Dome A,in Antarctica,offers an exceptional site for ground-based infrared astronomy,with its extremely low atmospheric infrared background noise and excellent seeing conditions.However,deploying near-infrared telescop...Dome A,in Antarctica,offers an exceptional site for ground-based infrared astronomy,with its extremely low atmospheric infrared background noise and excellent seeing conditions.However,deploying near-infrared telescopes in the harsh environment of Antarctica faces the critical challenge of frost accumulation on optical mirrors.While indium tin oxide heating films effectively defrost visible-band Antarctic astronomical telescopes,their thermal radiation at infrared wavelengths introduces significant stray light,severely degrading the signal-to-noise ratio for infrared observations.To address this limitation,we have designed a mechanical snow-removal system capable of efficiently clearing frost from sealing window surfaces at temperatures as low as–80°C.Aperture photometry of target sources,Canopus and HD 2151,revealed that after six days without intervention,floating snow extinction reduced target brightness by up to 3 magnitudes.Following mechanical defrosting,the source flux recovered to stable levels,with measured magnitudes showing rapid initial improvement followed by stabilization.Data analysis indicates that a frost removal strategy operating every 48 h,with each operation consisting of 4–6 cycles,enables efficient removal of frost and snow without introducing additional thermal noise.Future work will focus on optimizing the adaptive control algorithm and exploring novel low-temperature defrosting materials to extend the periods during which Antarctic infrared telescopes can operate unattended.展开更多
To solve the fundamental problem of insufficient heat available during defrosting while ensuring the efficient and safe system operation for air-source heat pumps (ASHPs). A novel reverse-cycle defrosting (NRCD) metho...To solve the fundamental problem of insufficient heat available during defrosting while ensuring the efficient and safe system operation for air-source heat pumps (ASHPs). A novel reverse-cycle defrosting (NRCD) method based on thermal energy storage to eliminate frost off the outdoor coil surface was developed. Comparative experiments using both the stand reverse cycle defrosting (SRCD) method and the NRCD method were carried out on an experimental ASHP unit with a nominal 2.5 kW heating capacity. The results indicate that during defrosting operation, using the NRCD method improves discharge and suction pressures by 0.24 MPa and 0.19 MPa, respectively, shortens defrosting duration by 60%, and reduces the defrosting energy consumption by 48.1% in the experimental environment, compared with those by the use of SRCD method. Therefore, using the NRCD method can shorten the defrosting duration, improve the indoor thermal comfort, and reduce the defrosting energy consumption in defrosting.展开更多
Ice and frost buildup continuously pose significant challenges to multiple fields.As a promising de-icing/defrosting alternative,designing photothermal coatings that leverage on the abundant sunlight source on the ear...Ice and frost buildup continuously pose significant challenges to multiple fields.As a promising de-icing/defrosting alternative,designing photothermal coatings that leverage on the abundant sunlight source on the earth to facilitate ice/frost melting has attracted tremendous attention recently.However,previous designs suffered from either localized surface heating owing to the limited thermal conductivity or unsatisfied meltwater removal rate due to strong water/substrate interaction.Herein,we developed a facile approach to fabricate surfaces that combine photothermal,heat-conducting,and superhydrophobic properties into one to achieve efficient de-icing and defrosting.Featuring copper nanowire assemblies,such surfaces were fabricated via the simple template-assisted electrodeposition method,allowing us to tune the nanowire assembly geometry by adjusting the template dimensions and electrodeposition time.The highly ordered copper nanowire assemblies facilitated efficient sunlight absorption and lateral heat spreading,resulting in a fast overall temperature rise to enable the thawing of ice and frost.Further promoted by the excellent water repellency of the surface,the thawed ice and frost could be spontaneously and promptly removed.In this way,the all-in-one design enabled highly enhanced de-icing and defrosting performance compared to other nanostructured surfaces merely with superhydrophobicity,photothermal effect,or the combination of both.In particular,the defrosting efficiency could approach∼100%,which was the highest compared to previous studies.Overall,our approach demonstrates a promising path toward designing highly effective artificial deicing/defrosting surfaces.展开更多
A non invasive ultrasonic method is used to detect whether or not the frozen fish has suffered a partial or total accidental thawing. The time of flight and the peak to peak amplitude of the ultrasonic signals backsca...A non invasive ultrasonic method is used to detect whether or not the frozen fish has suffered a partial or total accidental thawing. The time of flight and the peak to peak amplitude of the ultrasonic signals backscattered by fish are recorded during thawing. The comparison of the evolution curves and images corresponding to first and second thawing shows indicators of accidental thawing. The monitoring of thawing process showed that its assessment can be reduced to the measurement of the water content lost by fish. The attempt to replace the original water lost by fish in first thawing is analyzed. The influence of the transducer frequency on fish thawing evaluation is tested.展开更多
基金supported by the Space Debris Research Project,China(KJSP2020010102)the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC2807300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12573081)。
文摘Dome A,in Antarctica,offers an exceptional site for ground-based infrared astronomy,with its extremely low atmospheric infrared background noise and excellent seeing conditions.However,deploying near-infrared telescopes in the harsh environment of Antarctica faces the critical challenge of frost accumulation on optical mirrors.While indium tin oxide heating films effectively defrost visible-band Antarctic astronomical telescopes,their thermal radiation at infrared wavelengths introduces significant stray light,severely degrading the signal-to-noise ratio for infrared observations.To address this limitation,we have designed a mechanical snow-removal system capable of efficiently clearing frost from sealing window surfaces at temperatures as low as–80°C.Aperture photometry of target sources,Canopus and HD 2151,revealed that after six days without intervention,floating snow extinction reduced target brightness by up to 3 magnitudes.Following mechanical defrosting,the source flux recovered to stable levels,with measured magnitudes showing rapid initial improvement followed by stabilization.Data analysis indicates that a frost removal strategy operating every 48 h,with each operation consisting of 4–6 cycles,enables efficient removal of frost and snow without introducing additional thermal noise.Future work will focus on optimizing the adaptive control algorithm and exploring novel low-temperature defrosting materials to extend the periods during which Antarctic infrared telescopes can operate unattended.
基金Project(50606007) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘To solve the fundamental problem of insufficient heat available during defrosting while ensuring the efficient and safe system operation for air-source heat pumps (ASHPs). A novel reverse-cycle defrosting (NRCD) method based on thermal energy storage to eliminate frost off the outdoor coil surface was developed. Comparative experiments using both the stand reverse cycle defrosting (SRCD) method and the NRCD method were carried out on an experimental ASHP unit with a nominal 2.5 kW heating capacity. The results indicate that during defrosting operation, using the NRCD method improves discharge and suction pressures by 0.24 MPa and 0.19 MPa, respectively, shortens defrosting duration by 60%, and reduces the defrosting energy consumption by 48.1% in the experimental environment, compared with those by the use of SRCD method. Therefore, using the NRCD method can shorten the defrosting duration, improve the indoor thermal comfort, and reduce the defrosting energy consumption in defrosting.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51836002 and 52006025)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (DUT22LAB601 and DUT22LAB610)
文摘Ice and frost buildup continuously pose significant challenges to multiple fields.As a promising de-icing/defrosting alternative,designing photothermal coatings that leverage on the abundant sunlight source on the earth to facilitate ice/frost melting has attracted tremendous attention recently.However,previous designs suffered from either localized surface heating owing to the limited thermal conductivity or unsatisfied meltwater removal rate due to strong water/substrate interaction.Herein,we developed a facile approach to fabricate surfaces that combine photothermal,heat-conducting,and superhydrophobic properties into one to achieve efficient de-icing and defrosting.Featuring copper nanowire assemblies,such surfaces were fabricated via the simple template-assisted electrodeposition method,allowing us to tune the nanowire assembly geometry by adjusting the template dimensions and electrodeposition time.The highly ordered copper nanowire assemblies facilitated efficient sunlight absorption and lateral heat spreading,resulting in a fast overall temperature rise to enable the thawing of ice and frost.Further promoted by the excellent water repellency of the surface,the thawed ice and frost could be spontaneously and promptly removed.In this way,the all-in-one design enabled highly enhanced de-icing and defrosting performance compared to other nanostructured surfaces merely with superhydrophobicity,photothermal effect,or the combination of both.In particular,the defrosting efficiency could approach∼100%,which was the highest compared to previous studies.Overall,our approach demonstrates a promising path toward designing highly effective artificial deicing/defrosting surfaces.
文摘A non invasive ultrasonic method is used to detect whether or not the frozen fish has suffered a partial or total accidental thawing. The time of flight and the peak to peak amplitude of the ultrasonic signals backscattered by fish are recorded during thawing. The comparison of the evolution curves and images corresponding to first and second thawing shows indicators of accidental thawing. The monitoring of thawing process showed that its assessment can be reduced to the measurement of the water content lost by fish. The attempt to replace the original water lost by fish in first thawing is analyzed. The influence of the transducer frequency on fish thawing evaluation is tested.
