We propose an integrated method of data-driven and mechanism models for well logging formation evaluation,explicitly focusing on predicting reservoir parameters,such as porosity and water saturation.Accurately interpr...We propose an integrated method of data-driven and mechanism models for well logging formation evaluation,explicitly focusing on predicting reservoir parameters,such as porosity and water saturation.Accurately interpreting these parameters is crucial for effectively exploring and developing oil and gas.However,with the increasing complexity of geological conditions in this industry,there is a growing demand for improved accuracy in reservoir parameter prediction,leading to higher costs associated with manual interpretation.The conventional logging interpretation methods rely on empirical relationships between logging data and reservoir parameters,which suffer from low interpretation efficiency,intense subjectivity,and suitability for ideal conditions.The application of artificial intelligence in the interpretation of logging data provides a new solution to the problems existing in traditional methods.It is expected to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the interpretation.If large and high-quality datasets exist,data-driven models can reveal relationships of arbitrary complexity.Nevertheless,constructing sufficiently large logging datasets with reliable labels remains challenging,making it difficult to apply data-driven models effectively in logging data interpretation.Furthermore,data-driven models often act as“black boxes”without explaining their predictions or ensuring compliance with primary physical constraints.This paper proposes a machine learning method with strong physical constraints by integrating mechanism and data-driven models.Prior knowledge of logging data interpretation is embedded into machine learning regarding network structure,loss function,and optimization algorithm.We employ the Physically Informed Auto-Encoder(PIAE)to predict porosity and water saturation,which can be trained without labeled reservoir parameters using self-supervised learning techniques.This approach effectively achieves automated interpretation and facilitates generalization across diverse datasets.展开更多
Against the backdrop of escalating global climate change and energy crises,the resource utilization of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),a major greenhouse gas,has become a crucial pathway for achieving carbon peaking and carbon...Against the backdrop of escalating global climate change and energy crises,the resource utilization of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),a major greenhouse gas,has become a crucial pathway for achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.The hydrogenation of CO_(2)to methanol not only enables carbon sequestration and recycling,but also provides a route to produce high value-added fuels and basic chemical feedstocks,holding significant environmental and economic potential.However,this conversion process is thermodynamically and kinetically limited,and traditional catalyst systems(e.g.,Cu/ZnO/Al_(2)O_(3))exhibit inadequate activity,selectivity,and stability under mild conditions.Therefore,the development of novel high-performance catalysts with precisely tunable structures and functionalities is imperative.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),as crystalline porous materials with high surface area,tunable pore structures,and diverse metal-ligand compositions,have the great potential in CO_(2)hydrogenation catalysis.Their structural design flexibility allows for the construction of well-dispersed active sites,tailored electronic environments,and enhanced metal-support interactions.This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in MOF-based and MOF-derived catalysts for CO_(2)hydrogenation to methanol,focusing on four design strategies:(1)spatial confinement and in situ construction,(2)defect engineering and ion-exchange,(3)bimetallic synergy and hybrid structure design,and(4)MOF-derived nanomaterial synthesis.These approaches significantly improve CO_(2)conversion and methanol selectivity by optimizing metal dispersion,interfacial structures,and reaction pathways.The reaction mechanism is further explored by focusing on the three main reaction pathways:the formate pathway(HCOO*),the RWGS(Reverse Water Gas Shift reaction)+CO*hydrogenation pathway,and the trans-COOH pathway.In situ spectroscopic studies and density functional theory(DFT)calculations elucidate the formation and transformation of key intermediates,as well as the roles of active sites,metal-support interfaces,oxygen vacancies,and promoters.Additionally,representative catalytic performance data for MOFbased systems are compiled and compared,demonstrating their advantages over traditional catalysts in terms of CO_(2)conversion,methanol selectivity,and space-time yield.Future perspectives for MOF-based CO_(2)hydrogenation catalysts will prioritize two main directions:structural design and mechanistic understanding.The precise construction of active sites through multi-metallic synergy,defect engineering,and interfacial electronic modulation should be made to enhance catalyst selectivity and stability.In addition,advanced in situ characterization techniques combined with theoretical modeling are essential to unravel the detailed reaction mechanisms and intermediate behaviors,thereby guiding rational catalyst design.Moreover,to enable industrial application,challenges related to thermal/hydrothermal stability,catalyst recyclability,and cost-effective large-scale synthesis must be addressed.The development of green,scalable preparation methods and the integration of MOF catalysts into practical reaction systems(e.g.,flow reactors)will be crucial for bridging the gap between laboratory research and commercial deployment.Ultimately,multi-scale structure-performance optimization and catalytic system integration will be vital for accelerating the industrialization of MOF-based CO_(2)-to-methanol technologies.展开更多
Regulatory T cells,a subset of CD4^(+)T cells,play a critical role in maintaining immune tolerance and tissue homeostasis due to their potent immunosuppressive properties.Recent advances in research have highlighted t...Regulatory T cells,a subset of CD4^(+)T cells,play a critical role in maintaining immune tolerance and tissue homeostasis due to their potent immunosuppressive properties.Recent advances in research have highlighted the important therapeutic potential of Tregs in neurological diseases and tissue repair,emphasizing their multifaceted roles in immune regulation.This review aims to summarize and analyze the mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of Tregs in relation to neurological diseases and neural regeneration.Beyond their classical immune-regulatory functions,emerging evidence points to non-immune mechanisms of regulatory T cells,particularly their interactions with stem cells and other non-immune cells.These interactions contribute to optimizing the repair microenvironment and promoting tissue repair and nerve regeneration,positioning non-immune pathways as a promising direction for future research.By modulating immune and non-immune cells,including neurons and glia within neural tissues,Tregs have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in enhancing regeneration in the central and peripheral nervous systems.Preclinical studies have revealed that Treg cells interact with neurons,glial cells,and other neural components to mitigate inflammatory damage and support functional recovery.Current mechanistic studies show that Tregs can significantly promote neural repair and functional recovery by regulating inflammatory responses and the local immune microenvironment.However,research on the mechanistic roles of regulatory T cells in other diseases remains limited,highlighting substantial gaps and opportunities for exploration in this field.Laboratory and clinical studies have further advanced the application of regulatory T cells.Technical advances have enabled efficient isolation,ex vivo expansion and functionalization,and adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells,with efficacy validated in animal models.Innovative strategies,including gene editing,cell-free technologies,biomaterial-based recruitment,and in situ delivery have expanded the therapeutic potential of regulatory T cells.Gene editing enables precise functional optimization,while biomaterial and in situ delivery technologies enhance their accumulation and efficacy at target sites.These advancements not only improve the immune-regulatory capacity of regulatory T cells but also significantly enhance their role in tissue repair.By leveraging the pivotal and diverse functions of Tregs in immune modulation and tissue repair,regulatory T cells–based therapies may lead to transformative breakthroughs in the treatment of neurological diseases.展开更多
As a crucial aspect of international governance,international standardization requires legitimacy grounded in the principles and frameworks established by international law.Building upon an understanding of the common...As a crucial aspect of international governance,international standardization requires legitimacy grounded in the principles and frameworks established by international law.Building upon an understanding of the commonalities between international law and international standardization,this paper explores the mechanism through which international law centered on treaties empowers international standardization.展开更多
Bentonite is a necessary binder in producing pellets.Its excessive use reduces the iron grade of pellets and increases production costs.Minimizing bentonite dosage is essential for producing high-quality iron ore pell...Bentonite is a necessary binder in producing pellets.Its excessive use reduces the iron grade of pellets and increases production costs.Minimizing bentonite dosage is essential for producing high-quality iron ore pellets.Addressing the gap in the application of organically-intercalated modified bentonite in the pelletizing field,this study introduces an innovative modification process for bentonite that employs the synergistic effect of mechanical force and dimethyl sulfoxide to enhance the intercalation of organic compounds within bentonite,thus significantly enhancing its binding performance.The colloid value and swell capacity of modified bentonite(98.5 m L/3g and 55.0 m L/g)were much higher than the original bentonite(90.5 m L/3g and 17.5 m L/g).With the decrease of bentonite dosage from1.5wt%to 1.0wt%,the drop number of green pellets from a height of 0.5 m and the compressive strengths of roasted pellets using the modified bentonite(6.0 times and 2916 N per pellet)were significantly higher than those of the original bentonite(4.0 times and 2739 N per pellet).This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the intercalation modification mechanism of bentonite,offering crucial technical insights for the development of high-performance modified bentonite as iron ore pellet binders.展开更多
Chemotherapy-induced diarrhea(CID)is a major concern for cancer patients and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.Currently,the clinical management of CID is limited.The utilization of antidiarrheal ...Chemotherapy-induced diarrhea(CID)is a major concern for cancer patients and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.Currently,the clinical management of CID is limited.The utilization of antidiarrheal medications,such as loperamide and octreotide,is relatively limited because of their unsatisfactory efficacy and adverse effects.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has attracted great interest because of its beneficial effect in treating CID,which has multitarget and low-toxicity therapeutic characteristics.TCM exhibits remarkable therapeutic potential in the prevention and treatment of CID.It can alleviate and treat CID by regulating chemical drug metabolism,improving the integrity of the intestinal barrier,stimulating proliferation while suppressing the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells,ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammation and regulating bile acids and aquaporins.However,large-scale,randomized,double-blind clinical trials of TCM for the treatment of CID are lacking,and most preclinical experiments have not been translated to clinical trials.Accordingly,this review highlights the clinical efficacy and molecular mechanisms of TCM against CID via PubMed,Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure and proposes that future research on TCM against CID should focus on strengthening the connection from bench to bed,which may help to comprehensively evaluate the therapeutic potential of TCM against CID.展开更多
Background:Diabetic foot,a severe complication of diabetes,is characterized by chronic refractory wounds.Sanhuang Oil,a topical herbal formula,demonstrates significant therapeutic effects including antibacterial,anti-...Background:Diabetic foot,a severe complication of diabetes,is characterized by chronic refractory wounds.Sanhuang Oil,a topical herbal formula,demonstrates significant therapeutic effects including antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,and immunomodulatory activities.However,its active constituents and mechanisms of action against diabetic foot remain to be elucidated.Methods:In this study,the chemical constituents of Sanhuang Oil were identified using UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS.Subsequently,the mechanism by which Sanhuang Oil promotes diabetic foot ulcer healing was predicted by integrating network pharmacology and molecular docking.Additionally,diabetic mouse model was established in ICR mice using a combination of a high-fat diet(HFD)and streptozotocin(STZ)chemical induction.A full-thickness skin defect was created on the dorsum of the mice.Wound healing and the healing rate were observed following Sanhuang Oil intervention.The mechanism underlying Sanhuang Oil’s promotion of diabetic ulcer healing was further investigated using transcriptomics and histopathological examination(H&E staining).Results:A total of 97 active ingredients were identified from Sanhuang Oil.Network pharmacology analysis predicted 543 common targets,and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis identified 203 relevant pathways.Molecular docking further confirmed high binding affinity(binding energy≤−5.0 kcal/mol)between specific active components in Sanhuang Oil(e.g.,coptisine,phellodendrine,baicalein)and key targets associated with diabetic foot ulcers(e.g.,EGFR,AKT1,STAT3).In vivo experimental results demonstrated that the wound healing rate was significantly higher in Sanhuang Oil-treated groups compared to the model group(P<0.001).HE staining revealed that the high-dose Sanhuang Oil group exhibited more pronounced epithelial tissue coverage over the wound,reduced inflammatory cell infiltration,and increased collagen deposition and fibroblast proliferation.transcriptomic analysis identified Pdk4,Ttn,Csrp3,Actn2,Myoz2,Tnnc2,Myod1,Myog,Myot,and Myf6 as key regulatory proteins involved in promoting wound healing.Conclusion:Sanhuang Oil promotes wound healing in diabetic ulcer mice,potentially by mitigating inflammation and regulating key targets such as Pdk4 to enhance fibroblast function.These findings provide novel insights into the multi-target,multi-pathway mechanism of Sanhuang Oil for treating diabetic foot ulcers.展开更多
Using photoelectrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)to produce valuable fuels is a fascinating way to alleviate environmental issues and energy crises.Bismuth-based(Bi-based)catalysts have attracted widespr...Using photoelectrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)to produce valuable fuels is a fascinating way to alleviate environmental issues and energy crises.Bismuth-based(Bi-based)catalysts have attracted widespread attention for CO_(2)RR due to their high catalytic activity,selectivity,excellent stability,and low cost.However,they still need to be further improved to meet the needs of industrial applications.This review article comprehensively summarizes the recent advances in regulation strategies of Bi-based catalysts and can be divided into six categories:(1)defect engineering,(2)atomic doping engineering,(3)organic framework engineering,(4)inorganic heterojunction engineering,(5)crystal face engineering,and(6)alloying and polarization engineering.Meanwhile,the corresponding catalytic mechanisms of each regulation strategy will also be discussed in detail,aiming to enable researchers to understand the structure-property relationship of the improved Bibased catalysts fundamentally.Finally,the challenges and future opportunities of the Bi-based catalysts in the photoelectrocatalytic CO_(2)RR application field will also be featured from the perspectives of the(1)combination or synergy of multiple regulatory strategies,(2)revealing formation mechanism and realizing controllable synthesis,and(3)in situ multiscale investigation of activation pathways and uncovering the catalytic mechanisms.On the one hand,through the comparative analysis and mechanism explanation of the six major regulatory strategies,a multidimensional knowledge framework of the structure-activity relationship of Bi-based catalysts can be constructed for researchers,which not only deepens the atomic-level understanding of catalytic active sites,charge transport paths,and the adsorption behavior of intermediate products,but also provides theoretical guiding principles for the controllable design of new catalysts;on the other hand,the promising collaborative regulation strategies,controllable synthetic paths,and the in situ multiscale characterization techniques presented in this work provides a paradigm reference for shortening the research and development cycle of high-performance catalysts,conducive to facilitating the transition of photoelectrocatalytic CO_(2)RR technology from the laboratory routes to industrial application.展开更多
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized byclinical symptoms of diarrhea and mucopurulent bloody stools, and its incidenceis increasing globally. The etiology and pathogenesis of U...Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized byclinical symptoms of diarrhea and mucopurulent bloody stools, and its incidenceis increasing globally. The etiology and pathogenesis of UC remain elusive. Currenttherapeutic approaches, including anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressiveand immunomodulating agents, are often limited in efficacy and frequently associatedwith adverse drug reactions. Therefore, there is an urgent need to developsafer and more effective treatment strategies to address the limitations of existingtherapies. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (HQ), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb,has been employed in the treatment of UC for over 2000 years. Recent studieshave demonstrated that HQ contains multiple active components capable oftreating UC through anti-inflammation, immune modulation, intestinal barrierprotection, antioxidant activity, and regulation of the gut microbiota. This paperreviews recent studies on the mechanism of action and clinical trials of HQ intreating UC based on relevant literature, with the aim of providing valuable insightsinto future treatment approaches.展开更多
Tau plays a crucial role in several neurodegenerative diseases,collectively referred to as tauopathies.Therefore,targeting potential pathological changes in tau could enable useful therapeutic interventions.However,ta...Tau plays a crucial role in several neurodegenerative diseases,collectively referred to as tauopathies.Therefore,targeting potential pathological changes in tau could enable useful therapeutic interventions.However,tau is not an easy target because it dynamically interacts with microtubules and other cellular components,which presents a challenge for tau-targeted drugs.New cellular models could aid the development of mechanism-based tau-targeted therapies.展开更多
Lacustrine groundwater discharge(LGD)plays an important role in water resources management.Previous studies have focused on LGD process in a single lake,but the differences in LGD process within the same region have n...Lacustrine groundwater discharge(LGD)plays an important role in water resources management.Previous studies have focused on LGD process in a single lake,but the differences in LGD process within the same region have not been thoroughly investigated.In this study,multiple tracers(hydrochemistry,𝛿D,𝛿18O and 222Rn)were used to compare mechanisms of LGD in Daihai and Ulansuhai Lake in Inner Mongoli1,Northwest China.The hydrochemical types showed a trend from groundwater to lake water,indicating a hydraulic connection between them.In addition,the𝛿D and𝛿18O values of sediment pore water were between the groundwater and lake water,indicating the LGD processes.The radon mass balance model was used to estimate the average groundwater discharge rates of Daihai and Ulansuhai Lake,which were 2.79 mm/day and 3.02 mm/day,respectively.The total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),and fluoride inputs associated with LGD in Daihai Lake accounted for 97.52%,96.59%,and 95.84%of the total inputs,respectively.In contrast,TN,TP and fluoride inputs in Ulansuhai Lake were 53.56%,40.98%,and 36.25%,respectively.This indicates that the pollutant inputs associated with LGD posed a potential threat to the ecological stability of Daihai and Ulansuhai Lake.By comparison,the differences of LGD process and associated pollutant flux were controlled by hydrogeological conditions,lakebed permeability and human activities.This study provides a reference for water resources management in Daihai and Ulansuhai Lake basins while improving the understanding of LGD in the Yellow River basin.展开更多
Abiotic oxygen formation predates photosynthesis,sustaining early chemical evolution,yet its elementary mechanisms remain contested.Here,we show the production pathways for molecular oxygen from doubly ionized carbon ...Abiotic oxygen formation predates photosynthesis,sustaining early chemical evolution,yet its elementary mechanisms remain contested.Here,we show the production pathways for molecular oxygen from doubly ionized carbon dioxide upon electron-impact.Through fragment ions and electron coincidence momentum imaging,we unambiguously determine the ionization mechanism by measuring the projectile energy loss in association with the C^(+) +O_(2)^(+) channel.Further potential energy and trajectory calculations enable us to elucidate the dynamical details of this fragmentation process,in which a bond rearrangement pathway is found to proceed via the structural deformation to a triangular intermediate.Moreover,we demonstrate a further roaming pathway for the formation of O_(2)^(+) from CO_(2)^(+) 2,in which a frustrated C-O bond cleavage leaves the O atom without sufficient energy to escape.The O atom then wanders around varied configuration spaces of the flat potential energy regions and forms a C-O-O_(2)^(+) intermediate prior to the final products C^(+) +O_(2)^(+).Considering the large quantities of free electrons in interstellar space,the processes revealed here are expected to be significant and should be incorporated into atmospheric evolution models.展开更多
Titanium plates with a Ti−O solid solution surface-hardened layer were cold roll-bonded with 304 stainless steel plates with high work hardening rates.The evolution and mechanisms affecting the interfacial bonding str...Titanium plates with a Ti−O solid solution surface-hardened layer were cold roll-bonded with 304 stainless steel plates with high work hardening rates.The evolution and mechanisms affecting the interfacial bonding strength in titanium/stainless steel laminated composites were investigated.Results indicate that the hardened layer reduces the interfacial bonding strength from over 261 MPa to less than 204 MPa.During the cold roll-bonding process,the hardened layer fractures,leading to the formation of multi-scale cracks that are difficult for the stainless steel to fill.This not only hinders the development of an interlocking interface but also leads to the presence of numerous microcracks and hardened blocks along the nearly straight interface,consequently weakening the interfacial bonding strength.In metals with high work hardening rates,the conventional approach of enhancing interface interlocking and improving interfacial bonding strength by using a surface-hardened layer becomes less effective.展开更多
Low-temperature hydrogenation of silicon tetrachloride(STC)is an essential step in polysilicon production.The addition of CuCl to silicon powder is currently a commonly used catalytic method and the silicon powder act...Low-temperature hydrogenation of silicon tetrachloride(STC)is an essential step in polysilicon production.The addition of CuCl to silicon powder is currently a commonly used catalytic method and the silicon powder acts as both a reactant and a catalyst.However,the reaction mechanism and the structure-activity relationship of this process have not been fully elucidated.In this work,a comprehensive study of the reaction mechanism in the presence of Si and Cu_(3)Si was carried out using density functional theory(DFT)combined with experiments,respectively.The results indicated that the ratedetermining step(RDS)in the presence of Si is the phase transition of Si atom,meanwhile,the RDS in the presence of Cu_(3)Si is the TCS-generation process.The activation barrier of the latter is smaller,highlighting that the interaction of Si with the bulk phase is the pivotal factor influencing the catalytic activity.The feasibility of transition metal doping to facilitate this step was further investigated.The Si disengage energy(E_(d))was used as a quantitative parameter to assess the catalytic activity of the catalysts,and the optimal descriptor was determined through interpretable machine learning.It was demonstrated that d-band center and electron transfer play a crucial role in regulating the level of Ed.This work reveals the mechanism and structure-activity relationship for the low-temperature hydrogenation reaction of STC,and provides a basis for the rational design of catalysts.展开更多
Accurate prediction of strip width is a key factor related to the quality of hot rolling manufacture.Firstly,based on strip width formation mechanism model within strip rolling process,an improved width mechanism calc...Accurate prediction of strip width is a key factor related to the quality of hot rolling manufacture.Firstly,based on strip width formation mechanism model within strip rolling process,an improved width mechanism calculation model is delineated for the optimization of process parameters via the particle swarm optimization algorithm.Subsequently,a hybrid strip width prediction model is proposed by effectively combining the respective advantages of the improved mechanism model and the data-driven model.In acknowledgment of prerequisite for positive error in strip width prediction,an adaptive width error compensation algorithm is proposed.Finally,comparative simulation experiments are designed on the actual rolling dataset after completing data cleaning and feature engineering.The experimental results show that the hybrid prediction model proposed has superior precision and robustness compared with the improved mechanism model and the other eight common data-driven models and satisfies the needs of practical applications.Moreover,the hybrid model can realize the complementary advantages of the mechanism model and the data-driven model,effectively alleviating the problems of difficult to improve the accuracy of the mechanism model and poor interpretability of the data-driven model,which bears significant practical implications for the research of strip width control.展开更多
Regulated cell death is a form of cell death that is actively controlled by biomolecules.Several studies have shown that regulated cell death plays a key role after spinal cord injury.Pyroptosis and ferroptosis are ne...Regulated cell death is a form of cell death that is actively controlled by biomolecules.Several studies have shown that regulated cell death plays a key role after spinal cord injury.Pyroptosis and ferroptosis are newly discovered types of regulated cell deaths that have been shown to exacerbate inflammation and lead to cell death in damaged spinal cords.Autophagy,a complex form of cell death that is interconnected with various regulated cell death mechanisms,has garnered significant attention in the study of spinal cord injury.This injury triggers not only cell death but also cellular survival responses.Multiple signaling pathways play pivotal roles in influencing the processes of both deterioration and repair in spinal cord injury by regulating pyroptosis,ferroptosis,and autophagy.Therefore,this review aims to comprehensively examine the mechanisms underlying regulated cell deaths,the signaling pathways that modulate these mechanisms,and the potential therapeutic targets for spinal cord injury.Our analysis suggests that targeting the common regulatory signaling pathways of different regulated cell deaths could be a promising strategy to promote cell survival and enhance the repair of spinal cord injury.Moreover,a holistic approach that incorporates multiple regulated cell deaths and their regulatory pathways presents a promising multi-target therapeutic strategy for the management of spinal cord injury.展开更多
The utilization of computation resources and reconfiguration time has a large impact on reconfiguration system performance. In order to promote the performance, a dynamical self-reconfigurable mechanism for data-drive...The utilization of computation resources and reconfiguration time has a large impact on reconfiguration system performance. In order to promote the performance, a dynamical self-reconfigurable mechanism for data-driven cell array is proposed. Cells can be fired only when the needed data arrives, and cell array can be worked on two modes: fixed execution and reconfiguration. On reconfiguration mode, cell function and data flow direction are changed automatically at run time according to contexts. Simultaneously using an H-tree interconnection network, through pre-storing multiple application mapping contexts in reconfiguration buffer, multiple applications can execute concurrently and context switching time is the minimal. For verifying system performance, some algorithms are selected for mapping onto the proposed structure, and the amount of configuration contexts and execution time are recorded for statistical analysis. The results show that the proposed self-reconfigurable mechanism can reduce the number of contexts efficiently, and has a low computing time.展开更多
Poly(butylene adipate-terephthalate)(PBAT),as one of the most common and promising biodegradable plastics,has been widely used in agriculture,packaging,and other industries due to its strong biodegradability propertie...Poly(butylene adipate-terephthalate)(PBAT),as one of the most common and promising biodegradable plastics,has been widely used in agriculture,packaging,and other industries due to its strong biodegradability properties.It is well known that PBAT suffers a series of natural weathering,mechanical wear,hydrolysis,photochemical transformation,and other abiotic degradation processes before being biodegraded.Therefore,it is particularly important to understand the role of abiotic degradation in the life cycle of PBAT.Since the abiotic degradation of PBAT has not been systematically summarized,this review aims to summarize the mechanisms and main factors of the three major abiotic degradation pathways(hydrolysis,photochemical transformation,and thermochemical degradation)of PBAT.It was found that all of them preferentially destroy the chemical bonds with higher energy(especially C-O and C=O)of PBAT,which eventually leads to the shortening of the polymer chain and then leads to reduction in molecular weight.The main factors affecting these abiotic degradations are closely related to the energy or PBAT structure.These findings provide important theoretical and practical guidance for identifying effective methods for PBAT waste management and proposing advanced schemes to regulate the degradation rate of PBAT.展开更多
Solvent extraction is the main method used to separate and purify rare earth elements.In the process of rare earths extraction,emulsification often generated due to the instability of the aqueous and organic phases or...Solvent extraction is the main method used to separate and purify rare earth elements.In the process of rare earths extraction,emulsification often generated due to the instability of the aqueous and organic phases or improper operating conditions.Once emulsification occurs,it would not only lead to low rare earths recovery efficiency,small product quantities,high production costs and the losing of extractant and rare earth resources,but also result in serious environmental pollution.Therefore,it is very important to study the micro-mechanisms of emulsification and establish new methods to prevent emulsification at the source.In this paper,possible factors resulting in emulsification,such as the compositions and properties of the organic and aqueous phases,the operating conditions of the rare earths extraction are reviewed.The micro-mechanisms of emulsification are summarized basing on the microscopic structures in the bulk phase,aggregations of the extractants at the organic-aqueous interface,spectral characterizations and computational simulations.On this basis,new formation mechanisms are proposed for emulsification.Preliminary explorations are employed to verify the correctness of these new viewpoints.Finally,future directions for studies of the emulsification micro-mechanism are proposed.This study provides a theoretical basis for further understanding the micro-mechanisms of interfacial instability resulting in emulsification in the process of rare earths extraction.展开更多
Refractory high/medium-entropy alloys(RH/MEAs)are known for their outstanding performance at el-evated temperatures;however,they usually exhibit poor room-temperature plasticity,which can be at-tributed to the non-uni...Refractory high/medium-entropy alloys(RH/MEAs)are known for their outstanding performance at el-evated temperatures;however,they usually exhibit poor room-temperature plasticity,which can be at-tributed to the non-uniform deformation that occurs at room temperature.Once cracks nucleate,they will rapidly propagate into vertical splitting cracks.Here,we introduce multiple phases including FCC and HCP phases into the NbMoTa RMEA via appropriate addition of carbon.The results show that multiple-phase synergy effectively suppresses non-uniform deformation,thereby delaying the onset of vertical splitting cracks.An optimal combination of compressive strength-plasticity is achieved by the(NbMoTa)_(92.5)C_(7.5) alloy.The significant improvement in room-temperature mechanical properties can be attributed to its hierarchical microstructure:in the mesoscale,the BCC matrix is divided by eutectic structures;while at the microscale,the BCC matrix is further refined by abundant lath-like FCC precipitates.The FCC precip-itates contain high-density stacking faults,acting as a dislocation source under compressive loading.The HCP phase in the eutectic microstructures,in turn,acts as a strong barrier to dislocation movement and simultaneously increases the dislocation storage capacity.These findings open a new route to tailor the microstructure and mechanical properties of RH/MEAs.展开更多
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program (2019YFA0708301)National Natural Science Foundation of China (51974337)+2 种基金the Strategic Cooperation Projects of CNPC and CUPB (ZLZX2020-03)Science and Technology Innovation Fund of CNPC (2021DQ02-0403)Open Fund of Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute of CNPC (2022-KFKT-09)
文摘We propose an integrated method of data-driven and mechanism models for well logging formation evaluation,explicitly focusing on predicting reservoir parameters,such as porosity and water saturation.Accurately interpreting these parameters is crucial for effectively exploring and developing oil and gas.However,with the increasing complexity of geological conditions in this industry,there is a growing demand for improved accuracy in reservoir parameter prediction,leading to higher costs associated with manual interpretation.The conventional logging interpretation methods rely on empirical relationships between logging data and reservoir parameters,which suffer from low interpretation efficiency,intense subjectivity,and suitability for ideal conditions.The application of artificial intelligence in the interpretation of logging data provides a new solution to the problems existing in traditional methods.It is expected to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the interpretation.If large and high-quality datasets exist,data-driven models can reveal relationships of arbitrary complexity.Nevertheless,constructing sufficiently large logging datasets with reliable labels remains challenging,making it difficult to apply data-driven models effectively in logging data interpretation.Furthermore,data-driven models often act as“black boxes”without explaining their predictions or ensuring compliance with primary physical constraints.This paper proposes a machine learning method with strong physical constraints by integrating mechanism and data-driven models.Prior knowledge of logging data interpretation is embedded into machine learning regarding network structure,loss function,and optimization algorithm.We employ the Physically Informed Auto-Encoder(PIAE)to predict porosity and water saturation,which can be trained without labeled reservoir parameters using self-supervised learning techniques.This approach effectively achieves automated interpretation and facilitates generalization across diverse datasets.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB4104500,2023YFB4104502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22138013)the Taishan Scholar Project(ts201712020).
文摘Against the backdrop of escalating global climate change and energy crises,the resource utilization of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),a major greenhouse gas,has become a crucial pathway for achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.The hydrogenation of CO_(2)to methanol not only enables carbon sequestration and recycling,but also provides a route to produce high value-added fuels and basic chemical feedstocks,holding significant environmental and economic potential.However,this conversion process is thermodynamically and kinetically limited,and traditional catalyst systems(e.g.,Cu/ZnO/Al_(2)O_(3))exhibit inadequate activity,selectivity,and stability under mild conditions.Therefore,the development of novel high-performance catalysts with precisely tunable structures and functionalities is imperative.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),as crystalline porous materials with high surface area,tunable pore structures,and diverse metal-ligand compositions,have the great potential in CO_(2)hydrogenation catalysis.Their structural design flexibility allows for the construction of well-dispersed active sites,tailored electronic environments,and enhanced metal-support interactions.This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in MOF-based and MOF-derived catalysts for CO_(2)hydrogenation to methanol,focusing on four design strategies:(1)spatial confinement and in situ construction,(2)defect engineering and ion-exchange,(3)bimetallic synergy and hybrid structure design,and(4)MOF-derived nanomaterial synthesis.These approaches significantly improve CO_(2)conversion and methanol selectivity by optimizing metal dispersion,interfacial structures,and reaction pathways.The reaction mechanism is further explored by focusing on the three main reaction pathways:the formate pathway(HCOO*),the RWGS(Reverse Water Gas Shift reaction)+CO*hydrogenation pathway,and the trans-COOH pathway.In situ spectroscopic studies and density functional theory(DFT)calculations elucidate the formation and transformation of key intermediates,as well as the roles of active sites,metal-support interfaces,oxygen vacancies,and promoters.Additionally,representative catalytic performance data for MOFbased systems are compiled and compared,demonstrating their advantages over traditional catalysts in terms of CO_(2)conversion,methanol selectivity,and space-time yield.Future perspectives for MOF-based CO_(2)hydrogenation catalysts will prioritize two main directions:structural design and mechanistic understanding.The precise construction of active sites through multi-metallic synergy,defect engineering,and interfacial electronic modulation should be made to enhance catalyst selectivity and stability.In addition,advanced in situ characterization techniques combined with theoretical modeling are essential to unravel the detailed reaction mechanisms and intermediate behaviors,thereby guiding rational catalyst design.Moreover,to enable industrial application,challenges related to thermal/hydrothermal stability,catalyst recyclability,and cost-effective large-scale synthesis must be addressed.The development of green,scalable preparation methods and the integration of MOF catalysts into practical reaction systems(e.g.,flow reactors)will be crucial for bridging the gap between laboratory research and commercial deployment.Ultimately,multi-scale structure-performance optimization and catalytic system integration will be vital for accelerating the industrialization of MOF-based CO_(2)-to-methanol technologies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.32271389,31900987(both to PY)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,No.BK20230608(to JJ)。
文摘Regulatory T cells,a subset of CD4^(+)T cells,play a critical role in maintaining immune tolerance and tissue homeostasis due to their potent immunosuppressive properties.Recent advances in research have highlighted the important therapeutic potential of Tregs in neurological diseases and tissue repair,emphasizing their multifaceted roles in immune regulation.This review aims to summarize and analyze the mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of Tregs in relation to neurological diseases and neural regeneration.Beyond their classical immune-regulatory functions,emerging evidence points to non-immune mechanisms of regulatory T cells,particularly their interactions with stem cells and other non-immune cells.These interactions contribute to optimizing the repair microenvironment and promoting tissue repair and nerve regeneration,positioning non-immune pathways as a promising direction for future research.By modulating immune and non-immune cells,including neurons and glia within neural tissues,Tregs have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in enhancing regeneration in the central and peripheral nervous systems.Preclinical studies have revealed that Treg cells interact with neurons,glial cells,and other neural components to mitigate inflammatory damage and support functional recovery.Current mechanistic studies show that Tregs can significantly promote neural repair and functional recovery by regulating inflammatory responses and the local immune microenvironment.However,research on the mechanistic roles of regulatory T cells in other diseases remains limited,highlighting substantial gaps and opportunities for exploration in this field.Laboratory and clinical studies have further advanced the application of regulatory T cells.Technical advances have enabled efficient isolation,ex vivo expansion and functionalization,and adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells,with efficacy validated in animal models.Innovative strategies,including gene editing,cell-free technologies,biomaterial-based recruitment,and in situ delivery have expanded the therapeutic potential of regulatory T cells.Gene editing enables precise functional optimization,while biomaterial and in situ delivery technologies enhance their accumulation and efficacy at target sites.These advancements not only improve the immune-regulatory capacity of regulatory T cells but also significantly enhance their role in tissue repair.By leveraging the pivotal and diverse functions of Tregs in immune modulation and tissue repair,regulatory T cells–based therapies may lead to transformative breakthroughs in the treatment of neurological diseases.
文摘As a crucial aspect of international governance,international standardization requires legitimacy grounded in the principles and frameworks established by international law.Building upon an understanding of the commonalities between international law and international standardization,this paper explores the mechanism through which international law centered on treaties empowers international standardization.
基金financial support by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC2907801)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2023JJ40760)the Scientific and Technological Project of Yunnan Precious Metals Laboratory,China(No.YPML-2023050276)。
文摘Bentonite is a necessary binder in producing pellets.Its excessive use reduces the iron grade of pellets and increases production costs.Minimizing bentonite dosage is essential for producing high-quality iron ore pellets.Addressing the gap in the application of organically-intercalated modified bentonite in the pelletizing field,this study introduces an innovative modification process for bentonite that employs the synergistic effect of mechanical force and dimethyl sulfoxide to enhance the intercalation of organic compounds within bentonite,thus significantly enhancing its binding performance.The colloid value and swell capacity of modified bentonite(98.5 m L/3g and 55.0 m L/g)were much higher than the original bentonite(90.5 m L/3g and 17.5 m L/g).With the decrease of bentonite dosage from1.5wt%to 1.0wt%,the drop number of green pellets from a height of 0.5 m and the compressive strengths of roasted pellets using the modified bentonite(6.0 times and 2916 N per pellet)were significantly higher than those of the original bentonite(4.0 times and 2739 N per pellet).This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the intercalation modification mechanism of bentonite,offering crucial technical insights for the development of high-performance modified bentonite as iron ore pellet binders.
基金supported by the Innovative Team Project of Ordinary Universities in Guangdong Province(No.2022KCXTD016).
文摘Chemotherapy-induced diarrhea(CID)is a major concern for cancer patients and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.Currently,the clinical management of CID is limited.The utilization of antidiarrheal medications,such as loperamide and octreotide,is relatively limited because of their unsatisfactory efficacy and adverse effects.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has attracted great interest because of its beneficial effect in treating CID,which has multitarget and low-toxicity therapeutic characteristics.TCM exhibits remarkable therapeutic potential in the prevention and treatment of CID.It can alleviate and treat CID by regulating chemical drug metabolism,improving the integrity of the intestinal barrier,stimulating proliferation while suppressing the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells,ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammation and regulating bile acids and aquaporins.However,large-scale,randomized,double-blind clinical trials of TCM for the treatment of CID are lacking,and most preclinical experiments have not been translated to clinical trials.Accordingly,this review highlights the clinical efficacy and molecular mechanisms of TCM against CID via PubMed,Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure and proposes that future research on TCM against CID should focus on strengthening the connection from bench to bed,which may help to comprehensively evaluate the therapeutic potential of TCM against CID.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Provincial Department of Education(D20232101)Shandong Second Medical University 2024 Affiliated Hospital(Teaching Hospital)Scientific Research Development Fund Project(2024FYQ026)+3 种基金the innovative Research Programme of Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital(XYY2023ZY01)Faculty Development Grants of Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine(XYY2023D05)Joint supported by Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation and Xiangyang of China(2025AFD091)Traditional Chinese Medicine Scientific Research Project of Hubei Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZY2025D019).
文摘Background:Diabetic foot,a severe complication of diabetes,is characterized by chronic refractory wounds.Sanhuang Oil,a topical herbal formula,demonstrates significant therapeutic effects including antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,and immunomodulatory activities.However,its active constituents and mechanisms of action against diabetic foot remain to be elucidated.Methods:In this study,the chemical constituents of Sanhuang Oil were identified using UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS.Subsequently,the mechanism by which Sanhuang Oil promotes diabetic foot ulcer healing was predicted by integrating network pharmacology and molecular docking.Additionally,diabetic mouse model was established in ICR mice using a combination of a high-fat diet(HFD)and streptozotocin(STZ)chemical induction.A full-thickness skin defect was created on the dorsum of the mice.Wound healing and the healing rate were observed following Sanhuang Oil intervention.The mechanism underlying Sanhuang Oil’s promotion of diabetic ulcer healing was further investigated using transcriptomics and histopathological examination(H&E staining).Results:A total of 97 active ingredients were identified from Sanhuang Oil.Network pharmacology analysis predicted 543 common targets,and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis identified 203 relevant pathways.Molecular docking further confirmed high binding affinity(binding energy≤−5.0 kcal/mol)between specific active components in Sanhuang Oil(e.g.,coptisine,phellodendrine,baicalein)and key targets associated with diabetic foot ulcers(e.g.,EGFR,AKT1,STAT3).In vivo experimental results demonstrated that the wound healing rate was significantly higher in Sanhuang Oil-treated groups compared to the model group(P<0.001).HE staining revealed that the high-dose Sanhuang Oil group exhibited more pronounced epithelial tissue coverage over the wound,reduced inflammatory cell infiltration,and increased collagen deposition and fibroblast proliferation.transcriptomic analysis identified Pdk4,Ttn,Csrp3,Actn2,Myoz2,Tnnc2,Myod1,Myog,Myot,and Myf6 as key regulatory proteins involved in promoting wound healing.Conclusion:Sanhuang Oil promotes wound healing in diabetic ulcer mice,potentially by mitigating inflammation and regulating key targets such as Pdk4 to enhance fibroblast function.These findings provide novel insights into the multi-target,multi-pathway mechanism of Sanhuang Oil for treating diabetic foot ulcers.
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12305372 and 22376217)the National Key Research&Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1603802 and 2022YFB3504100)+1 种基金the projects of the key laboratory of advanced energy materials chemistry,ministry of education(Nankai University)key laboratory of Jiangxi Province for persistent pollutants prevention control and resource reuse(2023SSY02061)are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Using photoelectrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)to produce valuable fuels is a fascinating way to alleviate environmental issues and energy crises.Bismuth-based(Bi-based)catalysts have attracted widespread attention for CO_(2)RR due to their high catalytic activity,selectivity,excellent stability,and low cost.However,they still need to be further improved to meet the needs of industrial applications.This review article comprehensively summarizes the recent advances in regulation strategies of Bi-based catalysts and can be divided into six categories:(1)defect engineering,(2)atomic doping engineering,(3)organic framework engineering,(4)inorganic heterojunction engineering,(5)crystal face engineering,and(6)alloying and polarization engineering.Meanwhile,the corresponding catalytic mechanisms of each regulation strategy will also be discussed in detail,aiming to enable researchers to understand the structure-property relationship of the improved Bibased catalysts fundamentally.Finally,the challenges and future opportunities of the Bi-based catalysts in the photoelectrocatalytic CO_(2)RR application field will also be featured from the perspectives of the(1)combination or synergy of multiple regulatory strategies,(2)revealing formation mechanism and realizing controllable synthesis,and(3)in situ multiscale investigation of activation pathways and uncovering the catalytic mechanisms.On the one hand,through the comparative analysis and mechanism explanation of the six major regulatory strategies,a multidimensional knowledge framework of the structure-activity relationship of Bi-based catalysts can be constructed for researchers,which not only deepens the atomic-level understanding of catalytic active sites,charge transport paths,and the adsorption behavior of intermediate products,but also provides theoretical guiding principles for the controllable design of new catalysts;on the other hand,the promising collaborative regulation strategies,controllable synthetic paths,and the in situ multiscale characterization techniques presented in this work provides a paradigm reference for shortening the research and development cycle of high-performance catalysts,conducive to facilitating the transition of photoelectrocatalytic CO_(2)RR technology from the laboratory routes to industrial application.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82374200Construction of Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance and Innovation Development Demonstration Pilot Projects in Pudong New Area-High-Level Research-Oriented Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Construction,No.YC-2023-0901.
文摘Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized byclinical symptoms of diarrhea and mucopurulent bloody stools, and its incidenceis increasing globally. The etiology and pathogenesis of UC remain elusive. Currenttherapeutic approaches, including anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressiveand immunomodulating agents, are often limited in efficacy and frequently associatedwith adverse drug reactions. Therefore, there is an urgent need to developsafer and more effective treatment strategies to address the limitations of existingtherapies. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (HQ), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb,has been employed in the treatment of UC for over 2000 years. Recent studieshave demonstrated that HQ contains multiple active components capable oftreating UC through anti-inflammation, immune modulation, intestinal barrierprotection, antioxidant activity, and regulation of the gut microbiota. This paperreviews recent studies on the mechanism of action and clinical trials of HQ intreating UC based on relevant literature, with the aim of providing valuable insightsinto future treatment approaches.
文摘Tau plays a crucial role in several neurodegenerative diseases,collectively referred to as tauopathies.Therefore,targeting potential pathological changes in tau could enable useful therapeutic interventions.However,tau is not an easy target because it dynamically interacts with microtubules and other cellular components,which presents a challenge for tau-targeted drugs.New cellular models could aid the development of mechanism-based tau-targeted therapies.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(No.2023QN04011)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42307092 and 52279067)+1 种基金Ordos Science and Technology Major Project(No.ZD20232303)Project of Key Laboratory of River and Lake in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(No.2022QZBZ0003).
文摘Lacustrine groundwater discharge(LGD)plays an important role in water resources management.Previous studies have focused on LGD process in a single lake,but the differences in LGD process within the same region have not been thoroughly investigated.In this study,multiple tracers(hydrochemistry,𝛿D,𝛿18O and 222Rn)were used to compare mechanisms of LGD in Daihai and Ulansuhai Lake in Inner Mongoli1,Northwest China.The hydrochemical types showed a trend from groundwater to lake water,indicating a hydraulic connection between them.In addition,the𝛿D and𝛿18O values of sediment pore water were between the groundwater and lake water,indicating the LGD processes.The radon mass balance model was used to estimate the average groundwater discharge rates of Daihai and Ulansuhai Lake,which were 2.79 mm/day and 3.02 mm/day,respectively.The total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),and fluoride inputs associated with LGD in Daihai Lake accounted for 97.52%,96.59%,and 95.84%of the total inputs,respectively.In contrast,TN,TP and fluoride inputs in Ulansuhai Lake were 53.56%,40.98%,and 36.25%,respectively.This indicates that the pollutant inputs associated with LGD posed a potential threat to the ecological stability of Daihai and Ulansuhai Lake.By comparison,the differences of LGD process and associated pollutant flux were controlled by hydrogeological conditions,lakebed permeability and human activities.This study provides a reference for water resources management in Daihai and Ulansuhai Lake basins while improving the understanding of LGD in the Yellow River basin.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12325406,92261201,12404305,and W2512072)the Shaanxi Province Natural Science Fundamental Research Project (Grant Nos.2023JC-XJ-03 and23JSQ013)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant Nos.BX20240286 and 2024M7625)。
文摘Abiotic oxygen formation predates photosynthesis,sustaining early chemical evolution,yet its elementary mechanisms remain contested.Here,we show the production pathways for molecular oxygen from doubly ionized carbon dioxide upon electron-impact.Through fragment ions and electron coincidence momentum imaging,we unambiguously determine the ionization mechanism by measuring the projectile energy loss in association with the C^(+) +O_(2)^(+) channel.Further potential energy and trajectory calculations enable us to elucidate the dynamical details of this fragmentation process,in which a bond rearrangement pathway is found to proceed via the structural deformation to a triangular intermediate.Moreover,we demonstrate a further roaming pathway for the formation of O_(2)^(+) from CO_(2)^(+) 2,in which a frustrated C-O bond cleavage leaves the O atom without sufficient energy to escape.The O atom then wanders around varied configuration spaces of the flat potential energy regions and forms a C-O-O_(2)^(+) intermediate prior to the final products C^(+) +O_(2)^(+).Considering the large quantities of free electrons in interstellar space,the processes revealed here are expected to be significant and should be incorporated into atmospheric evolution models.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2018YFA0707300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52374376)the Introduction Plan for High end Foreign Experts, China (No. G2023105001L)。
文摘Titanium plates with a Ti−O solid solution surface-hardened layer were cold roll-bonded with 304 stainless steel plates with high work hardening rates.The evolution and mechanisms affecting the interfacial bonding strength in titanium/stainless steel laminated composites were investigated.Results indicate that the hardened layer reduces the interfacial bonding strength from over 261 MPa to less than 204 MPa.During the cold roll-bonding process,the hardened layer fractures,leading to the formation of multi-scale cracks that are difficult for the stainless steel to fill.This not only hinders the development of an interlocking interface but also leads to the presence of numerous microcracks and hardened blocks along the nearly straight interface,consequently weakening the interfacial bonding strength.In metals with high work hardening rates,the conventional approach of enhancing interface interlocking and improving interfacial bonding strength by using a surface-hardened layer becomes less effective.
基金supported by Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory Open Innovation Fund Project(SC231002)CFD Simulation to Explore the Mass and Heat Transfer Laws of Thermal Decomposition of Mixed Salt Organic Compounds Project(2021YFC 3201404).
文摘Low-temperature hydrogenation of silicon tetrachloride(STC)is an essential step in polysilicon production.The addition of CuCl to silicon powder is currently a commonly used catalytic method and the silicon powder acts as both a reactant and a catalyst.However,the reaction mechanism and the structure-activity relationship of this process have not been fully elucidated.In this work,a comprehensive study of the reaction mechanism in the presence of Si and Cu_(3)Si was carried out using density functional theory(DFT)combined with experiments,respectively.The results indicated that the ratedetermining step(RDS)in the presence of Si is the phase transition of Si atom,meanwhile,the RDS in the presence of Cu_(3)Si is the TCS-generation process.The activation barrier of the latter is smaller,highlighting that the interaction of Si with the bulk phase is the pivotal factor influencing the catalytic activity.The feasibility of transition metal doping to facilitate this step was further investigated.The Si disengage energy(E_(d))was used as a quantitative parameter to assess the catalytic activity of the catalysts,and the optimal descriptor was determined through interpretable machine learning.It was demonstrated that d-band center and electron transfer play a crucial role in regulating the level of Ed.This work reveals the mechanism and structure-activity relationship for the low-temperature hydrogenation reaction of STC,and provides a basis for the rational design of catalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62273234)Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(Program No.2022GY-306)Technology Innovation Leading Program of Shaanxi(Program No.2022QFY01-16).
文摘Accurate prediction of strip width is a key factor related to the quality of hot rolling manufacture.Firstly,based on strip width formation mechanism model within strip rolling process,an improved width mechanism calculation model is delineated for the optimization of process parameters via the particle swarm optimization algorithm.Subsequently,a hybrid strip width prediction model is proposed by effectively combining the respective advantages of the improved mechanism model and the data-driven model.In acknowledgment of prerequisite for positive error in strip width prediction,an adaptive width error compensation algorithm is proposed.Finally,comparative simulation experiments are designed on the actual rolling dataset after completing data cleaning and feature engineering.The experimental results show that the hybrid prediction model proposed has superior precision and robustness compared with the improved mechanism model and the other eight common data-driven models and satisfies the needs of practical applications.Moreover,the hybrid model can realize the complementary advantages of the mechanism model and the data-driven model,effectively alleviating the problems of difficult to improve the accuracy of the mechanism model and poor interpretability of the data-driven model,which bears significant practical implications for the research of strip width control.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,No.2021J02035(to WX).
文摘Regulated cell death is a form of cell death that is actively controlled by biomolecules.Several studies have shown that regulated cell death plays a key role after spinal cord injury.Pyroptosis and ferroptosis are newly discovered types of regulated cell deaths that have been shown to exacerbate inflammation and lead to cell death in damaged spinal cords.Autophagy,a complex form of cell death that is interconnected with various regulated cell death mechanisms,has garnered significant attention in the study of spinal cord injury.This injury triggers not only cell death but also cellular survival responses.Multiple signaling pathways play pivotal roles in influencing the processes of both deterioration and repair in spinal cord injury by regulating pyroptosis,ferroptosis,and autophagy.Therefore,this review aims to comprehensively examine the mechanisms underlying regulated cell deaths,the signaling pathways that modulate these mechanisms,and the potential therapeutic targets for spinal cord injury.Our analysis suggests that targeting the common regulatory signaling pathways of different regulated cell deaths could be a promising strategy to promote cell survival and enhance the repair of spinal cord injury.Moreover,a holistic approach that incorporates multiple regulated cell deaths and their regulatory pathways presents a promising multi-target therapeutic strategy for the management of spinal cord injury.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61802304, 61834005, 61772417, 61634004, and 61602377)the Shaanxi Provincial Co-ordination Innovation Project of Science and Technology (No. 2016KTZDGY02-04-02)。
文摘The utilization of computation resources and reconfiguration time has a large impact on reconfiguration system performance. In order to promote the performance, a dynamical self-reconfigurable mechanism for data-driven cell array is proposed. Cells can be fired only when the needed data arrives, and cell array can be worked on two modes: fixed execution and reconfiguration. On reconfiguration mode, cell function and data flow direction are changed automatically at run time according to contexts. Simultaneously using an H-tree interconnection network, through pre-storing multiple application mapping contexts in reconfiguration buffer, multiple applications can execute concurrently and context switching time is the minimal. For verifying system performance, some algorithms are selected for mapping onto the proposed structure, and the amount of configuration contexts and execution time are recorded for statistical analysis. The results show that the proposed self-reconfigurable mechanism can reduce the number of contexts efficiently, and has a low computing time.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC3901800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22176041)Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning Project(No.2023A04J0918)。
文摘Poly(butylene adipate-terephthalate)(PBAT),as one of the most common and promising biodegradable plastics,has been widely used in agriculture,packaging,and other industries due to its strong biodegradability properties.It is well known that PBAT suffers a series of natural weathering,mechanical wear,hydrolysis,photochemical transformation,and other abiotic degradation processes before being biodegraded.Therefore,it is particularly important to understand the role of abiotic degradation in the life cycle of PBAT.Since the abiotic degradation of PBAT has not been systematically summarized,this review aims to summarize the mechanisms and main factors of the three major abiotic degradation pathways(hydrolysis,photochemical transformation,and thermochemical degradation)of PBAT.It was found that all of them preferentially destroy the chemical bonds with higher energy(especially C-O and C=O)of PBAT,which eventually leads to the shortening of the polymer chain and then leads to reduction in molecular weight.The main factors affecting these abiotic degradations are closely related to the energy or PBAT structure.These findings provide important theoretical and practical guidance for identifying effective methods for PBAT waste management and proposing advanced schemes to regulate the degradation rate of PBAT.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52074031)the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(ZR2021MB051,ZR2020ME256)the Open Project of Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education(GCP202117)。
文摘Solvent extraction is the main method used to separate and purify rare earth elements.In the process of rare earths extraction,emulsification often generated due to the instability of the aqueous and organic phases or improper operating conditions.Once emulsification occurs,it would not only lead to low rare earths recovery efficiency,small product quantities,high production costs and the losing of extractant and rare earth resources,but also result in serious environmental pollution.Therefore,it is very important to study the micro-mechanisms of emulsification and establish new methods to prevent emulsification at the source.In this paper,possible factors resulting in emulsification,such as the compositions and properties of the organic and aqueous phases,the operating conditions of the rare earths extraction are reviewed.The micro-mechanisms of emulsification are summarized basing on the microscopic structures in the bulk phase,aggregations of the extractants at the organic-aqueous interface,spectral characterizations and computational simulations.On this basis,new formation mechanisms are proposed for emulsification.Preliminary explorations are employed to verify the correctness of these new viewpoints.Finally,future directions for studies of the emulsification micro-mechanism are proposed.This study provides a theoretical basis for further understanding the micro-mechanisms of interfacial instability resulting in emulsification in the process of rare earths extraction.
基金financial support from the Na-tional Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52231006)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFB0702003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51871217).
文摘Refractory high/medium-entropy alloys(RH/MEAs)are known for their outstanding performance at el-evated temperatures;however,they usually exhibit poor room-temperature plasticity,which can be at-tributed to the non-uniform deformation that occurs at room temperature.Once cracks nucleate,they will rapidly propagate into vertical splitting cracks.Here,we introduce multiple phases including FCC and HCP phases into the NbMoTa RMEA via appropriate addition of carbon.The results show that multiple-phase synergy effectively suppresses non-uniform deformation,thereby delaying the onset of vertical splitting cracks.An optimal combination of compressive strength-plasticity is achieved by the(NbMoTa)_(92.5)C_(7.5) alloy.The significant improvement in room-temperature mechanical properties can be attributed to its hierarchical microstructure:in the mesoscale,the BCC matrix is divided by eutectic structures;while at the microscale,the BCC matrix is further refined by abundant lath-like FCC precipitates.The FCC precip-itates contain high-density stacking faults,acting as a dislocation source under compressive loading.The HCP phase in the eutectic microstructures,in turn,acts as a strong barrier to dislocation movement and simultaneously increases the dislocation storage capacity.These findings open a new route to tailor the microstructure and mechanical properties of RH/MEAs.
