Sinclair is regarded as the father of semantic prosody study,however,the term "semantic prosody" was proposed by another famous linguist——Louw in 1993.From then on,several linguists proposed the definition...Sinclair is regarded as the father of semantic prosody study,however,the term "semantic prosody" was proposed by another famous linguist——Louw in 1993.From then on,several linguists proposed the definitions for this term and thus the features of semantic prosody become progressively clear.展开更多
AIM: To provide appropriate treatment, it is crucial to share the clinical status of pancreas head cancer among multidisciplinary treatment members.METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the medical records of 113 patie...AIM: To provide appropriate treatment, it is crucial to share the clinical status of pancreas head cancer among multidisciplinary treatment members.METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the medical records of 113 patients who underwent surgery for pancreas head cancer from January 2008 to December 2012 was performed. We developed preoperative defining system of pancreatic head cancer by describing “resectability - tumor location - vascular relationship - adjacent organ involvement - preoperative CA19-9 (initial bilirubin level) - vascular anomaly”. The oncologic correlations with this reporting system were evaluated.RESULTS: Among 113 patients, there were 75 patients (66.4%) with resectable, 34 patients (30.1%) with borderline resectable, and 4 patients (3.5%) with locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Mean disease-free survival was 24.8 mo (95%CI: 19.6-30.1) with a 5-year disease-free survival rate of 13.5%. Pretreatment tumor size ≥ 2.4 cm [Exp(B) = 3.608, 95%CI: 1.512-8.609, P = 0.044] and radiologic vascular invasion [Exp(B) = 5.553, 95%CI: 2.269-14.589, P = 0.002] were independent predictive factors for neoadjuvant treatment. Borderline resectability [Exp(B) = 0.222, P = 0.008], pancreatic head cancer involving the pancreatic neck [Exp(B) = 9.461, P = 0.001] and arterial invasion [Exp(B) = 6.208, P = 0.010], and adjusted CA19-9 ≥ 50 [Exp(B) = 1.972 P = 0.019] were identified as prognostic clinical factors to predict tumor recurrence.CONCLUSION: The suggested preoperative defining system can help with designing treatment plans and also predict oncologic outcomes.展开更多
Meeting Summary Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder defined by the of a set of characteristic behavioral features. One of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, autism is recognized as heterogeneous in etio...Meeting Summary Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder defined by the of a set of characteristic behavioral features. One of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, autism is recognized as heterogeneous in etiology, phenotype, behavioral trajectory and response to treatment. While the etiology and specific pathogenetic mechanisms underlying autism are unknown, those mechanisms which underlie a small subset of etiologically-defined neurodevelopmental disorders （e.g., Fragile X Syndrome, tuberous sclerosis）, that are associated with autism and autistic behaviors, have been well described.展开更多
A distinct set of homoeologous cellulose synthase catalytic subunit(CesA) genes are coordinately up-regulated with the onset of secondary wall formation in cotton fiber as shown by quantitative-RT-
The scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM)is applied to the static analysis of two dimensional elasticity problem,boundary value problems domain with the domain completely described by a circular defining curve...The scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM)is applied to the static analysis of two dimensional elasticity problem,boundary value problems domain with the domain completely described by a circular defining curve. The scaled boundary finite element equations is formulated within a general framework integrating the influence of the distributed body force,general boundary conditions,and bounded and unbounded domain.This paper investigates the possibility of using exact geometry to form the exact description of the circular defining curve and the standard finite element shape function to approximate the defining curve.Three linear elasticity problems are presented to verify the proposed method with the analytical solution.Numerical examples show the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method,and the performance is found to be better than using standard linear element for the approximation defining curve on the scaled boundary method.展开更多
Non-traditional security, often abbreviated to NTS, is a popular but rather ambiguousconcept within and outside academic circles. How to accurately define this term? Whatshould be considered in prioritising the needs ...Non-traditional security, often abbreviated to NTS, is a popular but rather ambiguousconcept within and outside academic circles. How to accurately define this term? Whatshould be considered in prioritising the needs to curb various NTS threats, given a countryslimited resources and capacities? By raising thought-provoking questions, the author triesto explain the perplexity concerning NTS issues, arguing that NTS is important in economic,political and security sense, but that more efforts are needed from the academics in order toreach a consensus in understanding and dealing with NTS issues.展开更多
This paper presents an efficient and accurate numerical technique based upon the scaled boundary finite element method for the analysis of two-dimensional,linear,second-order,boundary value problems with a domain comp...This paper presents an efficient and accurate numerical technique based upon the scaled boundary finite element method for the analysis of two-dimensional,linear,second-order,boundary value problems with a domain completely described by a circular defining curve.The scaled boundary finite element formulation is established in a general framework allowing single-field and multi-field problems,bounded and unbounded bodies,distributed body source,and.general boundary conditions to be treated in a unified fashion.The conventional polar coordinates together with a properly selected scaling center are utilized to achieve the exact description of the circular defining curve,exact geometry of the domain,and exact spatial differential operators.Standard finite element shape functions are employed in the discretization of both trial and test functions in the circumferential direction and the resulting eigenproblem is solved by a selected efficient algorithm.The computational performance of the implemented procedure is then fully investigated for various scenarios to demonstrate the accuracy in comparison with standard linear elements.展开更多
We give a lower bound of the Loewy length of the projective cover of the trivial module for the group algebra kG of a finite group G of Lie type defined over a finite field of odd characteristic p, where k is an arbit...We give a lower bound of the Loewy length of the projective cover of the trivial module for the group algebra kG of a finite group G of Lie type defined over a finite field of odd characteristic p, where k is an arbitrary field of characteristic p. The proof uses Auslander-Reiten theory.展开更多
Classifying the middle class remains controversial despite its alleged growth China’s cities housed more than 230 million middle-class residents in 2009 or 37 percent of the urban population,according to the 2011 Blu...Classifying the middle class remains controversial despite its alleged growth China’s cities housed more than 230 million middle-class residents in 2009 or 37 percent of the urban population,according to the 2011 Blue Book of Cities in China released on August 3.展开更多
Dialogue of civilizations is a necessity as humanity pursues a shared future Communication and collaboration——the ability to listen, understand, then do something meaningful with the information provided through ope...Dialogue of civilizations is a necessity as humanity pursues a shared future Communication and collaboration——the ability to listen, understand, then do something meaningful with the information provided through openness and exchange——has been fundamental to the growth and development of the individual,societies, and humanity. It still remains.展开更多
White House’s decision to impose prohibitive tariffs on Chinese tires puts Sino-U.S. relations to the test Despite all of the stress points, both real and imagined, Sino-U.S. trade relations have held up remarkably w...White House’s decision to impose prohibitive tariffs on Chinese tires puts Sino-U.S. relations to the test Despite all of the stress points, both real and imagined, Sino-U.S. trade relations have held up remarkably well. Indeed,展开更多
Ascott Intemational is the largest serviced residence operator in the world. Managing the Ascott,Somerset and Citadines brands in over 60 cities across
Ascott International is the largest serviced residence operator in the world. Managing the Ascott, Somerset and Citadines brands in over 50 cities across 23 countries, Ascott International is renowned for its charming...Ascott International is the largest serviced residence operator in the world. Managing the Ascott, Somerset and Citadines brands in over 50 cities across 23 countries, Ascott International is renowned for its charming hospitality and luxurious residence. Each brand has its unique attributes to satisfy the needs of different vips.展开更多
When a community decides to target a planning effort at encourage arts and culture,it is important to understand that'arts and culture'as a term includes many different types of crafts.Today,when one thinks of...When a community decides to target a planning effort at encourage arts and culture,it is important to understand that'arts and culture'as a term includes many different types of crafts.Today,when one thinks of a community with a vibrant arts scene,that no longer means just a street lined with art galleries-it includes musicians and the local music scene they create,chefs,filmmakers,painters,screen-printers.展开更多
The notion of a“responsible China”was first put forward by former U.S. Deputy Secretary of State Robert Zoellick,when he said in an address in September 2005 that he hoped China would be a“stakeholder”with the Uni...The notion of a“responsible China”was first put forward by former U.S. Deputy Secretary of State Robert Zoellick,when he said in an address in September 2005 that he hoped China would be a“stakeholder”with the United States in the current international system and should take its responsibilities in international affairs.American and Western media picked up on the term and now China also refers to itself as a”responsible big nation." Although both sides speak of“responsibility,”they mean different things by it.In the view of Wu Jianmin,President of the International Bureau of Exhibitions and former Chinese Ambassador to France,China's “responsibilities”are mainly in the following areas:展开更多
Continuity is the foremost defining characteristic of Chinese civilization.It ensures that the evolution of this civilization respects the fine traditions and stays on the right course throughout its creative course.M...Continuity is the foremost defining characteristic of Chinese civilization.It ensures that the evolution of this civilization respects the fine traditions and stays on the right course throughout its creative course.Meanwhile,creativity imparts ceaseless vitality to this civilization,serving as the intrinsic propulsive force that fuels its evolution.The rise of Song Studies marks one of the symbolic events in the transformation in the Chinese ideological and cultural realm.It encapsulates the dialectical unity between continuity and creativity that characterizes Chinese civilization.Song Studies adhere to the traditional classic interpretations,center the core values around“benevolence,”and pursue the way of sages,which reflect the continuity of Chinese civilization.They also embody creativity.This is manifested in the emergence of a new academic spirit that emphasizes the seeking of truth and reason,a new academic ethos that involves questioning classics in the process of their dissemination and interpreting them with one’s own insight,as well as the fusion of philosophical speculation with social practice.Conducting an integrated analysis of the defining characteristics of Chinese civilization and the rise of Song Studies helps us gain a thorough understanding of the dialectical unity between the continuity and creativity of Chinese civilization through the interactions between history and reality.It also enables us to effectively address the relationship between inheritance and transformation,as well as between maintaining core values and pursuing creativity throughout its ongoing development.展开更多
Following the work of Li-Shi-Qing, we propose the definition of the relative volume function for an AH manifold. It is not a constant function in general and we study the regularity of this function. We use this funct...Following the work of Li-Shi-Qing, we propose the definition of the relative volume function for an AH manifold. It is not a constant function in general and we study the regularity of this function. We use this function to provide an accurate characterization of the height of the geodesic defining function for the AH manifold with a given boundary metric. Furthermore, it is shown that such functions are uniformly bounded from below at infinity and the bound only depends on the dimension. In the end, we apply this function to study the capacity of balls in AH manifolds and demonstrate that the “relative p—capacity function” coincides with the relative volume function under appropriate curvature conditions.展开更多
Link failure is a critical issue in large networks and must be effectively addressed.In software-defined networks(SDN),link failure recovery schemes can be categorized into proactive and reactive approaches.Reactive s...Link failure is a critical issue in large networks and must be effectively addressed.In software-defined networks(SDN),link failure recovery schemes can be categorized into proactive and reactive approaches.Reactive schemes have longer recovery times while proactive schemes provide faster recovery but overwhelm the memory of switches by flow entries.As SDN adoption grows,ensuring efficient recovery from link failures in the data plane becomes crucial.In particular,data center networks(DCNs)demand rapid recovery times and efficient resource utilization to meet carrier-grade requirements.This paper proposes an efficient Decentralized Failure Recovery(DFR)model for SDNs,meeting recovery time requirements and optimizing switch memory resource consumption.The DFR model enables switches to autonomously reroute traffic upon link failures without involving the controller,achieving fast recovery times while minimizing memory usage.DFR employs the Fast Failover Group in the OpenFlow standard for local recovery without requiring controller communication and utilizes the k-shortest path algorithm to proactively install backup paths,allowing immediate local recovery without controller intervention and enhancing overall network stability and scalability.DFR employs flow entry aggregation techniques to reduce switch memory usage.Instead of matching flow entries to the destination host’s MAC address,DFR matches packets to the destination switch’s MAC address.This reduces the switches’Ternary Content-Addressable Memory(TCAM)consumption.Additionally,DFR modifies Address Resolution Protocol(ARP)replies to provide source hosts with the destination switch’s MAC address,facilitating flow entry aggregation without affecting normal network operations.The performance of DFR is evaluated through the network emulator Mininet 2.3.1 and Ryu 3.1 as SDN controller.For different number of active flows,number of hosts per edge switch,and different network sizes,the proposed model outperformed various failure recovery models:restoration-based,protection by flow entries,protection by group entries and protection by Vlan-tagging model in terms of recovery time,switch memory consumption and controller overhead which represented the number of flow entry updates to recover from the failure.Experimental results demonstrate that DFR achieves recovery times under 20 milliseconds,satisfying carrier-grade requirements for rapid failure recovery.Additionally,DFR reduces switch memory usage by up to 95%compared to traditional protection methods and minimizes controller load by eliminating the need for controller intervention during failure recovery.Theresults underscore the efficiency and scalability of the DFR model,making it a practical solution for enhancing network resilience in SDN environments.展开更多
文摘Sinclair is regarded as the father of semantic prosody study,however,the term "semantic prosody" was proposed by another famous linguist——Louw in 1993.From then on,several linguists proposed the definitions for this term and thus the features of semantic prosody become progressively clear.
文摘AIM: To provide appropriate treatment, it is crucial to share the clinical status of pancreas head cancer among multidisciplinary treatment members.METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the medical records of 113 patients who underwent surgery for pancreas head cancer from January 2008 to December 2012 was performed. We developed preoperative defining system of pancreatic head cancer by describing “resectability - tumor location - vascular relationship - adjacent organ involvement - preoperative CA19-9 (initial bilirubin level) - vascular anomaly”. The oncologic correlations with this reporting system were evaluated.RESULTS: Among 113 patients, there were 75 patients (66.4%) with resectable, 34 patients (30.1%) with borderline resectable, and 4 patients (3.5%) with locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Mean disease-free survival was 24.8 mo (95%CI: 19.6-30.1) with a 5-year disease-free survival rate of 13.5%. Pretreatment tumor size ≥ 2.4 cm [Exp(B) = 3.608, 95%CI: 1.512-8.609, P = 0.044] and radiologic vascular invasion [Exp(B) = 5.553, 95%CI: 2.269-14.589, P = 0.002] were independent predictive factors for neoadjuvant treatment. Borderline resectability [Exp(B) = 0.222, P = 0.008], pancreatic head cancer involving the pancreatic neck [Exp(B) = 9.461, P = 0.001] and arterial invasion [Exp(B) = 6.208, P = 0.010], and adjusted CA19-9 ≥ 50 [Exp(B) = 1.972 P = 0.019] were identified as prognostic clinical factors to predict tumor recurrence.CONCLUSION: The suggested preoperative defining system can help with designing treatment plans and also predict oncologic outcomes.
文摘Meeting Summary Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder defined by the of a set of characteristic behavioral features. One of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, autism is recognized as heterogeneous in etiology, phenotype, behavioral trajectory and response to treatment. While the etiology and specific pathogenetic mechanisms underlying autism are unknown, those mechanisms which underlie a small subset of etiologically-defined neurodevelopmental disorders （e.g., Fragile X Syndrome, tuberous sclerosis）, that are associated with autism and autistic behaviors, have been well described.
文摘A distinct set of homoeologous cellulose synthase catalytic subunit(CesA) genes are coordinately up-regulated with the onset of secondary wall formation in cotton fiber as shown by quantitative-RT-
文摘The scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM)is applied to the static analysis of two dimensional elasticity problem,boundary value problems domain with the domain completely described by a circular defining curve. The scaled boundary finite element equations is formulated within a general framework integrating the influence of the distributed body force,general boundary conditions,and bounded and unbounded domain.This paper investigates the possibility of using exact geometry to form the exact description of the circular defining curve and the standard finite element shape function to approximate the defining curve.Three linear elasticity problems are presented to verify the proposed method with the analytical solution.Numerical examples show the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method,and the performance is found to be better than using standard linear element for the approximation defining curve on the scaled boundary method.
文摘Non-traditional security, often abbreviated to NTS, is a popular but rather ambiguousconcept within and outside academic circles. How to accurately define this term? Whatshould be considered in prioritising the needs to curb various NTS threats, given a countryslimited resources and capacities? By raising thought-provoking questions, the author triesto explain the perplexity concerning NTS issues, arguing that NTS is important in economic,political and security sense, but that more efforts are needed from the academics in order toreach a consensus in understanding and dealing with NTS issues.
文摘This paper presents an efficient and accurate numerical technique based upon the scaled boundary finite element method for the analysis of two-dimensional,linear,second-order,boundary value problems with a domain completely described by a circular defining curve.The scaled boundary finite element formulation is established in a general framework allowing single-field and multi-field problems,bounded and unbounded bodies,distributed body source,and.general boundary conditions to be treated in a unified fashion.The conventional polar coordinates together with a properly selected scaling center are utilized to achieve the exact description of the circular defining curve,exact geometry of the domain,and exact spatial differential operators.Standard finite element shape functions are employed in the discretization of both trial and test functions in the circumferential direction and the resulting eigenproblem is solved by a selected efficient algorithm.The computational performance of the implemented procedure is then fully investigated for various scenarios to demonstrate the accuracy in comparison with standard linear elements.
基金the Japan Society for Promotion of Science （JSPS）, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research （C）15K04776, 2015-2018, and by the CIB in EPFL. The second author was supported by the German Science Foundation （DFG） Scientific Priority Programme SPP-1489 ＂Algorithmic and Experimental Methods in Algebra, Geometry, and Number Theory＂.
文摘We give a lower bound of the Loewy length of the projective cover of the trivial module for the group algebra kG of a finite group G of Lie type defined over a finite field of odd characteristic p, where k is an arbitrary field of characteristic p. The proof uses Auslander-Reiten theory.
文摘Classifying the middle class remains controversial despite its alleged growth China’s cities housed more than 230 million middle-class residents in 2009 or 37 percent of the urban population,according to the 2011 Blue Book of Cities in China released on August 3.
文摘Dialogue of civilizations is a necessity as humanity pursues a shared future Communication and collaboration——the ability to listen, understand, then do something meaningful with the information provided through openness and exchange——has been fundamental to the growth and development of the individual,societies, and humanity. It still remains.
文摘White House’s decision to impose prohibitive tariffs on Chinese tires puts Sino-U.S. relations to the test Despite all of the stress points, both real and imagined, Sino-U.S. trade relations have held up remarkably well. Indeed,
文摘Ascott Intemational is the largest serviced residence operator in the world. Managing the Ascott,Somerset and Citadines brands in over 60 cities across
文摘Ascott International is the largest serviced residence operator in the world. Managing the Ascott, Somerset and Citadines brands in over 50 cities across 23 countries, Ascott International is renowned for its charming hospitality and luxurious residence. Each brand has its unique attributes to satisfy the needs of different vips.
文摘When a community decides to target a planning effort at encourage arts and culture,it is important to understand that'arts and culture'as a term includes many different types of crafts.Today,when one thinks of a community with a vibrant arts scene,that no longer means just a street lined with art galleries-it includes musicians and the local music scene they create,chefs,filmmakers,painters,screen-printers.
文摘The notion of a“responsible China”was first put forward by former U.S. Deputy Secretary of State Robert Zoellick,when he said in an address in September 2005 that he hoped China would be a“stakeholder”with the United States in the current international system and should take its responsibilities in international affairs.American and Western media picked up on the term and now China also refers to itself as a”responsible big nation." Although both sides speak of“responsibility,”they mean different things by it.In the view of Wu Jianmin,President of the International Bureau of Exhibitions and former Chinese Ambassador to France,China's “responsibilities”are mainly in the following areas:
基金a phased achievement of the“Research on Chinese Confucian Orthodoxy”(Project No.:17ZDA010),a major project of the National Social Science Fund of China.
文摘Continuity is the foremost defining characteristic of Chinese civilization.It ensures that the evolution of this civilization respects the fine traditions and stays on the right course throughout its creative course.Meanwhile,creativity imparts ceaseless vitality to this civilization,serving as the intrinsic propulsive force that fuels its evolution.The rise of Song Studies marks one of the symbolic events in the transformation in the Chinese ideological and cultural realm.It encapsulates the dialectical unity between continuity and creativity that characterizes Chinese civilization.Song Studies adhere to the traditional classic interpretations,center the core values around“benevolence,”and pursue the way of sages,which reflect the continuity of Chinese civilization.They also embody creativity.This is manifested in the emergence of a new academic spirit that emphasizes the seeking of truth and reason,a new academic ethos that involves questioning classics in the process of their dissemination and interpreting them with one’s own insight,as well as the fusion of philosophical speculation with social practice.Conducting an integrated analysis of the defining characteristics of Chinese civilization and the rise of Song Studies helps us gain a thorough understanding of the dialectical unity between the continuity and creativity of Chinese civilization through the interactions between history and reality.It also enables us to effectively address the relationship between inheritance and transformation,as well as between maintaining core values and pursuing creativity throughout its ongoing development.
文摘Following the work of Li-Shi-Qing, we propose the definition of the relative volume function for an AH manifold. It is not a constant function in general and we study the regularity of this function. We use this function to provide an accurate characterization of the height of the geodesic defining function for the AH manifold with a given boundary metric. Furthermore, it is shown that such functions are uniformly bounded from below at infinity and the bound only depends on the dimension. In the end, we apply this function to study the capacity of balls in AH manifolds and demonstrate that the “relative p—capacity function” coincides with the relative volume function under appropriate curvature conditions.
文摘Link failure is a critical issue in large networks and must be effectively addressed.In software-defined networks(SDN),link failure recovery schemes can be categorized into proactive and reactive approaches.Reactive schemes have longer recovery times while proactive schemes provide faster recovery but overwhelm the memory of switches by flow entries.As SDN adoption grows,ensuring efficient recovery from link failures in the data plane becomes crucial.In particular,data center networks(DCNs)demand rapid recovery times and efficient resource utilization to meet carrier-grade requirements.This paper proposes an efficient Decentralized Failure Recovery(DFR)model for SDNs,meeting recovery time requirements and optimizing switch memory resource consumption.The DFR model enables switches to autonomously reroute traffic upon link failures without involving the controller,achieving fast recovery times while minimizing memory usage.DFR employs the Fast Failover Group in the OpenFlow standard for local recovery without requiring controller communication and utilizes the k-shortest path algorithm to proactively install backup paths,allowing immediate local recovery without controller intervention and enhancing overall network stability and scalability.DFR employs flow entry aggregation techniques to reduce switch memory usage.Instead of matching flow entries to the destination host’s MAC address,DFR matches packets to the destination switch’s MAC address.This reduces the switches’Ternary Content-Addressable Memory(TCAM)consumption.Additionally,DFR modifies Address Resolution Protocol(ARP)replies to provide source hosts with the destination switch’s MAC address,facilitating flow entry aggregation without affecting normal network operations.The performance of DFR is evaluated through the network emulator Mininet 2.3.1 and Ryu 3.1 as SDN controller.For different number of active flows,number of hosts per edge switch,and different network sizes,the proposed model outperformed various failure recovery models:restoration-based,protection by flow entries,protection by group entries and protection by Vlan-tagging model in terms of recovery time,switch memory consumption and controller overhead which represented the number of flow entry updates to recover from the failure.Experimental results demonstrate that DFR achieves recovery times under 20 milliseconds,satisfying carrier-grade requirements for rapid failure recovery.Additionally,DFR reduces switch memory usage by up to 95%compared to traditional protection methods and minimizes controller load by eliminating the need for controller intervention during failure recovery.Theresults underscore the efficiency and scalability of the DFR model,making it a practical solution for enhancing network resilience in SDN environments.
