^(-2)and 1 mAh.cm^(-2)with a low overpotential.The capacity retention of the LiFePO_(4)full battery remains above 90.7%after 1,000 cycles at 1C.This work provides a facile,low-cost,and effective strategy for obtaining Li metal batteries with ultra-long cycle life.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province of China(No.2023-JC-QN-0466)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52305421 and 52175363)+1 种基金the General Research Fund of Hong Kong(No.15223520)the project No.1-ZE1W from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
文摘Since the as-cast microstructure benefits dynamic recrystallization(DRX)nucleation,the present research is focused on the microstructure evolution associated with the dendrites and precipitates during the thermal deformation of an ingot without homogenization treatment aiming at exploring a new efficient strategy of ingot cogging for superalloys.The as-cast samples were deformed at the sub-solvus temperature,and the DRX evolution from dendritic arms(DAs)to inter-dendritic regions(IDRs)was discussed based on the observation of the fishnet-like DRX microstructures and the gradient of DRX grain size at IDRs.The difference in the precipitates at DAs and IDRs played an essential role during the deformation and DRX process,which finally resulted in very different microstructures in the two areas.A selective straininduced grain boundary bulging(SIGBB)mechanism was found to function well and dominate the DRX nucleation at DAs.The grain boundary was able to migrate and bulge to nucleate on the condition that the boundary was located at DAs and had a great difference in dislocation density between its opposite sides at the same time.As for DRX nucleation at IDRs,the particle-stimulated nucleation(PSN)mechanism played a leading role,and the progressive subgrain rotation(PSR)and geometric DRX were two important supplementary mechanisms.The dislocation accumulation around the coarse precipitates at IDR resulted in progressive orientation rotation,which would generate DRX nuclei once the maximum misorientation there was sufficient to form a high-angle boundary with the matrix.The PSR or geometric DRX functioned at the severely elongated IDRs at the later stage of deformation,depending on the thickness of the elongated IDRs.The uniform microstructure was obtained by the deformation without homogenization and the subsequent annealing treatment.The smaller strain,the lower annealing temperature,and the much shorter soaking time requested in the above process lead to a smaller risk of cracking and a lower consumption of energy during the ingot-cogging process.
基金supported by the Scientific Research and Technology Development Project of China National Petroleum Corporation(Grant Nos.2024ZG50,2022DQ03-03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52372252)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(Grant Nos.2024RC1022).
文摘Dendrite growth represents one of the most significant challenges that impede the development of aqueous zinc-ion batteries.Herein,Gd^(3+)ions are introduced into conventional electrolytes as a microlevelling agent to achieve dendrite-free zinc electrodeposition.Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that these Gd^(3+)ions are preferentially adsorbed onto the zinc surface,which enables dendritefree zinc anodes by activating the microlevelling effect during electrodeposition.In addition,the Gd^(3+)additives effectively inhibit side reactions and facilitate the desolvation of[Zn(H_(2)O)_(6)]^(2+),leading to highly reversible zinc plating/stripping.Due to these improvements,the zinc anode demonstrates a significantly prolonged cycle life of 2100 h and achieves an exceptional average Coulombic efficiency of 99.72%over 1400 cycles.More importantly,the Zn//NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10)full cell shows a high capacity retention rate of 85.6%after 1000 cycles.This work not only broadens the application of metallic cations in battery electrolytes but also provides fundamental insights into their working mechanisms.
基金supported by Yunnan Natural Science Foundation Project(No.202202AG050003)Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(Nos.202101BE070001-018 and 202201AT070070)+1 种基金the National Youth Talent Support Program of Yunnan Province China(No.YNQR-QNRC-2020-011)Yunnan Engineering Research Center Innovation Ability Construction and Enhancement Projects(No.2023-XMDJ-00617107)。
文摘Lithium metal has emerged as a highly promising anode material for enhancing the energy density of secondary batteries,attributed to its high theoretical specific capacity and low electrochemical potential.However,safety concerns related to lithium dendrite-induced short circuits and suboptimal electrochemical performance have impeded the commercial viability of lithium metal batteries.Current research efforts primarily focus on altering the solvated structure of Li+by modifying the current collector or introducing electrolyte additives to lower the nucleation barrier,expedite the desolvation process,and suppress the growth of lithium dendrites.Nevertheless,an integrated approach that combines the advantages of these two strategies remains elusive.In this study,we successfully employed metal-organic salt additives with lithophilic properties to accelerate the desolvation process,reduce the nucleation barrier of Li+,and modulate its solvated structure.This approach enhanced the inorganic compound content in the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)on lithium foil surfaces,leading to stable Li+deposition and stripping.Specifically,Li||Cu cells demonstrated excellent cycle life and Coulombic efficiency(97.28%and 98.59%,respectively)at 0.5 m A/cm^(2)@0.5 m Ah/cm^(2)and 1 m A/cm^(2)@1 m Ah/cm^(2)for 410 and 240 cycles,respectively.Li||Li symmetrical cells showed no short circuit at 1 m A/cm^(2)@1 m Ah/cm^(2)for 1150 h,and Li||LFP full cells retained 68.9%of their capacity(104.6 m Ah/g)after 250 cycles at N/P(1.1:1.0)with a current density of 1C.
基金the financial support from the 261Project of MIIT and Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20240179)。
文摘The ineluctable introduction of lithium salt to polymer solid-state electrolytes incurs a compromise between strength,ionic conductivity,and thickness.Here,we propose Al_(2)O_(3)-coated polyimide(AO/PI)porous film as a high-strength substrate to support fast-ion-conducting polymer-in-salt(PIS)solid-state electrolytes,aiming to suppress lithium dendrite growth and improve full-cell performance.The Al_(2)O_(3)coating layer not only refines the wettability of polyimide porous film to PIS,but also performs as a high modulus protective layer to suppress the growth of lithium dendrites.The resulting PI/AO@PIS exhibits a small thickness of only 35μm with an outstanding tensile strength of 11.3 MPa and Young's modulus of 537.6 MPa.In addition,the PI/AO@PIS delivers a high ionic conductivity of 0.1 m S/cm at 25°C.As a result,the PI/AO@PIS enables symmetric Li cells to achieve exceptional cyclability for over 1000 h at 0.1 m A/cm2without noticeable lithium dendrite formation.Moreover,the PI/AO@PIS-based LiFePO4||Li full cells demonstrate outstanding rate performance(125.7 m Ah/g at 5 C)and impressive cycling stability(96.1%capacity retention at 1 C after 200 cycles).This work highlights the efficacy of enhancing the mechanical properties of polymer matrices and extending cell performance through the incorporation of a dense inorganic interface layer.
