During the Tang Dynasty,incarcerated prisoners enjoyed various rights during their detention,including access to clothing,food,medical care,hygiene,rest,and burial arrangements.Under specific conditions,prisoners were...During the Tang Dynasty,incarcerated prisoners enjoyed various rights during their detention,including access to clothing,food,medical care,hygiene,rest,and burial arrangements.Under specific conditions,prisoners were even granted leave for family events such as funerals or weddings.The Rules for Prison Officials(Yuguanling)detailed the rights and safeguards for prisoners and set clear guidelines on the use of restraints during detention.Additionally,the Statutes on Deciding Cases(Duanyu Lü)outlined explicit penalties for judicial officials who failed to ensure prisoner rights or committed related violations.Interrogation processes adhered to strict procedural and substantive requirements,including direct questioning by judges,the avoidance of cases involving personal connections or conflicts of interest,evidence-based cross-examinations,careful investigation of circumstances,and consistent rulings across similar cases.The Tang legal code imposed comprehensive,detailed,and stringent limits on the application of coercive interrogations,specifying restrictions on tools,methods,subjects,and extent.Any breaches of these restrictions were met with severe punishments.While the concept of“human rights”did not appear in Tang legal and administrative texts,these laws and regulations embody abundant principles of people-centered governance,benevolence,and human rights concepts.Systematic examination of these ideas,values,and principles—when integrated with the Marxist perspective on human rights—can enrich China’s contemporary human rights practice,contribute to articulating China’s unique narrative on human rights,and play a role in constructing a distinctly Chinese discourse on human rights.Such efforts could provide Chinese wisdom and proposals for the advancement of human rights globally.展开更多
After careful consideration,with the consent of Editor-inChief Weiyan Zhang(张维岩)and Editor-in-Chief Ho-kwang Mao(毛河光),I have decided to step down as the Executive Editor-inChief of MRE to focus on my health and ...After careful consideration,with the consent of Editor-inChief Weiyan Zhang(张维岩)and Editor-in-Chief Ho-kwang Mao(毛河光),I have decided to step down as the Executive Editor-inChief of MRE to focus on my health and research.I will be succeeded by the next Executive Editor-in-Chief,Professor Jinren Sun(孙今人)of the Shanghai Institute of Laser Plasma,China Academy of Engineering Physics,and Professor Hongbo Cai(蔡洪波)of the Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics in Beijing.With the help of both of these excellent and experienced physicists,I believe that MRE and its community can be raised to a higher level.展开更多
主题语境:励志故事篇幅:322词建议用时:6分钟。1 A grandfather named Paul Hocheder has decided to keep his mind moving with a full college experience at 90 years old.2 Paul already earned one degree in 1960,when he gradua...主题语境:励志故事篇幅:322词建议用时:6分钟。1 A grandfather named Paul Hocheder has decided to keep his mind moving with a full college experience at 90 years old.2 Paul already earned one degree in 1960,when he graduated from the University of Maryland after serving seven years in the service.But he decided it would help keep him awake and alive if he went back for another round.展开更多
Eating healthy is my good habit.I used to having lots of bad eating habits.For example,I had no breakfast,but ate junk food or drank cola,so I often got sick.To keep fit,I decided to change my bad eating habits.Now,I ...Eating healthy is my good habit.I used to having lots of bad eating habits.For example,I had no breakfast,but ate junk food or drank cola,so I often got sick.To keep fit,I decided to change my bad eating habits.Now,I always have my three meals regularly.I try my best to eat more fresh fruit and green vegetables instead of junk food.I also drink more milk and water.Gradually,I find my body is geting more and more strong.展开更多
My son Joey was born with*club feet1. Doctors assured us that with treatment he would be able to walk normally-but would never run very well. The first three years of his life were spent in surgery casts and braces. B...My son Joey was born with*club feet1. Doctors assured us that with treatment he would be able to walk normally-but would never run very well. The first three years of his life were spent in surgery casts and braces. By the time he was eight, you wouldn’t know he had a problem when you saw him walk.展开更多
Shoppers,crowding into the West End of Londonyesterday for the start of sales,answered demands fromthe police to use public transportation rather than theircars.They also decided not to invite danger,after thebursting...Shoppers,crowding into the West End of Londonyesterday for the start of sales,answered demands fromthe police to use public transportation rather than theircars.They also decided not to invite danger,after thebursting of a bomb in the West End on Christmasevening,by not waiting in line outside the shops.“Iwould have been very worried of what they had.”saidMr Harry Weblin,manager of Liberty’s.Last night the police,which operated a big actionincluding special searches outside the main shops,spoke highly of the common sense of the展开更多
Cropping structure has a close relationship with the optimal allocation of agricultural water resources. Based on the analysis of the relationship between agricultural water resources and sustainable development, this...Cropping structure has a close relationship with the optimal allocation of agricultural water resources. Based on the analysis of the relationship between agricultural water resources and sustainable development, this paper presents a multi objective fuzzy optimization model for cropping structure and water allocation, which overcomes the shortcoming of current models that only considered the economic objective,and ignored the social and environmental objectives. During the process, a new method named fuzzy deciding weight is developed to decide the objective weight. A case study shows that the model is reliable, the method is simple and objective, and the results are reasonable. This model is useful for agricultural management and sustainable development.展开更多
In this paper,an improved Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible(SIS) epidemic spreading model is proposed in order to provide a theoretical method to analyze and predict the spreading of diseases.This model is based on the...In this paper,an improved Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible(SIS) epidemic spreading model is proposed in order to provide a theoretical method to analyze and predict the spreading of diseases.This model is based on the following ideas:in social networks,the contact probability between nodes is decided by their social distances and their active degrees.The contact probability of two indirectly connected nodes is decided by the shortest path between them.Theoretical analysis and simulation experiment were conducted to evaluate the performance of this improved model.Because the proposed model is independent of the network structure,simulation experiments were done in several kinds of networks,namely the ER network,the random regular network,the WS small world network,and the BA scale-free network,in order to study the influences of certain factors have on the epidemic spreading,such as the social contact active degree,the network structure,the average degree,etc.This improved model provides an idea for studying the spreading rule of computer virus,attitudes,fashion styles and public opinions in social networks.展开更多
At the beginning of 2004, the Chinese government decided to introduce the System of Social Support for Some Rural Families Practicing Family Planning ("social support system"). The General Office of the Stat...At the beginning of 2004, the Chinese government decided to introduce the System of Social Support for Some Rural Families Practicing Family Planning ("social support system"). The General Office of the State Council introduced the proposed program of the National Population and Family Planning Commission (NPFPC) and Ministry of Finance (MOF) on implementing the pilot project of the social support system ("Pilot展开更多
Searching for maritime moving targets using satellites is an attracting but rather difficult problem due to the satellites' orbits and discontinuous visible time windows.From a long term cyclic view,a non-myopic m...Searching for maritime moving targets using satellites is an attracting but rather difficult problem due to the satellites' orbits and discontinuous visible time windows.From a long term cyclic view,a non-myopic method based on reinforcement learning(RL)for multi-pass multi-targets searching was proposed.It learnt system behaviors step by step from each observation which resulted in a dynamic progressive way.Then it decided and adjusted optimal actions in each observation opportunity.System states were indicated by expected information gain.Neural networks algorithm was used to approximate parameters of control policy.Simulation results show that our approach with sufficient training performs significantly better than other myopic approaches which make local optimal decisions for each individual observation opportunity.展开更多
【问】[389]在美国朋友来信中,常有visit with这个用语。例如: 1.We decided to come to North Carolina and visitwith our son for 6 weeks. 2.We are talking about the possibility of takinganother trip to Ningbo while we’re t...【问】[389]在美国朋友来信中,常有visit with这个用语。例如: 1.We decided to come to North Carolina and visitwith our son for 6 weeks. 2.We are talking about the possibility of takinganother trip to Ningbo while we’re there to visit with you.展开更多
先请看下面二段话:(A) Socrates heard what the Oracle had sald to Chaerephon.He began towonder what it meant.He knew that he was not wise.The god of Delphi hadsaid that he was.Gods did not lie.Socrates thought about thi...先请看下面二段话:(A) Socrates heard what the Oracle had sald to Chaerephon.He began towonder what it meant.He knew that he was not wise.The god of Delphi hadsaid that he was.Gods did not lie.Socrates thought about this for a longtime.He decided to test the matter.Perhaps he could prove that someone elsewas wiser than hiroself.He could tell the Oraclel ayou said that I was thewisest man.This man is wiser than I am.”展开更多
By adopting a distributed feedback laser(DFBL) centered at 1.654 μm, a near-infrared(NIR) methane(CH4) detection system based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy(TDLAS) is experimentally demonstrated. A la...By adopting a distributed feedback laser(DFBL) centered at 1.654 μm, a near-infrared(NIR) methane(CH4) detection system based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy(TDLAS) is experimentally demonstrated. A laser temperature control as well as wavelength modulation module is developed to control the laser's operation temperature. The laser's temperature fluctuation can be limited within the range of-0.02—0.02 °C, and the laser's emitting wavelength varies linearly with the temperature and injection current. An open reflective gas sensing probe is realized to double the absorption optical path length from 0.2 m to 0.4 m. Within the detection range of 0—0.01, gas detection experiments were conducted to derive the relation between harmonic amplitude and gas concentration. Based on the Allan deviation at an integral time of 1 s, the limit of detection(Lo D) is decided to be 2.952×10^(-5) with a path length of 0.4 m, indicating a minimum detectable column density of ~1.2×10^(-5) m. Compared with our previously reported NIR CH_4 detection system, this system exhibits some improvement in both optical and electrical structures, including the analogue temperature controller with less software consumption, simple and reliable open reflective sensing probe.展开更多
Jeff Peters and Andy Tucker could never be trusted.One day,the two men decided to open a marriage business to make some quick and easy money.The first thingthey did was to fix up an advertisement to be published in ne...Jeff Peters and Andy Tucker could never be trusted.One day,the two men decided to open a marriage business to make some quick and easy money.The first thingthey did was to fix up an advertisement to be published in newspapers.Their advertisement read like this：展开更多
Chances are that1 at some point in your career,you’ve taken an idea from someone else.I want to know why.There’s a clue in a story about one of the great bands2 of our time.All good things come to an end3,and by 197...Chances are that1 at some point in your career,you’ve taken an idea from someone else.I want to know why.There’s a clue in a story about one of the great bands2 of our time.All good things come to an end3,and by 1970,the beloved Beatles4 had decided to展开更多
基金This article is an interim achievement of the National Social Science Fund Major Project“Classification,System Construction,and Database Building of Legislative Language of Qin-Han to Tang Dynasty”(Project Approval Number 21&ZD197).
文摘During the Tang Dynasty,incarcerated prisoners enjoyed various rights during their detention,including access to clothing,food,medical care,hygiene,rest,and burial arrangements.Under specific conditions,prisoners were even granted leave for family events such as funerals or weddings.The Rules for Prison Officials(Yuguanling)detailed the rights and safeguards for prisoners and set clear guidelines on the use of restraints during detention.Additionally,the Statutes on Deciding Cases(Duanyu Lü)outlined explicit penalties for judicial officials who failed to ensure prisoner rights or committed related violations.Interrogation processes adhered to strict procedural and substantive requirements,including direct questioning by judges,the avoidance of cases involving personal connections or conflicts of interest,evidence-based cross-examinations,careful investigation of circumstances,and consistent rulings across similar cases.The Tang legal code imposed comprehensive,detailed,and stringent limits on the application of coercive interrogations,specifying restrictions on tools,methods,subjects,and extent.Any breaches of these restrictions were met with severe punishments.While the concept of“human rights”did not appear in Tang legal and administrative texts,these laws and regulations embody abundant principles of people-centered governance,benevolence,and human rights concepts.Systematic examination of these ideas,values,and principles—when integrated with the Marxist perspective on human rights—can enrich China’s contemporary human rights practice,contribute to articulating China’s unique narrative on human rights,and play a role in constructing a distinctly Chinese discourse on human rights.Such efforts could provide Chinese wisdom and proposals for the advancement of human rights globally.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12035002).
文摘After careful consideration,with the consent of Editor-inChief Weiyan Zhang(张维岩)and Editor-in-Chief Ho-kwang Mao(毛河光),I have decided to step down as the Executive Editor-inChief of MRE to focus on my health and research.I will be succeeded by the next Executive Editor-in-Chief,Professor Jinren Sun(孙今人)of the Shanghai Institute of Laser Plasma,China Academy of Engineering Physics,and Professor Hongbo Cai(蔡洪波)of the Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics in Beijing.With the help of both of these excellent and experienced physicists,I believe that MRE and its community can be raised to a higher level.
文摘主题语境:励志故事篇幅:322词建议用时:6分钟。1 A grandfather named Paul Hocheder has decided to keep his mind moving with a full college experience at 90 years old.2 Paul already earned one degree in 1960,when he graduated from the University of Maryland after serving seven years in the service.But he decided it would help keep him awake and alive if he went back for another round.
文摘Eating healthy is my good habit.I used to having lots of bad eating habits.For example,I had no breakfast,but ate junk food or drank cola,so I often got sick.To keep fit,I decided to change my bad eating habits.Now,I always have my three meals regularly.I try my best to eat more fresh fruit and green vegetables instead of junk food.I also drink more milk and water.Gradually,I find my body is geting more and more strong.
文摘My son Joey was born with*club feet1. Doctors assured us that with treatment he would be able to walk normally-but would never run very well. The first three years of his life were spent in surgery casts and braces. By the time he was eight, you wouldn’t know he had a problem when you saw him walk.
文摘Shoppers,crowding into the West End of Londonyesterday for the start of sales,answered demands fromthe police to use public transportation rather than theircars.They also decided not to invite danger,after thebursting of a bomb in the West End on Christmasevening,by not waiting in line outside the shops.“Iwould have been very worried of what they had.”saidMr Harry Weblin,manager of Liberty’s.Last night the police,which operated a big actionincluding special searches outside the main shops,spoke highly of the common sense of the
文摘Cropping structure has a close relationship with the optimal allocation of agricultural water resources. Based on the analysis of the relationship between agricultural water resources and sustainable development, this paper presents a multi objective fuzzy optimization model for cropping structure and water allocation, which overcomes the shortcoming of current models that only considered the economic objective,and ignored the social and environmental objectives. During the process, a new method named fuzzy deciding weight is developed to decide the objective weight. A case study shows that the model is reliable, the method is simple and objective, and the results are reasonable. This model is useful for agricultural management and sustainable development.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China 61301091Shaanxi Province Science and Technology Project 2015GY015
文摘In this paper,an improved Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible(SIS) epidemic spreading model is proposed in order to provide a theoretical method to analyze and predict the spreading of diseases.This model is based on the following ideas:in social networks,the contact probability between nodes is decided by their social distances and their active degrees.The contact probability of two indirectly connected nodes is decided by the shortest path between them.Theoretical analysis and simulation experiment were conducted to evaluate the performance of this improved model.Because the proposed model is independent of the network structure,simulation experiments were done in several kinds of networks,namely the ER network,the random regular network,the WS small world network,and the BA scale-free network,in order to study the influences of certain factors have on the epidemic spreading,such as the social contact active degree,the network structure,the average degree,etc.This improved model provides an idea for studying the spreading rule of computer virus,attitudes,fashion styles and public opinions in social networks.
文摘At the beginning of 2004, the Chinese government decided to introduce the System of Social Support for Some Rural Families Practicing Family Planning ("social support system"). The General Office of the State Council introduced the proposed program of the National Population and Family Planning Commission (NPFPC) and Ministry of Finance (MOF) on implementing the pilot project of the social support system ("Pilot
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61203180)
文摘Searching for maritime moving targets using satellites is an attracting but rather difficult problem due to the satellites' orbits and discontinuous visible time windows.From a long term cyclic view,a non-myopic method based on reinforcement learning(RL)for multi-pass multi-targets searching was proposed.It learnt system behaviors step by step from each observation which resulted in a dynamic progressive way.Then it decided and adjusted optimal actions in each observation opportunity.System states were indicated by expected information gain.Neural networks algorithm was used to approximate parameters of control policy.Simulation results show that our approach with sufficient training performs significantly better than other myopic approaches which make local optimal decisions for each individual observation opportunity.
文摘【问】[389]在美国朋友来信中,常有visit with这个用语。例如: 1.We decided to come to North Carolina and visitwith our son for 6 weeks. 2.We are talking about the possibility of takinganother trip to Ningbo while we’re there to visit with you.
文摘先请看下面二段话:(A) Socrates heard what the Oracle had sald to Chaerephon.He began towonder what it meant.He knew that he was not wise.The god of Delphi hadsaid that he was.Gods did not lie.Socrates thought about this for a longtime.He decided to test the matter.Perhaps he could prove that someone elsewas wiser than hiroself.He could tell the Oraclel ayou said that I was thewisest man.This man is wiser than I am.”
基金supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(Nos.2013BAK06B04 and 2014BAD08B03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61307124 and 11404129)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province of China(Nos.20120707 and 20140307014SF)the Changchun Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(Nos.11GH01 and 14KG022)the State Key Laboratory on Integrated OptoelectronicsJilin University(No.IOSKL2012ZZ12)
文摘By adopting a distributed feedback laser(DFBL) centered at 1.654 μm, a near-infrared(NIR) methane(CH4) detection system based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy(TDLAS) is experimentally demonstrated. A laser temperature control as well as wavelength modulation module is developed to control the laser's operation temperature. The laser's temperature fluctuation can be limited within the range of-0.02—0.02 °C, and the laser's emitting wavelength varies linearly with the temperature and injection current. An open reflective gas sensing probe is realized to double the absorption optical path length from 0.2 m to 0.4 m. Within the detection range of 0—0.01, gas detection experiments were conducted to derive the relation between harmonic amplitude and gas concentration. Based on the Allan deviation at an integral time of 1 s, the limit of detection(Lo D) is decided to be 2.952×10^(-5) with a path length of 0.4 m, indicating a minimum detectable column density of ~1.2×10^(-5) m. Compared with our previously reported NIR CH_4 detection system, this system exhibits some improvement in both optical and electrical structures, including the analogue temperature controller with less software consumption, simple and reliable open reflective sensing probe.
文摘Jeff Peters and Andy Tucker could never be trusted.One day,the two men decided to open a marriage business to make some quick and easy money.The first thingthey did was to fix up an advertisement to be published in newspapers.Their advertisement read like this：
文摘Chances are that1 at some point in your career,you’ve taken an idea from someone else.I want to know why.There’s a clue in a story about one of the great bands2 of our time.All good things come to an end3,and by 1970,the beloved Beatles4 had decided to
