This study seeks to gain an insight into political speech subtitle,focusing on de/legitimation as a macro-linguistic discursive strategy reflecting micro-linguistic discursive strategies so as to exemplify as to how s...This study seeks to gain an insight into political speech subtitle,focusing on de/legitimation as a macro-linguistic discursive strategy reflecting micro-linguistic discursive strategies so as to exemplify as to how such a discursive representation could be mediated through translation as a socio-communicative action and translation studies as a growing interdisciplinary field of inquiry.To this end,a twofold theoretical framework at both macro-linguistic and micro-linguistic levels is employed-consisting of a quadruple categorization of legitimation developed by Van Leeuwen(2008)[38]on political discourse(PD)and Fairclough's(2003)[12]critical discourse analysis(CDA)model on linguistic modality-to analyze one of the political speeches delivered by the Iranian former president Mahmood Ahmadinejad and subtitled into English by MEMRITV(Middle East Media Research Institute TV).The results,confirming political discourse and its translation as a means of de/legitimation,indicate that although there are no overt manipulations regarding the discourse of de/legitimation in the target text(TT),the manipulation of micro-linguistic device of modality constitutes a degree of covert manipulation of de-legitimizing discourse,altering the author's(the source text enunciator's)commitment to truth.It is concluded that viewing translation of political discourse as a means of de/legitimization in the context of micro-linguistic aspects such as modality could probably open a fruitful avenue to discourse studies in general and translation studies in particular.However,to comparatively achieve more reliable and informative results,adopting eclectic approaches to the critical study of PD seems to be more promising.展开更多
We propose a legal Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)surveillance system to perform passive surveillance or active jamming while in the presence of a suspicious relay or source,where a UAV works in half-duplex mode and the ...We propose a legal Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)surveillance system to perform passive surveillance or active jamming while in the presence of a suspicious relay or source,where a UAV works in half-duplex mode and the relay/source deploys artificial noise to prevent monitoring.Three schemes are considered for a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(MIMO)UAV:surveilling followed by jamming;jamming followed by surveilling;and two-stage surveilling.For each scheme,a closed-form expression of surveilling non-outage probability is derived,and surveilling performance under different system configurations is analyzed.Monte Carlo(MC)simulation validates derivation correctness.展开更多
The theory of situated learning as legitimate peripheral participation(LPP)is widely applied in the educational field.But understandings of it are diversified so that quite a lot of these understandings in literature ...The theory of situated learning as legitimate peripheral participation(LPP)is widely applied in the educational field.But understandings of it are diversified so that quite a lot of these understandings in literature are not in conform to the spirit of the theory.Thus,drawing on literature review,this paper attempts to explicate the theory from three aspects:practical and philosophical base,the central ideas of the theory,and its difference from the cognitive learning theory,aiming to contribute to an easier understanding of it by readers and researchers.展开更多
this paper suggested a model to address two important but unexplored questions-how EPC affects the buildings energy-saving performance and how institutional legitimacy of ESCOs moderates the relationship between EPC a...this paper suggested a model to address two important but unexplored questions-how EPC affects the buildings energy-saving performance and how institutional legitimacy of ESCOs moderates the relationship between EPC and buildings energy-saving performance.The results indicate that the implementation of EPC has a positive effect on building senergy-saving performance.And also,the sociopolitical legitimacy positively moderates the relationship between the implement of EPC and buildings energy-saving performance and the cognitive legitimacy positively moderates the relationship between the implement of EPC and buildings energy-saving performance.展开更多
Legitimate defense plays an important role in curbing crimes,maintaining public order and fostering good moral conduct.In China’s judicial practice,cases on legitimate defense raised several controversies on the natu...Legitimate defense plays an important role in curbing crimes,maintaining public order and fostering good moral conduct.In China’s judicial practice,cases on legitimate defense raised several controversies on the nature of legitimate defense,limits of excessive defense and the applicable objects and definition of special defense.The nature of legitimate defense mainly involves defense intention,defense object,defense time and other factors.The defense intention is an important sign to differ the legitimate defense from the illegitimate defense.The object of legitimate defense can only be the unlawful infringer and the actor can only prevent the ongoing illegal infringement.The existence of unlawful infringement of reality is a prerequisite for legitimate defense to be exercised.The unlawful infringement that is justified by defense should be illegal,invasive,urgency and realistic.As an unlawful infringement,the excessive defense needs to be distinguished from the legitimate defense in terms of the defense limit.As for the “necessary limit”,in principle,it means the necessary defense can stop the present unlawful infringement,and there is an obvious difference between the illegitimate defense and legitimate defense in terms of the means of the actor and the intensity of behavior.Defense behavior shall be treated as excessive defense only if it “obviously exceeds necessary limit” and “cause great harm” at the same time.The key to apply the special defense lies in the accurate understanding of the applicable object of special defense,that is,special defense can only be applied to “ongoing physical assault,murder,robbery,rape,kidnap and other violent crimes that seriously endanger personal safety”.展开更多
With the ever increasing popularity of international standardized English proficiency tests,the test takers' craze for them has nev er been greater.However,the issue of the inequity which comes from the legitimate...With the ever increasing popularity of international standardized English proficiency tests,the test takers' craze for them has nev er been greater.However,the issue of the inequity which comes from the legitimate knowledge which decides a test-taker's score hasn't been fully exposed.The theoretical study of this issue in this paper helps explore the legitimate knowledge tested in international English proficiency tests.By examining the legitimate knowledge in the sample tests of IELTS and TOEFL,the study reveals the underlying bias which constitutes a decent score for the test takers.In the end,the study proposes a more balanced assessment model for discussion.展开更多
During the course of 2004, the Chinese trade unions earnestly implemented their strategy of ＂Organizing for Better Protection,＂ steppedup efforts to regulate industrial relations, effectively defended the legitimate...During the course of 2004, the Chinese trade unions earnestly implemented their strategy of ＂Organizing for Better Protection,＂ steppedup efforts to regulate industrial relations, effectively defended the legitimate rights and interests of workers.展开更多
EDITOR＇S NOTE： All China Federation of Trade Unions （ACFTU） has recently published Blue Paper on the Role of Chinese Trade Unions in Safeguarding the Legitimate Rights and Interests of Workers （2005）, which cons...EDITOR＇S NOTE： All China Federation of Trade Unions （ACFTU） has recently published Blue Paper on the Role of Chinese Trade Unions in Safeguarding the Legitimate Rights and Interests of Workers （2005）, which consist of 11 parts： preserve the correct orientation of Chinese trade unions as a protector of workers＇ legitimate rights and interests; protect workers＇ right to join and form trade union; organize and represent workers to exercise the right to equal consultation; protect workers＇ labor and economic rights; guarantee workers＇ democratic and political rights; fulfill workers＇ spiritual and cultural needs; actively participate in adjusting labor relations and handling labor disputes; protect migrant workers＇ legitimate rights and interests; promote gender equality and protect women workers＇ special rights and interests; take innovations in the way trade unions protect workers; and mobilize and organize workers to play the role of the working class as the main force in economic construction, and the following is an abstracted edition of it.展开更多
文摘This study seeks to gain an insight into political speech subtitle,focusing on de/legitimation as a macro-linguistic discursive strategy reflecting micro-linguistic discursive strategies so as to exemplify as to how such a discursive representation could be mediated through translation as a socio-communicative action and translation studies as a growing interdisciplinary field of inquiry.To this end,a twofold theoretical framework at both macro-linguistic and micro-linguistic levels is employed-consisting of a quadruple categorization of legitimation developed by Van Leeuwen(2008)[38]on political discourse(PD)and Fairclough's(2003)[12]critical discourse analysis(CDA)model on linguistic modality-to analyze one of the political speeches delivered by the Iranian former president Mahmood Ahmadinejad and subtitled into English by MEMRITV(Middle East Media Research Institute TV).The results,confirming political discourse and its translation as a means of de/legitimation,indicate that although there are no overt manipulations regarding the discourse of de/legitimation in the target text(TT),the manipulation of micro-linguistic device of modality constitutes a degree of covert manipulation of de-legitimizing discourse,altering the author's(the source text enunciator's)commitment to truth.It is concluded that viewing translation of political discourse as a means of de/legitimization in the context of micro-linguistic aspects such as modality could probably open a fruitful avenue to discourse studies in general and translation studies in particular.However,to comparatively achieve more reliable and informative results,adopting eclectic approaches to the critical study of PD seems to be more promising.
基金This work is partially supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China under Grant 2020YFB1806805.
文摘We propose a legal Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)surveillance system to perform passive surveillance or active jamming while in the presence of a suspicious relay or source,where a UAV works in half-duplex mode and the relay/source deploys artificial noise to prevent monitoring.Three schemes are considered for a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(MIMO)UAV:surveilling followed by jamming;jamming followed by surveilling;and two-stage surveilling.For each scheme,a closed-form expression of surveilling non-outage probability is derived,and surveilling performance under different system configurations is analyzed.Monte Carlo(MC)simulation validates derivation correctness.
文摘The theory of situated learning as legitimate peripheral participation(LPP)is widely applied in the educational field.But understandings of it are diversified so that quite a lot of these understandings in literature are not in conform to the spirit of the theory.Thus,drawing on literature review,this paper attempts to explicate the theory from three aspects:practical and philosophical base,the central ideas of the theory,and its difference from the cognitive learning theory,aiming to contribute to an easier understanding of it by readers and researchers.
文摘this paper suggested a model to address two important but unexplored questions-how EPC affects the buildings energy-saving performance and how institutional legitimacy of ESCOs moderates the relationship between EPC and buildings energy-saving performance.The results indicate that the implementation of EPC has a positive effect on building senergy-saving performance.And also,the sociopolitical legitimacy positively moderates the relationship between the implement of EPC and buildings energy-saving performance and the cognitive legitimacy positively moderates the relationship between the implement of EPC and buildings energy-saving performance.
基金the Supreme People’s Procuratorate Procuratorial Theory Research Project in 2018—“Study on the System of Sentencing Suggestions in Pleasant Plea”(GJ2018D26)
文摘Legitimate defense plays an important role in curbing crimes,maintaining public order and fostering good moral conduct.In China’s judicial practice,cases on legitimate defense raised several controversies on the nature of legitimate defense,limits of excessive defense and the applicable objects and definition of special defense.The nature of legitimate defense mainly involves defense intention,defense object,defense time and other factors.The defense intention is an important sign to differ the legitimate defense from the illegitimate defense.The object of legitimate defense can only be the unlawful infringer and the actor can only prevent the ongoing illegal infringement.The existence of unlawful infringement of reality is a prerequisite for legitimate defense to be exercised.The unlawful infringement that is justified by defense should be illegal,invasive,urgency and realistic.As an unlawful infringement,the excessive defense needs to be distinguished from the legitimate defense in terms of the defense limit.As for the “necessary limit”,in principle,it means the necessary defense can stop the present unlawful infringement,and there is an obvious difference between the illegitimate defense and legitimate defense in terms of the means of the actor and the intensity of behavior.Defense behavior shall be treated as excessive defense only if it “obviously exceeds necessary limit” and “cause great harm” at the same time.The key to apply the special defense lies in the accurate understanding of the applicable object of special defense,that is,special defense can only be applied to “ongoing physical assault,murder,robbery,rape,kidnap and other violent crimes that seriously endanger personal safety”.
文摘With the ever increasing popularity of international standardized English proficiency tests,the test takers' craze for them has nev er been greater.However,the issue of the inequity which comes from the legitimate knowledge which decides a test-taker's score hasn't been fully exposed.The theoretical study of this issue in this paper helps explore the legitimate knowledge tested in international English proficiency tests.By examining the legitimate knowledge in the sample tests of IELTS and TOEFL,the study reveals the underlying bias which constitutes a decent score for the test takers.In the end,the study proposes a more balanced assessment model for discussion.
文摘During the course of 2004, the Chinese trade unions earnestly implemented their strategy of ＂Organizing for Better Protection,＂ steppedup efforts to regulate industrial relations, effectively defended the legitimate rights and interests of workers.
文摘EDITOR＇S NOTE： All China Federation of Trade Unions （ACFTU） has recently published Blue Paper on the Role of Chinese Trade Unions in Safeguarding the Legitimate Rights and Interests of Workers （2005）, which consist of 11 parts： preserve the correct orientation of Chinese trade unions as a protector of workers＇ legitimate rights and interests; protect workers＇ right to join and form trade union; organize and represent workers to exercise the right to equal consultation; protect workers＇ labor and economic rights; guarantee workers＇ democratic and political rights; fulfill workers＇ spiritual and cultural needs; actively participate in adjusting labor relations and handling labor disputes; protect migrant workers＇ legitimate rights and interests; promote gender equality and protect women workers＇ special rights and interests; take innovations in the way trade unions protect workers; and mobilize and organize workers to play the role of the working class as the main force in economic construction, and the following is an abstracted edition of it.
