We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 32 patients with medically intractable idiopathic Parkinson＇s disease who had undergone staged bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subtha-lamic nuclei from January...We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 32 patients with medically intractable idiopathic Parkinson＇s disease who had undergone staged bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subtha-lamic nuclei from January 2007 to May 2011. The vascularture of the patients who received two deep brain stimulations was detected using double-dose gadolinium-enhanced brain MRI. The dimensions of straight sinus, superior sagittal sinus, ipsilateral internal cerebral vein in the tha- lamic branch and ipsilateral anterior caudate vein were reduced. These findings demonstrate that bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nuclei affects cerebral venous blood flow.展开更多
Background：Recent clinical and preclinical studies have suggested that deep brain stimulation （DBS） can be used as a tool to enhance cognitive functions.The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of...Background：Recent clinical and preclinical studies have suggested that deep brain stimulation （DBS） can be used as a tool to enhance cognitive functions.The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of DBS at three separate targets in the Papez circuit,including the anterior nucleus of thalamus （ANT）,the entorhinal cortex （EC）,and the fornix （FX）,on cognitive behaviors in an Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） rat model.Methods：Forty-eight rats were subjected to an intrahippocampal injection ofamyloid peptides 1-42 to induce an AD model.Rats were divided into six groups：DBS and sham DBS groups of ANT,EC,and FX.Spatial learning and memory were assessed by the Morris water maze （MWM）.Recognition memory was investigated by the novel object recognition memory test （NORM）.Locomotor and anxiety-related behaviors were detected by the open field test （OF）.By using two-way analysis of variance （ANOVA）,behavior differences between the six groups were analyzed.Results：In the MWM,the ANT,EC,and FX DBS groups performed differently in terms of the time spent in the platform zone （F（2.23） =6.04,P ＜ 0.01）,the frequency of platform crossing （F（2,23） =11.53,P ＜ 0.001）,and the percent time spent within the platform quadrant （F（2,23） =6.29,P ＜ 0.01）.In the NORM,the EC and FX DBS groups spent more time with the novel object,although the ANT DBS group did not （F（2,23） =10.03,P ＜ 0.001）.In the OF,all of the groups showed a similar total distance moved （F（1.42） =1.14,P =0.29）and relative time spent in the center （F（2,42） =0.56,P =0.58）.Conclusions：Our results demonstrated that DBS of the EC and FX facilitated hippocampus-dependent spatial memory more prominently thanANT DBS.In addition,hippocampus-independent recognition memory was enhanced by EC and FX DBS.None of the targets showed side-effects of anxiety or locomotor behaviors.展开更多
Background：The antiepileptic effect of the anterior thalamic nuclei （ANT） stimulation has been demonstrated;however,its underlying mechanism remains unclear.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ch...Background：The antiepileptic effect of the anterior thalamic nuclei （ANT） stimulation has been demonstrated;however,its underlying mechanism remains unclear.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic ANT stimulation on hippocampal neuron loss and apoptosis.Methods：Sixty-four rats were divided into four groups：The control group,the kainic acid （KA） group,the sham-deep brain stimulation （DBS） group,and the DBS group.KA was used to induce epilepsy.Seizure count and latency to the first spontaneous seizures were calculated.Nissl staining was used to analyze hippocampal neuronal loss.Polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were conducted to assess the expression of caspase-3 （Casp3）,B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl2）,and Bcl2-associated X protein （Box） in the hippocampal CA3 region.One-way analysis of variance was used to determine the differences between the four groups.Results：The latency to the first spontaneous seizures in the DBS group was significantly longer than that in the KA group （27.50 ± 8.05 vs.16.38 ± 7.25 days,P =0.0005）.The total seizure number in the DBS group was also significantly reduced （DBS vs.KA group：11.75 ± 6.80 vs.23.25 ± 7.72,P =0.0002）.Chronic ANT-DBS reduced neuronal loss in the hippocampal CA3 region （DBS vs.KA group：23.58 ± 6.34 vs.13.13 ± 4.00,P =0.0012）.After chronic DBS,the relative mRNA expression level of Casp3 was decreased （DBS vs.KA group：1.18 ± 0.37 vs.2.09 ± 0.46,P =0.0003）,and the relative mRNA expression level of Bcl2 was increased （DBS vs.KA group：0.92 ± 0.21 vs.0.48 ± 0.16,P =0.0004）.The protein expression levels of CASP3 （DBS vs.KA group：1.25 ± 0.26 vs.2.49 ± 0.38,P 〈 0.0001） and BAX （DBS vs.KA group：1.57 ± 0.49 vs.2.80 ± 0.63,P =0.0012） both declined in the DBS group whereas the protein expression level of BCL2 （DBS vs.KA group：0.78 ± 0.32 vs.0.36 ± 0.17,P =0.0086） increased in the DBS group.Conclusions：This study demonstrated that chronic ANT stimulation could exert a neuroprotective effect on hippocampal neurons.This neuroprotective effect is likely to be mediated by the inhibition of apoptosis in the epileptic hippocampus.展开更多
文摘We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 32 patients with medically intractable idiopathic Parkinson＇s disease who had undergone staged bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subtha-lamic nuclei from January 2007 to May 2011. The vascularture of the patients who received two deep brain stimulations was detected using double-dose gadolinium-enhanced brain MRI. The dimensions of straight sinus, superior sagittal sinus, ipsilateral internal cerebral vein in the tha- lamic branch and ipsilateral anterior caudate vein were reduced. These findings demonstrate that bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nuclei affects cerebral venous blood flow.
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China，the Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Clinical Medicine Development of Special Funding，the Scientific Research Common Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education （No.KZ201510025029）.Conflict of Interest：None declared
文摘Background：Recent clinical and preclinical studies have suggested that deep brain stimulation （DBS） can be used as a tool to enhance cognitive functions.The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of DBS at three separate targets in the Papez circuit,including the anterior nucleus of thalamus （ANT）,the entorhinal cortex （EC）,and the fornix （FX）,on cognitive behaviors in an Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） rat model.Methods：Forty-eight rats were subjected to an intrahippocampal injection ofamyloid peptides 1-42 to induce an AD model.Rats were divided into six groups：DBS and sham DBS groups of ANT,EC,and FX.Spatial learning and memory were assessed by the Morris water maze （MWM）.Recognition memory was investigated by the novel object recognition memory test （NORM）.Locomotor and anxiety-related behaviors were detected by the open field test （OF）.By using two-way analysis of variance （ANOVA）,behavior differences between the six groups were analyzed.Results：In the MWM,the ANT,EC,and FX DBS groups performed differently in terms of the time spent in the platform zone （F（2.23） =6.04,P ＜ 0.01）,the frequency of platform crossing （F（2,23） =11.53,P ＜ 0.001）,and the percent time spent within the platform quadrant （F（2,23） =6.29,P ＜ 0.01）.In the NORM,the EC and FX DBS groups spent more time with the novel object,although the ANT DBS group did not （F（2,23） =10.03,P ＜ 0.001）.In the OF,all of the groups showed a similar total distance moved （F（1.42） =1.14,P =0.29）and relative time spent in the center （F（2,42） =0.56,P =0.58）.Conclusions：Our results demonstrated that DBS of the EC and FX facilitated hippocampus-dependent spatial memory more prominently thanANT DBS.In addition,hippocampus-independent recognition memory was enhanced by EC and FX DBS.None of the targets showed side-effects of anxiety or locomotor behaviors.
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China，the Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Clinical Medicine Development of Special Funding
文摘Background：The antiepileptic effect of the anterior thalamic nuclei （ANT） stimulation has been demonstrated;however,its underlying mechanism remains unclear.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic ANT stimulation on hippocampal neuron loss and apoptosis.Methods：Sixty-four rats were divided into four groups：The control group,the kainic acid （KA） group,the sham-deep brain stimulation （DBS） group,and the DBS group.KA was used to induce epilepsy.Seizure count and latency to the first spontaneous seizures were calculated.Nissl staining was used to analyze hippocampal neuronal loss.Polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were conducted to assess the expression of caspase-3 （Casp3）,B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl2）,and Bcl2-associated X protein （Box） in the hippocampal CA3 region.One-way analysis of variance was used to determine the differences between the four groups.Results：The latency to the first spontaneous seizures in the DBS group was significantly longer than that in the KA group （27.50 ± 8.05 vs.16.38 ± 7.25 days,P =0.0005）.The total seizure number in the DBS group was also significantly reduced （DBS vs.KA group：11.75 ± 6.80 vs.23.25 ± 7.72,P =0.0002）.Chronic ANT-DBS reduced neuronal loss in the hippocampal CA3 region （DBS vs.KA group：23.58 ± 6.34 vs.13.13 ± 4.00,P =0.0012）.After chronic DBS,the relative mRNA expression level of Casp3 was decreased （DBS vs.KA group：1.18 ± 0.37 vs.2.09 ± 0.46,P =0.0003）,and the relative mRNA expression level of Bcl2 was increased （DBS vs.KA group：0.92 ± 0.21 vs.0.48 ± 0.16,P =0.0004）.The protein expression levels of CASP3 （DBS vs.KA group：1.25 ± 0.26 vs.2.49 ± 0.38,P 〈 0.0001） and BAX （DBS vs.KA group：1.57 ± 0.49 vs.2.80 ± 0.63,P =0.0012） both declined in the DBS group whereas the protein expression level of BCL2 （DBS vs.KA group：0.78 ± 0.32 vs.0.36 ± 0.17,P =0.0086） increased in the DBS group.Conclusions：This study demonstrated that chronic ANT stimulation could exert a neuroprotective effect on hippocampal neurons.This neuroprotective effect is likely to be mediated by the inhibition of apoptosis in the epileptic hippocampus.
