Reovirus is a double-stranded RNA virus with demonstrated oncolysis or preferential replication in cancer cells. The oncolytic properties of reovirus appear to be dependent, in part, on activated Ras signaling. In add...Reovirus is a double-stranded RNA virus with demonstrated oncolysis or preferential replication in cancer cells. The oncolytic properties of reovirus appear to be dependent, in part, on activated Ras signaling. In addition, Ras-transformation promotes reovirus oncolysis by affecting several steps of the viral life cycle. Reovirusmediated immune responses can present barriers to tumor targeting, serve protective functions against reovirus systemic toxicity, and contribute to therapeutic efficacy through antitumor immune-mediated effects via innate and adaptive responses. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the broad anticancer activity of wild-type, unmodified type 3 Dearing strain reovirus（Reolysin） across a spectrum of malignancies. The development of reovirus as an anticancer agent and available clinical data reported from 22 clinical trials will be reviewed.展开更多
Dear Editor,I am Dr Xing-Chao Shentu,from the Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital,Medical College of Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China.I write to present case series of differences in intraocular lens (IOL)p...Dear Editor,I am Dr Xing-Chao Shentu,from the Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital,Medical College of Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China.I write to present case series of differences in intraocular lens (IOL)power calculation by partial coherence interferometry (PCI)and ultrasound A-scan biometry with sub-foveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV).展开更多
Many territorial animals exhibit reduced aggression towards neighbours. Known as ＂the dear enemy effect＂, this phenomenon has been documented among conspecific animals across a wide range of animal taxa. In theory, ...Many territorial animals exhibit reduced aggression towards neighbours. Known as ＂the dear enemy effect＂, this phenomenon has been documented among conspecific animals across a wide range of animal taxa. In theory, the dear enemy ef- fect can also exist between individuals of different species, particularly when those species compete for shared resources. To date, a heterospecific dear enemy effects has only been documented in ants. In this study, we test for both a conspecific and heterospe- cific dear enemy effect in neotropical rufous-and-white wrens Thryophilus rufalbus. This species competes for resources with banded wrens Thryophilus pleurostictus, a closely related sympatric congener. We used acoustic playback to simulate ruf- ous-and-white wren and banded wren neighbours and non-neighbours at the edges of rufous-and-white wren territories. Ruf- ous-and-white wrens responded more strongly to signals from their own species, demonstrating that resident males discriminate between conspecific and heterospecific rivals. They did not, however, exhibit a conspecific dear enemy effect. Further, they did not exhibit a heterospecific dear enemy effect. This could be due to neighbours and non-neighbours posing similar levels of threat in this system, to the possibility that playback from the edges of the subjects＇ large territories did not simulate a threatening signal, or to other factors. Our study provides the first test of a heterospecific dear enemy effect in vertebrates, and presents a valuable experimental approach for testing for a heterospecific dear enemy effect in other animals [Current Zoology 61 （1）： 23-33, 2015].展开更多
Dear editor,Nephrotic syndrome is defined by the presence of peripheral edema,heavy proteinuria(greater than 3.5 g/24h),and hypoalbuminemia(less than 3 g/dL).^[1]Nephrotic syndrome is relatively rare,with an incidence...Dear editor,Nephrotic syndrome is defined by the presence of peripheral edema,heavy proteinuria(greater than 3.5 g/24h),and hypoalbuminemia(less than 3 g/dL).^[1]Nephrotic syndrome is relatively rare,with an incidence of 3 new patients per 100,000 per year in adults.^[1]Despite being a known cause for new onset edema in patients at any age,nephrotic syndrome is often neglected in considering differential diagnoses for this presentation in primary care settings,and initial workups often focus on ruling out cardiac and hepatic causes of edema.^[1-3]In this case report,we describe a 25-year-old male patient who presented to the emergency department(ED)complaining of a 10-day history of anasarca.He was later diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome secondary to minimal change disease.This case served as a reminder to include the differential diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome early in the workup of an adult with peripheral edema presenting to the ED.展开更多
Dear Editor,Tick-borne encephalitis virus(TBEV)belongs to the genus Flavivirus within the family Flaviviridae and includes three subtypes:Siberian,European,and Far Eastern.TBEV infects humans via tick bites;indeed,at ...Dear Editor,Tick-borne encephalitis virus(TBEV)belongs to the genus Flavivirus within the family Flaviviridae and includes three subtypes:Siberian,European,and Far Eastern.TBEV infects humans via tick bites;indeed,at least 10,000 human cases of encephalitis caused by TBEV are reported annually in Russia,China,and European countries(Banzhoff et al.2008;Carletti et al.2017).展开更多
Dear editor, During the past two decades, management of blunt solid organ injuries had shifted from conventional surgery to more conservative approach, namely nonoperative management (NOM).[1] The non-operative approa...Dear editor, During the past two decades, management of blunt solid organ injuries had shifted from conventional surgery to more conservative approach, namely nonoperative management (NOM).[1] The non-operative approach mainly depends on the trauma experience of surgeons and the institution, quality of radiographic imaging and its interpretation.[2-5] If the surgeon decides to observe the patients by NOM, close monitoring of vital signs and frequent physical examinations must be done accordingly with radiological evaluations if needed.展开更多
对所有的英语学习者来说,dear绝不会是个生词,绝大多数英汉词典都将其译为“亲爱的”。如: She was a very dear friend. He was very dear to me. This place is very dear to me-we camehere on our honeymoon.
Dear Editor, Phosphorus (P) deficiency is the most limiting factor in tropical agriculture since most soils in this region are predominantly acids with high-energy P-binding compounds. Therefore, up to 90% of the P ap...Dear Editor, Phosphorus (P) deficiency is the most limiting factor in tropical agriculture since most soils in this region are predominantly acids with high-energy P-binding compounds. Therefore, up to 90% of the P applied becomes fixed in soils, which raises environmental concerns and production costs (Syers et al., 2008). Thus, developing strategies to imptove P use efficiency (PUE) is essential to mitigate environmental problems and improve profits. These strategies should consider the soil-root-rhizosphere system because it is the most biochemical active site where nutrient uptake occurs (Hinsinger, 2011).展开更多
To avoid unnecessary energy expenditures in territorial defense,many species(e.g.,insects,amphibians,birds,and mammals)have developed the capability to distinguish between different intruder types using visual,acousti...To avoid unnecessary energy expenditures in territorial defense,many species(e.g.,insects,amphibians,birds,and mammals)have developed the capability to distinguish between different intruder types using visual,acoustic,and/or chemical signals.Determining the mechanism used for intruder recognition is key to understanding the dynamics of territorial behaviors.In birds that use vocalizations for territorial defense,the frequency and duration of vocalizations or the familiarity with the intruder may be the main mechanism used for intruder recognition.Here,we conducted a playback experiment with territorial White-eared Ground-sparrows(Melozone leucotis),to analyze if territorial pairs recognize intruders using frequency and duration characteristics(a bird’s response is based on how structurally similar the intruders’duets are to their own)or by familiarity with the intruders(neighbors vs.non-neighbors).We focused on duets because this species uses duets exclusively for territorial defense.We broadcasted a duet from a territorial neighbor,two duets from non-neighbors(with different frequency and duration characteristics),and a duet from a control species in 39 territorial pair from three populations.During playback we measured five behavioral responses:latency of the first vocalization,latency of the approach to the speaker,time spent close the speaker(within 5 m),number of individuals that approached the speaker,and the number of vocalizations.We found that territorial White-eared Ground-sparrow pairs responded stronger to neighbors than non-neighbors,and this response is not influenced by duet duration or frequency characteristics.This result suggests that neighbors represent a greater territorial threat for White-eared Ground-sparrows than non-neighbors.Further work is necessary to understand how common this observation is for tropical species that defend small territories year-round.展开更多
前些日子,信手翻开国内某英文杂志.看到一篇英汉对照的短篇小说“A Letter in thewallet”,其中有一段英文如下:It was a“Dear John”letter.The writer,in adelicate script,told the recipient,whose namewas Michael,that her mothe...前些日子,信手翻开国内某英文杂志.看到一篇英汉对照的短篇小说“A Letter in thewallet”,其中有一段英文如下:It was a“Dear John”letter.The writer,in adelicate script,told the recipient,whose namewas Michael,that her mother forbade her to seehim again.Nevertheless,she would always lovehim.It was sighed Hannah.译者把它译为:信上称呼对方为“亲爱的约翰”,写信人字迹清秀,告诉一位叫迈克尔的收信人,说她妈妈不许她再和他见面,尽管如此,她将永远爱他。展开更多
Considering Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in today’s scenario, sending and receiving uninterrupted sensory data remains a challenge to achieve with minimal latency and energy consumption as low as possible. Energy ...Considering Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in today’s scenario, sending and receiving uninterrupted sensory data remains a challenge to achieve with minimal latency and energy consumption as low as possible. Energy consumption is exponentially growing in computing devices such as computers, embedded systems, portable devices, and wireless sensor networks. Extensive research has been in practice recently to minimize energy consumption without compromising the Quality of Service (QoS) that is to provide data to the requester node with minimum Delay and high Reliability. In this paper, a cooperative caching algorithm is used with the proposed Distributed Energy Aware Routing (DEAR) protocol that attempts to minimize energy consumption by reducing the packet overhead in the network and also providing the data to the requester with minimum delay by retrieving requested datum from the nearby caching node available in the vicinity of the requester or sink node. The simulation results clearly show that the energy consumption is less when the grid-based analytical model is used against the star/cluster based model while keeping the same necessary attributes.展开更多
Dear Sunny, very glad to receive your letter. In the letter, you asked me about my school. OK, let I me tell you something about it. My school is very beautiful! It has a big playground. We can play and do some sports...Dear Sunny, very glad to receive your letter. In the letter, you asked me about my school. OK, let I me tell you something about it. My school is very beautiful! It has a big playground. We can play and do some sports I there. Near the playground, there is a garden. Many trees and flowers are growing there. So the I air is very clean and we can hear birds singing in the trees. There^e about 300 teachers and I 5,000 students, from 12 to 16 years old. We have 27 classes every year with about 60 students in every class. The school day starts at 8 a.m. in the morning and finishes at 5 p.m. In a year, I we study a lot of subjects --12! My favorite subject is English, because it is interesting and I easy for me to leam. The teachers in our school are friendly and the students are lovely. Welcome to our school.展开更多
The Belt and Road Initiative-Xinjiang Textile Summit is on,with the leitmotif of joint development,sharing,opportunities and cooperation to be discussed by local grandees,industrial investors,fashion elites,cotton gro...The Belt and Road Initiative-Xinjiang Textile Summit is on,with the leitmotif of joint development,sharing,opportunities and cooperation to be discussed by local grandees,industrial investors,fashion elites,cotton growers,spinners,fabric and apparel manufacturers,international representatives at a mammoth gathering along with Eurasia Expo on Sept.21-22.展开更多
Dear Dad, I'm writing a letter to you,I choose this way to express my feelings to you because maybe it's a little hard to discuss something about smoking face to face with you.Dad,I would like to say
Just after Chinese New Year–Spring Festival, government and industrialists have to face a challenging forecast: Will the economic growth be able to remain what it was in 1997 while
This Mid-Year topic is overwhelmed by on-going nation-wide rescue operations and "quake-lake" concerns in a continued earthquake-fighting endeavor,but a recent much-talked subject has equally been spotlighte...This Mid-Year topic is overwhelmed by on-going nation-wide rescue operations and "quake-lake" concerns in a continued earthquake-fighting endeavor,but a recent much-talked subject has equally been spotlighted,this is what would shock textile industry in coming June or July.展开更多
文摘Reovirus is a double-stranded RNA virus with demonstrated oncolysis or preferential replication in cancer cells. The oncolytic properties of reovirus appear to be dependent, in part, on activated Ras signaling. In addition, Ras-transformation promotes reovirus oncolysis by affecting several steps of the viral life cycle. Reovirusmediated immune responses can present barriers to tumor targeting, serve protective functions against reovirus systemic toxicity, and contribute to therapeutic efficacy through antitumor immune-mediated effects via innate and adaptive responses. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the broad anticancer activity of wild-type, unmodified type 3 Dearing strain reovirus（Reolysin） across a spectrum of malignancies. The development of reovirus as an anticancer agent and available clinical data reported from 22 clinical trials will be reviewed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81500766 No.81371000 No.81670834)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (No.LY16H120002)the Foundation from Health and Family Planning Commission of Zhejiang Province (No.201347434)
文摘Dear Editor,I am Dr Xing-Chao Shentu,from the Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital,Medical College of Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China.I write to present case series of differences in intraocular lens (IOL)power calculation by partial coherence interferometry (PCI)and ultrasound A-scan biometry with sub-foveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV).
文摘Many territorial animals exhibit reduced aggression towards neighbours. Known as ＂the dear enemy effect＂, this phenomenon has been documented among conspecific animals across a wide range of animal taxa. In theory, the dear enemy ef- fect can also exist between individuals of different species, particularly when those species compete for shared resources. To date, a heterospecific dear enemy effects has only been documented in ants. In this study, we test for both a conspecific and heterospe- cific dear enemy effect in neotropical rufous-and-white wrens Thryophilus rufalbus. This species competes for resources with banded wrens Thryophilus pleurostictus, a closely related sympatric congener. We used acoustic playback to simulate ruf- ous-and-white wren and banded wren neighbours and non-neighbours at the edges of rufous-and-white wren territories. Ruf- ous-and-white wrens responded more strongly to signals from their own species, demonstrating that resident males discriminate between conspecific and heterospecific rivals. They did not, however, exhibit a conspecific dear enemy effect. Further, they did not exhibit a heterospecific dear enemy effect. This could be due to neighbours and non-neighbours posing similar levels of threat in this system, to the possibility that playback from the edges of the subjects＇ large territories did not simulate a threatening signal, or to other factors. Our study provides the first test of a heterospecific dear enemy effect in vertebrates, and presents a valuable experimental approach for testing for a heterospecific dear enemy effect in other animals [Current Zoology 61 （1）： 23-33, 2015].
文摘Dear editor,Nephrotic syndrome is defined by the presence of peripheral edema,heavy proteinuria(greater than 3.5 g/24h),and hypoalbuminemia(less than 3 g/dL).^[1]Nephrotic syndrome is relatively rare,with an incidence of 3 new patients per 100,000 per year in adults.^[1]Despite being a known cause for new onset edema in patients at any age,nephrotic syndrome is often neglected in considering differential diagnoses for this presentation in primary care settings,and initial workups often focus on ruling out cardiac and hepatic causes of edema.^[1-3]In this case report,we describe a 25-year-old male patient who presented to the emergency department(ED)complaining of a 10-day history of anasarca.He was later diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome secondary to minimal change disease.This case served as a reminder to include the differential diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome early in the workup of an adult with peripheral edema presenting to the ED.
基金supported by the National Major Science Program Foundation (Nos. 2018ZX10711001-003, 2018ZX10302401-008 and 2017ZX10305501-010)the Major Special Program Foundation (No. AWS15J006)the National China Science Foundation (No. 81501789)
文摘Dear Editor,Tick-borne encephalitis virus(TBEV)belongs to the genus Flavivirus within the family Flaviviridae and includes three subtypes:Siberian,European,and Far Eastern.TBEV infects humans via tick bites;indeed,at least 10,000 human cases of encephalitis caused by TBEV are reported annually in Russia,China,and European countries(Banzhoff et al.2008;Carletti et al.2017).
文摘Dear editor, During the past two decades, management of blunt solid organ injuries had shifted from conventional surgery to more conservative approach, namely nonoperative management (NOM).[1] The non-operative approach mainly depends on the trauma experience of surgeons and the institution, quality of radiographic imaging and its interpretation.[2-5] If the surgeon decides to observe the patients by NOM, close monitoring of vital signs and frequent physical examinations must be done accordingly with radiological evaluations if needed.
文摘对所有的英语学习者来说,dear绝不会是个生词,绝大多数英汉词典都将其译为“亲爱的”。如: She was a very dear friend. He was very dear to me. This place is very dear to me-we camehere on our honeymoon.
基金The Sao Paulo Research Foundation(FAPESP)of Brazil funded the first authorprovided financial support for this research through the processes Nos.2013/18870-1 and 2015/12399-0
文摘Dear Editor, Phosphorus (P) deficiency is the most limiting factor in tropical agriculture since most soils in this region are predominantly acids with high-energy P-binding compounds. Therefore, up to 90% of the P applied becomes fixed in soils, which raises environmental concerns and production costs (Syers et al., 2008). Thus, developing strategies to imptove P use efficiency (PUE) is essential to mitigate environmental problems and improve profits. These strategies should consider the soil-root-rhizosphere system because it is the most biochemical active site where nutrient uptake occurs (Hinsinger, 2011).
基金provided by the Vicerrectoria de Investigacion Universidad de Costa Rica through the project numbers B9123,B9469,and C1085。
文摘To avoid unnecessary energy expenditures in territorial defense,many species(e.g.,insects,amphibians,birds,and mammals)have developed the capability to distinguish between different intruder types using visual,acoustic,and/or chemical signals.Determining the mechanism used for intruder recognition is key to understanding the dynamics of territorial behaviors.In birds that use vocalizations for territorial defense,the frequency and duration of vocalizations or the familiarity with the intruder may be the main mechanism used for intruder recognition.Here,we conducted a playback experiment with territorial White-eared Ground-sparrows(Melozone leucotis),to analyze if territorial pairs recognize intruders using frequency and duration characteristics(a bird’s response is based on how structurally similar the intruders’duets are to their own)or by familiarity with the intruders(neighbors vs.non-neighbors).We focused on duets because this species uses duets exclusively for territorial defense.We broadcasted a duet from a territorial neighbor,two duets from non-neighbors(with different frequency and duration characteristics),and a duet from a control species in 39 territorial pair from three populations.During playback we measured five behavioral responses:latency of the first vocalization,latency of the approach to the speaker,time spent close the speaker(within 5 m),number of individuals that approached the speaker,and the number of vocalizations.We found that territorial White-eared Ground-sparrow pairs responded stronger to neighbors than non-neighbors,and this response is not influenced by duet duration or frequency characteristics.This result suggests that neighbors represent a greater territorial threat for White-eared Ground-sparrows than non-neighbors.Further work is necessary to understand how common this observation is for tropical species that defend small territories year-round.
文摘前些日子,信手翻开国内某英文杂志.看到一篇英汉对照的短篇小说“A Letter in thewallet”,其中有一段英文如下:It was a“Dear John”letter.The writer,in adelicate script,told the recipient,whose namewas Michael,that her mother forbade her to seehim again.Nevertheless,she would always lovehim.It was sighed Hannah.译者把它译为:信上称呼对方为“亲爱的约翰”,写信人字迹清秀,告诉一位叫迈克尔的收信人,说她妈妈不许她再和他见面,尽管如此,她将永远爱他。
文摘Considering Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in today’s scenario, sending and receiving uninterrupted sensory data remains a challenge to achieve with minimal latency and energy consumption as low as possible. Energy consumption is exponentially growing in computing devices such as computers, embedded systems, portable devices, and wireless sensor networks. Extensive research has been in practice recently to minimize energy consumption without compromising the Quality of Service (QoS) that is to provide data to the requester node with minimum Delay and high Reliability. In this paper, a cooperative caching algorithm is used with the proposed Distributed Energy Aware Routing (DEAR) protocol that attempts to minimize energy consumption by reducing the packet overhead in the network and also providing the data to the requester with minimum delay by retrieving requested datum from the nearby caching node available in the vicinity of the requester or sink node. The simulation results clearly show that the energy consumption is less when the grid-based analytical model is used against the star/cluster based model while keeping the same necessary attributes.
文摘Dear Sunny, very glad to receive your letter. In the letter, you asked me about my school. OK, let I me tell you something about it. My school is very beautiful! It has a big playground. We can play and do some sports I there. Near the playground, there is a garden. Many trees and flowers are growing there. So the I air is very clean and we can hear birds singing in the trees. There^e about 300 teachers and I 5,000 students, from 12 to 16 years old. We have 27 classes every year with about 60 students in every class. The school day starts at 8 a.m. in the morning and finishes at 5 p.m. In a year, I we study a lot of subjects --12! My favorite subject is English, because it is interesting and I easy for me to leam. The teachers in our school are friendly and the students are lovely. Welcome to our school.
文摘The Belt and Road Initiative-Xinjiang Textile Summit is on,with the leitmotif of joint development,sharing,opportunities and cooperation to be discussed by local grandees,industrial investors,fashion elites,cotton growers,spinners,fabric and apparel manufacturers,international representatives at a mammoth gathering along with Eurasia Expo on Sept.21-22.
文摘Dear Dad, I'm writing a letter to you,I choose this way to express my feelings to you because maybe it's a little hard to discuss something about smoking face to face with you.Dad,I would like to say
文摘Just after Chinese New Year–Spring Festival, government and industrialists have to face a challenging forecast: Will the economic growth be able to remain what it was in 1997 while
文摘This Mid-Year topic is overwhelmed by on-going nation-wide rescue operations and "quake-lake" concerns in a continued earthquake-fighting endeavor,but a recent much-talked subject has equally been spotlighted,this is what would shock textile industry in coming June or July.
