Decarbonization in operational residential buildings worldwide has become critical in achieving the carbon neutral target due to the growing household energy demand.To accelerate the pace of global carbon neutrality,t...Decarbonization in operational residential buildings worldwide has become critical in achieving the carbon neutral target due to the growing household energy demand.To accelerate the pace of global carbon neutrality,this study explores the operational carbon change in global residential buildings through the generalized Divisia index method and decoupling analysis,considering the decarbonization levels of residential buildings at different scales.The results show that(1)most of the samples showed a decrease in the total emissions from 2000 to 2019.Except for China and the United States(US),the carbon emissions in global residential building operations decreased by 7.95 million tons of carbon dioxide(MtCO_(2))per year over the study period.Emissions per gross domestic product(GDP)was the most positive driver causing the decarbonization of residential buildings,while GDP was the most negative driver.(2)Carbon intensity was essential to achieving a strong decoupling of economic development and carbon emissions.The US almost consistently presented strong decoupling,while China showed weak decoupling over the last two decades.(3)The pace of decarbonization in global residential building operations is gradually slowing down.From 2000 to 2019,decarbonization from residential buildings across 30 countries was 2094.3 MtCO_(2),with a decarbonization efficiency of 3.4%.Overall,this study addresses gaps in evaluating global decarbonization from operational residential buildings and provides a reference for evaluating building decarbonization by other emitters.展开更多
A shift toward a sustainable and decarbonized power grid is one of Zimbabwe’s main goals in the energy sector.This study comprehensively analyzes the country’s readiness to implement green hydrogen and nuclear energ...A shift toward a sustainable and decarbonized power grid is one of Zimbabwe’s main goals in the energy sector.This study comprehensively analyzes the country’s readiness to implement green hydrogen and nuclear energy generation.Despite the extensive energy studies available in literature,the question of whether the country is ready to adopt these two technologies remains unanswered.The literature lacks information on how well the country is prepared for green hydrogen production for its industrial applications.Therefore,this paper begins with a synopsis of current electricity generation and consumption trends,followed by overviews of nuclear energy and green hydrogen generation,respectively.The country’s readiness to adopt the technologies under study is then examined by considering the available infrastructure,economic status of the country,supporting policies,regulatory frameworks already in place,social acceptance,and the potential positive and negative impacts.An analysis of strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats analysis is implemented,emphasizing the critical factors that must be considered.Recommendations are outlined to enable a strategic and seamless adoption of green hydrogen and nuclear energy,specifically small modular reactors.The main findings indicate that Zimbabwe currently relies on thermal and hydroelectric energies,with an increasing demand for electricity,particularly in the mining sector.In addition,adopting green hydrogen and nuclear energy primarily results in improved grid resilience,reduced electricity supply-demand gap,economic growth through increased investments,and mitigation of poverty.However,insufficient policies and regulatory frameworks,as well as increased safety concerns,can hinder the implementation of these projects.However,these limitations can be effectively minimized by technological advances or international and regional collaborations.Hence,comprehensive economic reforms,supporting policies,and regulations are required,along with capacity-building investments.The study provides policymakers,investors,and stakeholders with insights into the substantial benefits of considering these energy sources for a decarbonized and sustainable energy future.展开更多
Global efforts to transform power systems are accelerating,yet the localized patterns and trajectories of this transition-crucial for equitable and regionally tailored policy-making-remain insufficiently explored.This...Global efforts to transform power systems are accelerating,yet the localized patterns and trajectories of this transition-crucial for equitable and regionally tailored policy-making-remain insufficiently explored.This study introduces a comprehensive subnational dataset of global power plants,encompassing nine energy types and spanning the years 2015 to 2020.Through spatial statistics,clustering,and cross-regional comparisons,we identify distinct trajectories of power capacity change across energy types and regions.While decarbonization remains a clear global trend,structurally disadvantaged or over-averaged regions are still at risk of being overlooked.To better understand these transition dynamics,we conducted a machine learning-based driver analysis,which highlights the dominant influence of development-related factors such as electricity demand and economic growth.The openly accessible dataset fills a critical gap in global energy data and offers a standardized,robust framework for analyzing regional power infrastructure development.Its design enables fine-grained,dynamic assessments of transition pathways and facilitates interdisciplinary research across energy,climate,and policy domains.展开更多
On December 26,2025 China announced plans to begin the zero-carbon transformation of 52 industrial parks across the country.This first batch of parks span sectors such as new energy,advanced manufactur-ing and computi...On December 26,2025 China announced plans to begin the zero-carbon transformation of 52 industrial parks across the country.This first batch of parks span sectors such as new energy,advanced manufactur-ing and computing.The list ensures every province,autonomous region,and municipality has at least one designated park,with transforma-tion set for completion by 2030.展开更多
The accelerated decline of Arctic sea ice since the 1980s has paradoxically amplified greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions through increased shipping activities in this ecologically vulnerable region.This study investigates h...The accelerated decline of Arctic sea ice since the 1980s has paradoxically amplified greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions through increased shipping activities in this ecologically vulnerable region.This study investigates how to reconcile the decarbonization of Arctic shipping with conflicting environmental,economic,and geopolitical interests.Through systematic literature review and interest-balancing analysis,our findings identify three systemic barriers:(1)inadequate adaptation of International Maritime Organization(IMO)regulations to Arctic-specific environmental risks,(2)fragmented enforcement mechanisms among Arctic and non-Arctic States,and(3)technological limitations in clean fuel adoption for ice-class vessels.To address these challenges,a tripartite governance framework is proposed.First,legally binding amendments to International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships(MARPOL)Annex VI introducing Arctic-specific Energy Efficiency eXisting ship Index(EEXI)standards and extending energy efficiency regulations to fishing vessels.Second,a phased fuel transition prioritizing liquefied natural gas(LNG)and methanol,followed by hydrogen-ammonia synthetics.Third,enhanced multilateral cooperation through an Arctic Climate Shipping Alliance to coordinate joint research and development in cold-adapted technologies and ice-route optimization.By integrating United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea(UNCLOS)obligations with IMO Polar Code implementation,this study advances a dynamic interest-balancing framework for policymakers,offering actionable pathways to achieve Paris Agreement targets while safeguarding Arctic ecosystems.展开更多
1.Introduction and background Global warming demands low-carbon energy.Ammonia(NH_(3)),a carbon-free hydrogen carrier,offers CO_(2)reduction potential,aligning with decarbonization,per the work of Zhang et al.2.NH_(3)...1.Introduction and background Global warming demands low-carbon energy.Ammonia(NH_(3)),a carbon-free hydrogen carrier,offers CO_(2)reduction potential,aligning with decarbonization,per the work of Zhang et al.2.NH_(3)as a fuel Advantages:NH_(3)offers high hydrogen content ease of storage,cost-effectiveness in large-scale transport,and technological maturity in synthesis.展开更多
AIM:To analyze the environmental impact of patient travel for cataract surgery at a German ophthalmology center.METHODS:All cataract surgeries performed between October 23 and October 27,2023,were analyzed,and all pat...AIM:To analyze the environmental impact of patient travel for cataract surgery at a German ophthalmology center.METHODS:All cataract surgeries performed between October 23 and October 27,2023,were analyzed,and all patient records were reviewed for follow-up visits.All travel distances were calculated,and the associated emissions were quantified.Additionally,patients’utilization of geographically closer branch practices for follow-up care was evaluated,along with the corresponding effects on travel-related emissions.RESULTS:A total of 69 patients underwent unilateral cataract surgery.The average one-way travel distance was 40.1 km(24.9 mi;SD=23.6 km).Corresponding emissions were 1284.8 kg of greenhouse gas(GHG),2.477 kg of nitrogen oxides,and 0.101 kg of particulates.All patients attended at least two follow-up visits.Conducting followup visits at branch practices reduced travel distance by 49.1%.The associated GHG emissions from all travel were 1984.3 kg.Emissions from follow-up visits were 54.4%higher than those from the surgery itself.Total GHG emissions amounted to 3269.1 kg,with an average of 47.4 kg of GHG per patient for all travel associated with cataract surgery.CONCLUSION:A dense network of branch practices contributes to reducing the carbon footprint of cataract surgery-related patient travel;however,the development of digital health approaches for follow-up care is necessary to further optimize the environmental sustainability of cataract surgery.展开更多
The contamination of wastewater with organic pollutants and nitrogen compounds poses significant environmental challenges.The primary objective of wastewater treatment is the simultaneous denitrification and decarboni...The contamination of wastewater with organic pollutants and nitrogen compounds poses significant environmental challenges.The primary objective of wastewater treatment is the simultaneous denitrification and decarbonization of ammonia nitrogen and organics into harmless by-products.This study presents a novel method for the directional generation of chlorine radical species like·ClO and·Cl using electro-reactive membranes(EMs)known as RuO_(2)@PbO_(2)-M,which were fabricated using an electro-deposition coupled template approach.This method facilitates the rapid and efficient conversion of ammonia to nitrogen and concurrently reduces the chemical oxygen demand in the effluent.Our system achieved ultra-efficient simultaneous denitrification and decarbonization with minimal energy consumption in single-filtration mode,thereby eliminating the need for chemical precursors.We elucidate the formation pathway of·ClO and·Cl during the electrochemical oxidation process involving RuO_(2)@PbO_(2)-M,where·Cl generated from RuO_(2)reacts with·OH from PbO_(2)under hypochlorous acid conditions,thereby enhancing nitrogen and carbon removal.These findings highlight a novel electro-filtration and an innovative reactive membrane design for·ClO synthesis,which provides a new research framework for the concurrent removal of nitrogen and carbon,and offers a promising solution to enhance wastewater treatment efficiency.展开更多
Developing low-carbon and efficient power systems is critical for energy security in the global warming context.We address this issue by focusing on the productivity impact of a decarbonization policy in China’s ther...Developing low-carbon and efficient power systems is critical for energy security in the global warming context.We address this issue by focusing on the productivity impact of a decarbonization policy in China’s thermal power sector—namely,the“Constructing Large Units and Restricting Small Ones”(CLRS)initiative.Utilizing a resource misallocation model,we construct a new theoretical framework to distinguish between technical and allocative efficiency and analyze productivity using plant-level data.The results indicate that the CLRS policy has significantly improved the allocative and technical efficiency of China’s coal-fired power sector,thereby ensuring power security.The closure of outdated and highly distorted small coal-fired units,which have been replaced by technologically advanced large units,primarily drives the enhanced efficiency.The policy’s effects are most pronounced in large-scale power plants and those with high coal combustion efficiency.Furthermore,a comparison of power plants’productivity distribution before and after policy implementation reveals that the CLRS policy not only enhances capital productivity in the coal-fired power sector but also increases rational labor allocation.Our findings have important policy implications for developing countries vis-à-vis building efficient and stable power systems amid climate change.展开更多
This study addresses the critical need for decarbonization in offshore marine logistics by developing an integrated modeling framework to support low-emission operations across complex,multi-echelon vessel networks.It...This study addresses the critical need for decarbonization in offshore marine logistics by developing an integrated modeling framework to support low-emission operations across complex,multi-echelon vessel networks.It focuses on port-to-platform supply chains serving offshore wind farms,oil rigs,and floating logistics hubs.A hybrid analytical approach was adopted,combining Mixed-Integer Linear Programming(MILP)for optimizing emission-minimizing routing,Discrete-Event Simulation(DES)to evaluate offshore scheduling performance under variability,and a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis(MCDA)model using AHP-TOPSIS to rank alternative marine fuel types.Monte Carlo simulation was also employed to assess cost and delivery fluctuations across uncertain operational scenarios.Data inputs were compiled from real-world offshore fleet specifications,port emissions records,and marine fuel technology benchmarks.MILP-based network flow optimization reduced CO₂emissions by 22%while maintaining service reliability across all demand points.DES simulations revealed congestion-driven scheduling delays during peak vessel utilization.MCDA analysis ranked bio-LNG and hydrogen propulsion systems as optimal choices based on emission,cost,and availability trade-offs.Hypothesis testing confirmed significant relationships between fuel type,network structure,and emission performance.The study demonstrates how multi-echelon logistics planning,integrated with emissions-based modeling,can facilitate environmentally responsible marine supply chain design.The framework offers practical guidance for offshore fleet managers,port authorities,and policy regulators aiming to align operational efficiency with decarbonization objectives under IMO and EU directives.展开更多
With the global economy undergoing decarbonization and a new wave of technological revolution and industrial transformation,supply chain security risks have become increasingly prominent.Major countries are shifting t...With the global economy undergoing decarbonization and a new wave of technological revolution and industrial transformation,supply chain security risks have become increasingly prominent.Major countries are shifting their focus toward critical minerals,beyond traditional common minerals such as iron and copper.The trend is especially notable regarding minerals considered essential for strategically important emerging industries.展开更多
World’s First Ammonia-Fueled Vessel Sets Sail The world's first pure ammonia-powered demonstration vessel,the Anhui,successfully completed its maiden voyage in Hefei,east China's Anhui Province,on June 28,mar...World’s First Ammonia-Fueled Vessel Sets Sail The world's first pure ammonia-powered demonstration vessel,the Anhui,successfully completed its maiden voyage in Hefei,east China's Anhui Province,on June 28,marking a major step forward for green shipping.Ammonia,a major chemical industry feedstock,has a high energy density and due to its carbon-free nature,produces only water and nitrogen when fully combusted.This makes it a highly promising fuel for decarbonizing shipping.展开更多
Subduction zones,linking the surface and deep carbon reservoirs,significantly affect the Earth’s long-term climate change and habitability.The subducting slabs undergo decarbonation with increasing pressure and tempe...Subduction zones,linking the surface and deep carbon reservoirs,significantly affect the Earth’s long-term climate change and habitability.The subducting slabs undergo decarbonation with increasing pressure and temperature,during which partial carbon mobilizes out of the slab and returns to the surface by arc volcanism or degassing,while the residual carbon continues to descend to greater depths in the mantle.The estimated carbon influx at subduction zones depends strongly on the calculation model,with contributions from sediments ranging from 15 to 60 Mt C/yr,altered ocean basalts from 18 to 61 Mt C/yr,and serpentinized perdotites from 1.3 to 36 Mt C/yr.The carbon influx varies in space and time.Carbon removal from subducting slab occurs through metamorphic reactions,carbonate dissolution,diapirism,hydrocarbon formation and melting.Among these decarbonation mechanisms,diapirism and slab meting play a decisive role in dictating the depth at which surface carbonates can subduct.Specifically,diapirism may restrict sedimentary carbonates at shallow depths(<200 km),while slab melting exhausts all carbonates from the altered ocean crust near transition zones(410–660 km).Consequently,a mechanism enabling surface carbonates to reach the lower mantle,i.e.,ultra-deep carbon cycle,is required to be in accordance with observations by natural samples.展开更多
As decarbonization pressure on traditional fossil fuel-related industries gradually intensifies,CCUS has been increasingly incorporated into energy transition strategies by various oil companies.From a development opp...As decarbonization pressure on traditional fossil fuel-related industries gradually intensifies,CCUS has been increasingly incorporated into energy transition strategies by various oil companies.From a development opportunity perspective,oil companies possess four key advantages in developing the CCUS industry:exploration and development technology advantages;geological resource advantages;capital advantages;source-sink matching advantages.In terms of challenges,oil companies face numerous issues in developing the CCUS industry,including technological development,economic viability,and policy and legal aspects.At the national level,China’s oil companies should advocate for improving and optimizing relevant laws and regulations,enhancing the policy support system,incorporating CCUS into the carbon trading market,and strengthening top-level design and medium-to long-term planning;at the enterprise level,they should continuously advance full industrial chain technologies and reduce CCUS project operating costs,selectively participate in industrial segments that suit their capabilities,strengthen CCUS full industrial chain operational capabilities,and enhance talent development and strengthen international exchange and cooperation.展开更多
This study investigates the disparities in the deployment of photovoltaic(PV)technology for carbon emissions reduction across different nations,highlighting the mismatch between countries with high economic capacity a...This study investigates the disparities in the deployment of photovoltaic(PV)technology for carbon emissions reduction across different nations,highlighting the mismatch between countries with high economic capacity and those where PV installation would maximize global decarbonization benefits.This mismatch is discussed based on three key factors influencing decarbonization via PV technology:per capita gross domestic product;carbon intensity of the energy system;and solar resource availability.Current PV deployment is predominantly concentrated in economically advanced countries,and does not coincide with regions where the environmental and economic impact of such installations would be most significant.Through a series of thought experiments,it is demonstrated how alternative prioritization strategies could significantly reduce global carbon emissions.Argument is put forward for a globally coordinated approach to PV deployment,particularly targeting high-impact sunbelt regions,to enhance the efficacy of decarbonization efforts and promote equitable energy access.The study underscores the need for international policies that support sustainable energy transitions in economically less developed regions through workforce development and assistance with the activation of capital.展开更多
The Mae Moh lignite-fired power plant is the only lignite-fired power plant and is the main point source of CO_(2)emissions in Thailand.This power plant uses lignite supplied from the Mae Moh lignite open-pit mine in ...The Mae Moh lignite-fired power plant is the only lignite-fired power plant and is the main point source of CO_(2)emissions in Thailand.This power plant uses lignite supplied from the Mae Moh lignite open-pit mine in the same vicinity.Carbon dioxide sequestration technologies can play a crucial role in reducing carbon emissions in the energy sector,particularly in coal-fired power plants.This case study provides the first assessment of the potential for geological CO_(2)storage in coal seams at the Mae Moh coal mine in northern Thailand based on literature reviews.The Mae Moh Basin is a rift basin with a complex normal fault and contains coal seams at different depths separated by claystones.The geological setting potentially offers favorable conditions for the geological storage of CO_(2)in the coal seams through a combination of physical and chemical trapping mechanisms.The findings suggest that the Mae Moh coal mine is suitable for geological CO_(2)storage,especially in K and Q coal seams.However,leakage risks,storage capacity,and CO_(2)-water-coal reactions could be problematic.Thus,more subsurface studies should be carried out,and more detailed criteria should be considered before CO_(2)sequestration is undertaken in the Mae Moh coal mine.展开更多
Industrial decarbonization is critical for achieving net-zero goals.The carbon dioxide electrochemical reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)is a promising approach for converting CO_(2)into high-value chemicals,offering the po...Industrial decarbonization is critical for achieving net-zero goals.The carbon dioxide electrochemical reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)is a promising approach for converting CO_(2)into high-value chemicals,offering the potential for decarbonizing industrial processes toward a sustainable,carbon-neutral future.However,developing CO_(2)RR catalysts with high selectivity and activity remains a challenge due to the complexity of finding such catalysts and the inefficiency of traditional computational or experimental approaches.Here,we present a methodology integrating density functional theory(DFT)calculations,deep learning models,and an active learning strategy to rapidly screen high-performance catalysts.The proposed methodology is then demonstrated on graphene-based single-atom catalysts for selective CO_(2)electroreduction to methanol.First,we conduct systematic binding energy calculations for 3045 single-atom catalysts to identify thermodynamically stable catalysts as the design space.We then use a graph neural network,fine-tuned with a specialized adsorption energy database,to predict the relative activity and selectivity of the candidate catalysts.An autonomous active learning framework is used to facilitate the exploration of designs.After six learning cycles and 2180 adsorption calculations across 15 intermediates,we develop a surrogate model that identifies four novel catalysts on the Pareto front of activity and selectivity.Our work demonstrates the effectiveness of leveraging a domain foundation model with an active learning framework and holds potential to significantly accelerate the discovery of high-performance CO_(2)RR catalysts.展开更多
In the grand tapestry of the global energy transition,the quest for scalable hydrogen economies emerges as a pivotal thread,weaving together the dual imperatives of decarbonization and industrial pragmatism.Yet,in its...In the grand tapestry of the global energy transition,the quest for scalable hydrogen economies emerges as a pivotal thread,weaving together the dual imperatives of decarbonization and industrial pragmatism.Yet,in its present form,hydrogen production remains deeply entwined with carbon emissions.展开更多
In this paper, the properties of S25C-SUS405 steel joints by vacuum diffusion welding are discussed, and the specific deformation, tensile strength and hardness of the joints made of those two kinds of steel are intro...In this paper, the properties of S25C-SUS405 steel joints by vacuum diffusion welding are discussed, and the specific deformation, tensile strength and hardness of the joints made of those two kinds of steel are introduced. Through metallographic examination and microanalysis, it can be observed that at the weld interface of the joints there is a decarbonized layer on the S25C steel side and a carburized layer on the SUS405 steel side. This is the main cause giving rise to the heterogeneity of microstructure distribution and the nonuniformity of hardness distribution in weldment. In addition, with the help of electronic probe microanalysis the element distribution, such as carbon and chrome, is reported in this paper.展开更多
基金This manuscript has been authored by an author at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under Contract No.DE-AC02-05CH11231 with the U.S.Department of Energy
文摘Decarbonization in operational residential buildings worldwide has become critical in achieving the carbon neutral target due to the growing household energy demand.To accelerate the pace of global carbon neutrality,this study explores the operational carbon change in global residential buildings through the generalized Divisia index method and decoupling analysis,considering the decarbonization levels of residential buildings at different scales.The results show that(1)most of the samples showed a decrease in the total emissions from 2000 to 2019.Except for China and the United States(US),the carbon emissions in global residential building operations decreased by 7.95 million tons of carbon dioxide(MtCO_(2))per year over the study period.Emissions per gross domestic product(GDP)was the most positive driver causing the decarbonization of residential buildings,while GDP was the most negative driver.(2)Carbon intensity was essential to achieving a strong decoupling of economic development and carbon emissions.The US almost consistently presented strong decoupling,while China showed weak decoupling over the last two decades.(3)The pace of decarbonization in global residential building operations is gradually slowing down.From 2000 to 2019,decarbonization from residential buildings across 30 countries was 2094.3 MtCO_(2),with a decarbonization efficiency of 3.4%.Overall,this study addresses gaps in evaluating global decarbonization from operational residential buildings and provides a reference for evaluating building decarbonization by other emitters.
文摘A shift toward a sustainable and decarbonized power grid is one of Zimbabwe’s main goals in the energy sector.This study comprehensively analyzes the country’s readiness to implement green hydrogen and nuclear energy generation.Despite the extensive energy studies available in literature,the question of whether the country is ready to adopt these two technologies remains unanswered.The literature lacks information on how well the country is prepared for green hydrogen production for its industrial applications.Therefore,this paper begins with a synopsis of current electricity generation and consumption trends,followed by overviews of nuclear energy and green hydrogen generation,respectively.The country’s readiness to adopt the technologies under study is then examined by considering the available infrastructure,economic status of the country,supporting policies,regulatory frameworks already in place,social acceptance,and the potential positive and negative impacts.An analysis of strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats analysis is implemented,emphasizing the critical factors that must be considered.Recommendations are outlined to enable a strategic and seamless adoption of green hydrogen and nuclear energy,specifically small modular reactors.The main findings indicate that Zimbabwe currently relies on thermal and hydroelectric energies,with an increasing demand for electricity,particularly in the mining sector.In addition,adopting green hydrogen and nuclear energy primarily results in improved grid resilience,reduced electricity supply-demand gap,economic growth through increased investments,and mitigation of poverty.However,insufficient policies and regulatory frameworks,as well as increased safety concerns,can hinder the implementation of these projects.However,these limitations can be effectively minimized by technological advances or international and regional collaborations.Hence,comprehensive economic reforms,supporting policies,and regulations are required,along with capacity-building investments.The study provides policymakers,investors,and stakeholders with insights into the substantial benefits of considering these energy sources for a decarbonized and sustainable energy future.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(71904125)the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(23QA1404900)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(23ZR1434100)the Science and Technology Cooperation Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region——Action Plan of Shanghai Jiao Tong University for“Revitalizing Inner Mongolia through Science and Technology”(2025XYJG0001-01-08).
文摘Global efforts to transform power systems are accelerating,yet the localized patterns and trajectories of this transition-crucial for equitable and regionally tailored policy-making-remain insufficiently explored.This study introduces a comprehensive subnational dataset of global power plants,encompassing nine energy types and spanning the years 2015 to 2020.Through spatial statistics,clustering,and cross-regional comparisons,we identify distinct trajectories of power capacity change across energy types and regions.While decarbonization remains a clear global trend,structurally disadvantaged or over-averaged regions are still at risk of being overlooked.To better understand these transition dynamics,we conducted a machine learning-based driver analysis,which highlights the dominant influence of development-related factors such as electricity demand and economic growth.The openly accessible dataset fills a critical gap in global energy data and offers a standardized,robust framework for analyzing regional power infrastructure development.Its design enables fine-grained,dynamic assessments of transition pathways and facilitates interdisciplinary research across energy,climate,and policy domains.
文摘On December 26,2025 China announced plans to begin the zero-carbon transformation of 52 industrial parks across the country.This first batch of parks span sectors such as new energy,advanced manufactur-ing and computing.The list ensures every province,autonomous region,and municipality has at least one designated park,with transforma-tion set for completion by 2030.
基金supported by the Major Research Projects of the National Social Science Fund of China(NSFC,Grant no.23VHQ015).
文摘The accelerated decline of Arctic sea ice since the 1980s has paradoxically amplified greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions through increased shipping activities in this ecologically vulnerable region.This study investigates how to reconcile the decarbonization of Arctic shipping with conflicting environmental,economic,and geopolitical interests.Through systematic literature review and interest-balancing analysis,our findings identify three systemic barriers:(1)inadequate adaptation of International Maritime Organization(IMO)regulations to Arctic-specific environmental risks,(2)fragmented enforcement mechanisms among Arctic and non-Arctic States,and(3)technological limitations in clean fuel adoption for ice-class vessels.To address these challenges,a tripartite governance framework is proposed.First,legally binding amendments to International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships(MARPOL)Annex VI introducing Arctic-specific Energy Efficiency eXisting ship Index(EEXI)standards and extending energy efficiency regulations to fishing vessels.Second,a phased fuel transition prioritizing liquefied natural gas(LNG)and methanol,followed by hydrogen-ammonia synthetics.Third,enhanced multilateral cooperation through an Arctic Climate Shipping Alliance to coordinate joint research and development in cold-adapted technologies and ice-route optimization.By integrating United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea(UNCLOS)obligations with IMO Polar Code implementation,this study advances a dynamic interest-balancing framework for policymakers,offering actionable pathways to achieve Paris Agreement targets while safeguarding Arctic ecosystems.
文摘1.Introduction and background Global warming demands low-carbon energy.Ammonia(NH_(3)),a carbon-free hydrogen carrier,offers CO_(2)reduction potential,aligning with decarbonization,per the work of Zhang et al.2.NH_(3)as a fuel Advantages:NH_(3)offers high hydrogen content ease of storage,cost-effectiveness in large-scale transport,and technological maturity in synthesis.
文摘AIM:To analyze the environmental impact of patient travel for cataract surgery at a German ophthalmology center.METHODS:All cataract surgeries performed between October 23 and October 27,2023,were analyzed,and all patient records were reviewed for follow-up visits.All travel distances were calculated,and the associated emissions were quantified.Additionally,patients’utilization of geographically closer branch practices for follow-up care was evaluated,along with the corresponding effects on travel-related emissions.RESULTS:A total of 69 patients underwent unilateral cataract surgery.The average one-way travel distance was 40.1 km(24.9 mi;SD=23.6 km).Corresponding emissions were 1284.8 kg of greenhouse gas(GHG),2.477 kg of nitrogen oxides,and 0.101 kg of particulates.All patients attended at least two follow-up visits.Conducting followup visits at branch practices reduced travel distance by 49.1%.The associated GHG emissions from all travel were 1984.3 kg.Emissions from follow-up visits were 54.4%higher than those from the surgery itself.Total GHG emissions amounted to 3269.1 kg,with an average of 47.4 kg of GHG per patient for all travel associated with cataract surgery.CONCLUSION:A dense network of branch practices contributes to reducing the carbon footprint of cataract surgery-related patient travel;however,the development of digital health approaches for follow-up care is necessary to further optimize the environmental sustainability of cataract surgery.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52270043)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFE0113800 and 2024YFC3715000)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(8242030).
文摘The contamination of wastewater with organic pollutants and nitrogen compounds poses significant environmental challenges.The primary objective of wastewater treatment is the simultaneous denitrification and decarbonization of ammonia nitrogen and organics into harmless by-products.This study presents a novel method for the directional generation of chlorine radical species like·ClO and·Cl using electro-reactive membranes(EMs)known as RuO_(2)@PbO_(2)-M,which were fabricated using an electro-deposition coupled template approach.This method facilitates the rapid and efficient conversion of ammonia to nitrogen and concurrently reduces the chemical oxygen demand in the effluent.Our system achieved ultra-efficient simultaneous denitrification and decarbonization with minimal energy consumption in single-filtration mode,thereby eliminating the need for chemical precursors.We elucidate the formation pathway of·ClO and·Cl during the electrochemical oxidation process involving RuO_(2)@PbO_(2)-M,where·Cl generated from RuO_(2)reacts with·OH from PbO_(2)under hypochlorous acid conditions,thereby enhancing nitrogen and carbon removal.These findings highlight a novel electro-filtration and an innovative reactive membrane design for·ClO synthesis,which provides a new research framework for the concurrent removal of nitrogen and carbon,and offers a promising solution to enhance wastewater treatment efficiency.
基金supported by the Chengdu Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project[Grant No.2022C05]National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.71904158].
文摘Developing low-carbon and efficient power systems is critical for energy security in the global warming context.We address this issue by focusing on the productivity impact of a decarbonization policy in China’s thermal power sector—namely,the“Constructing Large Units and Restricting Small Ones”(CLRS)initiative.Utilizing a resource misallocation model,we construct a new theoretical framework to distinguish between technical and allocative efficiency and analyze productivity using plant-level data.The results indicate that the CLRS policy has significantly improved the allocative and technical efficiency of China’s coal-fired power sector,thereby ensuring power security.The closure of outdated and highly distorted small coal-fired units,which have been replaced by technologically advanced large units,primarily drives the enhanced efficiency.The policy’s effects are most pronounced in large-scale power plants and those with high coal combustion efficiency.Furthermore,a comparison of power plants’productivity distribution before and after policy implementation reveals that the CLRS policy not only enhances capital productivity in the coal-fired power sector but also increases rational labor allocation.Our findings have important policy implications for developing countries vis-à-vis building efficient and stable power systems amid climate change.
文摘This study addresses the critical need for decarbonization in offshore marine logistics by developing an integrated modeling framework to support low-emission operations across complex,multi-echelon vessel networks.It focuses on port-to-platform supply chains serving offshore wind farms,oil rigs,and floating logistics hubs.A hybrid analytical approach was adopted,combining Mixed-Integer Linear Programming(MILP)for optimizing emission-minimizing routing,Discrete-Event Simulation(DES)to evaluate offshore scheduling performance under variability,and a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis(MCDA)model using AHP-TOPSIS to rank alternative marine fuel types.Monte Carlo simulation was also employed to assess cost and delivery fluctuations across uncertain operational scenarios.Data inputs were compiled from real-world offshore fleet specifications,port emissions records,and marine fuel technology benchmarks.MILP-based network flow optimization reduced CO₂emissions by 22%while maintaining service reliability across all demand points.DES simulations revealed congestion-driven scheduling delays during peak vessel utilization.MCDA analysis ranked bio-LNG and hydrogen propulsion systems as optimal choices based on emission,cost,and availability trade-offs.Hypothesis testing confirmed significant relationships between fuel type,network structure,and emission performance.The study demonstrates how multi-echelon logistics planning,integrated with emissions-based modeling,can facilitate environmentally responsible marine supply chain design.The framework offers practical guidance for offshore fleet managers,port authorities,and policy regulators aiming to align operational efficiency with decarbonization objectives under IMO and EU directives.
文摘With the global economy undergoing decarbonization and a new wave of technological revolution and industrial transformation,supply chain security risks have become increasingly prominent.Major countries are shifting their focus toward critical minerals,beyond traditional common minerals such as iron and copper.The trend is especially notable regarding minerals considered essential for strategically important emerging industries.
文摘World’s First Ammonia-Fueled Vessel Sets Sail The world's first pure ammonia-powered demonstration vessel,the Anhui,successfully completed its maiden voyage in Hefei,east China's Anhui Province,on June 28,marking a major step forward for green shipping.Ammonia,a major chemical industry feedstock,has a high energy density and due to its carbon-free nature,produces only water and nitrogen when fully combusted.This makes it a highly promising fuel for decarbonizing shipping.
基金supported by the Marine S&T Fund of Shandong Province for Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)(No.2022QNLM050201-3)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFF0801000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92158206,42003049).
文摘Subduction zones,linking the surface and deep carbon reservoirs,significantly affect the Earth’s long-term climate change and habitability.The subducting slabs undergo decarbonation with increasing pressure and temperature,during which partial carbon mobilizes out of the slab and returns to the surface by arc volcanism or degassing,while the residual carbon continues to descend to greater depths in the mantle.The estimated carbon influx at subduction zones depends strongly on the calculation model,with contributions from sediments ranging from 15 to 60 Mt C/yr,altered ocean basalts from 18 to 61 Mt C/yr,and serpentinized perdotites from 1.3 to 36 Mt C/yr.The carbon influx varies in space and time.Carbon removal from subducting slab occurs through metamorphic reactions,carbonate dissolution,diapirism,hydrocarbon formation and melting.Among these decarbonation mechanisms,diapirism and slab meting play a decisive role in dictating the depth at which surface carbonates can subduct.Specifically,diapirism may restrict sedimentary carbonates at shallow depths(<200 km),while slab melting exhausts all carbonates from the altered ocean crust near transition zones(410–660 km).Consequently,a mechanism enabling surface carbonates to reach the lower mantle,i.e.,ultra-deep carbon cycle,is required to be in accordance with observations by natural samples.
文摘As decarbonization pressure on traditional fossil fuel-related industries gradually intensifies,CCUS has been increasingly incorporated into energy transition strategies by various oil companies.From a development opportunity perspective,oil companies possess four key advantages in developing the CCUS industry:exploration and development technology advantages;geological resource advantages;capital advantages;source-sink matching advantages.In terms of challenges,oil companies face numerous issues in developing the CCUS industry,including technological development,economic viability,and policy and legal aspects.At the national level,China’s oil companies should advocate for improving and optimizing relevant laws and regulations,enhancing the policy support system,incorporating CCUS into the carbon trading market,and strengthening top-level design and medium-to long-term planning;at the enterprise level,they should continuously advance full industrial chain technologies and reduce CCUS project operating costs,selectively participate in industrial segments that suit their capabilities,strengthen CCUS full industrial chain operational capabilities,and enhance talent development and strengthen international exchange and cooperation.
基金supported by the Helmholtz Association within the framework of the innovation platform“Solar TAP”[Az:714-62150-3/1(2023)]co-funded by the European Union(ERC,C2C-PV,project number 101088359)。
文摘This study investigates the disparities in the deployment of photovoltaic(PV)technology for carbon emissions reduction across different nations,highlighting the mismatch between countries with high economic capacity and those where PV installation would maximize global decarbonization benefits.This mismatch is discussed based on three key factors influencing decarbonization via PV technology:per capita gross domestic product;carbon intensity of the energy system;and solar resource availability.Current PV deployment is predominantly concentrated in economically advanced countries,and does not coincide with regions where the environmental and economic impact of such installations would be most significant.Through a series of thought experiments,it is demonstrated how alternative prioritization strategies could significantly reduce global carbon emissions.Argument is put forward for a globally coordinated approach to PV deployment,particularly targeting high-impact sunbelt regions,to enhance the efficacy of decarbonization efforts and promote equitable energy access.The study underscores the need for international policies that support sustainable energy transitions in economically less developed regions through workforce development and assistance with the activation of capital.
基金financial support from the creation of a teaching-led research platform,the Ratchadaphisek Somphot Endowment Fund,Chulalongkorn University。
文摘The Mae Moh lignite-fired power plant is the only lignite-fired power plant and is the main point source of CO_(2)emissions in Thailand.This power plant uses lignite supplied from the Mae Moh lignite open-pit mine in the same vicinity.Carbon dioxide sequestration technologies can play a crucial role in reducing carbon emissions in the energy sector,particularly in coal-fired power plants.This case study provides the first assessment of the potential for geological CO_(2)storage in coal seams at the Mae Moh coal mine in northern Thailand based on literature reviews.The Mae Moh Basin is a rift basin with a complex normal fault and contains coal seams at different depths separated by claystones.The geological setting potentially offers favorable conditions for the geological storage of CO_(2)in the coal seams through a combination of physical and chemical trapping mechanisms.The findings suggest that the Mae Moh coal mine is suitable for geological CO_(2)storage,especially in K and Q coal seams.However,leakage risks,storage capacity,and CO_(2)-water-coal reactions could be problematic.Thus,more subsurface studies should be carried out,and more detailed criteria should be considered before CO_(2)sequestration is undertaken in the Mae Moh coal mine.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022ZD0117501)the Scientific Research Innovation Capability Support Project for Young Faculty(ZYGXQNJSKYCXNLZCXM-E7)the Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program and the Carbon Neutrality and Energy System Transformation(CNEST)Program led by Tsinghua University.
文摘Industrial decarbonization is critical for achieving net-zero goals.The carbon dioxide electrochemical reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)is a promising approach for converting CO_(2)into high-value chemicals,offering the potential for decarbonizing industrial processes toward a sustainable,carbon-neutral future.However,developing CO_(2)RR catalysts with high selectivity and activity remains a challenge due to the complexity of finding such catalysts and the inefficiency of traditional computational or experimental approaches.Here,we present a methodology integrating density functional theory(DFT)calculations,deep learning models,and an active learning strategy to rapidly screen high-performance catalysts.The proposed methodology is then demonstrated on graphene-based single-atom catalysts for selective CO_(2)electroreduction to methanol.First,we conduct systematic binding energy calculations for 3045 single-atom catalysts to identify thermodynamically stable catalysts as the design space.We then use a graph neural network,fine-tuned with a specialized adsorption energy database,to predict the relative activity and selectivity of the candidate catalysts.An autonomous active learning framework is used to facilitate the exploration of designs.After six learning cycles and 2180 adsorption calculations across 15 intermediates,we develop a surrogate model that identifies four novel catalysts on the Pareto front of activity and selectivity.Our work demonstrates the effectiveness of leveraging a domain foundation model with an active learning framework and holds potential to significantly accelerate the discovery of high-performance CO_(2)RR catalysts.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22225902)the National Key Research&Development Program of China(2022YFE0115900)。
文摘In the grand tapestry of the global energy transition,the quest for scalable hydrogen economies emerges as a pivotal thread,weaving together the dual imperatives of decarbonization and industrial pragmatism.Yet,in its present form,hydrogen production remains deeply entwined with carbon emissions.
文摘In this paper, the properties of S25C-SUS405 steel joints by vacuum diffusion welding are discussed, and the specific deformation, tensile strength and hardness of the joints made of those two kinds of steel are introduced. Through metallographic examination and microanalysis, it can be observed that at the weld interface of the joints there is a decarbonized layer on the S25C steel side and a carburized layer on the SUS405 steel side. This is the main cause giving rise to the heterogeneity of microstructure distribution and the nonuniformity of hardness distribution in weldment. In addition, with the help of electronic probe microanalysis the element distribution, such as carbon and chrome, is reported in this paper.
