The Stokes–Einstein–Debye(SED) relation in TIP5P water is tested with the original formula and its variants within the temperature range 240–390 K. The results indicate that although the variants explicitly break d...The Stokes–Einstein–Debye(SED) relation in TIP5P water is tested with the original formula and its variants within the temperature range 240–390 K. The results indicate that although the variants explicitly break down, the original SED relation is almost valid. Compared with the Stokes–Einstein relation, no explicit decoupling is observed in translational and rotational motion. Variation of the effective hydrodynamic radius is critical to testing the validity of the SED relation.展开更多
回复电压测量方法(return voltage measurement,RVM)能有效检测变压器固体绝缘的含水量,然而对于含有局部峰值点的回复电压极化谱难以给出明确的诊断结论。文中在扩展Debye模型基础上,仿真分析了模型参数变化对极化谱和主时间常数CTC、...回复电压测量方法(return voltage measurement,RVM)能有效检测变压器固体绝缘的含水量,然而对于含有局部峰值点的回复电压极化谱难以给出明确的诊断结论。文中在扩展Debye模型基础上,仿真分析了模型参数变化对极化谱和主时间常数CTC、回复电压峰值最大值Urmax的影响规律,并提出将扩展Debye模型不同时间常数支路数作为新的特征量,最后验证了该特征量的可行性。仿真和试验结果表明:RVM极化谱前、中、尾3部分分别对应着油纸绝缘变压器油中偶极子转向极化、油纸界面极化和绝缘纸内偶极子转向极化、纸内界面极化;油纸绝缘老化会使扩展Debye模型各支路极化电阻减小,极化电容增大,时间常数减小;当变压器油老化严重时,极化谱有可能出现局部峰值;扩展Debye模型各时间常数支路数可作为新的RVM特征量,各时间常数支路数的变化也可使极化谱产生局部峰值,现场试验也验证了新特征量的有效性。展开更多
Statistical expression of vapour pressure equations of metals is derived from the Debye model.The statistical distribution of T_(-p) ensemble is presented in an in-elab- orate mode and the partition function is define...Statistical expression of vapour pressure equations of metals is derived from the Debye model.The statistical distribution of T_(-p) ensemble is presented in an in-elab- orate mode and the partition function is defined.The vapour pressure of eleven metals have been calculated with the Debye equation and compared with those given by the E- instein equation and empirical equation.Comparison of results of calculation from dif- ferent methods show their evident accordance within the same orders of magnitude.展开更多
Debye-screening effects on the electron-impact excitation(EIE)processes for the dipole-allowed transition 1 s_(2)^(1)S→1 s2 p^(1)P in He-like Al^(11+)and Fe^(24+)ions are investigated using the fully relativistic dis...Debye-screening effects on the electron-impact excitation(EIE)processes for the dipole-allowed transition 1 s_(2)^(1)S→1 s2 p^(1)P in He-like Al^(11+)and Fe^(24+)ions are investigated using the fully relativistic distorted-wave methods with the Debye-Huckel(DH)model potential.Debye-screening effects on the continuum-bound(CB)interaction and target ion are discussed,both of which result in reduction of EIE cross sections.This reduction due to screening on the CB interaction is dominant.The non-spherical and spherical DH potentials are adopted for considering the screening effect on the CB interaction.It is found that the spherical DH potential could significantly overestimate the influence of plasma screening on EIE cross sections for multielectron He-like ions.展开更多
Peter Debye and Erich Hückel had developed a theory for the ionic activity coefficients in dilute solutions of strong electrolytes some 95 years ago [1]. Their limiting law still stands and is confirmed as close ...Peter Debye and Erich Hückel had developed a theory for the ionic activity coefficients in dilute solutions of strong electrolytes some 95 years ago [1]. Their limiting law still stands and is confirmed as close to reality in many experiments. In a previous article [2], it is shown that these limiting activity coefficients arise because the electrical contribution in the electrochemical potential of ionic species is overestimated traditionally with a factor 2. The smaller value removes inconsistencies in the models and complies better with the basic electrostatic principles. In this article further evidence is given in support of this alternative description. As consequence the dilute activity coefficients become unity, e.g. are removed, which means that the electrochemical potential of ions in dilute solutions is expressed directly in concentration, instead of activity, which simplifies modelling in such dilute solutions.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12104502)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province (Grant No. 2023YFG0308)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 24CAFUC03057)。
文摘The Stokes–Einstein–Debye(SED) relation in TIP5P water is tested with the original formula and its variants within the temperature range 240–390 K. The results indicate that although the variants explicitly break down, the original SED relation is almost valid. Compared with the Stokes–Einstein relation, no explicit decoupling is observed in translational and rotational motion. Variation of the effective hydrodynamic radius is critical to testing the validity of the SED relation.
文摘回复电压测量方法(return voltage measurement,RVM)能有效检测变压器固体绝缘的含水量,然而对于含有局部峰值点的回复电压极化谱难以给出明确的诊断结论。文中在扩展Debye模型基础上,仿真分析了模型参数变化对极化谱和主时间常数CTC、回复电压峰值最大值Urmax的影响规律,并提出将扩展Debye模型不同时间常数支路数作为新的特征量,最后验证了该特征量的可行性。仿真和试验结果表明:RVM极化谱前、中、尾3部分分别对应着油纸绝缘变压器油中偶极子转向极化、油纸界面极化和绝缘纸内偶极子转向极化、纸内界面极化;油纸绝缘老化会使扩展Debye模型各支路极化电阻减小,极化电容增大,时间常数减小;当变压器油老化严重时,极化谱有可能出现局部峰值;扩展Debye模型各时间常数支路数可作为新的RVM特征量,各时间常数支路数的变化也可使极化谱产生局部峰值,现场试验也验证了新特征量的有效性。
文摘Statistical expression of vapour pressure equations of metals is derived from the Debye model.The statistical distribution of T_(-p) ensemble is presented in an in-elab- orate mode and the partition function is defined.The vapour pressure of eleven metals have been calculated with the Debye equation and compared with those given by the E- instein equation and empirical equation.Comparison of results of calculation from dif- ferent methods show their evident accordance within the same orders of magnitude.
基金Project supported by the Science Challenge Project(Grant No.TZ2016001)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grants Nos.2017YFA0403200 and 2017YFA0402300)+1 种基金the Funds for Innovative Fundamental Research Group Project of Gansu Province,China(Grant No.20JR5RA541)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants Nos.11774037 and 12064041)。
文摘Debye-screening effects on the electron-impact excitation(EIE)processes for the dipole-allowed transition 1 s_(2)^(1)S→1 s2 p^(1)P in He-like Al^(11+)and Fe^(24+)ions are investigated using the fully relativistic distorted-wave methods with the Debye-Huckel(DH)model potential.Debye-screening effects on the continuum-bound(CB)interaction and target ion are discussed,both of which result in reduction of EIE cross sections.This reduction due to screening on the CB interaction is dominant.The non-spherical and spherical DH potentials are adopted for considering the screening effect on the CB interaction.It is found that the spherical DH potential could significantly overestimate the influence of plasma screening on EIE cross sections for multielectron He-like ions.
文摘Peter Debye and Erich Hückel had developed a theory for the ionic activity coefficients in dilute solutions of strong electrolytes some 95 years ago [1]. Their limiting law still stands and is confirmed as close to reality in many experiments. In a previous article [2], it is shown that these limiting activity coefficients arise because the electrical contribution in the electrochemical potential of ionic species is overestimated traditionally with a factor 2. The smaller value removes inconsistencies in the models and complies better with the basic electrostatic principles. In this article further evidence is given in support of this alternative description. As consequence the dilute activity coefficients become unity, e.g. are removed, which means that the electrochemical potential of ions in dilute solutions is expressed directly in concentration, instead of activity, which simplifies modelling in such dilute solutions.
