Background: Defaulting from Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS) is a big challenge to the effective control of TB. There are no published data on defaulting from DOTS in Benin City which necessitated this ...Background: Defaulting from Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS) is a big challenge to the effective control of TB. There are no published data on defaulting from DOTS in Benin City which necessitated this study to determine the rate of defaulting and identify factors that significantly contribute to defaulting in Benin City, Nigeria. Methods: This was a case control study from August to December 2011 of 1253 TB patients placed on DOTS in Benin City. The two DOTS centres used for the study were situated in University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) and Egor local government secretariat, both in Egor local government area (LGA) in Benin City. Out of 1253 patients registered on DOTS in the two study centres, 722 patients comprising of 172 defaulters and 550 non- defaulters were selected for the study using the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine association between independent variables and defaulting. Results: The default rate was 23.8%. Defaulting was significantly associated with: male sex (OR 3.05;95%CI 1.60 - 5.80), being married (OR 3.06;95%CI 1.34 - 6.99), a history of travel (OR 6.87;95%CI 3.19 - 14.80) and concomitant drug use with TB drugs (OR 1.95;95%CI 1.02 - 3.73). Conclusion: The default rate from DOTS in Benin City and the factors significantly associated with defaulting have given us some information initially unavailable about defaulting from DOTS in Benin City. TB control programmes taking these factors into consideration need to be done to promote compliance to treatment.展开更多
Background: Defaulting on antiretroviral therapy has been identified as the most important factor contributing to the antiretroviral therapy failure rate. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with defaul...Background: Defaulting on antiretroviral therapy has been identified as the most important factor contributing to the antiretroviral therapy failure rate. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with defaulting on antiretroviral therapy among adult patients receiving care at Chikankata Mission Hospital antiretroviral therapy clinic. Method: Cross-sectional analytical study on 385 participants selected by a computer generated random numbers technique of simple random sampling from among the patients receiving antiretroviral therapy at Chikankata Mission Hospital. Data collected were processed and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 27. Univariate and backward multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with antiretroviral therapy defaulting. The level of significance was set at 5% with a confidence level of 95%. Results: Over half (58.4%) of the study participants defaulted on antiretroviral therapy. About 65.8% of study participants indicated improved health as the reason they defaulted on antiretroviral therapy. Most participants indicated that it was important to always go for antiretroviral therapy services (Adjusted Odds Ratio 1.95;95% Confidence Interval: [1.14 - 3.33], p = 0.015). Very few participants indicated poor family support for antiretroviral therapy services (Adjusted Odds Ratio 4.08;95% Confidence Interval: [2.02 - 8.23], p Conclusion: Defaulting on antiretroviral therapy continues to be a significant problem and needs to be addressed as a matter of priority. More counselling and awareness-raising programmes are required to improve knowledge and understanding on the importance of attending scheduled antiretroviral therapy clinics and services as well as the consequences of defaulting on antiretroviral therapy.展开更多
Medical procedures are inherently invasive and carry the risk of inducing pain to the mind and body.Recently,efforts have been made to alleviate the discomfort associated with invasive medical procedures through the u...Medical procedures are inherently invasive and carry the risk of inducing pain to the mind and body.Recently,efforts have been made to alleviate the discomfort associated with invasive medical procedures through the use of virtual reality(VR)technology.VR has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment for pain associated with medical procedures,as well as for chronic pain conditions for which no effective treatment has been established.The precise mechanism by which the diversion from reality facilitated by VR contributes to the diminution of pain and anxiety has yet to be elucidated.However,the provision of positive images through VR-based visual stimulation may enhance the functionality of brain networks.The salience network is diminished,while the default mode network is enhanced.Additionally,the medial prefrontal cortex may establish a stronger connection with the default mode network,which could result in a reduction of pain and anxiety.Further research into the potential of VR technology to alleviate pain could lead to a reduction in the number of individuals who overdose on painkillers and contribute to positive change in the medical field.展开更多
Background The heterogeneity of depression limits the treatment outcomes of intermittent theta burst stimulation(iTBS)and hinders the identification of predictive factors.This study investigated functional network con...Background The heterogeneity of depression limits the treatment outcomes of intermittent theta burst stimulation(iTBS)and hinders the identification of predictive factors.This study investigated functional network connectivity and predictors of iTBS treatment outcomes in adolescents and young adults with depression.Aim This study aimed to identify default mode network(DMN)-based connectivity patterns associated with varying iTBS treatment outcomes in depression.Methods Data from a randomised controlled trial of iTBS in depression(n=82)were analysed using a data-driven approach to classify homogeneous subgroups based on the DMN.Connectivity subgroups were compared on depressive symptoms and cognitive function at pretreatment and post-treatment.Furthermore,the predictive significance of baseline inflammatory cytokines on post-treatment outcomes was evaluated.Results Two distinct subgroups were identified.Subgroup 1 exhibited high heterogeneity and greater centrality in the posterior cingulate cortex and retrosplenial cortex,while subgroup 2 showed more homogeneous connectivity patterns and greater centrality in the temporoparietal junction and posterior inferior parietal lobule.No main effect for subgroup,treatment or subgroup×treatment interaction was revealed in the improvement of depressive symptoms.A significant subgroup×treatment interaction related to symbol coding improvement was detected(F=5.22,p=0.026).Within subgroup 1,the active group showed significantly greater improvement in symbol coding compared with the sham group(t=2.30,p=0.028),while baseline levels of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein emerged as significant indicators for predicting improvements in symbolic coding(R2=0.35,RMSE(root-mean-square error)=5.72,p=0.013).Subgroup 2 showed no significant findings in terms of cognitive improvement or inflammatory cytokines predictions.展开更多
BACKGROUND Currently,adolescent depression is one of the most significant public health concerns,markedly influencing emotional,cognitive,and social maturation.Despite advancements in distinguish the neurobiological s...BACKGROUND Currently,adolescent depression is one of the most significant public health concerns,markedly influencing emotional,cognitive,and social maturation.Despite advancements in distinguish the neurobiological substrates underlying depression,the intricate patterns of disrupted brain network connectivity in adolescents warrant further exploration.AIM To elucidate the neural correlates of adolescent depression by examining brain network connectivity using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI).METHODS The study cohort comprised 74 depressed adolescents and 59 healthy controls aged 12 to 17 years.Participants underwent rs-fMRI to evaluate functional connectivity within and across critical brain networks,including the visual,default mode network(DMN),dorsal attention,salience,somatomotor,and frontoparietal control networks.RESULTS Analyses revealed pronounced functional disparities within key neural circuits among adolescents with depression.The results demonstrated existence of hemispheric asymmetries characterized by enhanced activity in the left visual network,which contrasted the diminished activity in the right hemisphere.The DMN facilitated increased activity within the left prefrontal cortex and reduced engagement in the right hemisphere,implicating disrupted self-referential and emotional processing mechanisms.Additionally,an overactive right dorsal attention network and a hypoactive salience network were identified,underscoring significant abnormalities in attentional and emotional regulation in adolescent depression.CONCLUSION The findings from this study underscore distinct neural connectivity disruptions in adolescent depression,underscoring the critical role of specific neurobiological markers for precise early diagnosis of adolescent depression.The observed functional asymmetries and network-specific deviations elucidate the complex neurobiological architecture of adolescent depression,supporting the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.展开更多
BACKGROUND Group cognitive behavioral therapy(GCBT)is increasingly being used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)because of its high efficiency,economy,and interaction among group members.However,the changes i...BACKGROUND Group cognitive behavioral therapy(GCBT)is increasingly being used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)because of its high efficiency,economy,and interaction among group members.However,the changes in network functional connectivity(FC)in patients with OCD with GCBT remain unclear.AIM To investigate inter-and intra-network resting-state FC(rs-FC)abnormalities before and after GCBT in unmedicated patients with OCD and validate the efficacy of GCBT.METHODS Overall,33 individuals with OCD and 26 healthy controls underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.The patients were rescanned 12 weeks after GCBT.Four cognition-related networks-default mode network(DMN),dorsal attention network(DAN),salience network(SAN),and frontoparietal network(FPN)-were selected to examine FC abnormalities within and between OCD networks before and after GCBT.Neuropsychological assessments including memory,executive function,speech,attention,and visuospatial ability were reassessed following GCBT.Pearson’s correlations were used to analyze the relationship between aberrant FC in cognition-related networks and altered neuropsychological assessments in patients.RESULTS Rs-FC within the DMN and DAN decreased significantly.Additionally,rs-FC between the DMN-DAN,DMNFPN,DMN-SAN,and DAN-SAN also decreased.Significant improvements were observed in cognitive functions,such as memory,executive function,attention,and visuospatial ability.Furthermore,reduced rs-FC within the DMN correlated with visuospatial ability and executive function;DAN positively correlated with Shape Trails Test(STT)-A test elapsed time;DMN-DAN negatively correlated with Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure(Rey-O)mimicry time and the three elapsed times of the tower of Hanoi;DMN-SAN negatively correlated with Rey-O imitation time and positively correlated with STT-A test elapsed time;and DMN-FPN negatively correlated with Auditory Word Learning Test N1 and N4 scores.CONCLUSION Decreased rs-FC within the DMN and DAN,which correlated with executive function post-treatment,has potential as a neuroimaging marker to predict treatment response to GCBT in patients with OCD.展开更多
This study investigates the determinants that drive the volatility of the credit default swaps(CDS)of BRICIT(Brazil,Russia,India,China,Indonesia,and Turkey)nations as a proxy measure for sovereign risk.On the existenc...This study investigates the determinants that drive the volatility of the credit default swaps(CDS)of BRICIT(Brazil,Russia,India,China,Indonesia,and Turkey)nations as a proxy measure for sovereign risk.On the existence of cointegration,an unrestricted error correction model integrated with the autoregressive distributed lag(ARDL)model is applied to measure the short-run and long-run dynamics empirically.The study utilizes the Bayesian global vector autoregression methodology for cross-border spillover estimation.The study also suggests a strategy for policymakers for quadrant categorization to mitigate risk arising from cross-border spillover.The result of ARDL indicates that the global macroeconomic variables affect the BRICIT CDS more than domestic macroeconomic determinants,with Indian CDS being the most sensitive to Fed tapering.Notably,China’s CDS is the most sensitive to shocks,with the CDS volatility primarily driven by China’s geopolitical risk.Russian CDS is more sensitive to real effective exchange rates due to severe ruble depreciation than crude oil,despite Russia being a major oil exporter.The quadrant categorization indicates that the Indonesian stock market index is most interconnected with BRICIT CDS,while the Turkish long-term interest rates send the highest intensity spillover across BRICIT nations.展开更多
presented The conceptions of abstract default reasoning frameworks （ADRFs） and D-consequence relations are Based on representation properties of D-consequence relations, it proves that any cumulative nonmonotonic co...presented The conceptions of abstract default reasoning frameworks （ADRFs） and D-consequence relations are Based on representation properties of D-consequence relations, it proves that any cumulative nonmonotonic consequence relation with the connective-free form can be represented by ADRFs.展开更多
In the relevance-theoretic framework,translation is an act of communication carried out between two cultures through the medium of language,which involves the cognition of three parts;the original writer,the translato...In the relevance-theoretic framework,translation is an act of communication carried out between two cultures through the medium of language,which involves the cognition of three parts;the original writer,the translator,and the target reader.Since it is a culture-specific phenomenon and the cognitive environment of the original writer and the target reader are different,cultural default often results in misreading or incoherent understanding in cross-cultural communication.展开更多
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by impaired perception, delusions, thought disorder, abnormal emotion regulation, altered motor function, and impaired drive. The default mode network （DMN）, s...Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by impaired perception, delusions, thought disorder, abnormal emotion regulation, altered motor function, and impaired drive. The default mode network （DMN）, since it was first proposed in 2001, has become a central research theme in neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. In this review, first we define the DMN and describe its functional activity, functional and anatomical connectivity, heritability, and inverse correlation with the task positive network. Second, we review empirical studies of the anatomical and functional DMN, and anti-correlation between DMN and the task positive network in schizophrenia. Finally, we review preliminary evidence about the relationship between antipsychotic medications and regulation of the DMN, review the role of DMN as a treatment biomarker for this disease, and consider the DMN effects of individualized therapies for schizophrenia.展开更多
Mood disorders/psychosis have been associated with dysfunctions in the default mode network(DMN).However,the relative contributions of DMN regions to state and trait disturbances in pediatric bipolar disorder(PBD)rema...Mood disorders/psychosis have been associated with dysfunctions in the default mode network(DMN).However,the relative contributions of DMN regions to state and trait disturbances in pediatric bipolar disorder(PBD)remain unclear.The aim of this study was to investigate the possible mechanisms of PBD through brain imaging and explore the influence of psychotic symptoms on functional alterations in PBD patients.Twenty-nine psychotic and 26 non-psychotic PBD patients,as well as 19 age-and sex-matched healthy controls underwent a restingstate functional MRI scan and the data were analyzed by independent component analysis.The DMN component from the fMRI data was extracted for each participant.Spearman's rank correlation analysis was performed between aberrant connectivity and clinical measurements.The results demonstrated that psychotic PBD was characterized by aberrant DMN connectivity in the anterior cingulate cortex/medial prefrontal cortex,bilateral caudate nucleus,bilateral angular gyri,and left middle temporal gyrus,while non-psychotic PBD was not,suggesting further impairment with the development of psychosis.In summary,we demonstrated unique impairment in DMN functional connectivity in the psychotic PBD group.These specific neuroanatomical abnormalities may shed light on the underlying pathophysiology and presentation of PBD.展开更多
Numerous studies have shown abnormal brain functional connectivity in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease(AD)or amnestic mild cognitive impairment(aMCI).However,most studies examined traditional resting state functi...Numerous studies have shown abnormal brain functional connectivity in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease(AD)or amnestic mild cognitive impairment(aMCI).However,most studies examined traditional resting state functional connections,ignoring the instantaneous connection mode of the whole brain.In this case-control study,we used a new method called dynamic functional connectivity(DFC)to look for abnormalities in patients with AD and aMCI.We calculated dynamic functional connectivity strength from functional magnetic resonance imaging data for each participant,and then used a support vector machine to classify AD patients and normal controls.Finally,we highlighted brain regions and brain networks that made the largest contributions to the classification.We found differences in dynamic function connectivity strength in the left precuneus,default mode network,and dorsal attention network among normal controls,aMCI patients,and AD patients.These abnormalities are potential imaging markers for the early diagnosis of AD.展开更多
Neuroimaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography have provided an unprecedented neurobiological perspective for research on personality traits. Evidence from task-...Neuroimaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography have provided an unprecedented neurobiological perspective for research on personality traits. Evidence from task-related neuroimaging has shown that extraversion is associated with activations in regions of the anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, middle temporal gyrus and the amygdala. Currently, resting-state neuroimaging is being widely used in cognitive neuroscience. Initial exploration of extraversion has revealed correlations with the medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, insular cortex, and the precuneus. Recent research work has indicated that the long-range temporal dependence of the resting-state spontaneous oscillation has high test-retest reliability. Moreover, the long-range temporal dependence of the resting-state networks is highly correlated with personality traits, and this can be used for the prediction of extraversion. As the long-range temporal dependence reflects real-time information updating in individuals, this method may provide a new approach to research on personality traits.展开更多
Although organellar genomes(including chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes)are smaller than nuclear genomes in size and gene number,organellar genomes are very important for the investigation of plant evolution and m...Although organellar genomes(including chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes)are smaller than nuclear genomes in size and gene number,organellar genomes are very important for the investigation of plant evolution and molecular ecology mechanisms.Few studies have focused on the organellar genomes of horticultural plants.Approximately 1193 chloroplast genomes and 199 mitochondrial genomes of land plants are available in the National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI),of which only 39 are from horticultural plants.In this paper,we report an innovative and efficient method for high-quality horticultural organellar genome assembly from next-generation sequencing(NGS)data.Sequencing reads were first assembled by Newbler,Amos,and Minimus software with default parameters.The remaining gaps were then filled through BLASTN search and PCR.The complete DNA sequence was corrected based on Illumina sequencing data using BWA(Burrows–Wheeler Alignment tool)software.The advantage of this approach is that there is no need to isolate organellar DNA from total DNA during sample preparation.Using this procedure,the complete mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes of an ornamental plant,Salix suchowensis,and a fruit tree,Ziziphus jujuba,were identified.This study shows that horticultural plants have similar mitochondrial and chloroplast sequence organization to other seed plants.Most horticultural plants demonstrate a slight bias toward A+T rich features in the mitochondrial genome.In addition,a phylogenetic analysis of 39 horticultural plants based on 15 protein-coding genes showed that some mitochondrial genes are horizontally transferred from chloroplast DNA.Our study will provide an important reference for organellar genome assembly in other horticultural plants.Furthermore,phylogenetic analysis of the organellar genomes of horticultural plants could accurately clarify the unanticipated relationships among these plants.展开更多
Traumatic brain injury survivors often experience cognitive deficits and neuropsychiatric symptoms.However,the neurobiological mechanisms underlying specific impairments are not fully understood.Advances in neuroimagi...Traumatic brain injury survivors often experience cognitive deficits and neuropsychiatric symptoms.However,the neurobiological mechanisms underlying specific impairments are not fully understood.Advances in neuroimaging techniques（such as diffusion tensor imaging and functional MRI）have given us new insights on structural and functional connectivity patterns of the human brain in both health and disease.The connectome derived from connectivity maps reflects the entire constellation of distributed brain networks.Using these powerful neuroimaging approaches,changes at the microstructural level can be detected through regional and global properties of neuronal networks.Here we will review recent developments in the study of brain network abnormalities in traumatic brain injury,mainly focusing on structural and functional connectivity.Some connectomic studies have provided interesting insights into the neurological dysfunction that occurs following traumatic brain injury.These techniques could eventually be helpful in developing imaging biomarkers of cognitive and neurobehavioral sequelae,as well as predicting outcome and prognosis.展开更多
文摘Background: Defaulting from Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS) is a big challenge to the effective control of TB. There are no published data on defaulting from DOTS in Benin City which necessitated this study to determine the rate of defaulting and identify factors that significantly contribute to defaulting in Benin City, Nigeria. Methods: This was a case control study from August to December 2011 of 1253 TB patients placed on DOTS in Benin City. The two DOTS centres used for the study were situated in University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) and Egor local government secretariat, both in Egor local government area (LGA) in Benin City. Out of 1253 patients registered on DOTS in the two study centres, 722 patients comprising of 172 defaulters and 550 non- defaulters were selected for the study using the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine association between independent variables and defaulting. Results: The default rate was 23.8%. Defaulting was significantly associated with: male sex (OR 3.05;95%CI 1.60 - 5.80), being married (OR 3.06;95%CI 1.34 - 6.99), a history of travel (OR 6.87;95%CI 3.19 - 14.80) and concomitant drug use with TB drugs (OR 1.95;95%CI 1.02 - 3.73). Conclusion: The default rate from DOTS in Benin City and the factors significantly associated with defaulting have given us some information initially unavailable about defaulting from DOTS in Benin City. TB control programmes taking these factors into consideration need to be done to promote compliance to treatment.
文摘Background: Defaulting on antiretroviral therapy has been identified as the most important factor contributing to the antiretroviral therapy failure rate. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with defaulting on antiretroviral therapy among adult patients receiving care at Chikankata Mission Hospital antiretroviral therapy clinic. Method: Cross-sectional analytical study on 385 participants selected by a computer generated random numbers technique of simple random sampling from among the patients receiving antiretroviral therapy at Chikankata Mission Hospital. Data collected were processed and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 27. Univariate and backward multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with antiretroviral therapy defaulting. The level of significance was set at 5% with a confidence level of 95%. Results: Over half (58.4%) of the study participants defaulted on antiretroviral therapy. About 65.8% of study participants indicated improved health as the reason they defaulted on antiretroviral therapy. Most participants indicated that it was important to always go for antiretroviral therapy services (Adjusted Odds Ratio 1.95;95% Confidence Interval: [1.14 - 3.33], p = 0.015). Very few participants indicated poor family support for antiretroviral therapy services (Adjusted Odds Ratio 4.08;95% Confidence Interval: [2.02 - 8.23], p Conclusion: Defaulting on antiretroviral therapy continues to be a significant problem and needs to be addressed as a matter of priority. More counselling and awareness-raising programmes are required to improve knowledge and understanding on the importance of attending scheduled antiretroviral therapy clinics and services as well as the consequences of defaulting on antiretroviral therapy.
文摘Medical procedures are inherently invasive and carry the risk of inducing pain to the mind and body.Recently,efforts have been made to alleviate the discomfort associated with invasive medical procedures through the use of virtual reality(VR)technology.VR has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment for pain associated with medical procedures,as well as for chronic pain conditions for which no effective treatment has been established.The precise mechanism by which the diversion from reality facilitated by VR contributes to the diminution of pain and anxiety has yet to be elucidated.However,the provision of positive images through VR-based visual stimulation may enhance the functionality of brain networks.The salience network is diminished,while the default mode network is enhanced.Additionally,the medial prefrontal cortex may establish a stronger connection with the default mode network,which could result in a reduction of pain and anxiety.Further research into the potential of VR technology to alleviate pain could lead to a reduction in the number of individuals who overdose on painkillers and contribute to positive change in the medical field.
基金supported by the Guangzhou Municipal Key Discipline in Medicine(2021-2023)the Guangzhou High-level Clinical Key Specialty,the Guangzhou Research-oriented Hospital,the Innovative Clinical Technique of Guangzhou(2024-2026)+6 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(grant number 2022A1515011567,2020A1515110565)the Guangzhou Science,Technology Planning Project(grant number 202201010714,202103000032)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 82471546)the Guangdong College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Project(grant number S202310570038)the Guangzhou Health Science and Technology Project(grant number 20231A010038)the Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine and Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Technology Project(grant number:20232A010013)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Guangzhou(2023A03J0842).
文摘Background The heterogeneity of depression limits the treatment outcomes of intermittent theta burst stimulation(iTBS)and hinders the identification of predictive factors.This study investigated functional network connectivity and predictors of iTBS treatment outcomes in adolescents and young adults with depression.Aim This study aimed to identify default mode network(DMN)-based connectivity patterns associated with varying iTBS treatment outcomes in depression.Methods Data from a randomised controlled trial of iTBS in depression(n=82)were analysed using a data-driven approach to classify homogeneous subgroups based on the DMN.Connectivity subgroups were compared on depressive symptoms and cognitive function at pretreatment and post-treatment.Furthermore,the predictive significance of baseline inflammatory cytokines on post-treatment outcomes was evaluated.Results Two distinct subgroups were identified.Subgroup 1 exhibited high heterogeneity and greater centrality in the posterior cingulate cortex and retrosplenial cortex,while subgroup 2 showed more homogeneous connectivity patterns and greater centrality in the temporoparietal junction and posterior inferior parietal lobule.No main effect for subgroup,treatment or subgroup×treatment interaction was revealed in the improvement of depressive symptoms.A significant subgroup×treatment interaction related to symbol coding improvement was detected(F=5.22,p=0.026).Within subgroup 1,the active group showed significantly greater improvement in symbol coding compared with the sham group(t=2.30,p=0.028),while baseline levels of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein emerged as significant indicators for predicting improvements in symbolic coding(R2=0.35,RMSE(root-mean-square error)=5.72,p=0.013).Subgroup 2 showed no significant findings in terms of cognitive improvement or inflammatory cytokines predictions.
基金Supported by the Medical Research Project of the Chongqing Municipal Health Commission,No.2024WSJK110.
文摘BACKGROUND Currently,adolescent depression is one of the most significant public health concerns,markedly influencing emotional,cognitive,and social maturation.Despite advancements in distinguish the neurobiological substrates underlying depression,the intricate patterns of disrupted brain network connectivity in adolescents warrant further exploration.AIM To elucidate the neural correlates of adolescent depression by examining brain network connectivity using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI).METHODS The study cohort comprised 74 depressed adolescents and 59 healthy controls aged 12 to 17 years.Participants underwent rs-fMRI to evaluate functional connectivity within and across critical brain networks,including the visual,default mode network(DMN),dorsal attention,salience,somatomotor,and frontoparietal control networks.RESULTS Analyses revealed pronounced functional disparities within key neural circuits among adolescents with depression.The results demonstrated existence of hemispheric asymmetries characterized by enhanced activity in the left visual network,which contrasted the diminished activity in the right hemisphere.The DMN facilitated increased activity within the left prefrontal cortex and reduced engagement in the right hemisphere,implicating disrupted self-referential and emotional processing mechanisms.Additionally,an overactive right dorsal attention network and a hypoactive salience network were identified,underscoring significant abnormalities in attentional and emotional regulation in adolescent depression.CONCLUSION The findings from this study underscore distinct neural connectivity disruptions in adolescent depression,underscoring the critical role of specific neurobiological markers for precise early diagnosis of adolescent depression.The observed functional asymmetries and network-specific deviations elucidate the complex neurobiological architecture of adolescent depression,supporting the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.
基金Supported by the Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province,No.2023RC266the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo,No.202003N4266.
文摘BACKGROUND Group cognitive behavioral therapy(GCBT)is increasingly being used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)because of its high efficiency,economy,and interaction among group members.However,the changes in network functional connectivity(FC)in patients with OCD with GCBT remain unclear.AIM To investigate inter-and intra-network resting-state FC(rs-FC)abnormalities before and after GCBT in unmedicated patients with OCD and validate the efficacy of GCBT.METHODS Overall,33 individuals with OCD and 26 healthy controls underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.The patients were rescanned 12 weeks after GCBT.Four cognition-related networks-default mode network(DMN),dorsal attention network(DAN),salience network(SAN),and frontoparietal network(FPN)-were selected to examine FC abnormalities within and between OCD networks before and after GCBT.Neuropsychological assessments including memory,executive function,speech,attention,and visuospatial ability were reassessed following GCBT.Pearson’s correlations were used to analyze the relationship between aberrant FC in cognition-related networks and altered neuropsychological assessments in patients.RESULTS Rs-FC within the DMN and DAN decreased significantly.Additionally,rs-FC between the DMN-DAN,DMNFPN,DMN-SAN,and DAN-SAN also decreased.Significant improvements were observed in cognitive functions,such as memory,executive function,attention,and visuospatial ability.Furthermore,reduced rs-FC within the DMN correlated with visuospatial ability and executive function;DAN positively correlated with Shape Trails Test(STT)-A test elapsed time;DMN-DAN negatively correlated with Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure(Rey-O)mimicry time and the three elapsed times of the tower of Hanoi;DMN-SAN negatively correlated with Rey-O imitation time and positively correlated with STT-A test elapsed time;and DMN-FPN negatively correlated with Auditory Word Learning Test N1 and N4 scores.CONCLUSION Decreased rs-FC within the DMN and DAN,which correlated with executive function post-treatment,has potential as a neuroimaging marker to predict treatment response to GCBT in patients with OCD.
文摘This study investigates the determinants that drive the volatility of the credit default swaps(CDS)of BRICIT(Brazil,Russia,India,China,Indonesia,and Turkey)nations as a proxy measure for sovereign risk.On the existence of cointegration,an unrestricted error correction model integrated with the autoregressive distributed lag(ARDL)model is applied to measure the short-run and long-run dynamics empirically.The study utilizes the Bayesian global vector autoregression methodology for cross-border spillover estimation.The study also suggests a strategy for policymakers for quadrant categorization to mitigate risk arising from cross-border spillover.The result of ARDL indicates that the global macroeconomic variables affect the BRICIT CDS more than domestic macroeconomic determinants,with Indian CDS being the most sensitive to Fed tapering.Notably,China’s CDS is the most sensitive to shocks,with the CDS volatility primarily driven by China’s geopolitical risk.Russian CDS is more sensitive to real effective exchange rates due to severe ruble depreciation than crude oil,despite Russia being a major oil exporter.The quadrant categorization indicates that the Indonesian stock market index is most interconnected with BRICIT CDS,while the Turkish long-term interest rates send the highest intensity spillover across BRICIT nations.
文摘presented The conceptions of abstract default reasoning frameworks （ADRFs） and D-consequence relations are Based on representation properties of D-consequence relations, it proves that any cumulative nonmonotonic consequence relation with the connective-free form can be represented by ADRFs.
文摘In the relevance-theoretic framework,translation is an act of communication carried out between two cultures through the medium of language,which involves the cognition of three parts;the original writer,the translator,and the target reader.Since it is a culture-specific phenomenon and the cognitive environment of the original writer and the target reader are different,cultural default often results in misreading or incoherent understanding in cross-cultural communication.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81271484,81471361,30900486,and 81371480)the National Basic Research Development Program(973 Program)of China(2012CB517904)the Nation Sponsored Study Abroad Program from China Scholarship Council(201506370095)
文摘Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by impaired perception, delusions, thought disorder, abnormal emotion regulation, altered motor function, and impaired drive. The default mode network （DMN）, since it was first proposed in 2001, has become a central research theme in neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. In this review, first we define the DMN and describe its functional activity, functional and anatomical connectivity, heritability, and inverse correlation with the task positive network. Second, we review empirical studies of the anatomical and functional DMN, and anti-correlation between DMN and the task positive network in schizophrenia. Finally, we review preliminary evidence about the relationship between antipsychotic medications and regulation of the DMN, review the role of DMN as a treatment biomarker for this disease, and consider the DMN effects of individualized therapies for schizophrenia.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81171291, 81371531, 81571344, 81871344)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (BK20161109)+2 种基金the Key Program for Guangming Lu (BWS11J063, and 10z026)the Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province, China (18KJB190003)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (2014M552700)
文摘Mood disorders/psychosis have been associated with dysfunctions in the default mode network(DMN).However,the relative contributions of DMN regions to state and trait disturbances in pediatric bipolar disorder(PBD)remain unclear.The aim of this study was to investigate the possible mechanisms of PBD through brain imaging and explore the influence of psychotic symptoms on functional alterations in PBD patients.Twenty-nine psychotic and 26 non-psychotic PBD patients,as well as 19 age-and sex-matched healthy controls underwent a restingstate functional MRI scan and the data were analyzed by independent component analysis.The DMN component from the fMRI data was extracted for each participant.Spearman's rank correlation analysis was performed between aberrant connectivity and clinical measurements.The results demonstrated that psychotic PBD was characterized by aberrant DMN connectivity in the anterior cingulate cortex/medial prefrontal cortex,bilateral caudate nucleus,bilateral angular gyri,and left middle temporal gyrus,while non-psychotic PBD was not,suggesting further impairment with the development of psychosis.In summary,we demonstrated unique impairment in DMN functional connectivity in the psychotic PBD group.These specific neuroanatomical abnormalities may shed light on the underlying pathophysiology and presentation of PBD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81471120Fund Projects in Technology of the Foundation Strengthening Program of China,No.2019-JCJQ-JJ-151(both to XZ).
文摘Numerous studies have shown abnormal brain functional connectivity in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease(AD)or amnestic mild cognitive impairment(aMCI).However,most studies examined traditional resting state functional connections,ignoring the instantaneous connection mode of the whole brain.In this case-control study,we used a new method called dynamic functional connectivity(DFC)to look for abnormalities in patients with AD and aMCI.We calculated dynamic functional connectivity strength from functional magnetic resonance imaging data for each participant,and then used a support vector machine to classify AD patients and normal controls.Finally,we highlighted brain regions and brain networks that made the largest contributions to the classification.We found differences in dynamic function connectivity strength in the left precuneus,default mode network,and dorsal attention network among normal controls,aMCI patients,and AD patients.These abnormalities are potential imaging markers for the early diagnosis of AD.
基金supported by grants from the National High Technology Research Development Project (863 Project) of China (2015AA020504)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31571111 and 31200857)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (SW1509113)
文摘Neuroimaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography have provided an unprecedented neurobiological perspective for research on personality traits. Evidence from task-related neuroimaging has shown that extraversion is associated with activations in regions of the anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, middle temporal gyrus and the amygdala. Currently, resting-state neuroimaging is being widely used in cognitive neuroscience. Initial exploration of extraversion has revealed correlations with the medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, insular cortex, and the precuneus. Recent research work has indicated that the long-range temporal dependence of the resting-state spontaneous oscillation has high test-retest reliability. Moreover, the long-range temporal dependence of the resting-state networks is highly correlated with personality traits, and this can be used for the prediction of extraversion. As the long-range temporal dependence reflects real-time information updating in individuals, this method may provide a new approach to research on personality traits.
基金This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2016YFD0600101)2017 Graduate Research and Innovation Program Projects in Jiangsu Province(KYCY17_0827)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Non-Profit Research Institution of CAF(CAFYBB2014QB015)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31570662,31500533,and 61401214)the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development(2016ZD44)the PAPD(Priority Academic Program Development)program at Nanjing Forestry University.
文摘Although organellar genomes(including chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes)are smaller than nuclear genomes in size and gene number,organellar genomes are very important for the investigation of plant evolution and molecular ecology mechanisms.Few studies have focused on the organellar genomes of horticultural plants.Approximately 1193 chloroplast genomes and 199 mitochondrial genomes of land plants are available in the National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI),of which only 39 are from horticultural plants.In this paper,we report an innovative and efficient method for high-quality horticultural organellar genome assembly from next-generation sequencing(NGS)data.Sequencing reads were first assembled by Newbler,Amos,and Minimus software with default parameters.The remaining gaps were then filled through BLASTN search and PCR.The complete DNA sequence was corrected based on Illumina sequencing data using BWA(Burrows–Wheeler Alignment tool)software.The advantage of this approach is that there is no need to isolate organellar DNA from total DNA during sample preparation.Using this procedure,the complete mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes of an ornamental plant,Salix suchowensis,and a fruit tree,Ziziphus jujuba,were identified.This study shows that horticultural plants have similar mitochondrial and chloroplast sequence organization to other seed plants.Most horticultural plants demonstrate a slight bias toward A+T rich features in the mitochondrial genome.In addition,a phylogenetic analysis of 39 horticultural plants based on 15 protein-coding genes showed that some mitochondrial genes are horizontally transferred from chloroplast DNA.Our study will provide an important reference for organellar genome assembly in other horticultural plants.Furthermore,phylogenetic analysis of the organellar genomes of horticultural plants could accurately clarify the unanticipated relationships among these plants.
基金supported by a grant from the Medical Scientific Research Programs of Nanjing Military Command,No.14MS122
文摘Traumatic brain injury survivors often experience cognitive deficits and neuropsychiatric symptoms.However,the neurobiological mechanisms underlying specific impairments are not fully understood.Advances in neuroimaging techniques（such as diffusion tensor imaging and functional MRI）have given us new insights on structural and functional connectivity patterns of the human brain in both health and disease.The connectome derived from connectivity maps reflects the entire constellation of distributed brain networks.Using these powerful neuroimaging approaches,changes at the microstructural level can be detected through regional and global properties of neuronal networks.Here we will review recent developments in the study of brain network abnormalities in traumatic brain injury,mainly focusing on structural and functional connectivity.Some connectomic studies have provided interesting insights into the neurological dysfunction that occurs following traumatic brain injury.These techniques could eventually be helpful in developing imaging biomarkers of cognitive and neurobehavioral sequelae,as well as predicting outcome and prognosis.
