Water decoction is the main form of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)administered in clinics.Polysaccharides are major components of decoction.Recent studies reported that polysaccharides possess multiple pharmacologi...Water decoction is the main form of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)administered in clinics.Polysaccharides are major components of decoction.Recent studies reported that polysaccharides possess multiple pharmacological activities.However,the mechanism by which oral Chinese herbal polysaccharides play vital roles in the body remains uncertain.This review discussed the polysaccharides in Chinese herbal decoctions and their effects,direct and indirect.The direct impact of polysaccharides includes being absorbed into the body immunity regulation through Peyer’s patches;electrostatic adsorption,hydrophobic interaction,and glycoprotein receptors-induced antibacterial effects;prebiotic functions;gut microbiota structural regulation;and increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria.The indirect effects of the polysaccharides in Chinese herbal decoctions include phytochemical toxicity reduction and activity enhancement.Finally,their clinical and research significance is summarized and future research directions are discussed.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate optimal storage methods and shelf life determination for several representative bagged traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)decoctions under centralized preparation conditions in intelligent TCM...[Objectives]To investigate optimal storage methods and shelf life determination for several representative bagged traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)decoctions under centralized preparation conditions in intelligent TCM pharmacies.[Methods]First,the nourishing formula was prepared and packaged in bags.Under the three storage conditions of 37℃before cold storage(including full high temperature),cold storage before 37℃(including full cold storage),and alternating 37℃and cold storage,the 30 d cycle was investigated to determine the total microbial colony count,so as to determine a reasonable storage method of traditional Chinese medicine decoction.Secondly,five representative prescriptions were prepared and packaged in bags,stored under 37℃,room temperature and cold conditions.The investigation period was 30 d.The pH,total bacterial count and soluble solid content were measured,and the changes of each index were analyzed to obtain the shelf life of the bagged Chinese medicine decoction.[Results]First,the nourishing formula was investigated for 30 d.The microbial results of refrigeration after 1-2 d of 37℃,complete refrigeration and 37℃cooling with an alternate interval of 2 d or less met the requirements,while the microbial results of refrigeration after 3 d or above of 37℃,refrigeration after 1-5 d and then 37℃,complete 37℃,37℃and cooling with an alternate interval of 3 d or above excessive microorganism.Second,under the condition of 37℃storage,the pH of the five prescriptions decreased significantly,the total microbial colonies exceeded the standard,and the solid content decreased significantly.However,under the condition of room temperature and cold storage,the pH,total microbial colonies,and solid content of the five prescriptions remained stable.[Conclusions]The first is to refrigerate the decoction after 1-2 d of 37℃,completely refrigerate it,and refrigerate the decoction with an alternate interval of 2 d or less at 37℃.The shelf life can last for 30 d.Several storage conditions are conducive to guiding the development of the storage mode of the decoction.Second,under the conditions of cold storage,all the indexes were stable,and the shelf life of the five representative formulas was 30 d.展开更多
Xiexin decoctions(XXDs)display beneficial anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects,which raises interests on this group of formulae for broad clinical applications.However,there was no report about systematic analy...Xiexin decoctions(XXDs)display beneficial anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects,which raises interests on this group of formulae for broad clinical applications.However,there was no report about systematic analysis of XXDs to elucidate the constitution of chemical components,which hampers further investigations on the therapeutic values of XXDs.In this work,crude herbs were extracted and prepared to obtain the XXDs for systemic analysis on their chemical compositions,according to the information described in the ancient Zhang Zhongjing’s herbal formulae.LC-MS analysis of five XXDs was carried out to facilitate recognition of the source herbs for compounds in the mixture.A total number of 93 compounds were identified through our methods and their chemical classes encompassed five major groups,including protoberberine alkaloids,flavonoids,stilbenes,anthraquinones and saponins.Our current work provided important information about material basis for pharmacological studies on XXDs and would help shed light on relationships between chemical compositions and therapeutic effects.展开更多
Lead and cadmium in herbal medicines are highly toxic to living organisms even in low concentrations. An effective method is developed for analysis of trace lead and cadmium in Chinese herbal medicines and their decoc...Lead and cadmium in herbal medicines are highly toxic to living organisms even in low concentrations. An effective method is developed for analysis of trace lead and cadmium in Chinese herbal medicines and their decoctions by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). The effects of analytical conditions on absorbance were investigated and optimized. A water-dissolving capability for Pb and Cd was investigated, and the contents of different species in five Chinese herbal medicines and their decoctions were analyzed. The content ratios (kow) of n-octanol-soluble Pb or Cd to water-soluble Pb or Cd were evaluated, and the distribution of Pb and Cd in water decoction at stomach and intestine acidities was developed, in the first time. The contents of water-soluble Pb and Cd, n-octanol-soluble Pb and Cd, and their content ratios were related with the kind of medicine and the acidity of the decoction. The proposed method has the advantages of simple operation, high sensitivity and high speed, with 3 σ detection limits of 4.2 pg for Pb and 0.1 pg for Cd.展开更多
[Objectives]The effects of Dachengqi decoctions made from raw rhubarb and vinegar-processed rhubarb on serum endotoxin,NO and TNF-αlevels were investigated.[Methods]Total 105 mice were randomly divided into Dachengqi...[Objectives]The effects of Dachengqi decoctions made from raw rhubarb and vinegar-processed rhubarb on serum endotoxin,NO and TNF-αlevels were investigated.[Methods]Total 105 mice were randomly divided into Dachengqi decoction made from raw rhubarb groups(6,10 g/kg),Dachengqi decoction made from vinegar-processed rhubarb groups(6,10 g/kg),positive control group,blank control group and model group.After administration at a dose of 20 mL/kg,the levels of endotoxin,NO and TNF-αin serum were determined.The effects of Dachengqi decoctions made from raw rhubarb and vinegar-processed rhubarb on serum endotoxin,NO and TNF-αlevels in mice were compared.[Results]Dachengqi decoctions made from raw rhubarb and vinegar-processed rhubarb both increased the NO level and reduced the endotoxin and TNF-αlevels in serum of ABP mice.[Conclusions]Dachengqi decoctions made from raw rhubarb and vinegar-processed rhubarb have different effects on endotoxin,NO and TNF-αcontents.These changes correspond to the effects of Dachengqi Decoctions made from raw rhubarb and vinegar-processed rhubarb.The change in the content of rhubarb anthraquinones has a certain effect on the efficacy of Dachengqi decoction.展开更多
During the late Qing dynasty(1840 A.D.-1912 A.D.),a large quantity of Western medicines entered China,which continuously impacted the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)market and revealed the shortcomings of Chinese me...During the late Qing dynasty(1840 A.D.-1912 A.D.),a large quantity of Western medicines entered China,which continuously impacted the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)market and revealed the shortcomings of Chinese medicines.Some personages in the TCM community followed the trend of learning from the West,and attempted to reform TCM,with the improvement on decoction becoming an important aspect of this effort.Through debates and trials,the improvement on decoction underwent three stages of conceptual evolution:“taking Chinese medicines as the foundation and referring to the dosage forms of Western medicines”,“introducing Western techniques to serve the preparation of decoctions”and“integrating the theories of TCM and Western medicine to improve decoctions”.The study highlights the effective complementarity between modern TCM and Western medicine in the field of pharmacy,and provides valuable experience and support for the reevaluation of the value of TCM in contemporary society.展开更多
[Objectives]This study aims to investigate the effects of Dachengqi decoctions made from different processed products of rhubarb on water intake,defecation amount,urination amount,urination volume,dryness of stool,men...[Objectives]This study aims to investigate the effects of Dachengqi decoctions made from different processed products of rhubarb on water intake,defecation amount,urination amount,urination volume,dryness of stool,mental state and activity of ABP mice.[Methods]Total 165 mice were randomly divided into Dachengqi decoction groups(made from different processed products of rhubarb,6 and 10 g/kg),positive control group,blank control group and model group.The administration dosage was 20 mL/kg.With the metabolic cage integral method,the effects of Dachengqi decoctions made from different processed products of rhubarb on the water intake,defecation amount,urination volume,dryness of stool,mental state and activity of ABP mice were compared.[Results]Dachengqi decoctions all could soften stool and promote rapid defecation of the mice with fecal peritonitis of excess heat stagnation type except that made from carbonized rhubarb.The water intakes of all the Dachengqi decoction groups were higher than those of the positive control group and the model group,except the carbonized rhubarb-made Dachengqi decoction groups.[Conclusions]Dachengqi decoctions all have obvious purgative effect except those made from carbonized rhubarb.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To explore whether Gegen Qinlian decoction(葛根芩连汤,GQD)targets ferroptosis pathway to ameliorate experimental colitis in mice.METHODS:A mice model of dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)induced colitis was establi...OBJECTIVE:To explore whether Gegen Qinlian decoction(葛根芩连汤,GQD)targets ferroptosis pathway to ameliorate experimental colitis in mice.METHODS:A mice model of dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)induced colitis was established and therapeutic effects of GQD were determined by detecting body weight,disease activity index(DAI),colon length and histopathological changes.Then,the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,the expression levels of tight junction proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry and the expression levels of ferroptosis-associated proteins were detected by western blotting.RESULTS:GQD treatment attenuated weight loss and DAI score,increased colon length,ameliorated intestinal histopathological damage,inhibited colonic inflammatory cytokine release and enhanced epithelial barrier function in mice with ulcerative colitis(UC).Furthermore,GQD administration obviously improved the expression of ferroptosis-associated proteins(solute carrier family 7 member 11 and acyl-Co A synthetase long chain family member 4).CONCLUSION:GQD could exert a therapeutic effect on colitis by alleviating colon damage and promoting intestinal mucosal barrier repair in DSS-induced colitis mice through the inhibition of ferroptosis,which may provide an effective natural therapy for the treatment of UC.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the key targets and mechanisms of the Wenyang Huayin decoction(WYHYD,温阳化饮方)in treating bronchial asthma with cold fluid retention syndrome using network pharmacology and animal experiment...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the key targets and mechanisms of the Wenyang Huayin decoction(WYHYD,温阳化饮方)in treating bronchial asthma with cold fluid retention syndrome using network pharmacology and animal experiments.METHODS:On the one hand,we used network pharmacology method to explored the chemical components of the WYHYD and the main targets of bronchial asthma were acquired.Besides,a protein interaction network was built after protein interaction analysis to find potential protein functional modules.Then,we constructed the"WYHYD component-bronchial asthma target-pathway"network.On the other hand,the experimental intervention was as follows:first,we formed a rat model of bronchial asthma.Thereafter,we used the WYHYD to treat the disease while observing autophagyrelated indicators as the core target of network pharmacology.RESULTS:The network pharmacology revealed that there are 122 potential therapeutic targets in treating bronchial asthma with WYHYD.The biological processes mainly involved in the WYHYD included Gene Ontology:0110032:positive regulation of G2/MI transition of the medical cell cycle etc.and four major signaling pathways were involved.During laboratory investigations,various signs and clinical manifestations of the rat model group were the same.After administering the WYHYD,lung function,pathological sections,inflammatory factors,and other microscopic indicators improved to varying degrees,providing evidence for the study results.Meanwhile,we verified that the core targets of WYHYD in treating asthma through the intervention of autophagy are tumor necrosis factor,caspase 8,interleukin 1 beta,sirtuin 1,phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3,C-C chemokine receptor type 7,L/YN kinase,and protein tyrosine kinase 2.CONCLUSION:This preliminary study revealed the treatment process of bronchial asthma with multicomponent,multi-target,and multi-pathway mechanisms of the WYHYD.展开更多
Background:Parkinson’s disease(PD)is one of the most common movement disorders worldwide.Ziyin Xifeng Decoction(ZYXFD),a traditional Chinese medicine compound formula,has shown therapeutic efficacy in treating PD,but...Background:Parkinson’s disease(PD)is one of the most common movement disorders worldwide.Ziyin Xifeng Decoction(ZYXFD),a traditional Chinese medicine compound formula,has shown therapeutic efficacy in treating PD,but its specific mechanisms of action have not been fully elucidated.Methods:Firstly,we employed network pharmacology and untargeted metabolomics analysis to identify the core targets,pathways,and key metabolites of ZYXFD in the treatment of PD.Subsequently,we evaluated the protective effects of ZYXFD and further investigated its anti-PD mechanisms by validating the analytical results.Results:Combined analyses of network pharmacology and metabolomics identify the core targets including EGFR,SRC,PTGS2,and CDK2,while the effects of ZYXFD against PD are likely mediated primarily through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.Pharmacodynamic evaluation demonstrated that a high dose of ZYXFD significantly improved behavioral deficits in chronic PD mice,downregulatedα-synuclein protein expression,and protected dopaminergic neurons.It also regulated the expression of core targets,inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway,promoted autophagy,and reduced apoptosis.In vitro experiments further verified that the therapeutic effect of ZYXFD on PD is dependent on autophagy regulation.Conclusion:The findings demonstrated that ZYXFD alleviates PD by modulating related proteins and metabolites,inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway,and enhancing autophagy.This provides a theoretical basis for its broader application in PD treatment.展开更多
Objective: This study aims to systematically explore the mechanism of Dahuang Mudan Decoction in treating inflammatory bowel disease through metabolomic analysis, revealing its therapeutic effects and potential pathwa...Objective: This study aims to systematically explore the mechanism of Dahuang Mudan Decoction in treating inflammatory bowel disease through metabolomic analysis, revealing its therapeutic effects and potential pathways in mice, and providing a scientific basis for clinical treatment. Methods: An acute colitis model in mice was established by administering dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water continuously for 7 days. After successful modeling, the mice were randomly divided into an ulcerative colitis model group, a mesalazine group, and low-, medium-, and high-dose Dahuang Mudan Decoction groups. The intervention was administered via continuous gavage for 7 days. Body weight changes and colon length were recorded, and the disease activity index (DAI) and fecal occult blood status were monitored. Colon length was measured, and colon tissue was subjected to HE staining and pathological scoring to assess inflammatory damage. Intestinal tissue samples were collected for metabolomic analysis to screen for differential metabolites and perform pathway enrichment analysis. Results: The experimental results indicated that, compared with the model group, intervention with Dahuang Mudan Decoction significantly improved the colitis phenotype induced by DSS, as evidenced by alleviated weight loss, reduced DAI scores, decreased colon shortening, and mitigated histopathological damage, along with improved inflammatory cell infiltration and crypt structure destruction. Metabolomic analysis revealed a clear separation in metabolic profiles between the model and normal groups. Conclusion: Dahuang Mudan Decoction induced a holistic shift in the metabolic phenotype of the model mice, partially reverting/remodeling it toward the normal state.展开更多
This study explored the therapeutic targets and molecular mechanisms of Huangqi Guizhi Decoction (HGD) in alleviatingpulmonary embolism (PE) by employing network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques. Firstly,...This study explored the therapeutic targets and molecular mechanisms of Huangqi Guizhi Decoction (HGD) in alleviatingpulmonary embolism (PE) by employing network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques. Firstly, the effective activecomponents of the Chinese herbs in HGD were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database(TCMSP), and their potential therapeutic targets were predicted using the Swiss Target Prediction platform. Subsequently, PErelatedtarget genes were obtained from the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database and GeneCards database.Then, the Wei Sheng Xin tool was used to generate a Venn diagram for identifying the common targets between the herb-relatedtargets and PE-related targets. After screening these common targets, a “drug-component-target network” and a protein-proteininteraction (PPI) network were constructed. Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia ofGenes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were conducted on the intersecting targets, and molecular docking verificationwas performed using AutoDockTools and PyMol software. Finally, 20 active components were screened from Astragali Radix, 7from Cinnamomi Ramulus, 13 from Paeoniae Radix Alba, 5 from Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, and 29 from Jujubae Fructus, witha total of 983 therapeutic targets. Among these targets, 134 were associated with PE, and protein kinase B1 (AKT1), mitogenactivatedprotein kinase 1 (MAPK1), and transformation-related protein 53 (TP53) served as the core targets. The results of GOand KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that the alleviation of PE by HGD is mainly related to pathways including immuneresponse, regulation of gene expression, atherosclerosis, and tumorigenesis. Molecular docking results showed that the keyactive components in HGD could bind to the core targets spontaneously and stably. This study revealed that HGD may alleviatesymptoms in PE patients by regulating signaling pathways, modulating platelet function to exert anticoagulant effects, andregulating the expression of anti-inflammatory genes, which provided a direction for subsequent experimental research.展开更多
Taohong Siwu Decoction(THSWD), a traditional Chinese medicinal formulation, has been demonstrated to significantly modulate key signaling pathways implicated in atherosclerosis(AS). This review examines the complex me...Taohong Siwu Decoction(THSWD), a traditional Chinese medicinal formulation, has been demonstrated to significantly modulate key signaling pathways implicated in atherosclerosis(AS). This review examines the complex mechanisms through which THSWD influences critical pathways, including nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/serine-threonine kinase(AKT), Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4), mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK), and mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR), that play pivotal roles in AS pathogenesis. By synthesizing experimental evidence and existing literature, the review summarizes how THSWD and its bioactive constituents regulate these signaling cascades to ameliorate AS. Furthermore, it highlights the distinctive therapeutic advantages of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) compounds in managing chronic diseases driven by multi-target and multifactorial mechanisms. Analyzing disease targets from the perspective of signaling pathways enhances the scientific validation of clinical efficacy for such formulations, thereby offering novel insights for future research.展开更多
Objective To investigate the microbial mechanisms of Banxia Xiexin Decoction(半夏泻心汤,BXXXD)in the treatment of esophageal precancerous lesions.Methods A total of 30 specific pathogen-free(SPF)grade female C57BL/6J ...Objective To investigate the microbial mechanisms of Banxia Xiexin Decoction(半夏泻心汤,BXXXD)in the treatment of esophageal precancerous lesions.Methods A total of 30 specific pathogen-free(SPF)grade female C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to a control group(n=6)and a 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide(4-NQO)-exposed group(n=24).Esophageal precancerous lesions were induced by providing the 4-NQO-exposed group with 4-NQO in drinking water(100μg/mL)for 17 consecutive weeks,whereas control group received sterile drinking water.After model establishment,the mice in 4-NQOexposed group were further randomized into model group and three BXXXD-treated groups:low-dose(BXXXD-L,3.7 g/kg),medium-dose(BXXXD-M,7.4 g/kg),and high-dose(BXXXDH,14.8 g/kg)groups(n=6 per group).During the subsequent intervention period,mice in control and model groups were gavaged with sterile water,while mice in BXXXD groups were gavaged once daily with the corresponding dose of BXXXD aqueous extract for 4 weeks.Histopathological changes in esophageal tissues were observed by hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining.The fecal and esophageal microbiota were profiled via 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing to evaluate bacterial diversity,community structure,and co-occurrence networks.BXXXD chemical fingerprints were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole QExactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry(UHPLCQE-MS).Serum short-chain fatty acids(SCFA)level was quantified by targeted metabolomics using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Transcriptomic analysis of esophageal tissues was performed to assess gene expression profiles.Results Compared with model group,BXXXD-M group exhibited reduced mucosal hyperplasia and more orderly epithelial cell arrangement,with superior therapeutic effects in comparison with both BXXXD-L and BXXXD-H groups(P<0.01).Microbiota analysis revealed that BXXXD increased the abundance of beneficial Enterococcus and reduced pathogenic Escherichia-Shigella in the esophagus.In the gut,BXXXD elevated the relative abundance of beneficial taxa,including Lactobacillus,Dubosiella,Bacteroides,and Faecalibacterium.Targeted metabolomics showed that BXXXD significantly reduced total serum SCFA level(P<0.01).Transcriptomic analysis indicated that BXXXD downregulated the expression of genes associated with the progression,migration,and invasion of esophageal cancer,which were identified as kallikrein-related peptidase 6(Klk6),defensin beta 4(Defb4),family with sequence similarity 3 member B(Fam3b),carboxypeptidase A4(Cpa4),serum amyloid A1(Saa1),and chitinase-like 1(Chil1)(P<0.05).Conclusion BXXXD may reduce the expression levels of esophageal cancer-related genes and improve esophageal precancerous lesions through modulation of the gut microbiota and metabolites.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanism of Baitouweng Tang(白头翁汤,Pulsatilla decoction,PD)alleviates dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis(UC)in mice by integrating network pharmacology prediction with e...OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanism of Baitouweng Tang(白头翁汤,Pulsatilla decoction,PD)alleviates dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis(UC)in mice by integrating network pharmacology prediction with experimental validation,focusing on the modulation of inflammatory signaling.METHODS:A chronic UC model was induced in C57BL/6 mice by cyclical administration of DSS.Mice were treated with either a low(15 m L/kg)or high(30 m L/kg)dose of PD.Disease severity was assessed clinically and via histopathology.Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines were quantified.A network pharmacology approach was employed to predict the core targets and pathways of PD against UC.Key predictions concerning the toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B(TLR4/NF-κB)pathway were subsequently verified in colonic tissue using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting.RESULTS:PD treatment significantly ameliorated DSSinduced UC symptoms,including reducing disease activity,preventing colon shortening,and improving histological architecture.PD effectively rebalanced the systemic inflammatory milieu by decreasing proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and elevating anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-10(IL-10).Network pharmacology analysis identified the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway as a central target.Experimental validation confirmed that PD markedly suppressed the upregulation of both TLR4 and NF-κB at the transcriptional and protein levels in the inflamed colon.CONCLUSION:PD demonstrates protective effects against experimental UC.Its mechanism is associated with the inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and the subsequent attenuation of inflammatory responses.This study provides a modern pharmacological basis for the classical application of PD in treating heat-toxin related intestinal disorders,bridging traditional use and mechanistic understanding.展开更多
Ganmai Dazao Decoction,originating from“Jin Gui Yao Lue”(Synopsis of the Golden Chamber),is a classical prescription for treating visceral agitation.Composed of three medicinal and edible substances-licorice(Gancao)...Ganmai Dazao Decoction,originating from“Jin Gui Yao Lue”(Synopsis of the Golden Chamber),is a classical prescription for treating visceral agitation.Composed of three medicinal and edible substances-licorice(Gancao),wheat(Xiaomai),and jujube(Dazao),it functions to nourish the heart and calm the mind,harmonize the middle burner and regulate Qi,and alleviate urgency and restlessness.As its clinical application has expanded from traditional emotional disorders to neurological,endocrine,and various psychosomatic diseases,establishing a scientifically precise quality control system and deeply elucidating its pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of action have become critical tasks.Modern analytical methods,typified by chromatography,spectroscopy,and their hyphenated techniques,with their high sensitivity,high resolution,and powerful substance characterization capabilities,have become the core driving force for standardizing the quality control and modernizing the clinical application research of this formula.This paper systematically reviews the progress of the aforementioned analytical techniques and chemometrics in interpreting the chemical composition,establishing fingerprint profiles,controlling process quality,and researching the pharmacodynamic material basis of Ganmai Dazao Decoction.Furthermore,it discusses integrated approaches combining analytical techniques with pharmacology and clinical medicine to reveal mechanisms of action and explore therapeutic biomarkers.Finally,it provides an outlook on future directions and challenges,including technological integration and innovation,standardization of whole-process quality control systems,and evidence-based research aimed at internationalization.展开更多
BACKGROUND Chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)is a clinically refractory gastric disease often characterized by high recurrence rates and adverse drug reactions.Anwei decoction(AWD),a traditional Chinese medicine formula,...BACKGROUND Chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)is a clinically refractory gastric disease often characterized by high recurrence rates and adverse drug reactions.Anwei decoction(AWD),a traditional Chinese medicine formula,has been shown to significantly improve clinical symptoms in patients with CAG,as demonstrated by a multicenter cohort study(overall effective rate:82.5%,P<0.01).However,the unclear molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets of AWD limit its international acceptance.AIM To investigate the therapeutic mechanisms of AWD against CAG from an integrated perspective.METHODS In this study,N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine was used to establish a CAG rat model.Serum-derived constituents transferred from AWD were first identified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines in serum samples were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Moreover,gastric mucosal tissues were analyzed by quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction to measure messenger RNA(mRNA)levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome.Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of NLRP3,caspase-1,and interleukin(IL)-1β.To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms underlying AWD treatment,structural alterations of the gut microbiota(GM)and associated metabolites were analyzed using integrated high-throughput sequencing(16S rRNA)and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based untargeted metabolomics.This comprehensive approach systematically clarified AWD’s multi-target therapeutic mechanisms against CAG.RESULTS AWD notably reduced serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines,such as IL-1β,IL-18,tumor necrosis factor-α,and lipopolysaccharide,demonstrating significant statistical differences(all P<0.01).Additionally,AWD substantially inhibited NLRP3 mRNA expression in gastric mucosal tissue(P<0.01)and concurrently decreased the protein abundance of NLRP3,IL-1β,and caspase-1(all P<0.01),thereby suppressing inflammasome signaling activation.GM analysis indicated that AWD intervention significantly increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria.Associated microbial metabolites likely inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway by modulating immune cell function.Non-targeted metabolomics further indicated that AWD exerted anti-inflammatory effects by regulating critical metabolic pathways,including the Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection pathway,autophagy processes,and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis.CONCLUSION AWD alleviates the pathological progression of CAG through multi-target synergistic mechanisms.On one hand,AWD directly suppresses gastric mucosal inflammation by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation.On the other hand,AWD remodels intestinal microbiota-metabolite homeostasis,enhances intestinal barrier function,and regulates mucosal immune responses.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of optimizing Qinggan Jieyu decoction(清肝解郁方)on purinergic receptor P2X ligand-gated ion channel 7(P2X7R)and autophagy in migraine model rats based on molecular biology and his...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of optimizing Qinggan Jieyu decoction(清肝解郁方)on purinergic receptor P2X ligand-gated ion channel 7(P2X7R)and autophagy in migraine model rats based on molecular biology and histopathology.METHODS:A migraine rat model was established by a single subcutaneous nitroglycerin(NTG)injection into the posterior neck.QGJY was administered via gavage for 7 d prior to NTG induction.Behavioral changes,central sensitization biomarkers,and inflammatory cytokine levels were analyzed to evaluate migraine severity.Western blot,immunofluorescence,quantitative real-time PCR,and transmission electron microscopy were employed to assess P2X7R expression and autophagy activity in trigeminal nucleus caudalis(TNC)tissues.The P2X7R agonist 2'(3')-O-(4-Benzoylbenzoyl)adenosine-5'-triphosphate(Bz ATP)was further utilized to validate QGJY's regulatory effects.RESULTS:QGJY significantly reduced cage-climbing and head-scratching frequencies in NTG-induced migraine rats,downregulated serum and TNC levels of interleukin-1 beta,interleukin-6,and tumor necrosis factor-alpha,and suppressed central sensitization markers(substance P;calcitonin gene-related peptide;and c-fos induced growth factor)in TNC tissues(P<0.05).QGJY markedly decreased microglial cell counts and average immunofluorescence intensity in TNC tissues and promoted elongation of microglial protrusions(P<0.05).Concurrently,QGJY downregulated P2X7R protein and m RNA expression,reduced the light chain 3(LC3)-II/LC3-I ratio,elevated ubiquitin-binding protein p62 levels,and diminished autophagosome numbers in TNC tissues(P<0.05).Furthermore,QGJY reversed Bz ATP-induced P2X7R upregulation(P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:QGJY alleviates migraine and inhibits central sensitization in rats,potentially by downregulating P2X7R expression,concomitantly suppressing autophagy,attenuating microglial activation,and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine release.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the ameliorative effects of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction(HLJDD)on cognitive function impairment in an Alzheimer s disease(AD)mouse model induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis infection.[Methods]T...[Objectives]To investigate the ameliorative effects of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction(HLJDD)on cognitive function impairment in an Alzheimer s disease(AD)mouse model induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis infection.[Methods]Thirty-six male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to six groups:control group,model group,low-dose HLJDD group,medium-dose HLJDD group,high-dose HLJDD group,and positive drug group(treated with moxifloxacin).With the exception of the control group,all groups underwent an 8-week P.gingivalis chronic infection model induced via oral administration.Subsequently,each treatment group received corresponding doses of HLJDD(2.5,5,and 10 mg/g)or moxifloxacin for 8 weeks intervention.The novel object recognition test was employed to evaluate the non-spatial memory abilities of mice,and the novel object exploration preference index was calculated to assess cognitive function.[Results]Compared to the control group,the novel object exploration preference index of mice in the model group was significantly reduced(P<0.01),indicating that P.gingivalis infection effectively induced cognitive impairment.Relative to the model group,mice treated with medium and high doses of HLJDD exhibited a significant,dose-dependent increase in the novel object exploration preference index,whereas the low-dose group showed no significant improvement.Additionally,the positive drug moxifloxacin demonstrated a significant neuroprotective effect on cognition.[Conclusions]HLJDD effectively improves cognitive function impairment in AD model mice induced by P.gingivalis infection,offering novel experimental evidence supporting the heat-clearing and detoxification approach as well as the therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)compounds in the intervention of AD.展开更多
Background:ZhiZi-BoPi Decoction(ZZBPD),a traditional prescription for liver and gallbladder protection,has garnered significant clinical interest due to its hepatoprotective properties.Despite its proven efficacy in m...Background:ZhiZi-BoPi Decoction(ZZBPD),a traditional prescription for liver and gallbladder protection,has garnered significant clinical interest due to its hepatoprotective properties.Despite its proven efficacy in mitigating intrahepatic cholestasis,the precise mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects remain inadequately understood.This study aims to comprehensively investigate the pharmacological mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of ZZBPD in cholestatic liver injury(CLI).Methods:Firstly,we evaluated the hepatoprotective effects of ZZBPD on mice with CLI induced byα-naphthylisothiocyanate(ANIT),by measuring biochemical markers,inflammatory factors,and bile acid levels.Subsequently,we employed network pharmacology and single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)to identify key targets and potential signaling pathways for the prevention and treatment of CLI.Finally,we further validated the mechanism of action of ZZBPD on these key targets through molecular docking,western blotting,and immunofluorescence techniques.Results:ZZBPD notably improved serum liver function,reduced hepatic inflammation,and restored bile acid balance.Through network pharmacology and scRNA-seq analysis,48 core targets were identified,including TNF,IL-6,and NFKB1,all of which are linked to the IL-17 and NF-κB signaling pathways,as shown by KEGG enrichment analysis.Molecular docking further confirmed stable interactions between ZZBPD’s key active components and molecules such as IL-6,IL-17,and NF-κB.Additionally,western blotting and immunofluorescence validated the downregulation of IL-17 and NF-κB protein expression in liver tissue.Conclusion:ZZBPD effectively treats CLI by activating pathways related to the bile acid receptor FXR,while also modulating the IL-17/NF-κB signaling pathway.This dual action enhances bile secretion and alleviates liver inflammation.These findings offer important insights into the pharmacological mechanisms of ZZBPD and underscore its potential as a promising therapeutic for CLI.展开更多
基金by grants from the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(0005/2024/AKP,0075/2022/A,and 028/2022/ITP)the Zhuhai Science and Technology Plan Project in the Social Development Field(2220004000117)the University of Macao(MYRG-GRG2023-00082-ICMSUMDF,MYRG-GRG2024-00150-ICMS-UMDF and CPG2025-00030-ICMS).
文摘Water decoction is the main form of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)administered in clinics.Polysaccharides are major components of decoction.Recent studies reported that polysaccharides possess multiple pharmacological activities.However,the mechanism by which oral Chinese herbal polysaccharides play vital roles in the body remains uncertain.This review discussed the polysaccharides in Chinese herbal decoctions and their effects,direct and indirect.The direct impact of polysaccharides includes being absorbed into the body immunity regulation through Peyer’s patches;electrostatic adsorption,hydrophobic interaction,and glycoprotein receptors-induced antibacterial effects;prebiotic functions;gut microbiota structural regulation;and increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria.The indirect effects of the polysaccharides in Chinese herbal decoctions include phytochemical toxicity reduction and activity enhancement.Finally,their clinical and research significance is summarized and future research directions are discussed.
文摘[Objectives]To investigate optimal storage methods and shelf life determination for several representative bagged traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)decoctions under centralized preparation conditions in intelligent TCM pharmacies.[Methods]First,the nourishing formula was prepared and packaged in bags.Under the three storage conditions of 37℃before cold storage(including full high temperature),cold storage before 37℃(including full cold storage),and alternating 37℃and cold storage,the 30 d cycle was investigated to determine the total microbial colony count,so as to determine a reasonable storage method of traditional Chinese medicine decoction.Secondly,five representative prescriptions were prepared and packaged in bags,stored under 37℃,room temperature and cold conditions.The investigation period was 30 d.The pH,total bacterial count and soluble solid content were measured,and the changes of each index were analyzed to obtain the shelf life of the bagged Chinese medicine decoction.[Results]First,the nourishing formula was investigated for 30 d.The microbial results of refrigeration after 1-2 d of 37℃,complete refrigeration and 37℃cooling with an alternate interval of 2 d or less met the requirements,while the microbial results of refrigeration after 3 d or above of 37℃,refrigeration after 1-5 d and then 37℃,complete 37℃,37℃and cooling with an alternate interval of 3 d or above excessive microorganism.Second,under the condition of 37℃storage,the pH of the five prescriptions decreased significantly,the total microbial colonies exceeded the standard,and the solid content decreased significantly.However,under the condition of room temperature and cold storage,the pH,total microbial colonies,and solid content of the five prescriptions remained stable.[Conclusions]The first is to refrigerate the decoction after 1-2 d of 37℃,completely refrigerate it,and refrigerate the decoction with an alternate interval of 2 d or less at 37℃.The shelf life can last for 30 d.Several storage conditions are conducive to guiding the development of the storage mode of the decoction.Second,under the conditions of cold storage,all the indexes were stable,and the shelf life of the five representative formulas was 30 d.
基金supported by the National S&T Major Project(2018ZX09201011)the National Youth Top-notch Talent Support Program(W02070098).
文摘Xiexin decoctions(XXDs)display beneficial anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects,which raises interests on this group of formulae for broad clinical applications.However,there was no report about systematic analysis of XXDs to elucidate the constitution of chemical components,which hampers further investigations on the therapeutic values of XXDs.In this work,crude herbs were extracted and prepared to obtain the XXDs for systemic analysis on their chemical compositions,according to the information described in the ancient Zhang Zhongjing’s herbal formulae.LC-MS analysis of five XXDs was carried out to facilitate recognition of the source herbs for compounds in the mixture.A total number of 93 compounds were identified through our methods and their chemical classes encompassed five major groups,including protoberberine alkaloids,flavonoids,stilbenes,anthraquinones and saponins.Our current work provided important information about material basis for pharmacological studies on XXDs and would help shed light on relationships between chemical compositions and therapeutic effects.
文摘Lead and cadmium in herbal medicines are highly toxic to living organisms even in low concentrations. An effective method is developed for analysis of trace lead and cadmium in Chinese herbal medicines and their decoctions by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). The effects of analytical conditions on absorbance were investigated and optimized. A water-dissolving capability for Pb and Cd was investigated, and the contents of different species in five Chinese herbal medicines and their decoctions were analyzed. The content ratios (kow) of n-octanol-soluble Pb or Cd to water-soluble Pb or Cd were evaluated, and the distribution of Pb and Cd in water decoction at stomach and intestine acidities was developed, in the first time. The contents of water-soluble Pb and Cd, n-octanol-soluble Pb and Cd, and their content ratios were related with the kind of medicine and the acidity of the decoction. The proposed method has the advantages of simple operation, high sensitivity and high speed, with 3 σ detection limits of 4.2 pg for Pb and 0.1 pg for Cd.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81360524)Youth Foundation of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine(No.2019QN036)+1 种基金Project for Improving Basic Scientific Research Ability of Young and Middle-aged Teachers in Colleges and Universities of Guangxi in 2019(No.2019KY0341)Traditional Chinese Medicine Scientific Research Laboratory(Grade III)of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine:Laboratory of Chinese(Zhuang)Medicine Chemical and Quality Analysis(Guo Zhong Yi Yao Fa 2009[21]).
文摘[Objectives]The effects of Dachengqi decoctions made from raw rhubarb and vinegar-processed rhubarb on serum endotoxin,NO and TNF-αlevels were investigated.[Methods]Total 105 mice were randomly divided into Dachengqi decoction made from raw rhubarb groups(6,10 g/kg),Dachengqi decoction made from vinegar-processed rhubarb groups(6,10 g/kg),positive control group,blank control group and model group.After administration at a dose of 20 mL/kg,the levels of endotoxin,NO and TNF-αin serum were determined.The effects of Dachengqi decoctions made from raw rhubarb and vinegar-processed rhubarb on serum endotoxin,NO and TNF-αlevels in mice were compared.[Results]Dachengqi decoctions made from raw rhubarb and vinegar-processed rhubarb both increased the NO level and reduced the endotoxin and TNF-αlevels in serum of ABP mice.[Conclusions]Dachengqi decoctions made from raw rhubarb and vinegar-processed rhubarb have different effects on endotoxin,NO and TNF-αcontents.These changes correspond to the effects of Dachengqi Decoctions made from raw rhubarb and vinegar-processed rhubarb.The change in the content of rhubarb anthraquinones has a certain effect on the efficacy of Dachengqi decoction.
基金This research is financed by the grant from National Social Science Fund(No.18ZDA175).
文摘During the late Qing dynasty(1840 A.D.-1912 A.D.),a large quantity of Western medicines entered China,which continuously impacted the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)market and revealed the shortcomings of Chinese medicines.Some personages in the TCM community followed the trend of learning from the West,and attempted to reform TCM,with the improvement on decoction becoming an important aspect of this effort.Through debates and trials,the improvement on decoction underwent three stages of conceptual evolution:“taking Chinese medicines as the foundation and referring to the dosage forms of Western medicines”,“introducing Western techniques to serve the preparation of decoctions”and“integrating the theories of TCM and Western medicine to improve decoctions”.The study highlights the effective complementarity between modern TCM and Western medicine in the field of pharmacy,and provides valuable experience and support for the reevaluation of the value of TCM in contemporary society.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81360524)National Traditional Chinese Medicine Characteristic Technology Inheritance Talent Training Project(20184828005)+2 种基金Youth Foundation of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine(2019QN036)Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(2020GXNSFAA259059)In-hospital Preparation Development Project of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine(2017ZJ001).
文摘[Objectives]This study aims to investigate the effects of Dachengqi decoctions made from different processed products of rhubarb on water intake,defecation amount,urination amount,urination volume,dryness of stool,mental state and activity of ABP mice.[Methods]Total 165 mice were randomly divided into Dachengqi decoction groups(made from different processed products of rhubarb,6 and 10 g/kg),positive control group,blank control group and model group.The administration dosage was 20 mL/kg.With the metabolic cage integral method,the effects of Dachengqi decoctions made from different processed products of rhubarb on the water intake,defecation amount,urination volume,dryness of stool,mental state and activity of ABP mice were compared.[Results]Dachengqi decoctions all could soften stool and promote rapid defecation of the mice with fecal peritonitis of excess heat stagnation type except that made from carbonized rhubarb.The water intakes of all the Dachengqi decoction groups were higher than those of the positive control group and the model group,except the carbonized rhubarb-made Dachengqi decoction groups.[Conclusions]Dachengqi decoctions all have obvious purgative effect except those made from carbonized rhubarb.
基金National Natural Science Foundation Project:Study on the Mechanism of Gegen Qinlian Decoction in Reshaping Macrophage Polarization via Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidase 2-Mediated Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Formation for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis with Dampness-Heat Syndrome(No.82505455)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To explore whether Gegen Qinlian decoction(葛根芩连汤,GQD)targets ferroptosis pathway to ameliorate experimental colitis in mice.METHODS:A mice model of dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)induced colitis was established and therapeutic effects of GQD were determined by detecting body weight,disease activity index(DAI),colon length and histopathological changes.Then,the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,the expression levels of tight junction proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry and the expression levels of ferroptosis-associated proteins were detected by western blotting.RESULTS:GQD treatment attenuated weight loss and DAI score,increased colon length,ameliorated intestinal histopathological damage,inhibited colonic inflammatory cytokine release and enhanced epithelial barrier function in mice with ulcerative colitis(UC).Furthermore,GQD administration obviously improved the expression of ferroptosis-associated proteins(solute carrier family 7 member 11 and acyl-Co A synthetase long chain family member 4).CONCLUSION:GQD could exert a therapeutic effect on colitis by alleviating colon damage and promoting intestinal mucosal barrier repair in DSS-induced colitis mice through the inhibition of ferroptosis,which may provide an effective natural therapy for the treatment of UC.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China:Study on the Mechanism of Airway Inflammation in Rats with Bronchial Asthma Cold Drink Lung Syndrome Treated with Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 Regulated Autophagy(No.82004233)the Shandong Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project:Exploring the Mechanism of Xiaoqinglong Tang's Intervention in Bronchial Asthma Cold Drink Lung Syndrome through the"Temperature Sensing Channel Transient Receptor Potential Mitochondrial Autophagy"Pathway based on Transcriptomics Combined with Proteomics(No.MR20241737)+3 种基金Shandong Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project:Optimization of Ultrasonic Extraction Process and Study on Structure and Activity of Asarum Polysaccharides(No.Q-2023042)Shandong Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project:Study on the Mechanism of Ma Gui Synergistic Intervention on Airway Inflammatory Response in Rats with Asthma Cold Drink and Lung Accumulation Syndrome(No.Q-2023122)2023 Qilu Biancang Traditional Chinese Medicine Talent Cultivation ProjectShandong Province Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Plan Project:Study on the Mechanism of Airway Epithelial Cell Inflammation Induced by Cellular Autophagy Regulation lnc RNA Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 Antagonism Against Ovalbumin Intervention(No.202203020866)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the key targets and mechanisms of the Wenyang Huayin decoction(WYHYD,温阳化饮方)in treating bronchial asthma with cold fluid retention syndrome using network pharmacology and animal experiments.METHODS:On the one hand,we used network pharmacology method to explored the chemical components of the WYHYD and the main targets of bronchial asthma were acquired.Besides,a protein interaction network was built after protein interaction analysis to find potential protein functional modules.Then,we constructed the"WYHYD component-bronchial asthma target-pathway"network.On the other hand,the experimental intervention was as follows:first,we formed a rat model of bronchial asthma.Thereafter,we used the WYHYD to treat the disease while observing autophagyrelated indicators as the core target of network pharmacology.RESULTS:The network pharmacology revealed that there are 122 potential therapeutic targets in treating bronchial asthma with WYHYD.The biological processes mainly involved in the WYHYD included Gene Ontology:0110032:positive regulation of G2/MI transition of the medical cell cycle etc.and four major signaling pathways were involved.During laboratory investigations,various signs and clinical manifestations of the rat model group were the same.After administering the WYHYD,lung function,pathological sections,inflammatory factors,and other microscopic indicators improved to varying degrees,providing evidence for the study results.Meanwhile,we verified that the core targets of WYHYD in treating asthma through the intervention of autophagy are tumor necrosis factor,caspase 8,interleukin 1 beta,sirtuin 1,phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3,C-C chemokine receptor type 7,L/YN kinase,and protein tyrosine kinase 2.CONCLUSION:This preliminary study revealed the treatment process of bronchial asthma with multicomponent,multi-target,and multi-pathway mechanisms of the WYHYD.
基金funded by Zhejiang Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Program(No.2021ZZ012)The Changlin Qiu National Distinguished Senior Traditional Chinese Medicine Expert Heritage Workshop Project(No.GZS2021007).
文摘Background:Parkinson’s disease(PD)is one of the most common movement disorders worldwide.Ziyin Xifeng Decoction(ZYXFD),a traditional Chinese medicine compound formula,has shown therapeutic efficacy in treating PD,but its specific mechanisms of action have not been fully elucidated.Methods:Firstly,we employed network pharmacology and untargeted metabolomics analysis to identify the core targets,pathways,and key metabolites of ZYXFD in the treatment of PD.Subsequently,we evaluated the protective effects of ZYXFD and further investigated its anti-PD mechanisms by validating the analytical results.Results:Combined analyses of network pharmacology and metabolomics identify the core targets including EGFR,SRC,PTGS2,and CDK2,while the effects of ZYXFD against PD are likely mediated primarily through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.Pharmacodynamic evaluation demonstrated that a high dose of ZYXFD significantly improved behavioral deficits in chronic PD mice,downregulatedα-synuclein protein expression,and protected dopaminergic neurons.It also regulated the expression of core targets,inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway,promoted autophagy,and reduced apoptosis.In vitro experiments further verified that the therapeutic effect of ZYXFD on PD is dependent on autophagy regulation.Conclusion:The findings demonstrated that ZYXFD alleviates PD by modulating related proteins and metabolites,inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway,and enhancing autophagy.This provides a theoretical basis for its broader application in PD treatment.
文摘Objective: This study aims to systematically explore the mechanism of Dahuang Mudan Decoction in treating inflammatory bowel disease through metabolomic analysis, revealing its therapeutic effects and potential pathways in mice, and providing a scientific basis for clinical treatment. Methods: An acute colitis model in mice was established by administering dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water continuously for 7 days. After successful modeling, the mice were randomly divided into an ulcerative colitis model group, a mesalazine group, and low-, medium-, and high-dose Dahuang Mudan Decoction groups. The intervention was administered via continuous gavage for 7 days. Body weight changes and colon length were recorded, and the disease activity index (DAI) and fecal occult blood status were monitored. Colon length was measured, and colon tissue was subjected to HE staining and pathological scoring to assess inflammatory damage. Intestinal tissue samples were collected for metabolomic analysis to screen for differential metabolites and perform pathway enrichment analysis. Results: The experimental results indicated that, compared with the model group, intervention with Dahuang Mudan Decoction significantly improved the colitis phenotype induced by DSS, as evidenced by alleviated weight loss, reduced DAI scores, decreased colon shortening, and mitigated histopathological damage, along with improved inflammatory cell infiltration and crypt structure destruction. Metabolomic analysis revealed a clear separation in metabolic profiles between the model and normal groups. Conclusion: Dahuang Mudan Decoction induced a holistic shift in the metabolic phenotype of the model mice, partially reverting/remodeling it toward the normal state.
基金supported by Research Project on Traditional Chinese Medicine in Heilongjiang Province in 2025(Research on the pharmacological substance basis of Huangqi Guizhi decoction in improving acute pulmonary embolism and lung injury based on the theory of“Diaphoresis and expanding meridian”No.ZHY2025-043).
文摘This study explored the therapeutic targets and molecular mechanisms of Huangqi Guizhi Decoction (HGD) in alleviatingpulmonary embolism (PE) by employing network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques. Firstly, the effective activecomponents of the Chinese herbs in HGD were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database(TCMSP), and their potential therapeutic targets were predicted using the Swiss Target Prediction platform. Subsequently, PErelatedtarget genes were obtained from the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database and GeneCards database.Then, the Wei Sheng Xin tool was used to generate a Venn diagram for identifying the common targets between the herb-relatedtargets and PE-related targets. After screening these common targets, a “drug-component-target network” and a protein-proteininteraction (PPI) network were constructed. Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia ofGenes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were conducted on the intersecting targets, and molecular docking verificationwas performed using AutoDockTools and PyMol software. Finally, 20 active components were screened from Astragali Radix, 7from Cinnamomi Ramulus, 13 from Paeoniae Radix Alba, 5 from Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, and 29 from Jujubae Fructus, witha total of 983 therapeutic targets. Among these targets, 134 were associated with PE, and protein kinase B1 (AKT1), mitogenactivatedprotein kinase 1 (MAPK1), and transformation-related protein 53 (TP53) served as the core targets. The results of GOand KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that the alleviation of PE by HGD is mainly related to pathways including immuneresponse, regulation of gene expression, atherosclerosis, and tumorigenesis. Molecular docking results showed that the keyactive components in HGD could bind to the core targets spontaneously and stably. This study revealed that HGD may alleviatesymptoms in PE patients by regulating signaling pathways, modulating platelet function to exert anticoagulant effects, andregulating the expression of anti-inflammatory genes, which provided a direction for subsequent experimental research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 82104430 and 82274133)the Shanghai Sailing Program (No. 21YF1447600)the Future Plan for Traditional Chinese Medicine Development of Science and Technology of Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. WL-HBQN-2022002K)。
文摘Taohong Siwu Decoction(THSWD), a traditional Chinese medicinal formulation, has been demonstrated to significantly modulate key signaling pathways implicated in atherosclerosis(AS). This review examines the complex mechanisms through which THSWD influences critical pathways, including nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/serine-threonine kinase(AKT), Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4), mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK), and mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR), that play pivotal roles in AS pathogenesis. By synthesizing experimental evidence and existing literature, the review summarizes how THSWD and its bioactive constituents regulate these signaling cascades to ameliorate AS. Furthermore, it highlights the distinctive therapeutic advantages of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) compounds in managing chronic diseases driven by multi-target and multifactorial mechanisms. Analyzing disease targets from the perspective of signaling pathways enhances the scientific validation of clinical efficacy for such formulations, thereby offering novel insights for future research.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(82274369).
文摘Objective To investigate the microbial mechanisms of Banxia Xiexin Decoction(半夏泻心汤,BXXXD)in the treatment of esophageal precancerous lesions.Methods A total of 30 specific pathogen-free(SPF)grade female C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to a control group(n=6)and a 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide(4-NQO)-exposed group(n=24).Esophageal precancerous lesions were induced by providing the 4-NQO-exposed group with 4-NQO in drinking water(100μg/mL)for 17 consecutive weeks,whereas control group received sterile drinking water.After model establishment,the mice in 4-NQOexposed group were further randomized into model group and three BXXXD-treated groups:low-dose(BXXXD-L,3.7 g/kg),medium-dose(BXXXD-M,7.4 g/kg),and high-dose(BXXXDH,14.8 g/kg)groups(n=6 per group).During the subsequent intervention period,mice in control and model groups were gavaged with sterile water,while mice in BXXXD groups were gavaged once daily with the corresponding dose of BXXXD aqueous extract for 4 weeks.Histopathological changes in esophageal tissues were observed by hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining.The fecal and esophageal microbiota were profiled via 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing to evaluate bacterial diversity,community structure,and co-occurrence networks.BXXXD chemical fingerprints were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole QExactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry(UHPLCQE-MS).Serum short-chain fatty acids(SCFA)level was quantified by targeted metabolomics using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Transcriptomic analysis of esophageal tissues was performed to assess gene expression profiles.Results Compared with model group,BXXXD-M group exhibited reduced mucosal hyperplasia and more orderly epithelial cell arrangement,with superior therapeutic effects in comparison with both BXXXD-L and BXXXD-H groups(P<0.01).Microbiota analysis revealed that BXXXD increased the abundance of beneficial Enterococcus and reduced pathogenic Escherichia-Shigella in the esophagus.In the gut,BXXXD elevated the relative abundance of beneficial taxa,including Lactobacillus,Dubosiella,Bacteroides,and Faecalibacterium.Targeted metabolomics showed that BXXXD significantly reduced total serum SCFA level(P<0.01).Transcriptomic analysis indicated that BXXXD downregulated the expression of genes associated with the progression,migration,and invasion of esophageal cancer,which were identified as kallikrein-related peptidase 6(Klk6),defensin beta 4(Defb4),family with sequence similarity 3 member B(Fam3b),carboxypeptidase A4(Cpa4),serum amyloid A1(Saa1),and chitinase-like 1(Chil1)(P<0.05).Conclusion BXXXD may reduce the expression levels of esophageal cancer-related genes and improve esophageal precancerous lesions through modulation of the gut microbiota and metabolites.
基金Supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science,Study on the Structure-Activity Relationship and Mechanism of Licorice Chalcone Components in Synergizing with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Anticancer Therapy(No.ZR2020MH380)Mechanisms of the Novel Flavone C-Glycoside 6'-ORhamnosyllutonarin from Dianthus superbus Improves Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Modulating the Juxtaposed with Another Zinc Finger gene 1/Adenosine Monophosphate-activated Protein Kinase/Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein Pathway(No.ZR2024MC209)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanism of Baitouweng Tang(白头翁汤,Pulsatilla decoction,PD)alleviates dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis(UC)in mice by integrating network pharmacology prediction with experimental validation,focusing on the modulation of inflammatory signaling.METHODS:A chronic UC model was induced in C57BL/6 mice by cyclical administration of DSS.Mice were treated with either a low(15 m L/kg)or high(30 m L/kg)dose of PD.Disease severity was assessed clinically and via histopathology.Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines were quantified.A network pharmacology approach was employed to predict the core targets and pathways of PD against UC.Key predictions concerning the toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B(TLR4/NF-κB)pathway were subsequently verified in colonic tissue using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting.RESULTS:PD treatment significantly ameliorated DSSinduced UC symptoms,including reducing disease activity,preventing colon shortening,and improving histological architecture.PD effectively rebalanced the systemic inflammatory milieu by decreasing proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and elevating anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-10(IL-10).Network pharmacology analysis identified the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway as a central target.Experimental validation confirmed that PD markedly suppressed the upregulation of both TLR4 and NF-κB at the transcriptional and protein levels in the inflamed colon.CONCLUSION:PD demonstrates protective effects against experimental UC.Its mechanism is associated with the inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and the subsequent attenuation of inflammatory responses.This study provides a modern pharmacological basis for the classical application of PD in treating heat-toxin related intestinal disorders,bridging traditional use and mechanistic understanding.
文摘Ganmai Dazao Decoction,originating from“Jin Gui Yao Lue”(Synopsis of the Golden Chamber),is a classical prescription for treating visceral agitation.Composed of three medicinal and edible substances-licorice(Gancao),wheat(Xiaomai),and jujube(Dazao),it functions to nourish the heart and calm the mind,harmonize the middle burner and regulate Qi,and alleviate urgency and restlessness.As its clinical application has expanded from traditional emotional disorders to neurological,endocrine,and various psychosomatic diseases,establishing a scientifically precise quality control system and deeply elucidating its pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of action have become critical tasks.Modern analytical methods,typified by chromatography,spectroscopy,and their hyphenated techniques,with their high sensitivity,high resolution,and powerful substance characterization capabilities,have become the core driving force for standardizing the quality control and modernizing the clinical application research of this formula.This paper systematically reviews the progress of the aforementioned analytical techniques and chemometrics in interpreting the chemical composition,establishing fingerprint profiles,controlling process quality,and researching the pharmacodynamic material basis of Ganmai Dazao Decoction.Furthermore,it discusses integrated approaches combining analytical techniques with pharmacology and clinical medicine to reveal mechanisms of action and explore therapeutic biomarkers.Finally,it provides an outlook on future directions and challenges,including technological integration and innovation,standardization of whole-process quality control systems,and evidence-based research aimed at internationalization.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81860843Guangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Project,No.GZSY23-36 and No.GXZYA20240150。
文摘BACKGROUND Chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)is a clinically refractory gastric disease often characterized by high recurrence rates and adverse drug reactions.Anwei decoction(AWD),a traditional Chinese medicine formula,has been shown to significantly improve clinical symptoms in patients with CAG,as demonstrated by a multicenter cohort study(overall effective rate:82.5%,P<0.01).However,the unclear molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets of AWD limit its international acceptance.AIM To investigate the therapeutic mechanisms of AWD against CAG from an integrated perspective.METHODS In this study,N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine was used to establish a CAG rat model.Serum-derived constituents transferred from AWD were first identified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines in serum samples were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Moreover,gastric mucosal tissues were analyzed by quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction to measure messenger RNA(mRNA)levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome.Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of NLRP3,caspase-1,and interleukin(IL)-1β.To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms underlying AWD treatment,structural alterations of the gut microbiota(GM)and associated metabolites were analyzed using integrated high-throughput sequencing(16S rRNA)and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based untargeted metabolomics.This comprehensive approach systematically clarified AWD’s multi-target therapeutic mechanisms against CAG.RESULTS AWD notably reduced serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines,such as IL-1β,IL-18,tumor necrosis factor-α,and lipopolysaccharide,demonstrating significant statistical differences(all P<0.01).Additionally,AWD substantially inhibited NLRP3 mRNA expression in gastric mucosal tissue(P<0.01)and concurrently decreased the protein abundance of NLRP3,IL-1β,and caspase-1(all P<0.01),thereby suppressing inflammasome signaling activation.GM analysis indicated that AWD intervention significantly increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria.Associated microbial metabolites likely inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway by modulating immune cell function.Non-targeted metabolomics further indicated that AWD exerted anti-inflammatory effects by regulating critical metabolic pathways,including the Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection pathway,autophagy processes,and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis.CONCLUSION AWD alleviates the pathological progression of CAG through multi-target synergistic mechanisms.On one hand,AWD directly suppresses gastric mucosal inflammation by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation.On the other hand,AWD remodels intestinal microbiota-metabolite homeostasis,enhances intestinal barrier function,and regulates mucosal immune responses.
基金Supported by the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Innovation Fund:Multicenter Randomized Controlled Study on the Intervention of Yiqi Huoxue Huatan Tongluo decoction in Post-Stent Restenosis of Vertebral Arteries(No.CI2021A01308)In-Hospital Mentorship Program of Xiyuan Hospital,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences-Zhou Shaohua(No.0203055)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of optimizing Qinggan Jieyu decoction(清肝解郁方)on purinergic receptor P2X ligand-gated ion channel 7(P2X7R)and autophagy in migraine model rats based on molecular biology and histopathology.METHODS:A migraine rat model was established by a single subcutaneous nitroglycerin(NTG)injection into the posterior neck.QGJY was administered via gavage for 7 d prior to NTG induction.Behavioral changes,central sensitization biomarkers,and inflammatory cytokine levels were analyzed to evaluate migraine severity.Western blot,immunofluorescence,quantitative real-time PCR,and transmission electron microscopy were employed to assess P2X7R expression and autophagy activity in trigeminal nucleus caudalis(TNC)tissues.The P2X7R agonist 2'(3')-O-(4-Benzoylbenzoyl)adenosine-5'-triphosphate(Bz ATP)was further utilized to validate QGJY's regulatory effects.RESULTS:QGJY significantly reduced cage-climbing and head-scratching frequencies in NTG-induced migraine rats,downregulated serum and TNC levels of interleukin-1 beta,interleukin-6,and tumor necrosis factor-alpha,and suppressed central sensitization markers(substance P;calcitonin gene-related peptide;and c-fos induced growth factor)in TNC tissues(P<0.05).QGJY markedly decreased microglial cell counts and average immunofluorescence intensity in TNC tissues and promoted elongation of microglial protrusions(P<0.05).Concurrently,QGJY downregulated P2X7R protein and m RNA expression,reduced the light chain 3(LC3)-II/LC3-I ratio,elevated ubiquitin-binding protein p62 levels,and diminished autophagosome numbers in TNC tissues(P<0.05).Furthermore,QGJY reversed Bz ATP-induced P2X7R upregulation(P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:QGJY alleviates migraine and inhibits central sensitization in rats,potentially by downregulating P2X7R expression,concomitantly suppressing autophagy,attenuating microglial activation,and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine release.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82160832)Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(2017GXNS-FAA198255)+2 种基金Open Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience(GKLBCN-202206-02)Guangxi Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202410601029,S202410601113)The 4th Thousand Young and Middle-Aged Backbone Teachers Cultivation Program of Guangxi Higher Education Institutions.
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the ameliorative effects of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction(HLJDD)on cognitive function impairment in an Alzheimer s disease(AD)mouse model induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis infection.[Methods]Thirty-six male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to six groups:control group,model group,low-dose HLJDD group,medium-dose HLJDD group,high-dose HLJDD group,and positive drug group(treated with moxifloxacin).With the exception of the control group,all groups underwent an 8-week P.gingivalis chronic infection model induced via oral administration.Subsequently,each treatment group received corresponding doses of HLJDD(2.5,5,and 10 mg/g)or moxifloxacin for 8 weeks intervention.The novel object recognition test was employed to evaluate the non-spatial memory abilities of mice,and the novel object exploration preference index was calculated to assess cognitive function.[Results]Compared to the control group,the novel object exploration preference index of mice in the model group was significantly reduced(P<0.01),indicating that P.gingivalis infection effectively induced cognitive impairment.Relative to the model group,mice treated with medium and high doses of HLJDD exhibited a significant,dose-dependent increase in the novel object exploration preference index,whereas the low-dose group showed no significant improvement.Additionally,the positive drug moxifloxacin demonstrated a significant neuroprotective effect on cognition.[Conclusions]HLJDD effectively improves cognitive function impairment in AD model mice induced by P.gingivalis infection,offering novel experimental evidence supporting the heat-clearing and detoxification approach as well as the therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)compounds in the intervention of AD.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(No.82405004,82474253)the Natural Science Foundation postdoctoral project of Chongqing(CSTB2022NSCQ-BHX0709)+2 种基金Chongqing Wanzhou District doctoral“through train”scientific research project(wzstc-20220124)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(No.Cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0996)Chongqing Wanzhou District Science and Health Joint Medical Research Project(wzstc-kw2023032)。
文摘Background:ZhiZi-BoPi Decoction(ZZBPD),a traditional prescription for liver and gallbladder protection,has garnered significant clinical interest due to its hepatoprotective properties.Despite its proven efficacy in mitigating intrahepatic cholestasis,the precise mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects remain inadequately understood.This study aims to comprehensively investigate the pharmacological mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of ZZBPD in cholestatic liver injury(CLI).Methods:Firstly,we evaluated the hepatoprotective effects of ZZBPD on mice with CLI induced byα-naphthylisothiocyanate(ANIT),by measuring biochemical markers,inflammatory factors,and bile acid levels.Subsequently,we employed network pharmacology and single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)to identify key targets and potential signaling pathways for the prevention and treatment of CLI.Finally,we further validated the mechanism of action of ZZBPD on these key targets through molecular docking,western blotting,and immunofluorescence techniques.Results:ZZBPD notably improved serum liver function,reduced hepatic inflammation,and restored bile acid balance.Through network pharmacology and scRNA-seq analysis,48 core targets were identified,including TNF,IL-6,and NFKB1,all of which are linked to the IL-17 and NF-κB signaling pathways,as shown by KEGG enrichment analysis.Molecular docking further confirmed stable interactions between ZZBPD’s key active components and molecules such as IL-6,IL-17,and NF-κB.Additionally,western blotting and immunofluorescence validated the downregulation of IL-17 and NF-κB protein expression in liver tissue.Conclusion:ZZBPD effectively treats CLI by activating pathways related to the bile acid receptor FXR,while also modulating the IL-17/NF-κB signaling pathway.This dual action enhances bile secretion and alleviates liver inflammation.These findings offer important insights into the pharmacological mechanisms of ZZBPD and underscore its potential as a promising therapeutic for CLI.
