This paper provides a unified formulation of optimal guidance-to-collision law for a target with an arbitrary acceleration or deceleration.The collision course for general target acceleration or deceleration is first ...This paper provides a unified formulation of optimal guidance-to-collision law for a target with an arbitrary acceleration or deceleration.The collision course for general target acceleration or deceleration is first determined from the engagement geometry in conjunction with the nonlinear engagement kinematics in the proposed approach.The heading error defined in the collision course is then adopted as a variable to be nullified for accomplishing the intercept condition.The proposed guidance law is derived based on the heading error dynamics and the optimal error dynamics to ensure optimality and finite-time convergence.As illustrative examples,the proposed guidance command for a constant target acceleration and a target deceleration in the form of a quadratic function of speed are provided.Additionally,the time-to-go prediction method is suggested for implementing the proposed method.The characteristics of the proposed guidance command are analytically investigated to provide insight into the proposed method.The key benefits of the proposed method lie in not producing unnecessary guidance commands near a target compared to other methods and ensuring optimality in guidance command even in the nonlinear engagement kinematics.Finally,numerical simulations are performed to validate the proposed method and to show our findings.展开更多
Decelerating open-channel flow is a type of flow that gradually moves forward with decreasing velocity and increasing water depth.Although all flow parameters change along the streamwise direction,previous studies hav...Decelerating open-channel flow is a type of flow that gradually moves forward with decreasing velocity and increasing water depth.Although all flow parameters change along the streamwise direction,previous studies have revealed that these parameters’vertical distributions at different sections can be universally described with a single profile when being nondimensionalised by appropriate scales.This study focuses on the population trends of spanwise rotational motions at various sections along the main flow direction by particle imaging velocimetry(PIV)measurement.The wall-normal population distributions of density,radius,swirling strength,and convection velocity of the prograde and retrograde motions show similar trends in uniform open-channel flows.The dimensionless representation is invariant along the main flow direction.This study’s results indicate the self-similar characteristic of population trends of spanwise rotational motions prevails in decelerating open-channel flow.展开更多
The dynamics of an axially accelerating beam subjected to axial flow is studied.Based on the Floquet theory and the Runge-Kutta algorithm,the stability and nonlinear vibration of the beam are analyzed by considering t...The dynamics of an axially accelerating beam subjected to axial flow is studied.Based on the Floquet theory and the Runge-Kutta algorithm,the stability and nonlinear vibration of the beam are analyzed by considering the effects of several system parameters such as the mean speed,flow velocity,axial added mass coefficient,mass ratio,slenderness ratio,tension and viscosity coefficient.Numerical results show that when the pulsation frequency of the axial speed is close to the sum of first-and second-mode frequencies or twice the lowest two natural frequencies,instability with combination or subharmonic resonance would occur.It is found that the beam can undergo the periodic-1 motion under subharmonic resonance and the quasi-periodic motion under combination resonance.With the change of system parameters,the stability boundary may be widened,narrowed or drifted.In addition,the vibration amplitude of the beam under resonance can also be affected by changing the values of system parameters.展开更多
Variable Cycle Engine(VCE)serves as the core system in achieving future advanced fighters with cross-generational performance and mission versatility.However,the resultant complex configuration and strong coupling of ...Variable Cycle Engine(VCE)serves as the core system in achieving future advanced fighters with cross-generational performance and mission versatility.However,the resultant complex configuration and strong coupling of control parameters present significant challenges in designing acceleration and deceleration control schedules.To thoroughly explore the performance potential of engine,a global integration design method for acceleration and deceleration control schedule based on inner and outer loop optimization is proposed.The outer loop optimization module employs Integrated Surrogate-Assisted Co-Differential Evolutionary(ISACDE)algorithm to optimize the variable geometry adjustment laws based on B-spline curve,and the inner loop optimization module adopts the fixed-state method to design the open-loop fuel–air ratio control schedules,which are aimed at minimizing the acceleration and deceleration time under multiple constraints.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed global integration design method not only furthest shortens the acceleration and deceleration time,but also effectively safeguards the engine from overlimit.展开更多
The preparation of polypeptide materials in continuous flow reactors shows great potential with improved reproducibility and scalability.However,conventional polypeptide synthesis from the polymerization of N-carboxya...The preparation of polypeptide materials in continuous flow reactors shows great potential with improved reproducibility and scalability.However,conventional polypeptide synthesis from the polymerization of N-carboxyanhydride(NCA)is conducted at relatively slow rates,requiring long tubing or ending up with low-molecular-weight polymers.Inspired by recent advances in accelerated NCA polymerization,we report the crown-ether-catalyzed,rapid synthesis of polypeptide materials in cosolvents in flow reactors.The incorporation of low-polarity dichloromethane and the use of catalysts enabled fast conversion of monomers in 30 min,yielding well-defined polypeptides(up to 30 k Da)through a 20-cm tubing reactor.Additionally,random or block copolypeptides were efficiently prepared by incorporating a second NCA monomer.We believe that this work highlights the accelerated polymerization design in flow polymerization processes,offering the continuous production of polypeptide materials.展开更多
A novel deceleration traffic flow model is established based on the oscillatory congested states and the slow-tostart rule.The novel model considers human overreaction and mechanical restrictions as limited decelerati...A novel deceleration traffic flow model is established based on the oscillatory congested states and the slow-tostart rule.The novel model considers human overreaction and mechanical restrictions as limited deceleration capacity,effectively avoiding the unrealistic deceleration behavior found in most existing traffic flow models.In order to consider that the acceleration of a stationary vehicle is slower than that of a moving vehicle due to reasons such as driver inattention,the slow-to-start rule is introduced.In actual traffic,the driver will take different deceleration measures according to local traffic conditions,divided into ordinary and emergency deceleration.The deceleration setting in the deceleration model with only ordinary deceleration is modified.Computer simulations show that the novel model can achieve smooth,comfortable acceleration and deceleration behavior.Introducing the slow-to-start rule can realize the first-order transition from free flow to synchronized flow.The oscillatory congested states enable a first-order transition from synchronized flow to wide moving jam.Under periodic boundary conditions,the novel model can reproduce three traffic flow phases(free flow,synchronized flow,and wide moving jam)and two first-order transitions between three phases.In addition,the novel model can reproduce empirical results such as linear synchronized flow and headway distribution of free flow below 1 s.Under open boundary conditions,different congested patterns caused by on-ramps are analyzed.Compared with the classic deceleration model,this model can better reproduce the phenomenon and characteristics of actual traffic flow and provide more accurate decision support for daily traffic management of expressways.展开更多
An orifice is used widely as a flow meter or a contraction device in pipeline systems in hydro-power plants, thermal power plants, and chemical plants because of its simple construction, high reliability, and low cost...An orifice is used widely as a flow meter or a contraction device in pipeline systems in hydro-power plants, thermal power plants, and chemical plants because of its simple construction, high reliability, and low cost. However, it is well known that flow-accelerated corrosion (FAC) occurs on the pipe wall downstream of the orifice. Some of the authors have examined FAC through experimental and numerical analyses and have reported that one of the major governing parameters of FAC for single-phase water flow is the pressure fluctuation p’ on the pipe wall, and also that pipe wall thinning rate TR can be estimated by p’. In addition, they have presented the effects of the ori-fice geometry on p’ or TR, and have described a method for suppressing p’ or TR. In the present study, FAC for a two-phase air-water bubble flow is examined and compared with the single-phase water flow experimentally. Further, it is shown that because p’ is also considered a governing parameter of FAC for a two-phase air-water bubble flow, TR can be estimated using p’. It is also indicated that, by using a downstream pipe with a smaller diameter than that of the upstream pipe, p’ or TR can be suppressed.展开更多
The feedrate profile of non-uniform rational B-spline （NURBS） interpolation due to the contour errors is analyzed. A NURBS curve interpolator with adaptive acceleration-deceleration control is presented. In interpo-...The feedrate profile of non-uniform rational B-spline （NURBS） interpolation due to the contour errors is analyzed. A NURBS curve interpolator with adaptive acceleration-deceleration control is presented. In interpo- lation preprocessing, the sensitive zones of feedrate variations are processed with acceleration-deceleration control. By using the proposed algorithm, the machining accuracy is guaranteed and the feedrate is adaptively adjusted to he smoothed. The mechanical shock imposed in the servo system is avoided by the first and the second time derivatives of feedrates. A simulation of NURBS interpolation is given to demonstrate the validity and the effectiveness of the algorithm. The proposed interpolator can also be applied to the trajectory planning of the other parametric curves.展开更多
To satisfy the need of high speed NC (numerical control) machining, an acceleration and deceleration (acc/dec) control model is proposed, and the speed curve is also constructed by the cubic polynomial. The proposed c...To satisfy the need of high speed NC (numerical control) machining, an acceleration and deceleration (acc/dec) control model is proposed, and the speed curve is also constructed by the cubic polynomial. The proposed control model provides continuity of acceleration, which avoids the intense vibration in high speed NC machining. Based on the discrete characteristic of the data sampling interpolation, the acc/dec control discrete mathematical model is also set up and the discrete expression of the theoretical deceleration length is obtained furthermore. Aiming at the question of hardly predetermining the deceleration point in acc/dec control before interpolation, the adaptive acc/dec control algorithm is deduced from the expressions of the theoretical deceleration length. The experimental result proves that the acc/dec control model has the characteristic of easy implementation, stable movement and low impact. The model has been applied in multi-axes high speed micro fabrication machining successfully.展开更多
Generally complex 3D contours are divided into a lot of continuous small line blocks by CAD/CAM software. When these small line blocks are used in conventional way,machine tool has to stop at the end of one move befor...Generally complex 3D contours are divided into a lot of continuous small line blocks by CAD/CAM software. When these small line blocks are used in conventional way,machine tool has to stop at the end of one move before continuing on to the next to meet accuracy requirement,which results in inefficiency.Look-ahead is an intelligent function that aims at adjusting the feed rate automatically to achieve maximum productivity while maintaining accuracy.By now most researchers just utilize the simplest linear acceleration(ACC)and deceleration(DEC)to deal with look-ahead intelligence.A generalized ACC/DEC ap- proach and corresponding optimal look-ahead algorithm based on dynamic back tracking along a doubly linked list are proposed.An improved rounding strategy for reducing interpolation errors is also presented.By using the proposed techniques,arbitrary velocity profiles that offer look-ahead feature and have the desired ACC/DEC characteristics for movement of a lot of continuous line blocks can be generated efficiently.Both simulations and experiments showed the productivity was dramatically increased without sacri- fice of accuracy.展开更多
Studies show that different geometries of a Variable Cycle Engine(VCE)can be adjusted during the transient stage of the engine operation to improve the engine performance.However,this improvement increases the complex...Studies show that different geometries of a Variable Cycle Engine(VCE)can be adjusted during the transient stage of the engine operation to improve the engine performance.However,this improvement increases the complexity of the acceleration and deceleration control schedule.In order to resolve this problem,the Transient-state Reverse Method(TRM)is established in the present study based on the Steady-state Reverse Method(SRM)and the Virtual Power Extraction Method(VPEM).The state factors in the component-based engine performance models are replaced by variable geometry parameters to establish the TRM for a double bypass VCE.Obtained results are compared with the conventional component-based model from different aspects,including the accuracy and the convergence rate.The TRM is then employed to optimize the control schedule of a VCE.Obtained results show that the accuracy and the convergence rate of the proposed method are consistent with that of the conventional model.On the other hand,it is found that the new-model-optimized control schedules reduce the acceleration and deceleration time by 45%and 54%,respectively.Meanwhile,the surge margin of compressors,fuel–air ratio and the turbine inlet temperature maintained are within the acceptable criteria.It is concluded that the proposed TRM is a powerful method to design the acceleration and deceleration control schedule of the VCE.展开更多
The acceleration saltation of the traditional S-type acceleration model in the speed planning of the NURBS curve will result in the vibration and flexible impact of the machine tool.It will affect the surface quality ...The acceleration saltation of the traditional S-type acceleration model in the speed planning of the NURBS curve will result in the vibration and flexible impact of the machine tool.It will affect the surface quality of the components.The high speed smooth S-type acceleration and deceleration model deals with flexible impact,but the calculation is tedious.Aimed at the above problems,the traditional S-type acceleration and deceleration model is improved to make the jerk change linearly at a certain slope to reduce the flexible impact.Before the speed planning,it is needed to find the arc length and curvature of each point on the NURBS curve with a tiny step,and to determine the speed sensitivity point on the curve accordingly.According to the speed sensitive point,the NURBS curve is segmented.The attribute parameters of each section are determined by adaptive speed planning.Then,the speed planning can be performed on the NURBS curve according to the speed characteristics classification.The simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively reduce the flexible impact,improve the machining precision and efficiency,and simplify the classification of speed characteristics.展开更多
Non-acceleration theorem in a primitive equation system is developed to investigate the influences of waves on the mean flow variation against external forcing. Numerical results show that mechanical forcing overwhelm...Non-acceleration theorem in a primitive equation system is developed to investigate the influences of waves on the mean flow variation against external forcing. Numerical results show that mechanical forcing overwhelms thermal forcing in maintaining the mean flow in which the internal mechanical forcing associated with horizontal eddy flux of momentum plays the most important roles. Both internal forcing and external forcing are shown to be active and at the first place for the mean flow variations, whereas the forcing-induced mean meridional circulation is passive and secondary. It is also shown that the effects on mean flow of external mechanical forcing are concentrated in the lower troposphere, whereas those due to wave-mean flow interaction are more important in the upper troposphere. These act together and result in the vertically easterly shear in low latitudes and westerly shear in mid-latitudes. This vertical shear of mean flow is to some extent weakened by thermal forcing.展开更多
The global oceanic/atmospheric tides exert decelerating/accelerating secular torques on the Earth rotation. We developed new formulations to accurately calculate amounts of two kinds of secular tidal torques. After Me...The global oceanic/atmospheric tides exert decelerating/accelerating secular torques on the Earth rotation. We developed new formulations to accurately calculate amounts of two kinds of secular tidal torques. After Melchior, we found that an additional factor 1+k-l = 1.216, which has been formerly neglected, must be multiplied unto the tidal torque integral. By using our refined formulations and the recent oceanic/atmospheric global tide models, we found that:(i) semidiurnal oceanic lunar/solar tides exert decelerating torques of about-4.462 × 10^(16)/-0.676 × 10^(16) Nm respectively and(ii) atmospheric S_2 tide exerts accelerating torque of 1.55 × 10^(15) Nm. Former estimates of the atmospheric S_2 tidal torque were twice as large as our estimate due to improper consideration of loading effect. We took the load Love number for atmospheric loading effect from Guo et al.(2004). For atmospheric loading of spherical harmonic degree two, the value of k′=-0.6031 is different from that for ocean loading as k′ =-0.3052,while the latter is currently used for both cases-ocean/atmospheric loading-without distinction. We discuss(i) the amount of solid Earth tidal dissipation(which has been left most uncertain) and(ii) secular changes of the dynamical state of the Earth-Moon-Sun system. Our estimate of the solid Earth tidal torque is-4.94×10^(15) Nm.展开更多
Flow accelerated corrosion(FAC)is the main failure cause of the secondary circuit carbon steel piping in nuclear power plants.The piping failures caused by FAC have resulted in numerous unplanned outages and tragic fa...Flow accelerated corrosion(FAC)is the main failure cause of the secondary circuit carbon steel piping in nuclear power plants.The piping failures caused by FAC have resulted in numerous unplanned outages and tragic fatalities.The existing researches focus on the main factors contributing to FAC,which include metallurgical factors,environmental factors and hydrodynamic factors.Some effective FAC management methods and programs with long term monitoring and inspection data analysis are recommended.But a comprehensive FAC management system should be developed in order to mitigate and manage FAC systematically.In this paper,the FAC influencing factors are analyzed in combination with the operating conditions of the secondary circuit piping in the Third Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant(TQNPP),China(Third Qinshan Nuclear Power Company Limited,China).A comprehensive FAC mitigation and management system is developed for TQNPP secondary circuit piping.The system is composed of five processes,viz.materials substitution,water chemical optimization,long-term monitor strategy for the susceptible piping,integrity evaluation of the local thinning defects,and repair or replacement.With the implementation of the five processes,the material of FAC sensitive pipe fittings are modified from carbon steel to stainless steel,N_2H_4 and NH_3 are finally selected as the water chemical regulator of secondary circuit,the secondary circuit pips are classified according to FAC susceptibility in order to conduct long term monitoring strategy,and an integrity evaluation flow for local thinning caused by FAC in carbon steel piping is developed.If the component with local thinning defects is not fit-for-service,corresponding repair or replacement should be conducted.The comprehensive FAC mitigation and management system with five interrelated processes would be a cost-effective method of increasing personnel safety,plant safety and availability.展开更多
This work investigated the flow-accelerated corrosion （FAC） behavior of 13Cr in a wet CO2-containing environment at different flowing gas velocities mid impinging mlgles, with the natural-gas pipeline environment si...This work investigated the flow-accelerated corrosion （FAC） behavior of 13Cr in a wet CO2-containing environment at different flowing gas velocities mid impinging mlgles, with the natural-gas pipeline environment simulated by a self-assembled impingement jet sys- tem. Surface molphology determination, electrochemical measurements, mid hydromechaziics numerical analysis were cmlied out to study the FAC behavior. The results demonstrate that pitting corrosion was the primary mode of corrosion in 13Cr stainless steel. High-flow-rate gas destroyed the passive film mid decreased the pitting potential, resulting in more serious corrosion. The corrosion degree witk various im- pact mlgles showed the following order： 90~ 〉 60~ 〉 45~. The shear force and the electrolyte from the flowing gas were concluded to be the determinm^t factors of FAC, whereas the shear force was the main factor responsible for destroying the passive film.展开更多
Severe fluctuation of the effective roll gap in the acceleration and deceleration section of the cold rolling process is a significant factor causing thickness deviation.However,the conventional roll gap compensation ...Severe fluctuation of the effective roll gap in the acceleration and deceleration section of the cold rolling process is a significant factor causing thickness deviation.However,the conventional roll gap compensation method and control strategy do not meet the stringent strip quality requirements.The roll gap model in the acceleration and deceleration process is studied to increase the thickness control precision.In order to improve model accuracy,a roll gap prediction method based on data-driven is proposed.Given the complexities of the cold rolling process,the extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)method is used to predict the roll gap model as the rolling speed changes.Meanwhile,support vector regression and neural network-based methods are taken to evaluate and compare the prediction performances.Based on the field data,the simulation experiments are carried out.It demonstrated that the prediction performance of the proposed method outperformed the other two methods.The values of root mean square error,determination coefficient value,mean absolute percentage error and mean absolute error obtained from the XGBoost model were equal to 0.000346,0.952,7.02,and 0.00028,respectively.In addition,the proposed method analyzed the contribution rates of the rolling affecting parameters on the roll gap.The data showed that in the controllable rolling parameters,the rolling speed is the most impacting factor that disturbs the roll gap model in the acceleration and deceleration process,which can provide a useful direction for actual roll gap adjustment.展开更多
Based on the Nagel-Schreckenberg model, an improved cellular automaton traffic flow model is proposed, in which the random deceleration probability of each vehicle is no longer fixed, but is adaptively adjusted accord...Based on the Nagel-Schreckenberg model, an improved cellular automaton traffic flow model is proposed, in which the random deceleration probability of each vehicle is no longer fixed, but is adaptively adjusted according to the local traffic density in its vision and its current velocity. The numerical simulation results show that the maximum traffic capacity of the improved model under the same parameters is greater than that of the Nagel-Schreckenberg model, and is closer to the measured data. In addition, the traffic flow and vehicle velocity under different meteorological conditions are simulated by using the improved model, and the synchronized flow phenomenon consistent with the actual traffic is reproduced. Meanwhile, the results show that under the same parameters, when the traffic density is equal to 0.3, the traffic flow of the improved model increases by about 11% compared with the original model, and when the traffic density increases to 0.6, the traffic flow increases by about 27%. .展开更多
Systematic experimental work was conducted to investigate the solid acceleration length in a 16m long circulating fluidized bed riser with fluid cracking catalyst particles over a wide range of operating conditions. A...Systematic experimental work was conducted to investigate the solid acceleration length in a 16m long circulating fluidized bed riser with fluid cracking catalyst particles over a wide range of operating conditions. A more feasible method is proposed to determine the acceleration length from the measured axial profiles of pressure gradient (or apparent solid holdup). With this new method and large amount of experimental data, a clear picture on the variation of the acceleration length with both solid circulating rate and superficial gas velocity is obtained.It is found that the acceleration length increases generally with increasing solid flow rate and/or decreasing gas velocity. However, the trend in variation of the acceleration length with operating conditions are quite different in different operation ranges. Reasonable explanations are suggested for the observed variation patterns of acceleration length.展开更多
The distinguishing feature of a vertical ball screw feed system without counterweight is that the spindle system weight directly acts on the kinematic joints.Research into the dynamic characteristics under acceleratio...The distinguishing feature of a vertical ball screw feed system without counterweight is that the spindle system weight directly acts on the kinematic joints.Research into the dynamic characteristics under acceleration and deceleration is an important step in improving the structural performance of vertical milling machines.The magnitude and direction of the inertial force change significantly when the spindle system accelerates and decelerates.Therefore,the kinematic joint contact stiffness changes under the action of the inertial force and the spindle system weight.Thus,the system transmission stiffness also varies and affects the dynamics.In this study,a variable-coefficient lumped parameter dynamic model that considers the changes in the spindle system weight and the magnitude and direction of the inertial force is established for a ball screw feed system without counterweight.In addition,a calculation method for the system stiffness is provided.Experiments on a vertical ball screw feed system under acceleration and deceleration with different accelerations are also performed to verify the proposed dynamic model.Finally,the influence of the spindle system position,the rated dynamic load of the screw-nut joint,and the screw tension force on the natural frequency of the vertical ball screw feed system under acceleration and deceleration are studied.The results show that the vertical ball screw feed system has obviously different variable dynamics under acceleration and deceleration.The influence of the rated dynamic load and the spindle system position on the natural frequency under acceleration and deceleration is much greater than that of the screw tension force.展开更多
文摘This paper provides a unified formulation of optimal guidance-to-collision law for a target with an arbitrary acceleration or deceleration.The collision course for general target acceleration or deceleration is first determined from the engagement geometry in conjunction with the nonlinear engagement kinematics in the proposed approach.The heading error defined in the collision course is then adopted as a variable to be nullified for accomplishing the intercept condition.The proposed guidance law is derived based on the heading error dynamics and the optimal error dynamics to ensure optimality and finite-time convergence.As illustrative examples,the proposed guidance command for a constant target acceleration and a target deceleration in the form of a quadratic function of speed are provided.Additionally,the time-to-go prediction method is suggested for implementing the proposed method.The characteristics of the proposed guidance command are analytically investigated to provide insight into the proposed method.The key benefits of the proposed method lie in not producing unnecessary guidance commands near a target compared to other methods and ensuring optimality in guidance command even in the nonlinear engagement kinematics.Finally,numerical simulations are performed to validate the proposed method and to show our findings.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51679020)the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(Grant No.KJQN202100731).
文摘Decelerating open-channel flow is a type of flow that gradually moves forward with decreasing velocity and increasing water depth.Although all flow parameters change along the streamwise direction,previous studies have revealed that these parameters’vertical distributions at different sections can be universally described with a single profile when being nondimensionalised by appropriate scales.This study focuses on the population trends of spanwise rotational motions at various sections along the main flow direction by particle imaging velocimetry(PIV)measurement.The wall-normal population distributions of density,radius,swirling strength,and convection velocity of the prograde and retrograde motions show similar trends in uniform open-channel flows.The dimensionless representation is invariant along the main flow direction.This study’s results indicate the self-similar characteristic of population trends of spanwise rotational motions prevails in decelerating open-channel flow.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11972167,12072119,12102139).
文摘The dynamics of an axially accelerating beam subjected to axial flow is studied.Based on the Floquet theory and the Runge-Kutta algorithm,the stability and nonlinear vibration of the beam are analyzed by considering the effects of several system parameters such as the mean speed,flow velocity,axial added mass coefficient,mass ratio,slenderness ratio,tension and viscosity coefficient.Numerical results show that when the pulsation frequency of the axial speed is close to the sum of first-and second-mode frequencies or twice the lowest two natural frequencies,instability with combination or subharmonic resonance would occur.It is found that the beam can undergo the periodic-1 motion under subharmonic resonance and the quasi-periodic motion under combination resonance.With the change of system parameters,the stability boundary may be widened,narrowed or drifted.In addition,the vibration amplitude of the beam under resonance can also be affected by changing the values of system parameters.
基金supported by the Basic Research on Dynamic Real-time Modeling and Onboard Adaptive Modeling of Aero Engine,China(No.QZPY202308)。
文摘Variable Cycle Engine(VCE)serves as the core system in achieving future advanced fighters with cross-generational performance and mission versatility.However,the resultant complex configuration and strong coupling of control parameters present significant challenges in designing acceleration and deceleration control schedules.To thoroughly explore the performance potential of engine,a global integration design method for acceleration and deceleration control schedule based on inner and outer loop optimization is proposed.The outer loop optimization module employs Integrated Surrogate-Assisted Co-Differential Evolutionary(ISACDE)algorithm to optimize the variable geometry adjustment laws based on B-spline curve,and the inner loop optimization module adopts the fixed-state method to design the open-loop fuel–air ratio control schedules,which are aimed at minimizing the acceleration and deceleration time under multiple constraints.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed global integration design method not only furthest shortens the acceleration and deceleration time,but also effectively safeguards the engine from overlimit.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22101194)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20210733)+3 种基金Suzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(No.ZXL2021447)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science&Technologythe 111 ProjectJoint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices。
文摘The preparation of polypeptide materials in continuous flow reactors shows great potential with improved reproducibility and scalability.However,conventional polypeptide synthesis from the polymerization of N-carboxyanhydride(NCA)is conducted at relatively slow rates,requiring long tubing or ending up with low-molecular-weight polymers.Inspired by recent advances in accelerated NCA polymerization,we report the crown-ether-catalyzed,rapid synthesis of polypeptide materials in cosolvents in flow reactors.The incorporation of low-polarity dichloromethane and the use of catalysts enabled fast conversion of monomers in 30 min,yielding well-defined polypeptides(up to 30 k Da)through a 20-cm tubing reactor.Additionally,random or block copolypeptides were efficiently prepared by incorporating a second NCA monomer.We believe that this work highlights the accelerated polymerization design in flow polymerization processes,offering the continuous production of polypeptide materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.71671109)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFB1600500)the Key Research and Development Program of Heilongjiang Province,China(Grant No.GZ20220089)。
文摘A novel deceleration traffic flow model is established based on the oscillatory congested states and the slow-tostart rule.The novel model considers human overreaction and mechanical restrictions as limited deceleration capacity,effectively avoiding the unrealistic deceleration behavior found in most existing traffic flow models.In order to consider that the acceleration of a stationary vehicle is slower than that of a moving vehicle due to reasons such as driver inattention,the slow-to-start rule is introduced.In actual traffic,the driver will take different deceleration measures according to local traffic conditions,divided into ordinary and emergency deceleration.The deceleration setting in the deceleration model with only ordinary deceleration is modified.Computer simulations show that the novel model can achieve smooth,comfortable acceleration and deceleration behavior.Introducing the slow-to-start rule can realize the first-order transition from free flow to synchronized flow.The oscillatory congested states enable a first-order transition from synchronized flow to wide moving jam.Under periodic boundary conditions,the novel model can reproduce three traffic flow phases(free flow,synchronized flow,and wide moving jam)and two first-order transitions between three phases.In addition,the novel model can reproduce empirical results such as linear synchronized flow and headway distribution of free flow below 1 s.Under open boundary conditions,different congested patterns caused by on-ramps are analyzed.Compared with the classic deceleration model,this model can better reproduce the phenomenon and characteristics of actual traffic flow and provide more accurate decision support for daily traffic management of expressways.
文摘An orifice is used widely as a flow meter or a contraction device in pipeline systems in hydro-power plants, thermal power plants, and chemical plants because of its simple construction, high reliability, and low cost. However, it is well known that flow-accelerated corrosion (FAC) occurs on the pipe wall downstream of the orifice. Some of the authors have examined FAC through experimental and numerical analyses and have reported that one of the major governing parameters of FAC for single-phase water flow is the pressure fluctuation p’ on the pipe wall, and also that pipe wall thinning rate TR can be estimated by p’. In addition, they have presented the effects of the ori-fice geometry on p’ or TR, and have described a method for suppressing p’ or TR. In the present study, FAC for a two-phase air-water bubble flow is examined and compared with the single-phase water flow experimentally. Further, it is shown that because p’ is also considered a governing parameter of FAC for a two-phase air-water bubble flow, TR can be estimated using p’. It is also indicated that, by using a downstream pipe with a smaller diameter than that of the upstream pipe, p’ or TR can be suppressed.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK2003005)~~
文摘The feedrate profile of non-uniform rational B-spline （NURBS） interpolation due to the contour errors is analyzed. A NURBS curve interpolator with adaptive acceleration-deceleration control is presented. In interpo- lation preprocessing, the sensitive zones of feedrate variations are processed with acceleration-deceleration control. By using the proposed algorithm, the machining accuracy is guaranteed and the feedrate is adaptively adjusted to he smoothed. The mechanical shock imposed in the servo system is avoided by the first and the second time derivatives of feedrates. A simulation of NURBS interpolation is given to demonstrate the validity and the effectiveness of the algorithm. The proposed interpolator can also be applied to the trajectory planning of the other parametric curves.
基金the Hi-Tech Research and Development Pro-gram (863) of China (No. 2006AA04Z233)the National NaturalScience Foundation of China (No. 50575205)the Natural ScienceFoundation of Zhejiang Province (Nos. Y104243 and Y105686),China
文摘To satisfy the need of high speed NC (numerical control) machining, an acceleration and deceleration (acc/dec) control model is proposed, and the speed curve is also constructed by the cubic polynomial. The proposed control model provides continuity of acceleration, which avoids the intense vibration in high speed NC machining. Based on the discrete characteristic of the data sampling interpolation, the acc/dec control discrete mathematical model is also set up and the discrete expression of the theoretical deceleration length is obtained furthermore. Aiming at the question of hardly predetermining the deceleration point in acc/dec control before interpolation, the adaptive acc/dec control algorithm is deduced from the expressions of the theoretical deceleration length. The experimental result proves that the acc/dec control model has the characteristic of easy implementation, stable movement and low impact. The model has been applied in multi-axes high speed micro fabrication machining successfully.
文摘Generally complex 3D contours are divided into a lot of continuous small line blocks by CAD/CAM software. When these small line blocks are used in conventional way,machine tool has to stop at the end of one move before continuing on to the next to meet accuracy requirement,which results in inefficiency.Look-ahead is an intelligent function that aims at adjusting the feed rate automatically to achieve maximum productivity while maintaining accuracy.By now most researchers just utilize the simplest linear acceleration(ACC)and deceleration(DEC)to deal with look-ahead intelligence.A generalized ACC/DEC ap- proach and corresponding optimal look-ahead algorithm based on dynamic back tracking along a doubly linked list are proposed.An improved rounding strategy for reducing interpolation errors is also presented.By using the proposed techniques,arbitrary velocity profiles that offer look-ahead feature and have the desired ACC/DEC characteristics for movement of a lot of continuous line blocks can be generated efficiently.Both simulations and experiments showed the productivity was dramatically increased without sacri- fice of accuracy.
基金supported by the Aviation Power Foundation of China(6141B09050382)。
文摘Studies show that different geometries of a Variable Cycle Engine(VCE)can be adjusted during the transient stage of the engine operation to improve the engine performance.However,this improvement increases the complexity of the acceleration and deceleration control schedule.In order to resolve this problem,the Transient-state Reverse Method(TRM)is established in the present study based on the Steady-state Reverse Method(SRM)and the Virtual Power Extraction Method(VPEM).The state factors in the component-based engine performance models are replaced by variable geometry parameters to establish the TRM for a double bypass VCE.Obtained results are compared with the conventional component-based model from different aspects,including the accuracy and the convergence rate.The TRM is then employed to optimize the control schedule of a VCE.Obtained results show that the accuracy and the convergence rate of the proposed method are consistent with that of the conventional model.On the other hand,it is found that the new-model-optimized control schedules reduce the acceleration and deceleration time by 45%and 54%,respectively.Meanwhile,the surge margin of compressors,fuel–air ratio and the turbine inlet temperature maintained are within the acceptable criteria.It is concluded that the proposed TRM is a powerful method to design the acceleration and deceleration control schedule of the VCE.
基金the National Key Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2014CB046501)。
文摘The acceleration saltation of the traditional S-type acceleration model in the speed planning of the NURBS curve will result in the vibration and flexible impact of the machine tool.It will affect the surface quality of the components.The high speed smooth S-type acceleration and deceleration model deals with flexible impact,but the calculation is tedious.Aimed at the above problems,the traditional S-type acceleration and deceleration model is improved to make the jerk change linearly at a certain slope to reduce the flexible impact.Before the speed planning,it is needed to find the arc length and curvature of each point on the NURBS curve with a tiny step,and to determine the speed sensitivity point on the curve accordingly.According to the speed sensitive point,the NURBS curve is segmented.The attribute parameters of each section are determined by adaptive speed planning.Then,the speed planning can be performed on the NURBS curve according to the speed characteristics classification.The simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively reduce the flexible impact,improve the machining precision and efficiency,and simplify the classification of speed characteristics.
基金Research Project No.[75-09-01] on medium-range numerical weather forecasts.
文摘Non-acceleration theorem in a primitive equation system is developed to investigate the influences of waves on the mean flow variation against external forcing. Numerical results show that mechanical forcing overwhelms thermal forcing in maintaining the mean flow in which the internal mechanical forcing associated with horizontal eddy flux of momentum plays the most important roles. Both internal forcing and external forcing are shown to be active and at the first place for the mean flow variations, whereas the forcing-induced mean meridional circulation is passive and secondary. It is also shown that the effects on mean flow of external mechanical forcing are concentrated in the lower troposphere, whereas those due to wave-mean flow interaction are more important in the upper troposphere. These act together and result in the vertically easterly shear in low latitudes and westerly shear in mid-latitudes. This vertical shear of mean flow is to some extent weakened by thermal forcing.
基金supported by the Space Geodesy Technology Development Program of Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institutesupported by the NSFC(grant Nos.41631072,41721003,41574007 and 41429401)the Discipline Innovative Engineering Plan of Modern Geodesy and Geodynamics(grant No.B17033)
文摘The global oceanic/atmospheric tides exert decelerating/accelerating secular torques on the Earth rotation. We developed new formulations to accurately calculate amounts of two kinds of secular tidal torques. After Melchior, we found that an additional factor 1+k-l = 1.216, which has been formerly neglected, must be multiplied unto the tidal torque integral. By using our refined formulations and the recent oceanic/atmospheric global tide models, we found that:(i) semidiurnal oceanic lunar/solar tides exert decelerating torques of about-4.462 × 10^(16)/-0.676 × 10^(16) Nm respectively and(ii) atmospheric S_2 tide exerts accelerating torque of 1.55 × 10^(15) Nm. Former estimates of the atmospheric S_2 tidal torque were twice as large as our estimate due to improper consideration of loading effect. We took the load Love number for atmospheric loading effect from Guo et al.(2004). For atmospheric loading of spherical harmonic degree two, the value of k′=-0.6031 is different from that for ocean loading as k′ =-0.3052,while the latter is currently used for both cases-ocean/atmospheric loading-without distinction. We discuss(i) the amount of solid Earth tidal dissipation(which has been left most uncertain) and(ii) secular changes of the dynamical state of the Earth-Moon-Sun system. Our estimate of the solid Earth tidal torque is-4.94×10^(15) Nm.
文摘Flow accelerated corrosion(FAC)is the main failure cause of the secondary circuit carbon steel piping in nuclear power plants.The piping failures caused by FAC have resulted in numerous unplanned outages and tragic fatalities.The existing researches focus on the main factors contributing to FAC,which include metallurgical factors,environmental factors and hydrodynamic factors.Some effective FAC management methods and programs with long term monitoring and inspection data analysis are recommended.But a comprehensive FAC management system should be developed in order to mitigate and manage FAC systematically.In this paper,the FAC influencing factors are analyzed in combination with the operating conditions of the secondary circuit piping in the Third Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant(TQNPP),China(Third Qinshan Nuclear Power Company Limited,China).A comprehensive FAC mitigation and management system is developed for TQNPP secondary circuit piping.The system is composed of five processes,viz.materials substitution,water chemical optimization,long-term monitor strategy for the susceptible piping,integrity evaluation of the local thinning defects,and repair or replacement.With the implementation of the five processes,the material of FAC sensitive pipe fittings are modified from carbon steel to stainless steel,N_2H_4 and NH_3 are finally selected as the water chemical regulator of secondary circuit,the secondary circuit pips are classified according to FAC susceptibility in order to conduct long term monitoring strategy,and an integrity evaluation flow for local thinning caused by FAC in carbon steel piping is developed.If the component with local thinning defects is not fit-for-service,corresponding repair or replacement should be conducted.The comprehensive FAC mitigation and management system with five interrelated processes would be a cost-effective method of increasing personnel safety,plant safety and availability.
基金supported by the National Environmental Corrosion Platform (NECP)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (No. 2011BAK06B01-01-02)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of china (No. FRF-BR-17-028A)
文摘This work investigated the flow-accelerated corrosion （FAC） behavior of 13Cr in a wet CO2-containing environment at different flowing gas velocities mid impinging mlgles, with the natural-gas pipeline environment simulated by a self-assembled impingement jet sys- tem. Surface molphology determination, electrochemical measurements, mid hydromechaziics numerical analysis were cmlied out to study the FAC behavior. The results demonstrate that pitting corrosion was the primary mode of corrosion in 13Cr stainless steel. High-flow-rate gas destroyed the passive film mid decreased the pitting potential, resulting in more serious corrosion. The corrosion degree witk various im- pact mlgles showed the following order： 90~ 〉 60~ 〉 45~. The shear force and the electrolyte from the flowing gas were concluded to be the determinm^t factors of FAC, whereas the shear force was the main factor responsible for destroying the passive film.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U21A20117 and 52074085)the Liao Ning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC1907065)+1 种基金Liao Ning Province Doctoral Initiation Fund(2022-BS-188)Open Research Fund from State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation(No.2021RALKFKT006).
文摘Severe fluctuation of the effective roll gap in the acceleration and deceleration section of the cold rolling process is a significant factor causing thickness deviation.However,the conventional roll gap compensation method and control strategy do not meet the stringent strip quality requirements.The roll gap model in the acceleration and deceleration process is studied to increase the thickness control precision.In order to improve model accuracy,a roll gap prediction method based on data-driven is proposed.Given the complexities of the cold rolling process,the extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)method is used to predict the roll gap model as the rolling speed changes.Meanwhile,support vector regression and neural network-based methods are taken to evaluate and compare the prediction performances.Based on the field data,the simulation experiments are carried out.It demonstrated that the prediction performance of the proposed method outperformed the other two methods.The values of root mean square error,determination coefficient value,mean absolute percentage error and mean absolute error obtained from the XGBoost model were equal to 0.000346,0.952,7.02,and 0.00028,respectively.In addition,the proposed method analyzed the contribution rates of the rolling affecting parameters on the roll gap.The data showed that in the controllable rolling parameters,the rolling speed is the most impacting factor that disturbs the roll gap model in the acceleration and deceleration process,which can provide a useful direction for actual roll gap adjustment.
文摘Based on the Nagel-Schreckenberg model, an improved cellular automaton traffic flow model is proposed, in which the random deceleration probability of each vehicle is no longer fixed, but is adaptively adjusted according to the local traffic density in its vision and its current velocity. The numerical simulation results show that the maximum traffic capacity of the improved model under the same parameters is greater than that of the Nagel-Schreckenberg model, and is closer to the measured data. In addition, the traffic flow and vehicle velocity under different meteorological conditions are simulated by using the improved model, and the synchronized flow phenomenon consistent with the actual traffic is reproduced. Meanwhile, the results show that under the same parameters, when the traffic density is equal to 0.3, the traffic flow of the improved model increases by about 11% compared with the original model, and when the traffic density increases to 0.6, the traffic flow increases by about 27%. .
基金the National Natural Science foundation of China (No. 29928005).
文摘Systematic experimental work was conducted to investigate the solid acceleration length in a 16m long circulating fluidized bed riser with fluid cracking catalyst particles over a wide range of operating conditions. A more feasible method is proposed to determine the acceleration length from the measured axial profiles of pressure gradient (or apparent solid holdup). With this new method and large amount of experimental data, a clear picture on the variation of the acceleration length with both solid circulating rate and superficial gas velocity is obtained.It is found that the acceleration length increases generally with increasing solid flow rate and/or decreasing gas velocity. However, the trend in variation of the acceleration length with operating conditions are quite different in different operation ranges. Reasonable explanations are suggested for the observed variation patterns of acceleration length.
基金Supported by Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51235009)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51605374).
文摘The distinguishing feature of a vertical ball screw feed system without counterweight is that the spindle system weight directly acts on the kinematic joints.Research into the dynamic characteristics under acceleration and deceleration is an important step in improving the structural performance of vertical milling machines.The magnitude and direction of the inertial force change significantly when the spindle system accelerates and decelerates.Therefore,the kinematic joint contact stiffness changes under the action of the inertial force and the spindle system weight.Thus,the system transmission stiffness also varies and affects the dynamics.In this study,a variable-coefficient lumped parameter dynamic model that considers the changes in the spindle system weight and the magnitude and direction of the inertial force is established for a ball screw feed system without counterweight.In addition,a calculation method for the system stiffness is provided.Experiments on a vertical ball screw feed system under acceleration and deceleration with different accelerations are also performed to verify the proposed dynamic model.Finally,the influence of the spindle system position,the rated dynamic load of the screw-nut joint,and the screw tension force on the natural frequency of the vertical ball screw feed system under acceleration and deceleration are studied.The results show that the vertical ball screw feed system has obviously different variable dynamics under acceleration and deceleration.The influence of the rated dynamic load and the spindle system position on the natural frequency under acceleration and deceleration is much greater than that of the screw tension force.
