Loss-of-function variants of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5(LRP5)can lead to reduced bone formation,culminating in diminished bone mass.Our previous study reported transcription factor osterix(SP7)...Loss-of-function variants of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5(LRP5)can lead to reduced bone formation,culminating in diminished bone mass.Our previous study reported transcription factor osterix(SP7)-binding sites on the LRP5 promoter and its pivotal role in upregulating LRP5 expression during implant osseointegration.However,the potential role of SP7 in ameliorating LRP5-dependent osteoporosis remained unknown.In this study,we used mice with a conditional knockout(c KO)of LRP5 in mature osteoblasts,which presented decreased osteogenesis.The in vitro experimental results showed that SP7 could promote LRP5 expression,thereby upregulating the osteogenic markers such as alkaline phosphatase(ALP),Runt-related transcription factor 2(Runx2),andβ-catenin(P<0.05).For the in vivo experiment,the SP7 overexpression virus was injected into a bone defect model of LRP5 c KO mice,resulting in increased bone mineral density(BMD)(P<0.001)and volumetric density(bone volume(BV)/total volume(TV))(P<0.001),and decreased trabecular separation(Tb.Sp)(P<0.05).These data suggested that SP7 could ameliorate bone defect healing in LRP5 c KO mice.Our study provides new insights into potential therapeutic opportunities for ameliorating LRP5-dependent osteoporosis.展开更多
Graphene has attracted immense investigation since its discovery.Lattice imperfections are introduced into graphene unavoidably during graphene growth or processing.These structural defects are known to significantly ...Graphene has attracted immense investigation since its discovery.Lattice imperfections are introduced into graphene unavoidably during graphene growth or processing.These structural defects are known to significantly affect electronic and chemical properties of graphene.A comprehensive understanding of graphene defect is thus of critical importance.Here we review the major progresses made in defectrelated engineering of graphene.Firstly,we give a brief introduction on the types of defects in graphene.Secondly,the generation and healing of the graphene defects are summarized.Then,the effects of defects on the chemical,electronic,magnetic,and mechanical properties of graphene are discussed.Finally,we address the associated challenges and prospects on the future study of defects in graphene and other nanocarbon materials.展开更多
Bone wound healing is a highly dynamic and precisely controlled process through which damaged bone undergoes repair and complete regeneration. External factors can alter this process, leading to delayed or failed bone...Bone wound healing is a highly dynamic and precisely controlled process through which damaged bone undergoes repair and complete regeneration. External factors can alter this process, leading to delayed or failed bone wound healing. The findings of recent studies suggest that the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs) can reduce bone mass, precipitate osteoporotic fractures and increase the rate of dental implant failure. With 10% of Americans prescribed antidepressants, the potential of SSRIs to impair bone healing may adversely affect millions of patients’ ability to heal after sustaining trauma. Here, we investigate the effect of the SSRI sertraline on bone healing through pre-treatment with(10 mg·kg-1sertraline in drinking water, n = 26) or without(control, n = 30) SSRI followed by the creation of a 5-mm calvarial defect. Animals were randomized into three surgical groups:(a) empty/sham,(b) implanted with a DermaMatrix scaffold soak-loaded with sterile PBS or(c) DermaMatrix soak-loaded with542.5 ng BMP2. SSRI exposure continued until sacrifice in the exposed groups at 4 weeks after surgery. Sertraline exposure resulted in decreased bone healing with significant decreases in trabecular thickness, trabecular number and osteoclast dysfunction while significantly increasing mature collagen fiber formation. These findings indicate that sertraline exposure can impair bone wound healing through disruption of bone repair and regeneration while promoting or defaulting to scar formation within the defect site.展开更多
The impact of orthopedic scaffolds on bone defect healing,particularly the late-stage bone remodeling process,is pivotal for the therapeutic outcome.This study applies fadditively manufactured scaffolds composed of hy...The impact of orthopedic scaffolds on bone defect healing,particularly the late-stage bone remodeling process,is pivotal for the therapeutic outcome.This study applies fadditively manufactured scaffolds composed of hydroxyapatite-doped poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactide-co-glycolide)(HAPELGA)with varying properties to treat rat calvarial defects,elucidating their significant role in bone remodeling by modulating physiological responses.We engineered two scaffolds with different polylactic acid(PLA)to polyglycolic acid(PGA)ratio(9/1 and 18/1)to vary in hydrophobicity,degradation rate,mechanical properties,and structural stability.These variations influenced physiological responses,including osteogenesis,angiogen-esis,and immune reactions,thereby guiding bone remodeling.Our findings show that the HA-PELGA(18/1)scaffold,with a slower degradation rate,supported bulk bone formation due to a stable microenvironment.Conversely,the HA-PELGA(9/1)scaffold,with a faster degradation rate and more active interfaces,facilitated the formation of a thin bone layer and higher bone infiltration.This study demonstrates these degradable scaffolds help to promote bone healing and reveals how scaffold properties influence the bone remodeling process,offering a potential strategy to optimize scaffold design aiming at late-stage bone defect healing.展开更多
Subject Code:H10With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,National Key Research and Development Program of China,and National Program for Support of Top-Notch Young Professionals,the researc...Subject Code:H10With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,National Key Research and Development Program of China,and National Program for Support of Top-Notch Young Professionals,the research team led by Prof.Lai Yuping(赖玉平)at Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology,School of Life Sciences,East China Normal University,uncovered a critical role of regenerating islet-展开更多
Surface passivation with organic materials is one of the most effective and popular strategies to improve the stability and efficiency of perovskite solar cells(PSCs). However, the secondary bonding formed between org...Surface passivation with organic materials is one of the most effective and popular strategies to improve the stability and efficiency of perovskite solar cells(PSCs). However, the secondary bonding formed between organic molecules and perovskite layers is still not strong enough to protect the perovskite absorber from degradation initialized by oxygen and water attacking at defects. Recently, passivation with inorganic materials has gradually been favored by researchers due to the effectiveness of chemical and mechanical passivation. Lead-containing substances, alkali metal halides, transition elements, oxides,hydrophobic substances, etc. have already been applied to the surface and interfacial passivation of PSCs.These inorganic substances mainly manipulate the nucleation and crystallization process of perovskite absorbers by chemically passivating defects along grain boundaries and surface or forming a mechanically protective layer simultaneously to prevent the penetration of moisture and oxygen, thereby improving the stability and efficiency of the PSCs. Herein, we mainly summarize inorganic passivating materials and their individual passivation principles and methods. Finally, this review offers a personal perspective for future research trends in the development of passivation strategies through inorganic materials.展开更多
Corneal ulcers,especially of fungal origin,are a relatively common clinical entity within the spectrum of keratitis in tropical countries.The persistence of a non-healing epithelial defect is a known complication of t...Corneal ulcers,especially of fungal origin,are a relatively common clinical entity within the spectrum of keratitis in tropical countries.The persistence of a non-healing epithelial defect is a known complication of these ulcers.Despite advances in medical therapy,the management of this condition is still challenging.CACICOL20^(®)is a new ophthalmic matrix therapy that has been proved efficient as a corneal healing agent.To the best of our knowledge there have been reports of the limited use of matrix therapy in ocular healing,specifically in fungal keratitis.We report 2 cases of the efficacy of it as an adjuvant to topical amphotericin B in treating non-healing epithelial defects secondary to fungal corneal ulcers.展开更多
While it is well-known that the plasma- enhanced catalytic chemical vapor deposition （PECVD） of carbon nanotubes （CNTs） offers a number of advantages over thermal CVD, the influence of the various individual contr...While it is well-known that the plasma- enhanced catalytic chemical vapor deposition （PECVD） of carbon nanotubes （CNTs） offers a number of advantages over thermal CVD, the influence of the various individual contributing factors is not well understood. Especially the role of ions is unclear, since ions in plasmas are generally associated with sputtering rather than with growing a material. Even so, various studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of ion bombardment during the growth of CNTs. This review looks at the role of the ions in plasma- enhanced CNT growth as deduced from both experimental and simulation studies. Specific attention is paid to the beneficial effects of ion bombardment. Based on the available literature, it can be concluded that ions can be either beneficial or detrimental for carbon nanotube growth, depending on the exact conditions and the control over the growth process.展开更多
文摘Loss-of-function variants of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5(LRP5)can lead to reduced bone formation,culminating in diminished bone mass.Our previous study reported transcription factor osterix(SP7)-binding sites on the LRP5 promoter and its pivotal role in upregulating LRP5 expression during implant osseointegration.However,the potential role of SP7 in ameliorating LRP5-dependent osteoporosis remained unknown.In this study,we used mice with a conditional knockout(c KO)of LRP5 in mature osteoblasts,which presented decreased osteogenesis.The in vitro experimental results showed that SP7 could promote LRP5 expression,thereby upregulating the osteogenic markers such as alkaline phosphatase(ALP),Runt-related transcription factor 2(Runx2),andβ-catenin(P<0.05).For the in vivo experiment,the SP7 overexpression virus was injected into a bone defect model of LRP5 c KO mice,resulting in increased bone mineral density(BMD)(P<0.001)and volumetric density(bone volume(BV)/total volume(TV))(P<0.001),and decreased trabecular separation(Tb.Sp)(P<0.05).These data suggested that SP7 could ameliorate bone defect healing in LRP5 c KO mice.Our study provides new insights into potential therapeutic opportunities for ameliorating LRP5-dependent osteoporosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21276257 and 2110600)the Research Foundation for Youth Scholars of Beijing Technology and Business University(No.QNJJ2014-14)
文摘Graphene has attracted immense investigation since its discovery.Lattice imperfections are introduced into graphene unavoidably during graphene growth or processing.These structural defects are known to significantly affect electronic and chemical properties of graphene.A comprehensive understanding of graphene defect is thus of critical importance.Here we review the major progresses made in defectrelated engineering of graphene.Firstly,we give a brief introduction on the types of defects in graphene.Secondly,the generation and healing of the graphene defects are summarized.Then,the effects of defects on the chemical,electronic,magnetic,and mechanical properties of graphene are discussed.Finally,we address the associated challenges and prospects on the future study of defects in graphene and other nanocarbon materials.
基金supported by a grant from the Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation (JC)the National Institute of Health, the National Institute of Aging [NIH-NIA PO1-AG036675] (ME, WDH)+4 种基金in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA Merit Award BX000333, ACL 1I01CX000930-01, WDH)funded through a training grant from the National Institutes of Health National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research [5T32DE017551]S.H. is funded through a fellowship from the National Institutes of Health National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research [5F32DE02471202]supported by the National Institutes of Health National Institute of General Medicine [P30GM103331]
文摘Bone wound healing is a highly dynamic and precisely controlled process through which damaged bone undergoes repair and complete regeneration. External factors can alter this process, leading to delayed or failed bone wound healing. The findings of recent studies suggest that the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs) can reduce bone mass, precipitate osteoporotic fractures and increase the rate of dental implant failure. With 10% of Americans prescribed antidepressants, the potential of SSRIs to impair bone healing may adversely affect millions of patients’ ability to heal after sustaining trauma. Here, we investigate the effect of the SSRI sertraline on bone healing through pre-treatment with(10 mg·kg-1sertraline in drinking water, n = 26) or without(control, n = 30) SSRI followed by the creation of a 5-mm calvarial defect. Animals were randomized into three surgical groups:(a) empty/sham,(b) implanted with a DermaMatrix scaffold soak-loaded with sterile PBS or(c) DermaMatrix soak-loaded with542.5 ng BMP2. SSRI exposure continued until sacrifice in the exposed groups at 4 weeks after surgery. Sertraline exposure resulted in decreased bone healing with significant decreases in trabecular thickness, trabecular number and osteoclast dysfunction while significantly increasing mature collagen fiber formation. These findings indicate that sertraline exposure can impair bone wound healing through disruption of bone repair and regeneration while promoting or defaulting to scar formation within the defect site.
文摘The impact of orthopedic scaffolds on bone defect healing,particularly the late-stage bone remodeling process,is pivotal for the therapeutic outcome.This study applies fadditively manufactured scaffolds composed of hydroxyapatite-doped poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactide-co-glycolide)(HAPELGA)with varying properties to treat rat calvarial defects,elucidating their significant role in bone remodeling by modulating physiological responses.We engineered two scaffolds with different polylactic acid(PLA)to polyglycolic acid(PGA)ratio(9/1 and 18/1)to vary in hydrophobicity,degradation rate,mechanical properties,and structural stability.These variations influenced physiological responses,including osteogenesis,angiogen-esis,and immune reactions,thereby guiding bone remodeling.Our findings show that the HA-PELGA(18/1)scaffold,with a slower degradation rate,supported bulk bone formation due to a stable microenvironment.Conversely,the HA-PELGA(9/1)scaffold,with a faster degradation rate and more active interfaces,facilitated the formation of a thin bone layer and higher bone infiltration.This study demonstrates these degradable scaffolds help to promote bone healing and reveals how scaffold properties influence the bone remodeling process,offering a potential strategy to optimize scaffold design aiming at late-stage bone defect healing.
文摘Subject Code:H10With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,National Key Research and Development Program of China,and National Program for Support of Top-Notch Young Professionals,the research team led by Prof.Lai Yuping(赖玉平)at Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology,School of Life Sciences,East China Normal University,uncovered a critical role of regenerating islet-
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (61874167 and 61674084)the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFB1500105)+5 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universitiesthe Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City (17JCYBJC41400)the Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science & Technology of Ministry of Education of China (2017KFKT014)the 111 Project (B16027)the International Cooperation Base (2016D01025)Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Center。
文摘Surface passivation with organic materials is one of the most effective and popular strategies to improve the stability and efficiency of perovskite solar cells(PSCs). However, the secondary bonding formed between organic molecules and perovskite layers is still not strong enough to protect the perovskite absorber from degradation initialized by oxygen and water attacking at defects. Recently, passivation with inorganic materials has gradually been favored by researchers due to the effectiveness of chemical and mechanical passivation. Lead-containing substances, alkali metal halides, transition elements, oxides,hydrophobic substances, etc. have already been applied to the surface and interfacial passivation of PSCs.These inorganic substances mainly manipulate the nucleation and crystallization process of perovskite absorbers by chemically passivating defects along grain boundaries and surface or forming a mechanically protective layer simultaneously to prevent the penetration of moisture and oxygen, thereby improving the stability and efficiency of the PSCs. Herein, we mainly summarize inorganic passivating materials and their individual passivation principles and methods. Finally, this review offers a personal perspective for future research trends in the development of passivation strategies through inorganic materials.
基金Supported by Universiti Sains Malaysia Study Grant(Grant No.304/PPSP/6139048).
文摘Corneal ulcers,especially of fungal origin,are a relatively common clinical entity within the spectrum of keratitis in tropical countries.The persistence of a non-healing epithelial defect is a known complication of these ulcers.Despite advances in medical therapy,the management of this condition is still challenging.CACICOL20^(®)is a new ophthalmic matrix therapy that has been proved efficient as a corneal healing agent.To the best of our knowledge there have been reports of the limited use of matrix therapy in ocular healing,specifically in fungal keratitis.We report 2 cases of the efficacy of it as an adjuvant to topical amphotericin B in treating non-healing epithelial defects secondary to fungal corneal ulcers.
文摘While it is well-known that the plasma- enhanced catalytic chemical vapor deposition （PECVD） of carbon nanotubes （CNTs） offers a number of advantages over thermal CVD, the influence of the various individual contributing factors is not well understood. Especially the role of ions is unclear, since ions in plasmas are generally associated with sputtering rather than with growing a material. Even so, various studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of ion bombardment during the growth of CNTs. This review looks at the role of the ions in plasma- enhanced CNT growth as deduced from both experimental and simulation studies. Specific attention is paid to the beneficial effects of ion bombardment. Based on the available literature, it can be concluded that ions can be either beneficial or detrimental for carbon nanotube growth, depending on the exact conditions and the control over the growth process.
