The accelerated decline of Arctic sea ice since the 1980s has paradoxically amplified greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions through increased shipping activities in this ecologically vulnerable region.This study investigates h...The accelerated decline of Arctic sea ice since the 1980s has paradoxically amplified greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions through increased shipping activities in this ecologically vulnerable region.This study investigates how to reconcile the decarbonization of Arctic shipping with conflicting environmental,economic,and geopolitical interests.Through systematic literature review and interest-balancing analysis,our findings identify three systemic barriers:(1)inadequate adaptation of International Maritime Organization(IMO)regulations to Arctic-specific environmental risks,(2)fragmented enforcement mechanisms among Arctic and non-Arctic States,and(3)technological limitations in clean fuel adoption for ice-class vessels.To address these challenges,a tripartite governance framework is proposed.First,legally binding amendments to International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships(MARPOL)Annex VI introducing Arctic-specific Energy Efficiency eXisting ship Index(EEXI)standards and extending energy efficiency regulations to fishing vessels.Second,a phased fuel transition prioritizing liquefied natural gas(LNG)and methanol,followed by hydrogen-ammonia synthetics.Third,enhanced multilateral cooperation through an Arctic Climate Shipping Alliance to coordinate joint research and development in cold-adapted technologies and ice-route optimization.By integrating United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea(UNCLOS)obligations with IMO Polar Code implementation,this study advances a dynamic interest-balancing framework for policymakers,offering actionable pathways to achieve Paris Agreement targets while safeguarding Arctic ecosystems.展开更多
The contamination of wastewater with organic pollutants and nitrogen compounds poses significant environmental challenges.The primary objective of wastewater treatment is the simultaneous denitrification and decarboni...The contamination of wastewater with organic pollutants and nitrogen compounds poses significant environmental challenges.The primary objective of wastewater treatment is the simultaneous denitrification and decarbonization of ammonia nitrogen and organics into harmless by-products.This study presents a novel method for the directional generation of chlorine radical species like·ClO and·Cl using electro-reactive membranes(EMs)known as RuO_(2)@PbO_(2)-M,which were fabricated using an electro-deposition coupled template approach.This method facilitates the rapid and efficient conversion of ammonia to nitrogen and concurrently reduces the chemical oxygen demand in the effluent.Our system achieved ultra-efficient simultaneous denitrification and decarbonization with minimal energy consumption in single-filtration mode,thereby eliminating the need for chemical precursors.We elucidate the formation pathway of·ClO and·Cl during the electrochemical oxidation process involving RuO_(2)@PbO_(2)-M,where·Cl generated from RuO_(2)reacts with·OH from PbO_(2)under hypochlorous acid conditions,thereby enhancing nitrogen and carbon removal.These findings highlight a novel electro-filtration and an innovative reactive membrane design for·ClO synthesis,which provides a new research framework for the concurrent removal of nitrogen and carbon,and offers a promising solution to enhance wastewater treatment efficiency.展开更多
Developing low-carbon and efficient power systems is critical for energy security in the global warming context.We address this issue by focusing on the productivity impact of a decarbonization policy in China’s ther...Developing low-carbon and efficient power systems is critical for energy security in the global warming context.We address this issue by focusing on the productivity impact of a decarbonization policy in China’s thermal power sector—namely,the“Constructing Large Units and Restricting Small Ones”(CLRS)initiative.Utilizing a resource misallocation model,we construct a new theoretical framework to distinguish between technical and allocative efficiency and analyze productivity using plant-level data.The results indicate that the CLRS policy has significantly improved the allocative and technical efficiency of China’s coal-fired power sector,thereby ensuring power security.The closure of outdated and highly distorted small coal-fired units,which have been replaced by technologically advanced large units,primarily drives the enhanced efficiency.The policy’s effects are most pronounced in large-scale power plants and those with high coal combustion efficiency.Furthermore,a comparison of power plants’productivity distribution before and after policy implementation reveals that the CLRS policy not only enhances capital productivity in the coal-fired power sector but also increases rational labor allocation.Our findings have important policy implications for developing countries vis-à-vis building efficient and stable power systems amid climate change.展开更多
This study investigates the disparities in the deployment of photovoltaic(PV)technology for carbon emissions reduction across different nations,highlighting the mismatch between countries with high economic capacity a...This study investigates the disparities in the deployment of photovoltaic(PV)technology for carbon emissions reduction across different nations,highlighting the mismatch between countries with high economic capacity and those where PV installation would maximize global decarbonization benefits.This mismatch is discussed based on three key factors influencing decarbonization via PV technology:per capita gross domestic product;carbon intensity of the energy system;and solar resource availability.Current PV deployment is predominantly concentrated in economically advanced countries,and does not coincide with regions where the environmental and economic impact of such installations would be most significant.Through a series of thought experiments,it is demonstrated how alternative prioritization strategies could significantly reduce global carbon emissions.Argument is put forward for a globally coordinated approach to PV deployment,particularly targeting high-impact sunbelt regions,to enhance the efficacy of decarbonization efforts and promote equitable energy access.The study underscores the need for international policies that support sustainable energy transitions in economically less developed regions through workforce development and assistance with the activation of capital.展开更多
A crystalline sapphire （Al2O3） boule （Ф10 × 80mm^3） grown by the temperature gradient technique （TGT） is a bit colored due to carbon volatilization from the graphite heater at high temperatures and the abs...A crystalline sapphire （Al2O3） boule （Ф10 × 80mm^3） grown by the temperature gradient technique （TGT） is a bit colored due to carbon volatilization from the graphite heater at high temperatures and the absorption of transitional metal inclusions in the raw material. The sapphire becomes colorless and transparent after decolorization and decarbonization in successive annealings in air and hydrogen at high temperatures. The quality, optical transmissivity,and homogeneity of the sapphire are remarkably improved.展开更多
On the basis of understanding the principle of rotary triboelectrostatic separation, dynamic analysis of charged fly ash particles aimed at determining the key factors and separation experiments to improve decarboniza...On the basis of understanding the principle of rotary triboelectrostatic separation, dynamic analysis of charged fly ash particles aimed at determining the key factors and separation experiments to improve decarbonization efficiency had been carried out Variables of electrode plate voltage and corrected wind speed are the key factors which affect the decarbonization efficiency on the separation of fly ash, The results of separation experiments show that:(1) With the plate voltage increasing, the efficiency of decarbonization continuously rises and in its selected range, the optimal voltage level is 45 KV;(2) The corrected wind speed can impact the efficiency of decarbonization significantly: with the speed increasing, the efficiency of decarbonization shows a trend of first decline, then increase and decrease again, and in its selected range, the optimal speed is 2.0 m/s. This study is of significance for the improvement of rotary triboelectrostatic separation performance and its decarbonization separation efficiency.展开更多
The basic principle of fly ash triboelectrification is analysed. The mineral electrical index and test method are introduced. The electric difference of different mineral composition of fly ash is discussed by analysi...The basic principle of fly ash triboelectrification is analysed. The mineral electrical index and test method are introduced. The electric difference of different mineral composition of fly ash is discussed by analysis of chemical and mineral composition of fly ash in Xinwen power plant. The dielectric constant and charge-mass ratio of carbon and ash of fly ash are tested. Combined with the experimental study on rotary triboelectrostatic separation, the charged characteristic of fly ash particles with different size is gained. The results show that the dielectric constant of fly ash with different grain size decreased with the decrease of particle size, which lead to the poor electrical conductivity, Thus it can be seen that par- ticle size plays a leading role in conductivity, The charge of carbon and ash with each size increased with the decreased of particle size; and the charge-mass ratio between carbon and ash with the same size lar- ger with the decrease of size, which indicated that the finer particle size, the more favorable for triboelec- trification separation. In the same conditions, the best decarburization effect is realized when the particle size ranges from 0.038 to 0.074 ram, whose decarbonization rate and efficiency index reached 38.93% and 120.83% respectively.展开更多
Climate change is becoming an important issue in all fields of infrastructure development.Electricity plays a core role in the decarbonized energy system’s path to a regional zero-emission pattern.A well-built trans-...Climate change is becoming an important issue in all fields of infrastructure development.Electricity plays a core role in the decarbonized energy system’s path to a regional zero-emission pattern.A well-built trans-Mediterranean backbone grid can hedge the profound evolution of regional power generation,transmission,and consumption.To date,only Turkey and the Maghreb countries(i.e.,Morocco,Algeria,and Tunisia)are connected with the Continental European Synchronous Area.Other south-and east-shore countries have insufficient interconnection infrastructures and synchronization difficulties that have proven to be major hurdles to the implementation of large-scale solar and wind projects and achievement of climate goals.This study analyzes the current trans-boundary grid interconnections and power and carbon emission portfolios in the Mediterranean region.To align with the recently launched new climate target‘Fit for 55’program and the accelerated large-scale renewables target,a holistic review of projected trans-Mediterranean grids and their market,technical,and financial obstacles of implementation was conducted.For south-and east-shore countries,major legal and regulatory barriers encompassing non-liberalized market structure,regulation gaps of taxation and transmission tariffs,and the private sector’s access rights need to be removed.Enhancement of domestic grids,substations,and harmonized grid codes and frequency,voltage,and communication technology standards among all trans-Mediterranean countries are physical prerequisites for implementing the Trans-Mediterranean Electricity Market.In addition,the mobilization of capital instruments along with private and international investments is indispensable for the realization of supranational transmission projects.As the final section of the decarbonization roadmap,the development of electric appliances,equipment,and vehicles with higher efficiency is inevitable in the decarbonized building,transportation,and industry sectors.展开更多
Decarbonization is a critical issue for peaking CO_(2) emissions of energy-intensive industries,such as the iron and steel industry.The decarbonization options of China’s ironmaking and steelmaking sector were discus...Decarbonization is a critical issue for peaking CO_(2) emissions of energy-intensive industries,such as the iron and steel industry.The decarbonization options of China’s ironmaking and steelmaking sector were discussed based on a systematic three-dimensional low-carbon analysis from the aspects of resource utilization(Y),energy utilization(Q),and energy cleanliness which is evaluated by a process general emission factor(PGEF)on all the related processes,including the current blast furnace(BF)-basic oxygen furnace(BOF)integrated process and the specific sub-processes,as well as the electric arc furnace(EAF)process,typical direct reduction(DR)process,and smelting reduction(SR)process.The study indicates that the three-dimensional aspects,particularly the energy structure,should be comprehensively considered to quantitatively evaluate the decarbonization road map based on novel technologies or processes.Promoting scrap utilization(improvement of Y)and the substitution of carbon-based energy(improvement of PGEF)in particular is critical.In terms of process scale,promoting the development of the scrap-based EAF or DR-EAF process is highly encouraged because of their lower PGEF.The three-dimensional method is expected to extend to other processes or industries,such as the cement production and thermal electricity generation industries.展开更多
Yanbei project of Schlumberger Copower Oilfield Engineering Co.,Ltd.-natural gas purification plant decarbonization unit is equipped with two sets of decarbonization systems(parallel operation).The two sets of systems...Yanbei project of Schlumberger Copower Oilfield Engineering Co.,Ltd.-natural gas purification plant decarbonization unit is equipped with two sets of decarbonization systems(parallel operation).The two sets of systems adopt two tower process,full lean liquid circulation regeneration process,one tower absorption(absorption pressure 5.4mpag),one tower regeneration(regeneration temperature 95℃-110℃),purified natural gas carbon dioxide content≤2.5vol%,single set The treatment capacity is 2300 KM3/d.This paper introduces the problems existing in the decarbonization solution of the decarbonization unit in the natural gas purification plant in recent three years,analyzes the causes of pollutants affecting the quality of the decarbonization solution,and probes into the control measures for the pollution of the decarbonization solution,so as to provide reference.展开更多
The aqueous fluids within subducted slabs have the potential to influence the form of carbonate presence and the carbon cycling process.Experiments were performed on resistive heating diamond anvil cell using siderite...The aqueous fluids within subducted slabs have the potential to influence the form of carbonate presence and the carbon cycling process.Experiments were performed on resistive heating diamond anvil cell using siderite crystals and grains with water under conditions of pressure as high as 11.4 GPa and temperatures reaching up to 530℃.These experiments aimed to simulate geological reactions that may occur within a depth range of 340 km in subducted slabs.Raman spectroscopy was employed to monitor the reactions and microscale phenomena within the sample chamber as pressure and temperature increase.The recovered products were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.The results indicate that at 0.8 GPa and 108℃,a Fischer-Tropsch Type(FTT)reaction occurred on the sample surface,resulting in the formation of organic compound formaldehyde,followed by the observation of formic acid.At higher pressure and temperature(3.5 GPa,420℃),the formation ofγ-Fe_(2)O_(3)andγ-FeOOH was observed on the sample surface,accompanied by the release of CO_(2)and H_(2).Transmission electron microscope analysis of the quenched product powders indicated that the generated iron oxides were consistent with the phases observed at high pressure and temperature conditions.High pressure and temperature dissolution experiments of siderite in water reveal that carbon may be released into the mantle wedge entirely in the form of CO_(2)in warm subducted slabs and cold subducted slabs that subduct to depths of 75 km.The released CO_(2)participates in the carbon cycle of the island arc volcanic systems in the upper mantle at depths of 70-120 km and accelerates the transfer of subducted carbon to the Earth’s surface.展开更多
Microwave is an efficient and clean energy input mode.It is easy to integrate into the chemical industry to promote electrification and assist in decarbonization.The important characteristic of microwave heating is th...Microwave is an efficient and clean energy input mode.It is easy to integrate into the chemical industry to promote electrification and assist in decarbonization.The important characteristic of microwave heating is that the entire process volume can be heated internally,while the components with high dielectric loss can be heated selectively and rapidly.Microwave heating initiates very different mechanisms from conventional thermal approaches and can lead to dramatically different results[1].In the background of the“Dual Carbon”goal,microwave technology has an enormous potential to be applied to various fields,mainly chemical engineering,the metallurgical industry and material synthesis.展开更多
Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic,power generation and the associated CO_(2)emissions in major countries have experienced a decline and rebound.Knowledge on how an economic crisis affects the emission dynami...Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic,power generation and the associated CO_(2)emissions in major countries have experienced a decline and rebound.Knowledge on how an economic crisis affects the emission dynamics of the power sector would help alleviate the emission rebound in the post-COVID-19 era.In this study,we investigate the mechanism by which the 2008 global financial crisis sways the dynamics of power decarbonization.The method couples the logarithmic mean Divisia index(LMDI)and environmentally extended input-output analysis.Results show that,from 2009 to 2011,global power generation increased rapidly at a rate higher than that of GDP,and the related CO_(2)emissions and the emission intensity of global electricity supply also rebounded;the rapid economic growth in fossil power-dominated countries(e.g.,China,the United States,and India)was the main reason for the growth of electricity related CO_(2)emissions;and the fixed capital formation was identified as the major driver of the rebound in global electricity consumption.Lessons from the 2008 financial crisis can provide insights for achieving a low-carbon recovery after the COVID-19 crisis,and specific measures have been proposed,for example,setting electricity consumption standards for infrastructure construction projects to reduce electricity consumption induced by the fixed capital formation,and attaching energy efficiency labels and carbon footprint labels to metal products(e.g.,iron and steel,aluminum,and fabricated metal products),large quantities of which are used for fixed capital formation.展开更多
Gas hydrates,crystalline compounds composed of water and vip molecules,have gained attention for their potential in selective CO_(2)capture and storage.This study evaluates hydrate-based CO_(2)capture technologies f...Gas hydrates,crystalline compounds composed of water and vip molecules,have gained attention for their potential in selective CO_(2)capture and storage.This study evaluates hydrate-based CO_(2)capture technologies for flue gas decarbonization through experimental investigations and process simulations.Hydrate formation and dissociation experiments examined two configurations:a two-stage high-pressure formation process using the kinetic promoter sodium p-styrenesulfonate,which achieved a 53.65%CO_(2)removal rate and reduced concentration from 20 mol%to 9.27 mol%,and a three-stage low-pressure formation process employing both kinetic and thermodynamic promoters(TBAB and cyclopentane),attaining a 64.66%removal rate and lowering CO_(2)concentration to 9.11 mol%.Complementary to the experimental data,process simulations was conducted by the Aspen HYSYS and Aspen EDR.Then the comprehensive 4E(Energy,Exergy,Economy,and Environment)analysis identified the Low-Pressure Formation with Atmospheric Dissociation(L-A)configuration as the most effective approach.The L-A process exhibited the lowest total energy consumption of 240,077 MJ/h and the highest exergy efficiency of 0.725.Economically,it presented significantly lower equipment and operational costs compared to high-pressure alternatives.Environmentally,the L-A configuration maintained indirect CO_(2)emission ratios below one,indicating a net positive impact.These results suggest that the L-A process offers a balanced and efficient solution for industrial-scale CO_(2)capture,combining technical feasibility,cost-effectiveness,and environmental sustainability.展开更多
The world is endowed with a tremendous amount of coal resources,which are unevenly distributed in a few nations.While sustainable energy resources are being developed and deployed,fossil fuels dominate the current wor...The world is endowed with a tremendous amount of coal resources,which are unevenly distributed in a few nations.While sustainable energy resources are being developed and deployed,fossil fuels dominate the current world energy consumption.Thus,low-carbon clean technologies,like underground coal gasification(UCG),ought to play a vital role in energy supply and ensuring energy security in the foreseeable future.This paper provides a state-of-the-art review of the world's development of UCG for enhanced hydrogen production.It is revealed that the world has an active interest in decarbonizing the coal industry for hydrogen-oriented research in the context of UCG.While research is ongoing in multiple coal-rich nations,China dominates the world's efforts in both industrial-scale UCG pilots and laboratory experiments.A variety of coal ranks were tested in UCG for enhanced hydrogen output,and the possibilities of linking UCG with other prospective technologies had been proposed and critically scrutinized.Moreover,it is found that transborder collaborations are in dire need to propel a faster commercialization of UCG in an ever-more carbon-conscious world.Furthermore,governmental and financial support is necessary to incentivize further UCG development for large-scale hydrogen production.展开更多
Decarbonization of energy economy is nowadays a topical theme,and several pathways are under discussion.Gaseous fuels have a fundamental role for this transition,and the production of low carbon-impact fuels is necess...Decarbonization of energy economy is nowadays a topical theme,and several pathways are under discussion.Gaseous fuels have a fundamental role for this transition,and the production of low carbon-impact fuels is necessary to deal with this challenge.The generation of renewable hydrogen is a trusted solution since this energy vector can be promptly produced from electricity and injected into the existing natural gas infrastructure,granting storage capacity and easy transportation.This scenario will lead,in the near future,to hydrogen enrichment of natural gas,whose impact on the infrastructures is being actively studied.The effect on end-user devices such as domestic gas boilers,instead,is still little analyzed and tested,but is fundamental to be assessed.The aim of this research is to generate knowledge on the effect of hydrogen enrichment on the widely used premixed boilers:the investigations include pollutant emissions,efficiency,flashback and explosion hazard,control system and materials selection.A model for calculating several parameters related to combustion of hydrogen enriched natural gas is presented.Guidelines for the design of new components are provided,and an insight is given on the maximum hydrogen blending bearable by the current boilers.展开更多
Climate actions(SDG-13)aim at limiting global warming by targeting carbon emissions reduction.With the energy industry recognized as a significant CO_(2) emitter,SDG-13 policies mostly translate energy transition to r...Climate actions(SDG-13)aim at limiting global warming by targeting carbon emissions reduction.With the energy industry recognized as a significant CO_(2) emitter,SDG-13 policies mostly translate energy transition to renewables(SDG-7)and the electrification of end-users,both energy-demanding sectors and society(cities,households,and mobility).The double-layered actions parallel the classical“cascade control”employed in industrial sectors.For achieving deep decarbonization,the ambitious net-zero emissions(NZE),large-scale deployment of renewables demand storage,with hydrogen as a prominent chemical storage alternative,and carbon capture&storage(CCS)for hard-to-electrify sectors.Infrastructure developments need policy and capital investments,and geopolitics and resource availability challenge and offer opportunities.Since decarbonization and electrification have multiple realization paths and impact the industrial metabolism,SDGs are interconnected with synergies and trade-offs.Prioritization of SDGs by policymakers is necessary for resilience and robustness in achieving climate goals within a systems dynamics approach.This critical review identifies niches in decarbonization and electrification,enlightening the industrial metabolism under the lens of SDGs.展开更多
Heating decarbonization is a major challenge for China to meet its 2060 carbon neutral commitment,yet most existing studies on China’s carbon neutrality focus on supply side(e.g.,grid decarbonization,zero-carbon fuel...Heating decarbonization is a major challenge for China to meet its 2060 carbon neutral commitment,yet most existing studies on China’s carbon neutrality focus on supply side(e.g.,grid decarbonization,zero-carbon fuel)rather than demand side(e.g.,heating and cooling in buildings and industry).In terms of end use energy consumption,heating and cooling accounts for 50% of the total energy consumption,and heat pumps would be an effective driver for heating decarbonization along with the decarbonization on power generation side.Previous study has discussed the underestimated role of the heat pump in achieving China’s goal of carbon neutrality by 2060.In this paper,various investigation and assessments on heat pumps from research to applications are presented.The maximum decarbonization potential from heat pump in a carbon neutral China future could reach around 1532Mton and 670Mton for buildings and industrial heating respectively,which show nearly 2 billion tons CO_(2) emission reduction,20% current CO_(2) emission in China.Moreover,a region-specific technology roadmap for heat pump development in China is suggested.With collaborated efforts from government incentive,technology R&D,and market regulation,heat pump could play a significant role in China’s 2060 carbon neutrality.展开更多
Rural logistics faces a dilemma between development and high carbon emissions in China.We assess the tension between rural logistics development and carbon emissions from the perspective of policy guidance by modeling...Rural logistics faces a dilemma between development and high carbon emissions in China.We assess the tension between rural logistics development and carbon emissions from the perspective of policy guidance by modeling a rural logistics system using Jiangsu’s data.We simulate the development trend of Jiangsu rural logistics under carbon abatement policies from 2021–2030,with a focus on promoting its development while simultaneously reducing carbon emissions at a minimal cost.The findings show that rural logistics will move towards high carbon emissions without a carbon abatement policy,while the huge tax pressure of carbon reduction policies reduces the profitability of rural logistics,leading to a trade-off between development and decarbonization.From the perspective of implementation timing and manner of carbon abatement policies implementation,we propose a pathway for securing the profitability of rural logistics and resolving the trade-off.展开更多
基金supported by the Major Research Projects of the National Social Science Fund of China(NSFC,Grant no.23VHQ015).
文摘The accelerated decline of Arctic sea ice since the 1980s has paradoxically amplified greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions through increased shipping activities in this ecologically vulnerable region.This study investigates how to reconcile the decarbonization of Arctic shipping with conflicting environmental,economic,and geopolitical interests.Through systematic literature review and interest-balancing analysis,our findings identify three systemic barriers:(1)inadequate adaptation of International Maritime Organization(IMO)regulations to Arctic-specific environmental risks,(2)fragmented enforcement mechanisms among Arctic and non-Arctic States,and(3)technological limitations in clean fuel adoption for ice-class vessels.To address these challenges,a tripartite governance framework is proposed.First,legally binding amendments to International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships(MARPOL)Annex VI introducing Arctic-specific Energy Efficiency eXisting ship Index(EEXI)standards and extending energy efficiency regulations to fishing vessels.Second,a phased fuel transition prioritizing liquefied natural gas(LNG)and methanol,followed by hydrogen-ammonia synthetics.Third,enhanced multilateral cooperation through an Arctic Climate Shipping Alliance to coordinate joint research and development in cold-adapted technologies and ice-route optimization.By integrating United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea(UNCLOS)obligations with IMO Polar Code implementation,this study advances a dynamic interest-balancing framework for policymakers,offering actionable pathways to achieve Paris Agreement targets while safeguarding Arctic ecosystems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52270043)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFE0113800 and 2024YFC3715000)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(8242030).
文摘The contamination of wastewater with organic pollutants and nitrogen compounds poses significant environmental challenges.The primary objective of wastewater treatment is the simultaneous denitrification and decarbonization of ammonia nitrogen and organics into harmless by-products.This study presents a novel method for the directional generation of chlorine radical species like·ClO and·Cl using electro-reactive membranes(EMs)known as RuO_(2)@PbO_(2)-M,which were fabricated using an electro-deposition coupled template approach.This method facilitates the rapid and efficient conversion of ammonia to nitrogen and concurrently reduces the chemical oxygen demand in the effluent.Our system achieved ultra-efficient simultaneous denitrification and decarbonization with minimal energy consumption in single-filtration mode,thereby eliminating the need for chemical precursors.We elucidate the formation pathway of·ClO and·Cl during the electrochemical oxidation process involving RuO_(2)@PbO_(2)-M,where·Cl generated from RuO_(2)reacts with·OH from PbO_(2)under hypochlorous acid conditions,thereby enhancing nitrogen and carbon removal.These findings highlight a novel electro-filtration and an innovative reactive membrane design for·ClO synthesis,which provides a new research framework for the concurrent removal of nitrogen and carbon,and offers a promising solution to enhance wastewater treatment efficiency.
基金supported by the Chengdu Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project[Grant No.2022C05]National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.71904158].
文摘Developing low-carbon and efficient power systems is critical for energy security in the global warming context.We address this issue by focusing on the productivity impact of a decarbonization policy in China’s thermal power sector—namely,the“Constructing Large Units and Restricting Small Ones”(CLRS)initiative.Utilizing a resource misallocation model,we construct a new theoretical framework to distinguish between technical and allocative efficiency and analyze productivity using plant-level data.The results indicate that the CLRS policy has significantly improved the allocative and technical efficiency of China’s coal-fired power sector,thereby ensuring power security.The closure of outdated and highly distorted small coal-fired units,which have been replaced by technologically advanced large units,primarily drives the enhanced efficiency.The policy’s effects are most pronounced in large-scale power plants and those with high coal combustion efficiency.Furthermore,a comparison of power plants’productivity distribution before and after policy implementation reveals that the CLRS policy not only enhances capital productivity in the coal-fired power sector but also increases rational labor allocation.Our findings have important policy implications for developing countries vis-à-vis building efficient and stable power systems amid climate change.
基金supported by the Helmholtz Association within the framework of the innovation platform“Solar TAP”[Az:714-62150-3/1(2023)]co-funded by the European Union(ERC,C2C-PV,project number 101088359)。
文摘This study investigates the disparities in the deployment of photovoltaic(PV)technology for carbon emissions reduction across different nations,highlighting the mismatch between countries with high economic capacity and those where PV installation would maximize global decarbonization benefits.This mismatch is discussed based on three key factors influencing decarbonization via PV technology:per capita gross domestic product;carbon intensity of the energy system;and solar resource availability.Current PV deployment is predominantly concentrated in economically advanced countries,and does not coincide with regions where the environmental and economic impact of such installations would be most significant.Through a series of thought experiments,it is demonstrated how alternative prioritization strategies could significantly reduce global carbon emissions.Argument is put forward for a globally coordinated approach to PV deployment,particularly targeting high-impact sunbelt regions,to enhance the efficacy of decarbonization efforts and promote equitable energy access.The study underscores the need for international policies that support sustainable energy transitions in economically less developed regions through workforce development and assistance with the activation of capital.
文摘A crystalline sapphire （Al2O3） boule （Ф10 × 80mm^3） grown by the temperature gradient technique （TGT） is a bit colored due to carbon volatilization from the graphite heater at high temperatures and the absorption of transitional metal inclusions in the raw material. The sapphire becomes colorless and transparent after decolorization and decarbonization in successive annealings in air and hydrogen at high temperatures. The quality, optical transmissivity,and homogeneity of the sapphire are remarkably improved.
基金provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51274200)Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No.20130095110010)
文摘On the basis of understanding the principle of rotary triboelectrostatic separation, dynamic analysis of charged fly ash particles aimed at determining the key factors and separation experiments to improve decarbonization efficiency had been carried out Variables of electrode plate voltage and corrected wind speed are the key factors which affect the decarbonization efficiency on the separation of fly ash, The results of separation experiments show that:(1) With the plate voltage increasing, the efficiency of decarbonization continuously rises and in its selected range, the optimal voltage level is 45 KV;(2) The corrected wind speed can impact the efficiency of decarbonization significantly: with the speed increasing, the efficiency of decarbonization shows a trend of first decline, then increase and decrease again, and in its selected range, the optimal speed is 2.0 m/s. This study is of significance for the improvement of rotary triboelectrostatic separation performance and its decarbonization separation efficiency.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51274200 and 51221462)
文摘The basic principle of fly ash triboelectrification is analysed. The mineral electrical index and test method are introduced. The electric difference of different mineral composition of fly ash is discussed by analysis of chemical and mineral composition of fly ash in Xinwen power plant. The dielectric constant and charge-mass ratio of carbon and ash of fly ash are tested. Combined with the experimental study on rotary triboelectrostatic separation, the charged characteristic of fly ash particles with different size is gained. The results show that the dielectric constant of fly ash with different grain size decreased with the decrease of particle size, which lead to the poor electrical conductivity, Thus it can be seen that par- ticle size plays a leading role in conductivity, The charge of carbon and ash with each size increased with the decreased of particle size; and the charge-mass ratio between carbon and ash with the same size lar- ger with the decrease of size, which indicated that the finer particle size, the more favorable for triboelec- trification separation. In the same conditions, the best decarburization effect is realized when the particle size ranges from 0.038 to 0.074 ram, whose decarbonization rate and efficiency index reached 38.93% and 120.83% respectively.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41701232).
文摘Climate change is becoming an important issue in all fields of infrastructure development.Electricity plays a core role in the decarbonized energy system’s path to a regional zero-emission pattern.A well-built trans-Mediterranean backbone grid can hedge the profound evolution of regional power generation,transmission,and consumption.To date,only Turkey and the Maghreb countries(i.e.,Morocco,Algeria,and Tunisia)are connected with the Continental European Synchronous Area.Other south-and east-shore countries have insufficient interconnection infrastructures and synchronization difficulties that have proven to be major hurdles to the implementation of large-scale solar and wind projects and achievement of climate goals.This study analyzes the current trans-boundary grid interconnections and power and carbon emission portfolios in the Mediterranean region.To align with the recently launched new climate target‘Fit for 55’program and the accelerated large-scale renewables target,a holistic review of projected trans-Mediterranean grids and their market,technical,and financial obstacles of implementation was conducted.For south-and east-shore countries,major legal and regulatory barriers encompassing non-liberalized market structure,regulation gaps of taxation and transmission tariffs,and the private sector’s access rights need to be removed.Enhancement of domestic grids,substations,and harmonized grid codes and frequency,voltage,and communication technology standards among all trans-Mediterranean countries are physical prerequisites for implementing the Trans-Mediterranean Electricity Market.In addition,the mobilization of capital instruments along with private and international investments is indispensable for the realization of supranational transmission projects.As the final section of the decarbonization roadmap,the development of electric appliances,equipment,and vehicles with higher efficiency is inevitable in the decarbonized building,transportation,and industry sectors.
基金supported by the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy,China(Project Code:41603006).
文摘Decarbonization is a critical issue for peaking CO_(2) emissions of energy-intensive industries,such as the iron and steel industry.The decarbonization options of China’s ironmaking and steelmaking sector were discussed based on a systematic three-dimensional low-carbon analysis from the aspects of resource utilization(Y),energy utilization(Q),and energy cleanliness which is evaluated by a process general emission factor(PGEF)on all the related processes,including the current blast furnace(BF)-basic oxygen furnace(BOF)integrated process and the specific sub-processes,as well as the electric arc furnace(EAF)process,typical direct reduction(DR)process,and smelting reduction(SR)process.The study indicates that the three-dimensional aspects,particularly the energy structure,should be comprehensively considered to quantitatively evaluate the decarbonization road map based on novel technologies or processes.Promoting scrap utilization(improvement of Y)and the substitution of carbon-based energy(improvement of PGEF)in particular is critical.In terms of process scale,promoting the development of the scrap-based EAF or DR-EAF process is highly encouraged because of their lower PGEF.The three-dimensional method is expected to extend to other processes or industries,such as the cement production and thermal electricity generation industries.
文摘Yanbei project of Schlumberger Copower Oilfield Engineering Co.,Ltd.-natural gas purification plant decarbonization unit is equipped with two sets of decarbonization systems(parallel operation).The two sets of systems adopt two tower process,full lean liquid circulation regeneration process,one tower absorption(absorption pressure 5.4mpag),one tower regeneration(regeneration temperature 95℃-110℃),purified natural gas carbon dioxide content≤2.5vol%,single set The treatment capacity is 2300 KM3/d.This paper introduces the problems existing in the decarbonization solution of the decarbonization unit in the natural gas purification plant in recent three years,analyzes the causes of pollutants affecting the quality of the decarbonization solution,and probes into the control measures for the pollution of the decarbonization solution,so as to provide reference.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Project of China(Grant No.2023YFF0804100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 42102030,12074141,and 12274168)+3 种基金supported by Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Development Project(Grants No.20210402054GH and No.20220101011JC)the Program for Jilin University Science and Technology Innovative Research Team(Grant No.2021-TD-05)National Major Science Facility Synergetic Extreme Condition User Facility Achievement Transformation Platform Construction(2021FGWCXNLJSKJ01)supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42272041).
文摘The aqueous fluids within subducted slabs have the potential to influence the form of carbonate presence and the carbon cycling process.Experiments were performed on resistive heating diamond anvil cell using siderite crystals and grains with water under conditions of pressure as high as 11.4 GPa and temperatures reaching up to 530℃.These experiments aimed to simulate geological reactions that may occur within a depth range of 340 km in subducted slabs.Raman spectroscopy was employed to monitor the reactions and microscale phenomena within the sample chamber as pressure and temperature increase.The recovered products were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.The results indicate that at 0.8 GPa and 108℃,a Fischer-Tropsch Type(FTT)reaction occurred on the sample surface,resulting in the formation of organic compound formaldehyde,followed by the observation of formic acid.At higher pressure and temperature(3.5 GPa,420℃),the formation ofγ-Fe_(2)O_(3)andγ-FeOOH was observed on the sample surface,accompanied by the release of CO_(2)and H_(2).Transmission electron microscope analysis of the quenched product powders indicated that the generated iron oxides were consistent with the phases observed at high pressure and temperature conditions.High pressure and temperature dissolution experiments of siderite in water reveal that carbon may be released into the mantle wedge entirely in the form of CO_(2)in warm subducted slabs and cold subducted slabs that subduct to depths of 75 km.The released CO_(2)participates in the carbon cycle of the island arc volcanic systems in the upper mantle at depths of 70-120 km and accelerates the transfer of subducted carbon to the Earth’s surface.
文摘Microwave is an efficient and clean energy input mode.It is easy to integrate into the chemical industry to promote electrification and assist in decarbonization.The important characteristic of microwave heating is that the entire process volume can be heated internally,while the components with high dielectric loss can be heated selectively and rapidly.Microwave heating initiates very different mechanisms from conventional thermal approaches and can lead to dramatically different results[1].In the background of the“Dual Carbon”goal,microwave technology has an enormous potential to be applied to various fields,mainly chemical engineering,the metallurgical industry and material synthesis.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72222014,72074138,72074136,and 71904125)the Taishan Scholars Program,and the Major Project of National Social Science Fund of China(22&ZD108).
文摘Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic,power generation and the associated CO_(2)emissions in major countries have experienced a decline and rebound.Knowledge on how an economic crisis affects the emission dynamics of the power sector would help alleviate the emission rebound in the post-COVID-19 era.In this study,we investigate the mechanism by which the 2008 global financial crisis sways the dynamics of power decarbonization.The method couples the logarithmic mean Divisia index(LMDI)and environmentally extended input-output analysis.Results show that,from 2009 to 2011,global power generation increased rapidly at a rate higher than that of GDP,and the related CO_(2)emissions and the emission intensity of global electricity supply also rebounded;the rapid economic growth in fossil power-dominated countries(e.g.,China,the United States,and India)was the main reason for the growth of electricity related CO_(2)emissions;and the fixed capital formation was identified as the major driver of the rebound in global electricity consumption.Lessons from the 2008 financial crisis can provide insights for achieving a low-carbon recovery after the COVID-19 crisis,and specific measures have been proposed,for example,setting electricity consumption standards for infrastructure construction projects to reduce electricity consumption induced by the fixed capital formation,and attaching energy efficiency labels and carbon footprint labels to metal products(e.g.,iron and steel,aluminum,and fabricated metal products),large quantities of which are used for fixed capital formation.
基金funded by the Science and Technology Special Project of Qingdao(24–1-8-xdny-18-nsh)the Excellent Youth Fund of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022YQ13)the Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province(tsqn202211159).
文摘Gas hydrates,crystalline compounds composed of water and vip molecules,have gained attention for their potential in selective CO_(2)capture and storage.This study evaluates hydrate-based CO_(2)capture technologies for flue gas decarbonization through experimental investigations and process simulations.Hydrate formation and dissociation experiments examined two configurations:a two-stage high-pressure formation process using the kinetic promoter sodium p-styrenesulfonate,which achieved a 53.65%CO_(2)removal rate and reduced concentration from 20 mol%to 9.27 mol%,and a three-stage low-pressure formation process employing both kinetic and thermodynamic promoters(TBAB and cyclopentane),attaining a 64.66%removal rate and lowering CO_(2)concentration to 9.11 mol%.Complementary to the experimental data,process simulations was conducted by the Aspen HYSYS and Aspen EDR.Then the comprehensive 4E(Energy,Exergy,Economy,and Environment)analysis identified the Low-Pressure Formation with Atmospheric Dissociation(L-A)configuration as the most effective approach.The L-A process exhibited the lowest total energy consumption of 240,077 MJ/h and the highest exergy efficiency of 0.725.Economically,it presented significantly lower equipment and operational costs compared to high-pressure alternatives.Environmentally,the L-A configuration maintained indirect CO_(2)emission ratios below one,indicating a net positive impact.These results suggest that the L-A process offers a balanced and efficient solution for industrial-scale CO_(2)capture,combining technical feasibility,cost-effectiveness,and environmental sustainability.
基金funded by PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&DevelopmentThe support of Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering,University of Calgary and Reservoir Simulation Group is gratefully acknowledged+1 种基金supported by NSERC/Energi Simulation,AITF(iCore),IBM Thomas J.Watson Research Center,and the Energi Simulation/Frank and Sarah Meyer Collaboration Centre for Visualization and Simulationsupport provided by WestGrid and Compute Canada Calcul Canada.
文摘The world is endowed with a tremendous amount of coal resources,which are unevenly distributed in a few nations.While sustainable energy resources are being developed and deployed,fossil fuels dominate the current world energy consumption.Thus,low-carbon clean technologies,like underground coal gasification(UCG),ought to play a vital role in energy supply and ensuring energy security in the foreseeable future.This paper provides a state-of-the-art review of the world's development of UCG for enhanced hydrogen production.It is revealed that the world has an active interest in decarbonizing the coal industry for hydrogen-oriented research in the context of UCG.While research is ongoing in multiple coal-rich nations,China dominates the world's efforts in both industrial-scale UCG pilots and laboratory experiments.A variety of coal ranks were tested in UCG for enhanced hydrogen output,and the possibilities of linking UCG with other prospective technologies had been proposed and critically scrutinized.Moreover,it is found that transborder collaborations are in dire need to propel a faster commercialization of UCG in an ever-more carbon-conscious world.Furthermore,governmental and financial support is necessary to incentivize further UCG development for large-scale hydrogen production.
文摘Decarbonization of energy economy is nowadays a topical theme,and several pathways are under discussion.Gaseous fuels have a fundamental role for this transition,and the production of low carbon-impact fuels is necessary to deal with this challenge.The generation of renewable hydrogen is a trusted solution since this energy vector can be promptly produced from electricity and injected into the existing natural gas infrastructure,granting storage capacity and easy transportation.This scenario will lead,in the near future,to hydrogen enrichment of natural gas,whose impact on the infrastructures is being actively studied.The effect on end-user devices such as domestic gas boilers,instead,is still little analyzed and tested,but is fundamental to be assessed.The aim of this research is to generate knowledge on the effect of hydrogen enrichment on the widely used premixed boilers:the investigations include pollutant emissions,efficiency,flashback and explosion hazard,control system and materials selection.A model for calculating several parameters related to combustion of hydrogen enriched natural gas is presented.Guidelines for the design of new components are provided,and an insight is given on the maximum hydrogen blending bearable by the current boilers.
基金O.Q.F.Araújo,C.R.V.Morgado,and J.L.de Medeiros are grateful for the financial support of Petrobras(Grant No.:Cenpes/ANP 19536)Jos´e Luiz de Medeiros is also thankful for the support of CNPq(311076/2017-3)Ofelia Q.F.Araújo to CNPq(312328/2021-4).
文摘Climate actions(SDG-13)aim at limiting global warming by targeting carbon emissions reduction.With the energy industry recognized as a significant CO_(2) emitter,SDG-13 policies mostly translate energy transition to renewables(SDG-7)and the electrification of end-users,both energy-demanding sectors and society(cities,households,and mobility).The double-layered actions parallel the classical“cascade control”employed in industrial sectors.For achieving deep decarbonization,the ambitious net-zero emissions(NZE),large-scale deployment of renewables demand storage,with hydrogen as a prominent chemical storage alternative,and carbon capture&storage(CCS)for hard-to-electrify sectors.Infrastructure developments need policy and capital investments,and geopolitics and resource availability challenge and offer opportunities.Since decarbonization and electrification have multiple realization paths and impact the industrial metabolism,SDGs are interconnected with synergies and trade-offs.Prioritization of SDGs by policymakers is necessary for resilience and robustness in achieving climate goals within a systems dynamics approach.This critical review identifies niches in decarbonization and electrification,enlightening the industrial metabolism under the lens of SDGs.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China:Study on cycle construction and application of large temperature lift heat pump and steam generation system(52036004).
文摘Heating decarbonization is a major challenge for China to meet its 2060 carbon neutral commitment,yet most existing studies on China’s carbon neutrality focus on supply side(e.g.,grid decarbonization,zero-carbon fuel)rather than demand side(e.g.,heating and cooling in buildings and industry).In terms of end use energy consumption,heating and cooling accounts for 50% of the total energy consumption,and heat pumps would be an effective driver for heating decarbonization along with the decarbonization on power generation side.Previous study has discussed the underestimated role of the heat pump in achieving China’s goal of carbon neutrality by 2060.In this paper,various investigation and assessments on heat pumps from research to applications are presented.The maximum decarbonization potential from heat pump in a carbon neutral China future could reach around 1532Mton and 670Mton for buildings and industrial heating respectively,which show nearly 2 billion tons CO_(2) emission reduction,20% current CO_(2) emission in China.Moreover,a region-specific technology roadmap for heat pump development in China is suggested.With collaborated efforts from government incentive,technology R&D,and market regulation,heat pump could play a significant role in China’s 2060 carbon neutrality.
基金This work has been supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72103178)Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Foundation,Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China(22YJC790004)Zhenjiang Federation of Philosophical and Social Sciences(2022YBL31).
文摘Rural logistics faces a dilemma between development and high carbon emissions in China.We assess the tension between rural logistics development and carbon emissions from the perspective of policy guidance by modeling a rural logistics system using Jiangsu’s data.We simulate the development trend of Jiangsu rural logistics under carbon abatement policies from 2021–2030,with a focus on promoting its development while simultaneously reducing carbon emissions at a minimal cost.The findings show that rural logistics will move towards high carbon emissions without a carbon abatement policy,while the huge tax pressure of carbon reduction policies reduces the profitability of rural logistics,leading to a trade-off between development and decarbonization.From the perspective of implementation timing and manner of carbon abatement policies implementation,we propose a pathway for securing the profitability of rural logistics and resolving the trade-off.
