Forensic taphonomy as a discipline requires standardization to satisfy Daubert criteria for sci-entific data to be admissible in court.In response,there has been a shift towards quantifica-tion of methodology and esti...Forensic taphonomy as a discipline requires standardization to satisfy Daubert criteria for sci-entific data to be admissible in court.In response,there has been a shift towards quantifica-tion of methodology and estimating the postmortem interval.Despite these advances,there are still biases and limitations within the discipline not explicitly addressed in the early stages of experimental design nor in final published works.In this article,unresolved debates with respect to the conductance and reporting of forensic taphonomic research are reviewed,beginning with the nature of experimental cadavers,human or animal analogues and their body size,and second,the forensic realism of experimental setups,specifically with respect to caging,clothing and number of carcases.Pigs,albeit imperfect,are a good model to gain a general idea of the trends that may be seen in humans in subsequent validation studies in facilities where human donors are available.To date,there is no consen-sus among taphonomists on the extent of the effect that body mass has on decomposition progression.More research is required with both human cadavers and non-human analogues that builds on our current knowledge of forensic taphonomy to answer these nagging questions.This will enable the discipline to make the reliable assumption that pigs and donor decomposition data can be applied to homicide cases.A suite of experimental design aspects is suggested to ensure systematic and standardized data collection across differ-ent biogeoclimatic circumstances to identify and quantify the effects of potential confounding variables.Such studies in multiple,varied biogeographic circumstances with standardized protocols,equipment and carrion will facilitate independent global validation of patterns.These factors are reviewed to show the need for adjustments in experimental design to ensure relevance and applicability of data within locally realistic forensic situations.The initiation of a global decomposition data network for forensic taphonomists is recommended.展开更多
The article describes the Anglo-American law of evidence as it applies to forensic-science testimony interpreting the significance of a "match" to trace evidence. It is adapted from the forthcoming Wiley Enc...The article describes the Anglo-American law of evidence as it applies to forensic-science testimony interpreting the significance of a "match" to trace evidence. It is adapted from the forthcoming Wiley Encyclopedia of Forensic Science.展开更多
文摘Forensic taphonomy as a discipline requires standardization to satisfy Daubert criteria for sci-entific data to be admissible in court.In response,there has been a shift towards quantifica-tion of methodology and estimating the postmortem interval.Despite these advances,there are still biases and limitations within the discipline not explicitly addressed in the early stages of experimental design nor in final published works.In this article,unresolved debates with respect to the conductance and reporting of forensic taphonomic research are reviewed,beginning with the nature of experimental cadavers,human or animal analogues and their body size,and second,the forensic realism of experimental setups,specifically with respect to caging,clothing and number of carcases.Pigs,albeit imperfect,are a good model to gain a general idea of the trends that may be seen in humans in subsequent validation studies in facilities where human donors are available.To date,there is no consen-sus among taphonomists on the extent of the effect that body mass has on decomposition progression.More research is required with both human cadavers and non-human analogues that builds on our current knowledge of forensic taphonomy to answer these nagging questions.This will enable the discipline to make the reliable assumption that pigs and donor decomposition data can be applied to homicide cases.A suite of experimental design aspects is suggested to ensure systematic and standardized data collection across differ-ent biogeoclimatic circumstances to identify and quantify the effects of potential confounding variables.Such studies in multiple,varied biogeographic circumstances with standardized protocols,equipment and carrion will facilitate independent global validation of patterns.These factors are reviewed to show the need for adjustments in experimental design to ensure relevance and applicability of data within locally realistic forensic situations.The initiation of a global decomposition data network for forensic taphonomists is recommended.
文摘The article describes the Anglo-American law of evidence as it applies to forensic-science testimony interpreting the significance of a "match" to trace evidence. It is adapted from the forthcoming Wiley Encyclopedia of Forensic Science.
