The RPL(IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks)protocol is essential for efficient communi-cation within the Internet of Things(IoT)ecosystem.Despite its significance,RPL’s susceptibility to attacks r...The RPL(IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks)protocol is essential for efficient communi-cation within the Internet of Things(IoT)ecosystem.Despite its significance,RPL’s susceptibility to attacks remains a concern.This paper presents a comprehensive simulation-based analysis of the RPL protocol’s vulnerability to the decreased rank attack in both static andmobilenetwork environments.We employ the Random Direction Mobility Model(RDM)for mobile scenarios within the Cooja simulator.Our systematic evaluation focuses on critical performance metrics,including Packet Delivery Ratio(PDR),Average End to End Delay(AE2ED),throughput,Expected Transmission Count(ETX),and Average Power Consumption(APC).Our findings illuminate the disruptive impact of this attack on the routing hierarchy,resulting in decreased PDR and throughput,increased AE2ED,ETX,and APC.These results underscore the urgent need for robust security measures to protect RPL-based IoT networks.Furthermore,our study emphasizes the exacerbated impact of the attack in mobile scenarios,highlighting the evolving security requirements of IoT networks.展开更多
Objective:Moxibustion,a common therapy in traditional Chinese medicine,has potential benefits for treating decreased ovarian reserve(DOR).The present study investigates the protective effect of moxibustion in a rat mo...Objective:Moxibustion,a common therapy in traditional Chinese medicine,has potential benefits for treating decreased ovarian reserve(DOR).The present study investigates the protective effect of moxibustion in a rat model of DOR and explores the possible mechanisms.Methods:Sixty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups:control,DOR,moxibustion(MOX),and hormone replacement therapy(HRT).The DOR rat model was established by intragastric administration of 50 mg/kg Tripterygium glycoside suspension(TGS),once daily for 14 days.MOX and HRT treatments were given from the day TGS administration was initiated.The ovarian reserve function was evaluated by monitoring the estrus cycle,morphological changes in ovaries,levels of serum estradiol(E2),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),and anti-Mullerian hormone(AMH),pregnancy rate and embryo numbers.Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nickend-labeling staining was used to identify ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis,while the protein and m RNA expressions of Bax,B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2),phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3 K)and protein kinase B(AKT)in ovarian tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry,Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Results:Compared with the DOR group,MOX improved the disordered estrous cycle,promoted follicular growth,reduced the number of atresia follicles,increased the concentrations of serum E2 and AMH,and decreased serum FSH and LH concentrations.More importantly,the pregnancy rate and embryo numbers in DOR rats were both upregulated in the MOX treatment group,compared to the untreated DOR model.Further,we found that the MOX group had reduced apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells,increased Bcl-2 expression and reduced expression of Bax.Furthermore,the PI3 K/AKT signaling pathway was triggered by the moxibustion treatment.Conclusion:Moxibustion improved ovarian function and suppressed apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells in a rat model of DOR induced by TGS,and the mechanism may involve the PI3 K/AKT signaling pathway.展开更多
Age related defect of the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells（MSCs） plays a key role in osteoporosis. Mechanical loading is one of the most important physical stimuli for osteoblast differentiation....Age related defect of the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells（MSCs） plays a key role in osteoporosis. Mechanical loading is one of the most important physical stimuli for osteoblast differentiation.Here, we compared the osteogenic potential of MSCs from young and adult rats under three rounds of 2 h of cyclic stretch of 2.5% elongation at 1 Hz on 3 consecutive days. Cyclic stretch induced a significant osteogenic differentiation of MSCs from young rats, while a compromised osteogenesis in MSCs from the adult rats.Accordingly, there were much more reactive oxygen species（ROS） production in adult MSCs under cyclic stretch compared to young MSCs. Moreover, ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine rescued the osteogenic differentiation of adult MSCs under cyclic stretch. Gene expression analysis revealed that superoxide dismutase 1（SOD1） was significantly downregulated in those MSCs from adult rats. In summary, our data suggest that reduced SOD1 may result in excessive ROS production in adult MSCs under cyclic stretch, and thus manipulation of the MSCs from the adult donors with antioxidant would improve their osteogenic ability.展开更多
Using a special constant deflection device, the changes in dislocation configuration ahead of a loaded crack tip for 60Fe40Ni alloy. before and after magnetization in a magnetic field, have been studied in TEM. The re...Using a special constant deflection device, the changes in dislocation configuration ahead of a loaded crack tip for 60Fe40Ni alloy. before and after magnetization in a magnetic field, have been studied in TEM. The results showed that the magnetization for 60Fe40Ni alloy could enhance dislocation emission, multiplication and motion. Also, the mechanical properties of 60Fe40Ni alloy, in air and in the magnetic field respectively have been investigated using the slow strain rate tension. And the results indicated that magnetization could make the yield strength corresponding to decrease by 26 percent, but did not influence the ultimate tensile strength and the fracture strain, which showed that magnetization could enhance plastic deformation.展开更多
The aim of the study was to investigate whether the expression of obestatin in gastric body mucosa in abdominal obesity patients with normal body mass index （BMI） is different compared with healthy controls. Twenty ...The aim of the study was to investigate whether the expression of obestatin in gastric body mucosa in abdominal obesity patients with normal body mass index （BMI） is different compared with healthy controls. Twenty abdominal obesity patients with normal BMI and twenty healthy controls were included in the study. The number of obestatin-positive cells in gastric body mucosa was significantly lower in abdominal obesity patients with normal BMI than that in healthy subjects.展开更多
[Objectives]To analyze the characteristics and rules of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in the treatment of decreased ovarian reserve(DOR)in Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine.[M...[Objectives]To analyze the characteristics and rules of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in the treatment of decreased ovarian reserve(DOR)in Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine.[Methods]A total of 107 patients with DOR in Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine were selected for sorting,and the usage,classification,nature,taste and meridian homing of the used drugs were statistically analyzed.[Results]A total of 107 patients were included in this stud and a total of 189 flavors of TCM are used.The total frequency of drugs was 4345 times,and a total of 535 prescriptions were issued.The top five frequency of drug use were 2261 times(50.04%)of Paeoniae Radix Alba(Cynanchum otophyllum Schneid.),2037 times(46.88%)of Corni Fructus(Cornus officinalis Sieb.et Zucc.),1818 times(41.84%)of Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata[Rehmannia glutinosa(Gaertn.)Libosch EX Fisch.et Mey.],1610 times(37.05%)of Guiban[Chinemys reevesii(Gray)],and 1303 times(29.99%)of Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis(Uncariar hynchophylla Miq.ex Havil.).Kidney deficiency syndrome accounted for the largest proportion at 51.40%,and the use frequency of tonic drugs accounted for the highest at 50.64%;heat-clearing drugs and qi and blood-boosting drugs separately accounted for 19.24%and 17.39%;the top 3 medicinal tastes are sweet(52.02%),pungent(20.71%)and bitter(20.32%);medicinal properties are ranked as warm(60.54%),cold(24.16%),hot(8.72%)and cool(6.49%);the main meridians are spleen,lung,liver,stomach and kidney.[Conclusions]The basic pathogenesis of DOR is deficiency of qi and blood,mainly due to dysfunction of the spleen,lung,liver,liver,stomach and other organs,and kidney deficiency and spleen deficiency are more common.展开更多
The proliferative response of T-cells to autolo-gous non-T-cells is referred to as the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR). Recent studies have suggested that AMLR represents a mechanism of immune regulation i...The proliferative response of T-cells to autolo-gous non-T-cells is referred to as the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR). Recent studies have suggested that AMLR represents a mechanism of immune regulation in vivo. We investigated AMLR in patients with acute- and chronic myeloid leukemia (AML and CML). AMLR was found to be significantly depressed (P<0.001) in AML patients (n=17, cpm=532±95) and CML patients (n=13, cpm=688±99) when compared with that of their healthy HLA-identical siblings serving as controls (n=17, cpm=4152±619 and n=13 cpm=4086±421, respectively). In order to understand the cellular basis of the defective AMLR in patients with AML end CML, we performed mitogen-treated T-cell cultures analysis of T-cell subsets and HLA-Ⅱ antigen detection on monocytes. The results indicated that the defect of AMLR in patients resided at the stimulator monocyte level rather than at the responder T-cell level. Enumeration of monocytes reactive with monoclonal antibody Tu22, which recognizes determinants of HLA-DQ, demonstrated that ML patients had a significantly decreased (P<0.091) number of circulating Tu22+ monocytes when compared with normal controls. These studies suggest that a deficiency of HLA-DQ+ monocytes contributes to the depression of AMLR in ML and possibly underlies the abnormalities of immune response present in this disease.展开更多
Aims T-type Ca<sup>2+</sup> current(I<sub>CaT</sub>)plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation（AF）.The present study sought to investigate the role of Macrophage migra...Aims T-type Ca<sup>2+</sup> current(I<sub>CaT</sub>)plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation（AF）.The present study sought to investigate the role of Macrophage migration inhibitory factor（MIF）,a pleiotropic cytokine,in the regulation of T-type Ca<sup>2+</sup> channel in atrium myocytes.Methods We used whole-cell voltage-clamp technique and biochemical assays to study the regulation and expression of I<sub>Ca</sub>,T in mouse atrium myocytes（HL-1 cells）.Results Serum MIF concentrations was slightly increased in patients with AF compared to sinus rhythm（SR） controls.In cultured HL-1 cells, significant amounts of MIF were produced in response to hydrogen peroxide（H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>）,but not AngiotensinⅡ（AngⅡ）. Mouse recombinant MIF（rMIF）（20 or 40 nM,24 h） suppressed peak ICa,T by-38%and-60%in a concentration-dependent manner,impaired the voltage-dependent activation of I<sub>Ca</sub>,T,and down-regulated of TCC alG mRNA.Src inhibitors genistein and PPl significantly enhanced ICaT.The depression of ICa,T induced by rMIF could be reversed by genistein and PP1.Conclusions MIFis involved in the pathogenesis of AF,probably by decreasing ICa,T through impairment of the channel function and activation of c-Src kinases in atrium myocytes.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> Ocular coloboma is the product of an error in the fetal fissure closure, normally occurring between the fifth and sixth weeks of gestation <a href="#R1" target=&qu...<strong>Background:</strong> Ocular coloboma is the product of an error in the fetal fissure closure, normally occurring between the fifth and sixth weeks of gestation <a href="#R1" target="_blank">[1]</a>. It may involve the cornea, iris, zonula, ciliary body, choroid, retina and optic nerve. The incidence of this syndrome is 0.7 per 10,000 live-births <a href="#R1" target="_blank">[1]</a>. The aim of this observation is to present the first case of bilateral coloboma of the iris <a href="#R1" target="_blank">[1]</a>. This case was associated with an ametropia causing a decrease in visual acuity. <strong>Case Presentation:</strong> This was a clinical observation concerning a young 12-year-old patient who consulted for blurring of vision which had progressed for approximately 2 years. The ophthalmologic examination revealed an ametropia with a bilateral notch of the pupillary rim suggesting a bilateral coloboma. There was no association with another coloboma such as chorioretinal coloboma which is quite common and is accompanied frequently by visual symptoms. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> A visual impairment of the child can indicate ametropia. However, other congenital anomalies can be discovered as was the case in this clinical observation.展开更多
Decreased ovarian reserve is one of the hot topics in current research.This article discusses the mechanism of acupuncture treatment of decreased ovarian reserve through the current acupuncture and moxibustion experim...Decreased ovarian reserve is one of the hot topics in current research.This article discusses the mechanism of acupuncture treatment of decreased ovarian reserve through the current acupuncture and moxibustion experimental research on the endocrine system and immune system.展开更多
Cellular senescence and its senescence-associated secretory phenotype(SASP)represent a pivotal role in the development of skeletal diseases.Targeted elimination or rejuvenation of senescent cells has shown potential a...Cellular senescence and its senescence-associated secretory phenotype(SASP)represent a pivotal role in the development of skeletal diseases.Targeted elimination or rejuvenation of senescent cells has shown potential as a therapeutic strategy to reverse age-related skeletal senescence and promote bone regeneration.Meanwhile,other age-related mechanisms,involving altered cellular functions,impaired intercellular crosstalk,disturbed tissue microenvironment,and decreased regenerative capacity,synergistically contribute to the pathogenesis.In this review,we outline the cellular senescence and other age-related mechanisms in developing skeletal diseases,including osteoporosis,intervertebral disc degeneration,osteoarthritis,rheumatoid arthritis,bone tumors and ankylosing spondylitis,with the aim of comprehensively understanding their detrimental effects on the aged skeleton and screening the potential targets for anti-aging therapy within the skeletal system.展开更多
Soil microbial communities and grassland ecosystem processes are increasingly confronted with multiple global change factors(GCFs).There is still a lack of research on how these multiple GCFs interact and impact soil ...Soil microbial communities and grassland ecosystem processes are increasingly confronted with multiple global change factors(GCFs).There is still a lack of research on how these multiple GCFs interact and impact soil microbial communities and their functions.To address this gap,we conducted a simulation experiment to examine the individual and interactive effects of the four most critical and prevalent GCFs,elevated carbon dioxide concentration(eCO_(2)),elevated temperature(eT),decreased precipitation(dP),and elevated nitrogen(N)deposition(eN).This study focused on their effects on soil physicochemical properties,bacterial and fungal communities,and extracellular enzyme activities(EEAs)related to carbon(C),N,and phosphorus(P)cycles in a temperate grassland.Results showed that eCO_(2),eN,and dP tended to increase EEAs,while having neutral effects on microbial diversity and community composition.On the other hand,eT resulted in decreases in soil pH,total C,total N,EEAs,and microbial diversity,but increases in plant biomass,total P,microbial richness,and network complexity and stability.This shift in the nutrient limitation from P to N under warming conditions resulted in decoupling of nutrients.Neutral or slightly negative relationships were found between enzyme activities and microbial richness,diversity,and dominant species,and the responses of microbial communities and ecological functions were asynchronous under GCFs.Importantly,our results revealed significant higher-order interactions among GCFs and found that they had notable effects on soil physicochemical properties as well as on microbial communities and ecological functions.These findings provide valuable insights and suggestions for ecological adaptations to future global changes.展开更多
Objectives:Short video addiction has emerged as a significant public health issue in recent years,with a growing trend toward severity.However,research on the causes and impacts of short video addiction remains limite...Objectives:Short video addiction has emerged as a significant public health issue in recent years,with a growing trend toward severity.However,research on the causes and impacts of short video addiction remains limited,and understanding of the variable“TikTok brain”is still in its infancy.Therefore,based on the Stimulus-Organism-Behavior-Consequence(SOBC)framework,we proposed six research hypotheses and constructed a model to explore the relationships between short video usage intensity,TikTok brain,short video addiction,and decreased attention control.Methods:Given that students are considered a high-risk group for excessive short video use,we collected 1086 valid participants from Chinese student users,including 609 males(56.1%)and 477 females(43.9%),with an average participant age of 19.84 years,to test the hypotheses.Results:(1)Short video usage intensity was positively related to short video addiction,TikTok brain,and decreased attention control;(2)TikTok brain was positively related to short video addiction and decreased attention control;and(3)Short video addiction was positively related to decreased attention control.Conclusions:These findings suggest that although excessive use of short video applications brings negative consequences,users still spend significant amounts of time on these platforms,indicating a need for strict self-regulation of usage time.展开更多
Optimal torque(OT)control is a widely used method for maximum power point tracking(MPPT)due to its simplicity.In order to overcome the adverse impacts of turbulent wind speed variations on MPPT,in several methods,modi...Optimal torque(OT)control is a widely used method for maximum power point tracking(MPPT)due to its simplicity.In order to overcome the adverse impacts of turbulent wind speed variations on MPPT,in several methods,modification factors have been proposed to dynamically modify the ideal power curve for OT control.However,this paper finds that the update cycles used in existing methods to adjust power curve modification factors are very long and hence these factors are difficult to be updated in a timely manner along with the wind speed variations.This thereby may deteriorate the effectiveness of wind energy extraction.Therefore,an optimal decreased torque gain(DTG)control method is proposed in this paper.Based on the persistence method,an offline mapping from the wind speed and rotor speed to optimal modification factors is established via optimal control theory.The power curve can be periodically modified online through the mapping relationship.In this method,the update cycles for these power curve modification factors are shortened from tens of minutes to seconds.The simulations and experiments show that the proposed method is more efficient than others in terms of energy extraction under varying wind speeds,especially for turbulent wind cases.展开更多
The honey badger algorithm(HBA),as a new swarm intelligence(SI)optimization algorithm,has shown certain effectiveness in its applications.Aiming at the problems of unsatisfactory initial population distribution of HBA...The honey badger algorithm(HBA),as a new swarm intelligence(SI)optimization algorithm,has shown certain effectiveness in its applications.Aiming at the problems of unsatisfactory initial population distribution of HBA,poor ability to avoid local optimum,and slow convergence speed,this paper proposes a multi-strategy improved HBA based on periodical mutation and t-distribution perturbation,called MHBA.Firstly,a good point set population initialization is introduced to get a uniform initial population.Secondly,periodic mutation and t-distribution perturbation are successively used to improve the algorithm’s ability to avoid local optimum.Finally,the density factor is improved for balancing exploration and exploitation.By comparing MHBA with HBA and 7 other SIs on 6 benchmark functions,it is evident that the performance of MHBA is far superior to HBA.In addition,by applying MHBA to robot path planning,MHBA can identify the shortest path more quickly and consistently compared with competitors.展开更多
In the context of the prevalent winter air quality issues in China marked by declining PM_(2.5)and rising O_(3),this study employed amodified WRF-Chem model to examine the aerosol radiation interaction(ARI),heterogene...In the context of the prevalent winter air quality issues in China marked by declining PM_(2.5)and rising O_(3),this study employed amodified WRF-Chem model to examine the aerosol radiation interaction(ARI),heterogeneous chemistry(AHC),and their combined impact(ALL)on the variations in O_(3)and PM_(2.5)during the 2014–2020 in eastern China.Our analysis confirmed that ARI curtailed O_(3)while elevating PM_(2.5).AHC reduced O_(3)through heterogeneous absorption of NOx and hydroxideswhile notably fostering fine-grained sulfate,resulting in a PM_(2.5)increase.Emission reductions mitigated the inhibitory impact of ARI on meteorological fields and photolysis rates.Emission reduction individually without aerosol feedback led to a 5.43 ppb O_(3)increase and a 22.89μg/m^(3)PM_(2.5)decrease.ARI and AHC amplified the emission-reduction-induced(ERI)O_(3)rise by 1.83 and 0.31 ppb,respectively.The response of ARI to emission diminution brought about a modest PM_(2.5)increase of 0.31μg/m^(3).Conversely,AHC,acting as the primary contributor,caused a noteworthy PM_(2.5)decrease of 4.60μg/m^(3).As efforts concentrate on reducing PM_(2.5),the promotion of ARI on PM_(2.5)counterbalanced the efficacy of emission reduction and the AHC-induced strengthening of PM_(2.5)decrease.The ALL magnified the ERI O_(3)increase by 38.9%and PM_(2.5)decrease by 18.7%.Sensitivity experiments with different degrees of emission reduction demonstrated a consistent linear relationship between the ALL-induced enhancement of O_(3)increase and PM_(2.5)decrease to the ERI PM_(2.5)decline.Our investigation revealed the complex connection between emissions and aerosol feedback in influencing air quality.展开更多
The discontinuation of denosumab[antibody targeting receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand(RANKL)]therapy may increase the risk of multiple vertebral fractures;however,the underlying pathophysiology is la...The discontinuation of denosumab[antibody targeting receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand(RANKL)]therapy may increase the risk of multiple vertebral fractures;however,the underlying pathophysiology is largely unknown.In patients who underwent discontinuation after multiple injections of denosumab,the levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b increased compared to pretreatment levels,indicating a phenomenon known as“overshoot.”The rate of decrease in bone mineral density during the withdrawal period was higher than the rate of decrease associated with aging,suggesting that the physiological bone metabolism had broken down.Overshoot and significant bone loss were also observed in mice receiving continuous administration of anti-RANKL antibody after treatment was interrupted,resembling the original pathology.In mice long out of overshoot,bone resorption recovered,but osteoblast numbers and bone formation remained markedly reduced.The bone marrow exhibited a significant reduction in stem cell(SC)antigen 1-and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha-expressing osteoblast progenitors(PαS cells)and alkaline phosphatase-positive early osteoblasts.Just before the overshoot phase,the osteoclast precursor cell population expands and RANKL-bearing extracellular vesicles(EVs)became abundant in the serum,leading to robust osteoclastogenesis after cessation of anti-RANKL treatment.Thus,accelerated bone resorption due to the accumulation of RANKLbearing EVs and long-term suppression of bone formation uncoupled from bone resorption leads to the severe bone loss characteristic of denosumab discontinuation.展开更多
Nonlinear transforms have significantly advanced learned image compression(LIC),particularly using residual blocks.This transform enhances the nonlinear expression ability and obtain compact feature representation by ...Nonlinear transforms have significantly advanced learned image compression(LIC),particularly using residual blocks.This transform enhances the nonlinear expression ability and obtain compact feature representation by enlarging the receptive field,which indicates how the convolution process extracts features in a high dimensional feature space.However,its functionality is restricted to the spatial dimension and network depth,limiting further improvements in network performance due to insufficient information interaction and representation.Crucially,the potential of high dimensional feature space in the channel dimension and the exploration of network width/resolution remain largely untapped.In this paper,we consider nonlinear transforms from the perspective of feature space,defining high-dimensional feature spaces in different dimensions and investigating the specific effects.Firstly,we introduce the dimension increasing and decreasing transforms in both channel and spatial dimensions to obtain high dimensional feature space and achieve better feature extraction.Secondly,we design a channel-spatial fusion residual transform(CSR),which incorporates multi-dimensional transforms for a more effective representation.Furthermore,we simplify the proposed fusion transform to obtain a slim architecture(CSR-sm),balancing network complexity and compression performance.Finally,we build the overall network with stacked CSR transforms to achieve better compression and reconstruction.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve superior ratedistortion performance compared to the existing LIC methods and traditional codecs.Specifically,our proposed method achieves 9.38%BD-rate reduction over VVC on Kodak dataset.展开更多
Objective To understand the iodine nutritional status of people in Qinghai Province after implementation of new standard of salt iodine,and provide the basis for prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders.M...Objective To understand the iodine nutritional status of people in Qinghai Province after implementation of new standard of salt iodine,and provide the basis for prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders.Methods The monitoring data of 2011 and 2014展开更多
Hot torsion tests for AZ80 magnesium alloy were carried out in the temperature range of 380℃-260℃,with a constant decreasing temperature rate of 10℃/s in order to weaken the basal texture and refine the grains.The ...Hot torsion tests for AZ80 magnesium alloy were carried out in the temperature range of 380℃-260℃,with a constant decreasing temperature rate of 10℃/s in order to weaken the basal texture and refine the grains.The results indicated that the average grain sizes were refined forming gradient structure with increasing specimen radial position from center(12.2-5.4μm),and that the initial basal texture intensity of the extruded magnesium alloy was weakened from 46.2 to 8.3.Furthermore,the extension twins(ETs)could be disintegrated from the twins forming separated twins with smaller sizes.Interestingly,ETs with the same twin variant intersecting with each other could be coalesced forming grains with similar orientation,while ETs with different twin variants were separated by twins boundaries contributing to grain refinement.Moreover,in addition to the conventional continuous dynamic recrystallized(CDRX)grains with 30˚orientation rotated around C-axis of the parent grains,CDRXed grains with 30˚rotation around a-axis and random rotation axis were also discerned.Besides,the CDRX evolution induced twins were also elaborated,exhibiting the complex competition between CDRX and twining.Hot torsion deformation with constant decreasing temperatures rate is an effective way of grain refinement and texture modification.展开更多
文摘The RPL(IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks)protocol is essential for efficient communi-cation within the Internet of Things(IoT)ecosystem.Despite its significance,RPL’s susceptibility to attacks remains a concern.This paper presents a comprehensive simulation-based analysis of the RPL protocol’s vulnerability to the decreased rank attack in both static andmobilenetwork environments.We employ the Random Direction Mobility Model(RDM)for mobile scenarios within the Cooja simulator.Our systematic evaluation focuses on critical performance metrics,including Packet Delivery Ratio(PDR),Average End to End Delay(AE2ED),throughput,Expected Transmission Count(ETX),and Average Power Consumption(APC).Our findings illuminate the disruptive impact of this attack on the routing hierarchy,resulting in decreased PDR and throughput,increased AE2ED,ETX,and APC.These results underscore the urgent need for robust security measures to protect RPL-based IoT networks.Furthermore,our study emphasizes the exacerbated impact of the attack in mobile scenarios,highlighting the evolving security requirements of IoT networks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81774408,No.81973957)the Youth Science Fund Project(No.81804179)the Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX21_1653)。
文摘Objective:Moxibustion,a common therapy in traditional Chinese medicine,has potential benefits for treating decreased ovarian reserve(DOR).The present study investigates the protective effect of moxibustion in a rat model of DOR and explores the possible mechanisms.Methods:Sixty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups:control,DOR,moxibustion(MOX),and hormone replacement therapy(HRT).The DOR rat model was established by intragastric administration of 50 mg/kg Tripterygium glycoside suspension(TGS),once daily for 14 days.MOX and HRT treatments were given from the day TGS administration was initiated.The ovarian reserve function was evaluated by monitoring the estrus cycle,morphological changes in ovaries,levels of serum estradiol(E2),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),and anti-Mullerian hormone(AMH),pregnancy rate and embryo numbers.Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nickend-labeling staining was used to identify ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis,while the protein and m RNA expressions of Bax,B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2),phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3 K)and protein kinase B(AKT)in ovarian tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry,Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Results:Compared with the DOR group,MOX improved the disordered estrous cycle,promoted follicular growth,reduced the number of atresia follicles,increased the concentrations of serum E2 and AMH,and decreased serum FSH and LH concentrations.More importantly,the pregnancy rate and embryo numbers in DOR rats were both upregulated in the MOX treatment group,compared to the untreated DOR model.Further,we found that the MOX group had reduced apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells,increased Bcl-2 expression and reduced expression of Bax.Furthermore,the PI3 K/AKT signaling pathway was triggered by the moxibustion treatment.Conclusion:Moxibustion improved ovarian function and suppressed apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells in a rat model of DOR induced by TGS,and the mechanism may involve the PI3 K/AKT signaling pathway.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81100240)‘985’ project of Sun Yat-Sen University grant+2 种基金Sun Yat-Sen university young teachers training project (13YKPY42)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(S2012010009495)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,China(2012B031800185)
文摘Age related defect of the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells（MSCs） plays a key role in osteoporosis. Mechanical loading is one of the most important physical stimuli for osteoblast differentiation.Here, we compared the osteogenic potential of MSCs from young and adult rats under three rounds of 2 h of cyclic stretch of 2.5% elongation at 1 Hz on 3 consecutive days. Cyclic stretch induced a significant osteogenic differentiation of MSCs from young rats, while a compromised osteogenesis in MSCs from the adult rats.Accordingly, there were much more reactive oxygen species（ROS） production in adult MSCs under cyclic stretch compared to young MSCs. Moreover, ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine rescued the osteogenic differentiation of adult MSCs under cyclic stretch. Gene expression analysis revealed that superoxide dismutase 1（SOD1） was significantly downregulated in those MSCs from adult rats. In summary, our data suggest that reduced SOD1 may result in excessive ROS production in adult MSCs under cyclic stretch, and thus manipulation of the MSCs from the adult donors with antioxidant would improve their osteogenic ability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.19891180)
文摘Using a special constant deflection device, the changes in dislocation configuration ahead of a loaded crack tip for 60Fe40Ni alloy. before and after magnetization in a magnetic field, have been studied in TEM. The results showed that the magnetization for 60Fe40Ni alloy could enhance dislocation emission, multiplication and motion. Also, the mechanical properties of 60Fe40Ni alloy, in air and in the magnetic field respectively have been investigated using the slow strain rate tension. And the results indicated that magnetization could make the yield strength corresponding to decrease by 26 percent, but did not influence the ultimate tensile strength and the fracture strain, which showed that magnetization could enhance plastic deformation.
基金supported by the grant from the Foundation of First Clinical Hospital of Harbin Medical University(No.2009B19)
文摘The aim of the study was to investigate whether the expression of obestatin in gastric body mucosa in abdominal obesity patients with normal body mass index （BMI） is different compared with healthy controls. Twenty abdominal obesity patients with normal BMI and twenty healthy controls were included in the study. The number of obestatin-positive cells in gastric body mucosa was significantly lower in abdominal obesity patients with normal BMI than that in healthy subjects.
基金Supported by Suzhou Science&Technology Plan Project(SKJY2021134,SYSD2020217,SYSD2019242)the Ninth Batch of Suzhou Gusu Key Health Talents Project(GSWS2022107)。
文摘[Objectives]To analyze the characteristics and rules of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in the treatment of decreased ovarian reserve(DOR)in Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine.[Methods]A total of 107 patients with DOR in Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine were selected for sorting,and the usage,classification,nature,taste and meridian homing of the used drugs were statistically analyzed.[Results]A total of 107 patients were included in this stud and a total of 189 flavors of TCM are used.The total frequency of drugs was 4345 times,and a total of 535 prescriptions were issued.The top five frequency of drug use were 2261 times(50.04%)of Paeoniae Radix Alba(Cynanchum otophyllum Schneid.),2037 times(46.88%)of Corni Fructus(Cornus officinalis Sieb.et Zucc.),1818 times(41.84%)of Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata[Rehmannia glutinosa(Gaertn.)Libosch EX Fisch.et Mey.],1610 times(37.05%)of Guiban[Chinemys reevesii(Gray)],and 1303 times(29.99%)of Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis(Uncariar hynchophylla Miq.ex Havil.).Kidney deficiency syndrome accounted for the largest proportion at 51.40%,and the use frequency of tonic drugs accounted for the highest at 50.64%;heat-clearing drugs and qi and blood-boosting drugs separately accounted for 19.24%and 17.39%;the top 3 medicinal tastes are sweet(52.02%),pungent(20.71%)and bitter(20.32%);medicinal properties are ranked as warm(60.54%),cold(24.16%),hot(8.72%)and cool(6.49%);the main meridians are spleen,lung,liver,stomach and kidney.[Conclusions]The basic pathogenesis of DOR is deficiency of qi and blood,mainly due to dysfunction of the spleen,lung,liver,liver,stomach and other organs,and kidney deficiency and spleen deficiency are more common.
文摘The proliferative response of T-cells to autolo-gous non-T-cells is referred to as the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR). Recent studies have suggested that AMLR represents a mechanism of immune regulation in vivo. We investigated AMLR in patients with acute- and chronic myeloid leukemia (AML and CML). AMLR was found to be significantly depressed (P<0.001) in AML patients (n=17, cpm=532±95) and CML patients (n=13, cpm=688±99) when compared with that of their healthy HLA-identical siblings serving as controls (n=17, cpm=4152±619 and n=13 cpm=4086±421, respectively). In order to understand the cellular basis of the defective AMLR in patients with AML end CML, we performed mitogen-treated T-cell cultures analysis of T-cell subsets and HLA-Ⅱ antigen detection on monocytes. The results indicated that the defect of AMLR in patients resided at the stimulator monocyte level rather than at the responder T-cell level. Enumeration of monocytes reactive with monoclonal antibody Tu22, which recognizes determinants of HLA-DQ, demonstrated that ML patients had a significantly decreased (P<0.091) number of circulating Tu22+ monocytes when compared with normal controls. These studies suggest that a deficiency of HLA-DQ+ monocytes contributes to the depression of AMLR in ML and possibly underlies the abnormalities of immune response present in this disease.
文摘Aims T-type Ca<sup>2+</sup> current(I<sub>CaT</sub>)plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation（AF）.The present study sought to investigate the role of Macrophage migration inhibitory factor（MIF）,a pleiotropic cytokine,in the regulation of T-type Ca<sup>2+</sup> channel in atrium myocytes.Methods We used whole-cell voltage-clamp technique and biochemical assays to study the regulation and expression of I<sub>Ca</sub>,T in mouse atrium myocytes（HL-1 cells）.Results Serum MIF concentrations was slightly increased in patients with AF compared to sinus rhythm（SR） controls.In cultured HL-1 cells, significant amounts of MIF were produced in response to hydrogen peroxide（H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>）,but not AngiotensinⅡ（AngⅡ）. Mouse recombinant MIF（rMIF）（20 or 40 nM,24 h） suppressed peak ICa,T by-38%and-60%in a concentration-dependent manner,impaired the voltage-dependent activation of I<sub>Ca</sub>,T,and down-regulated of TCC alG mRNA.Src inhibitors genistein and PPl significantly enhanced ICaT.The depression of ICa,T induced by rMIF could be reversed by genistein and PP1.Conclusions MIFis involved in the pathogenesis of AF,probably by decreasing ICa,T through impairment of the channel function and activation of c-Src kinases in atrium myocytes.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> Ocular coloboma is the product of an error in the fetal fissure closure, normally occurring between the fifth and sixth weeks of gestation <a href="#R1" target="_blank">[1]</a>. It may involve the cornea, iris, zonula, ciliary body, choroid, retina and optic nerve. The incidence of this syndrome is 0.7 per 10,000 live-births <a href="#R1" target="_blank">[1]</a>. The aim of this observation is to present the first case of bilateral coloboma of the iris <a href="#R1" target="_blank">[1]</a>. This case was associated with an ametropia causing a decrease in visual acuity. <strong>Case Presentation:</strong> This was a clinical observation concerning a young 12-year-old patient who consulted for blurring of vision which had progressed for approximately 2 years. The ophthalmologic examination revealed an ametropia with a bilateral notch of the pupillary rim suggesting a bilateral coloboma. There was no association with another coloboma such as chorioretinal coloboma which is quite common and is accompanied frequently by visual symptoms. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> A visual impairment of the child can indicate ametropia. However, other congenital anomalies can be discovered as was the case in this clinical observation.
文摘Decreased ovarian reserve is one of the hot topics in current research.This article discusses the mechanism of acupuncture treatment of decreased ovarian reserve through the current acupuncture and moxibustion experimental research on the endocrine system and immune system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82172468,82372436)Outstanding Youth Fund of Jiangsu Province(BK2024047)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023T160553)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(SJCX22-1819).
文摘Cellular senescence and its senescence-associated secretory phenotype(SASP)represent a pivotal role in the development of skeletal diseases.Targeted elimination or rejuvenation of senescent cells has shown potential as a therapeutic strategy to reverse age-related skeletal senescence and promote bone regeneration.Meanwhile,other age-related mechanisms,involving altered cellular functions,impaired intercellular crosstalk,disturbed tissue microenvironment,and decreased regenerative capacity,synergistically contribute to the pathogenesis.In this review,we outline the cellular senescence and other age-related mechanisms in developing skeletal diseases,including osteoporosis,intervertebral disc degeneration,osteoarthritis,rheumatoid arthritis,bone tumors and ankylosing spondylitis,with the aim of comprehensively understanding their detrimental effects on the aged skeleton and screening the potential targets for anti-aging therapy within the skeletal system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52470174)the Joint Research Project on Ecological Protection and High-Quality Development in the Yellow River Basin,China(No.2022-YRUC-01-050209-01).
文摘Soil microbial communities and grassland ecosystem processes are increasingly confronted with multiple global change factors(GCFs).There is still a lack of research on how these multiple GCFs interact and impact soil microbial communities and their functions.To address this gap,we conducted a simulation experiment to examine the individual and interactive effects of the four most critical and prevalent GCFs,elevated carbon dioxide concentration(eCO_(2)),elevated temperature(eT),decreased precipitation(dP),and elevated nitrogen(N)deposition(eN).This study focused on their effects on soil physicochemical properties,bacterial and fungal communities,and extracellular enzyme activities(EEAs)related to carbon(C),N,and phosphorus(P)cycles in a temperate grassland.Results showed that eCO_(2),eN,and dP tended to increase EEAs,while having neutral effects on microbial diversity and community composition.On the other hand,eT resulted in decreases in soil pH,total C,total N,EEAs,and microbial diversity,but increases in plant biomass,total P,microbial richness,and network complexity and stability.This shift in the nutrient limitation from P to N under warming conditions resulted in decoupling of nutrients.Neutral or slightly negative relationships were found between enzyme activities and microbial richness,diversity,and dominant species,and the responses of microbial communities and ecological functions were asynchronous under GCFs.Importantly,our results revealed significant higher-order interactions among GCFs and found that they had notable effects on soil physicochemical properties as well as on microbial communities and ecological functions.These findings provide valuable insights and suggestions for ecological adaptations to future global changes.
基金supported by the International Joint Research Project of Huiyan International College,Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University(Grant Number:ICER202102).
文摘Objectives:Short video addiction has emerged as a significant public health issue in recent years,with a growing trend toward severity.However,research on the causes and impacts of short video addiction remains limited,and understanding of the variable“TikTok brain”is still in its infancy.Therefore,based on the Stimulus-Organism-Behavior-Consequence(SOBC)framework,we proposed six research hypotheses and constructed a model to explore the relationships between short video usage intensity,TikTok brain,short video addiction,and decreased attention control.Methods:Given that students are considered a high-risk group for excessive short video use,we collected 1086 valid participants from Chinese student users,including 609 males(56.1%)and 477 females(43.9%),with an average participant age of 19.84 years,to test the hypotheses.Results:(1)Short video usage intensity was positively related to short video addiction,TikTok brain,and decreased attention control;(2)TikTok brain was positively related to short video addiction and decreased attention control;and(3)Short video addiction was positively related to decreased attention control.Conclusions:These findings suggest that although excessive use of short video applications brings negative consequences,users still spend significant amounts of time on these platforms,indicating a need for strict self-regulation of usage time.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61773214).
文摘Optimal torque(OT)control is a widely used method for maximum power point tracking(MPPT)due to its simplicity.In order to overcome the adverse impacts of turbulent wind speed variations on MPPT,in several methods,modification factors have been proposed to dynamically modify the ideal power curve for OT control.However,this paper finds that the update cycles used in existing methods to adjust power curve modification factors are very long and hence these factors are difficult to be updated in a timely manner along with the wind speed variations.This thereby may deteriorate the effectiveness of wind energy extraction.Therefore,an optimal decreased torque gain(DTG)control method is proposed in this paper.Based on the persistence method,an offline mapping from the wind speed and rotor speed to optimal modification factors is established via optimal control theory.The power curve can be periodically modified online through the mapping relationship.In this method,the update cycles for these power curve modification factors are shortened from tens of minutes to seconds.The simulations and experiments show that the proposed method is more efficient than others in terms of energy extraction under varying wind speeds,especially for turbulent wind cases.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022ZD0119001)。
文摘The honey badger algorithm(HBA),as a new swarm intelligence(SI)optimization algorithm,has shown certain effectiveness in its applications.Aiming at the problems of unsatisfactory initial population distribution of HBA,poor ability to avoid local optimum,and slow convergence speed,this paper proposes a multi-strategy improved HBA based on periodical mutation and t-distribution perturbation,called MHBA.Firstly,a good point set population initialization is introduced to get a uniform initial population.Secondly,periodic mutation and t-distribution perturbation are successively used to improve the algorithm’s ability to avoid local optimum.Finally,the density factor is improved for balancing exploration and exploitation.By comparing MHBA with HBA and 7 other SIs on 6 benchmark functions,it is evident that the performance of MHBA is far superior to HBA.In addition,by applying MHBA to robot path planning,MHBA can identify the shortest path more quickly and consistently compared with competitors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42077192)the National Key Basic Research&Development Program of China(No.2020YFA0607802).
文摘In the context of the prevalent winter air quality issues in China marked by declining PM_(2.5)and rising O_(3),this study employed amodified WRF-Chem model to examine the aerosol radiation interaction(ARI),heterogeneous chemistry(AHC),and their combined impact(ALL)on the variations in O_(3)and PM_(2.5)during the 2014–2020 in eastern China.Our analysis confirmed that ARI curtailed O_(3)while elevating PM_(2.5).AHC reduced O_(3)through heterogeneous absorption of NOx and hydroxideswhile notably fostering fine-grained sulfate,resulting in a PM_(2.5)increase.Emission reductions mitigated the inhibitory impact of ARI on meteorological fields and photolysis rates.Emission reduction individually without aerosol feedback led to a 5.43 ppb O_(3)increase and a 22.89μg/m^(3)PM_(2.5)decrease.ARI and AHC amplified the emission-reduction-induced(ERI)O_(3)rise by 1.83 and 0.31 ppb,respectively.The response of ARI to emission diminution brought about a modest PM_(2.5)increase of 0.31μg/m^(3).Conversely,AHC,acting as the primary contributor,caused a noteworthy PM_(2.5)decrease of 4.60μg/m^(3).As efforts concentrate on reducing PM_(2.5),the promotion of ARI on PM_(2.5)counterbalanced the efficacy of emission reduction and the AHC-induced strengthening of PM_(2.5)decrease.The ALL magnified the ERI O_(3)increase by 38.9%and PM_(2.5)decrease by 18.7%.Sensitivity experiments with different degrees of emission reduction demonstrated a consistent linear relationship between the ALL-induced enhancement of O_(3)increase and PM_(2.5)decrease to the ERI PM_(2.5)decline.Our investigation revealed the complex connection between emissions and aerosol feedback in influencing air quality.
文摘The discontinuation of denosumab[antibody targeting receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand(RANKL)]therapy may increase the risk of multiple vertebral fractures;however,the underlying pathophysiology is largely unknown.In patients who underwent discontinuation after multiple injections of denosumab,the levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b increased compared to pretreatment levels,indicating a phenomenon known as“overshoot.”The rate of decrease in bone mineral density during the withdrawal period was higher than the rate of decrease associated with aging,suggesting that the physiological bone metabolism had broken down.Overshoot and significant bone loss were also observed in mice receiving continuous administration of anti-RANKL antibody after treatment was interrupted,resembling the original pathology.In mice long out of overshoot,bone resorption recovered,but osteoblast numbers and bone formation remained markedly reduced.The bone marrow exhibited a significant reduction in stem cell(SC)antigen 1-and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha-expressing osteoblast progenitors(PαS cells)and alkaline phosphatase-positive early osteoblasts.Just before the overshoot phase,the osteoclast precursor cell population expands and RANKL-bearing extracellular vesicles(EVs)became abundant in the serum,leading to robust osteoclastogenesis after cessation of anti-RANKL treatment.Thus,accelerated bone resorption due to the accumulation of RANKLbearing EVs and long-term suppression of bone formation uncoupled from bone resorption leads to the severe bone loss characteristic of denosumab discontinuation.
基金supported by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62031013)Guangdong Province Key Construction Discipline Scientific Research Capacity Improvement Project(Grant No.2022ZDJS117).
文摘Nonlinear transforms have significantly advanced learned image compression(LIC),particularly using residual blocks.This transform enhances the nonlinear expression ability and obtain compact feature representation by enlarging the receptive field,which indicates how the convolution process extracts features in a high dimensional feature space.However,its functionality is restricted to the spatial dimension and network depth,limiting further improvements in network performance due to insufficient information interaction and representation.Crucially,the potential of high dimensional feature space in the channel dimension and the exploration of network width/resolution remain largely untapped.In this paper,we consider nonlinear transforms from the perspective of feature space,defining high-dimensional feature spaces in different dimensions and investigating the specific effects.Firstly,we introduce the dimension increasing and decreasing transforms in both channel and spatial dimensions to obtain high dimensional feature space and achieve better feature extraction.Secondly,we design a channel-spatial fusion residual transform(CSR),which incorporates multi-dimensional transforms for a more effective representation.Furthermore,we simplify the proposed fusion transform to obtain a slim architecture(CSR-sm),balancing network complexity and compression performance.Finally,we build the overall network with stacked CSR transforms to achieve better compression and reconstruction.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve superior ratedistortion performance compared to the existing LIC methods and traditional codecs.Specifically,our proposed method achieves 9.38%BD-rate reduction over VVC on Kodak dataset.
文摘Objective To understand the iodine nutritional status of people in Qinghai Province after implementation of new standard of salt iodine,and provide the basis for prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders.Methods The monitoring data of 2011 and 2014
基金supported by key technology research and development project of ShanXi province(20201102019)Natural science foundation of Shanxi Province(201901D111167)+2 种基金Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(2020-117)JCKY2018408B003Magnesium alloy high-performance XXX multi-directional extrusion technologyXX supporting scientific research project(xxxx-2019-021).
文摘Hot torsion tests for AZ80 magnesium alloy were carried out in the temperature range of 380℃-260℃,with a constant decreasing temperature rate of 10℃/s in order to weaken the basal texture and refine the grains.The results indicated that the average grain sizes were refined forming gradient structure with increasing specimen radial position from center(12.2-5.4μm),and that the initial basal texture intensity of the extruded magnesium alloy was weakened from 46.2 to 8.3.Furthermore,the extension twins(ETs)could be disintegrated from the twins forming separated twins with smaller sizes.Interestingly,ETs with the same twin variant intersecting with each other could be coalesced forming grains with similar orientation,while ETs with different twin variants were separated by twins boundaries contributing to grain refinement.Moreover,in addition to the conventional continuous dynamic recrystallized(CDRX)grains with 30˚orientation rotated around C-axis of the parent grains,CDRXed grains with 30˚rotation around a-axis and random rotation axis were also discerned.Besides,the CDRX evolution induced twins were also elaborated,exhibiting the complex competition between CDRX and twining.Hot torsion deformation with constant decreasing temperatures rate is an effective way of grain refinement and texture modification.
