Objective:Skin wound exposed to complex external environment for a long time is highly susceptible to bacterial infection.Impact Statement:This work designs a Janus adhesive dual-layer hydrogel containing in situ silv...Objective:Skin wound exposed to complex external environment for a long time is highly susceptible to bacterial infection.Impact Statement:This work designs a Janus adhesive dual-layer hydrogel containing in situ silver nanoparticles(named PSAP/DXP@AgNPs)with integrated attack and defense to simultaneously kill the existing bacteria and prevent foreign bacterial contamination.Introduction:The current gauze dressing fixed by tape fails to well fit at skin wound and lacks intrinsic antibacterial property,making it highly prone to causing secondary infection.Moreover,foreign bacteria may contaminate the wound dressing during use,further increasing the risk of secondary infection.Methods:In this work,a Janus adhesive dual-layer PSAP/DXP@AgNPs hydrogel is prepared by sequentially building the PSAP gel layer containing zwitterionic poly(sulfobetaine methacrylamide)(PSBMA)on the DXP@AgNPs gel layer containing in situ catechol-reduced AgNPs.Results:The flexible PSAP/DXP@AgNPs can adapt shape change of skin and adhere to skin tissue with interfacial toughness of 153.38 J m^(−2) relying on its DXP@AgNPs layer,which is beneficial to build favorable fit.The in situ reduced AgNPs released from the DXP@AgNPs layer of PSAP/DXP@AgNPs exhibit obvious antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus,with antibacterial rates of 99%and 88%,respectively.Meanwhile,the hydrated PSAP layer of PSAP/DXP@AgNPs containing PSBMA is able to prevent the bacterial contamination,decreasing the risk of secondary infection.Besides,cell experiments demonstrate that PSAP/DXP@AgNPs is biocompatible.Conclusion:The PSAP/DXP@AgNPs hydrogel with integrated attack and defense simultaneously possessing bacteria-killing and bacteria-antifouling properties is a potential alternative in treating infected skin wound.展开更多
Flower-infecting fungi have caused many economically important diseases in crop production.The fungal pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens infects developing rice florets,causing false smut disease,which leads to reduced gr...Flower-infecting fungi have caused many economically important diseases in crop production.The fungal pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens infects developing rice florets,causing false smut disease,which leads to reduced grain yield and quality,as well as contamination with mycotoxins that pose hazards to human health and food security.To ensure rice production,substantial efforts have been made to understand the interaction between rice and U.virens.In this review,we summarize the current understanding of rice resistance mechanisms to U.virens.We discuss the evaluation of false smut resistance,quantitative resistance loci,potential defense strategies of rice panicles,pathogen effector-driven identification of resistance-related genes,and engineering of false smut resistance.We conclude by proposing an integrated defense system that includes disease avoidance,immune response,metabolic adaptation,and the inhibition of susceptibility factors.Furthermore,we outline four critical stages of interaction between rice and U.virens that are essential for understanding and enhancing organ-specific rice resistance to false smut disease.展开更多
To develop an efficient thrombolytic therapy approach that addresses the limitations of current fibrinolytic drugs, such as short half-life, weak thrombus specificity and poor penetration ability, we constructed a NIR...To develop an efficient thrombolytic therapy approach that addresses the limitations of current fibrinolytic drugs, such as short half-life, weak thrombus specificity and poor penetration ability, we constructed a NIR-triggered detachable nanoplatform (PA/UK@IcpLipo) using thin-film hydration method. It was designed to integrate attack and defense mechanisms for thrombolytic therapy. This platform can actively identify thrombi by binding to GPIIb-IIIa receptors overexpressed on activated platelets. Upon NIR laser activation and interaction with thrombin in the thrombotic microenvironment, the thermosensitive liposomes rupture, releasing the PA/UK core for deep penetration into the thrombus. Our results showed that the PA/UK@IcpLipo nanoplatform efficiently promoted rapid thrombolysis under the action of UK (attack), followed by PA exerting an antiplatelet aggregation effect (defense). This dual-action approach significantly improved vascular reperfusion rates. The NIR-triggered detachable nanoplatform offered a promising solution for enhanced thrombolysis efficiency and reduced bleeding risk, addressing critical limitations of current fibrinolytic therapies.展开更多
The fire distribution can be divided into weapon assignment and firing time scheduling. The criterion of weapon allocation is that a target with greater threat has higher priority. And the criterion of firing time sch...The fire distribution can be divided into weapon assignment and firing time scheduling. The criterion of weapon allocation is that a target with greater threat has higher priority. And the criterion of firing time scheduling is that a target can be damaged with the expected probability before a specific time. A fire distribution scheme and a program for the integrated missile-gun air defense system based on a criterion of earlier damage were presented. An example was taken to illustrate its effectiveness.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.52073191,U22A20158,and 52303194)State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering(grant no.sklpme 2023-2-16).
文摘Objective:Skin wound exposed to complex external environment for a long time is highly susceptible to bacterial infection.Impact Statement:This work designs a Janus adhesive dual-layer hydrogel containing in situ silver nanoparticles(named PSAP/DXP@AgNPs)with integrated attack and defense to simultaneously kill the existing bacteria and prevent foreign bacterial contamination.Introduction:The current gauze dressing fixed by tape fails to well fit at skin wound and lacks intrinsic antibacterial property,making it highly prone to causing secondary infection.Moreover,foreign bacteria may contaminate the wound dressing during use,further increasing the risk of secondary infection.Methods:In this work,a Janus adhesive dual-layer PSAP/DXP@AgNPs hydrogel is prepared by sequentially building the PSAP gel layer containing zwitterionic poly(sulfobetaine methacrylamide)(PSBMA)on the DXP@AgNPs gel layer containing in situ catechol-reduced AgNPs.Results:The flexible PSAP/DXP@AgNPs can adapt shape change of skin and adhere to skin tissue with interfacial toughness of 153.38 J m^(−2) relying on its DXP@AgNPs layer,which is beneficial to build favorable fit.The in situ reduced AgNPs released from the DXP@AgNPs layer of PSAP/DXP@AgNPs exhibit obvious antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus,with antibacterial rates of 99%and 88%,respectively.Meanwhile,the hydrated PSAP layer of PSAP/DXP@AgNPs containing PSBMA is able to prevent the bacterial contamination,decreasing the risk of secondary infection.Besides,cell experiments demonstrate that PSAP/DXP@AgNPs is biocompatible.Conclusion:The PSAP/DXP@AgNPs hydrogel with integrated attack and defense simultaneously possessing bacteria-killing and bacteria-antifouling properties is a potential alternative in treating infected skin wound.
基金supported by grants from the Sichuan Natural Science Foundation(2024NSFSC0335 and SCCXTD-2024-SD-4 to D.-Q.L.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372490 and 32072503 to J.F.)。
文摘Flower-infecting fungi have caused many economically important diseases in crop production.The fungal pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens infects developing rice florets,causing false smut disease,which leads to reduced grain yield and quality,as well as contamination with mycotoxins that pose hazards to human health and food security.To ensure rice production,substantial efforts have been made to understand the interaction between rice and U.virens.In this review,we summarize the current understanding of rice resistance mechanisms to U.virens.We discuss the evaluation of false smut resistance,quantitative resistance loci,potential defense strategies of rice panicles,pathogen effector-driven identification of resistance-related genes,and engineering of false smut resistance.We conclude by proposing an integrated defense system that includes disease avoidance,immune response,metabolic adaptation,and the inhibition of susceptibility factors.Furthermore,we outline four critical stages of interaction between rice and U.virens that are essential for understanding and enhancing organ-specific rice resistance to false smut disease.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82102918)。
文摘To develop an efficient thrombolytic therapy approach that addresses the limitations of current fibrinolytic drugs, such as short half-life, weak thrombus specificity and poor penetration ability, we constructed a NIR-triggered detachable nanoplatform (PA/UK@IcpLipo) using thin-film hydration method. It was designed to integrate attack and defense mechanisms for thrombolytic therapy. This platform can actively identify thrombi by binding to GPIIb-IIIa receptors overexpressed on activated platelets. Upon NIR laser activation and interaction with thrombin in the thrombotic microenvironment, the thermosensitive liposomes rupture, releasing the PA/UK core for deep penetration into the thrombus. Our results showed that the PA/UK@IcpLipo nanoplatform efficiently promoted rapid thrombolysis under the action of UK (attack), followed by PA exerting an antiplatelet aggregation effect (defense). This dual-action approach significantly improved vascular reperfusion rates. The NIR-triggered detachable nanoplatform offered a promising solution for enhanced thrombolysis efficiency and reduced bleeding risk, addressing critical limitations of current fibrinolytic therapies.
基金Sponsored by Jiangsu Planned Project for Postdoctoral (0901014B)
文摘The fire distribution can be divided into weapon assignment and firing time scheduling. The criterion of weapon allocation is that a target with greater threat has higher priority. And the criterion of firing time scheduling is that a target can be damaged with the expected probability before a specific time. A fire distribution scheme and a program for the integrated missile-gun air defense system based on a criterion of earlier damage were presented. An example was taken to illustrate its effectiveness.
