To increase the performance of bulk data transfer mission with ultra-long TCP （ transmission control protocol） connection in high-energy physics experiments, a series of experiments were conducted to explore the way...To increase the performance of bulk data transfer mission with ultra-long TCP （ transmission control protocol） connection in high-energy physics experiments, a series of experiments were conducted to explore the way to enhance the transmission efficiency. This paper introduces the overall structure of RC@ SEU （ regional center @ Southeast University） in AMS （alpha magnetic spectrometer）-02 ground data transfer system as well as the experiments conducted in CERNET （China Education and Research Network）/CERNET2 and global academic Internet. The effects of the number of parallel streams and TCP buffer size are tested. The test confirms that in the current circumstance of CERNET, to find the fight number of parallel TCP connections is the main method to improve the throughput. TCP buffer size tuning has little effect now, but may have good effects when the available bandwidth becomes higher.展开更多
Considering the increasing use of information technology with established standards, such as TCP/IP and XML in modem industrial automation, we present a high cost performance solution with FPGA （field programmable ga...Considering the increasing use of information technology with established standards, such as TCP/IP and XML in modem industrial automation, we present a high cost performance solution with FPGA （field programmable gate array） implementation of a novel reliable real-time data transfer system based on EPA （Ethemet for plant automation） protocol and IEEE 1588 standard. This combination can provide more predictable and real-time communication between automation equipments and precise synchronization between devices. The designed EPA system has been verified on Xilinx Spartan3 XC3S1500 and it consumed 75% of the total slices. The experimental results show that the novel industrial control system achieves high synchronization precision and provides a 1.59-ps standard deviation between the master device and the slave ones. Such a real-time data transfer system is an excellent candidate for automation equipments which require precise synchronization based on Ethemet at a comparatively low price.展开更多
Efficient real time data exchange over the Internet plays a crucial role in the successful application of web-based systems. In this paper, a data transfer mechanism over the Internet is proposed for real time web bas...Efficient real time data exchange over the Internet plays a crucial role in the successful application of web-based systems. In this paper, a data transfer mechanism over the Internet is proposed for real time web based applications. The mechanism incorporates the eXtensible Markup Language （XML） and Hierarchical Data Format （HDF） to provide a flexible and efficient data format. Heterogeneous transfer data is classified into light and heavy data, which are stored using XML and HDF respectively; the HDF data format is then mapped to Java Document Object Model （JDOM） objects in XML in the Java environment. These JDOM data objects are sent across computer networks with the support of the Java Remote Method Invocation （RMI） data transfer infrastructure. Client＇s defined data priority levels are implemented in RMI, which guides a server to transfer data objects at different priorities. A remote monitoring system for an industrial reactor process simulator is used as a case study to illustrate the proposed data transfer mechanism.展开更多
Background: Omission of patient information in perioperative communication is closely linked to adverse events. Use of checklists to standardize the handoff in the post anesthesia care unit (PACU) has been shown to ef...Background: Omission of patient information in perioperative communication is closely linked to adverse events. Use of checklists to standardize the handoff in the post anesthesia care unit (PACU) has been shown to effectively reduce medical errors. Objective: Our study investigates the use of a checklist to improve quantity of data transfer during handoffs in the PACU. Design: A cross-sectional observational study. Setting: PACU at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC);June 13, 2016 through July 15, 2016. Patients, other participants: We observed the handoff reports between the nurses, PACU midlevel providers, anesthesia staff, and surgical staff. Intervention: A physical checklist was provided to all anesthesia staff and recommended to adhere to the list at all observed PACU handoffs. Main outcome measure: Quantity of reported handoff items during 60 pre- and 60 post-implementation of a checklist. Results: Composite value from both surgical and anesthesia reports showed an increase in the mean report of 8.7 items from pre-implementation period to 10.9 post-implementation. Given that surgical staff reported the mean of 5.9 items pre-implementation and 5.5 items post-implementation without intervention, improvements in anesthesia staff report with intervention improved the overall handoff data transfer. Conclusions: Using a physical 12-item checklist for PACU handoff increased overall data transfer.展开更多
The dataflow architecture,which is characterized by a lack of a redundant unified control logic,has been shown to have an advantage over the control-flow architecture as it improves the computational performance and p...The dataflow architecture,which is characterized by a lack of a redundant unified control logic,has been shown to have an advantage over the control-flow architecture as it improves the computational performance and power efficiency,especially of applications used in high-performance computing(HPC).Importantly,the high computational efficiency of systems using the dataflow architecture is achieved by allowing program kernels to be activated in a simultaneous manner.Therefore,a proper acknowledgment mechanism is required to distinguish the data that logically belongs to different contexts.Possible solutions include the tagged-token matching mechanism in which the data is sent before acknowledgments are received but retried after rejection,or a handshake mechanism in which the data is only sent after acknowledgments are received.However,these mechanisms are characterized by both inefficient data transfer and increased area cost.Good performance of the dataflow architecture depends on the efficiency of data transfer.In order to optimize the efficiency of data transfer in existing dataflow architectures with a minimal increase in area and power cost,we propose a Look-Ahead Acknowledgment(LAA)mechanism.LAA accelerates the execution flow by speculatively acknowledging ahead without penalties.Our simulation analysis based on a handshake mechanism shows that our LAA increases the average utilization of computational units by 23.9%,with a reduction in the average execution time by 17.4%and an increase in the average power efficiency of dataflow processors by 22.4%.Crucially,our novel approach results in a relatively small increase in the area and power consumption of the on-chip logic of less than 0.9%.In conclusion,the evaluation results suggest that Look-Ahead Acknowledgment is an effective improvement for data transfer in existing dataflow architectures.展开更多
Integrated data and energy transfer(IDET)enables the electromagnetic waves to transmit wireless energy at the same time of data delivery for lowpower devices.In this paper,an energy harvesting modulation(EHM)assisted ...Integrated data and energy transfer(IDET)enables the electromagnetic waves to transmit wireless energy at the same time of data delivery for lowpower devices.In this paper,an energy harvesting modulation(EHM)assisted multi-user IDET system is studied,where all the received signals at the users are exploited for energy harvesting without the degradation of wireless data transfer(WDT)performance.The joint IDET performance is then analysed theoretically by conceiving a practical time-dependent wireless channel.With the aid of the AO based algorithm,the average effective data rate among users are maximized by ensuring the BER and the wireless energy transfer(WET)performance.Simulation results validate and evaluate the IDET performance of the EHM assisted system,which also demonstrates that the optimal number of user clusters and IDET time slots should be allocated,in order to improve the WET and WDT performance.展开更多
In mobile computing environments, most IoT devices connected to networks experience variable error rates and possess limited bandwidth. The conventional method of retransmitting lost information during transmission, c...In mobile computing environments, most IoT devices connected to networks experience variable error rates and possess limited bandwidth. The conventional method of retransmitting lost information during transmission, commonly used in data transmission protocols, increases transmission delay and consumes excessive bandwidth. To overcome this issue, forward error correction techniques, e.g., Random Linear Network Coding(RLNC) can be used in data transmission. The primary challenge in RLNC-based methodologies is sustaining a consistent coding ratio during data transmission, leading to notable bandwidth usage and transmission delay in dynamic network conditions. Therefore, this study proposes a new block-based RLNC strategy known as Adjustable RLNC(ARLNC), which dynamically adjusts the coding ratio and transmission window during runtime based on the estimated network error rate calculated via receiver feedback. The calculations in this approach are performed using a Galois field with the order of 256. Furthermore, we assessed ARLNC's performance by subjecting it to various error models such as Gilbert Elliott, exponential, and constant rates and compared it with the standard RLNC. The results show that dynamically adjusting the coding ratio and transmission window size based on network conditions significantly enhances network throughput and reduces total transmission delay in most scenarios. In contrast to the conventional RLNC method employing a fixed coding ratio, the presented approach has demonstrated significant enhancements, resulting in a 73% decrease in transmission delay and a 4 times augmentation in throughput. However, in dynamic computational environments, ARLNC generally incurs higher computational costs than the standard RLNC but excels in high-performance networks.展开更多
Although the existing legal norms and judicial practic-es can provide basic guidance for the right to personal data portabili-ty, it can be concluded that there are obstacles to the realization of this right through e...Although the existing legal norms and judicial practic-es can provide basic guidance for the right to personal data portabili-ty, it can be concluded that there are obstacles to the realization of this right through empirical research of the privacy policies of 66 mobile apps, such as whether they have stipulations on the right to personal data portability, whether they are able to derive copies of personal in-formation automatically, whether there are textual examples, whether ID verification is required, whether the copied documents are encrypt-ed, and whether the scope of personal information involved is consis-tent. This gap in practice, on the one hand, reflects the misunderstand-ing of the right to personal data portability, and on the other hand, is a result of the negative externalities, practical costs and technical lim-itations of the right to personal data portability. Based on rethinking the right to data portability, we can somehow solve practical problems concerning the right to personal data portability through multiple measures such as promoting the fulfillment of this right by legislation, optimizing technology-oriented operations, refining response process mechanisms, and enhancing system interoperability.展开更多
A decision model of knowledge transfer is presented on the basis of the characteristics of knowledge transfer in a big data environment.This model can determine the weight of knowledge transferred from another enterpr...A decision model of knowledge transfer is presented on the basis of the characteristics of knowledge transfer in a big data environment.This model can determine the weight of knowledge transferred from another enterprise or from a big data provider.Numerous simulation experiments are implemented to test the efficiency of the optimization model.Simulation experiment results show that when increasing the weight of knowledge from big data knowledge provider,the total discount expectation of profits will increase,and the transfer cost will be reduced.The calculated results are in accordance with the actual economic situation.The optimization model can provide useful decision support for enterprises in a big data environment.展开更多
Integrated data and energy transfer(IDET)is capable of simultaneously delivering on-demand data and energy to low-power Internet of Everything(Io E)devices.We propose a multi-carrier IDET transceiver relying on superp...Integrated data and energy transfer(IDET)is capable of simultaneously delivering on-demand data and energy to low-power Internet of Everything(Io E)devices.We propose a multi-carrier IDET transceiver relying on superposition waveforms consisting of multi-sinusoidal signals for wireless energy transfer(WET)and orthogonal-frequency-divisionmultiplexing(OFDM)signals for wireless data transfer(WDT).The outdated channel state information(CSI)in aging channels is employed by the transmitter to shape IDET waveforms.With the constraints of transmission power and WDT requirement,the amplitudes and phases of the IDET waveform at the transmitter and the power splitter at the receiver are jointly optimised for maximising the average directcurrent(DC)among a limited number of transmission frames with the existence of carrier-frequencyoffset(CFO).For the amplitude optimisation,the original non-convex problem can be transformed into a reversed geometric programming problem,then it can be effectively solved with existing tools.As for the phase optimisation,the artificial bee colony(ABC)algorithm is invoked in order to deal with the nonconvexity.Iteration between the amplitude optimisation and phase optimisation yields our joint design.Numerical results demonstrate the advantage of our joint design for the IDET waveform shaping with the existence of the CFO and the outdated CSI.展开更多
In computational physics proton transfer phenomena could be viewed as pattern classification problems based on a set of input features allowing classification of the proton motion into two categories： transfer ＇occu...In computational physics proton transfer phenomena could be viewed as pattern classification problems based on a set of input features allowing classification of the proton motion into two categories： transfer ＇occurred＇ and transfer ＇not occurred＇. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the use of artificial neural networks in the classification of proton transfer events, based on the feed-forward back propagation neural network, used as a classifier to distinguish between the two transfer cases. In this paper, we use a new developed data mining and pattern recognition tool for automating, controlling, and drawing charts of the output data of an Empirical Valence Bond existing code. The study analyzes the need for pattern recognition in aqueous proton transfer processes and how the learning approach in error back propagation （multilayer perceptron algorithms） could be satisfactorily employed in the present case. We present a tool for pattern recognition and validate the code including a real physical case study. The results of applying the artificial neural networks methodology to crowd patterns based upon selected physical properties （e.g., temperature, density） show the abilities of the network to learn proton transfer patterns corresponding to properties of the aqueous environments, which is in turn proved to be fully compatible with previous proton transfer studies.展开更多
针对大多数加密流量分类(encrypted traffic classification,ETC)模型由于标签数据稀缺而导致的性能下降问题,提出了一个基于对比学习的半监督加密流量分类(semisupervised encrypted traffic classification based on contrastive lear...针对大多数加密流量分类(encrypted traffic classification,ETC)模型由于标签数据稀缺而导致的性能下降问题,提出了一个基于对比学习的半监督加密流量分类(semisupervised encrypted traffic classification based on contrastive learning,SSETC-CL)模型。通过比较样本之间的相似性和差异性,SSETC-CL模型能够从大量无标注数据中学习到有用的表示,从而获得一个通用且优秀的特征编码网络,降低了下游任务对标签数据的依赖。本文在公有数据集ISCXVPN2016以及两个自采数据集上对SSETC-CL模型进行了评估。与其他基准模型相比,SSETC-CL模型在设定任务上的表现最佳,准确率最大提升了8.92%。实验结果表明,SSETC-CL模型不仅在预训练模型已知的流量上具有较高的精度,而且具备将预训练模型所获得的知识应用于未知流量的迁移能力。展开更多
基金The National Basic Research Program of China (973Program) (No.2003CB314803).
文摘To increase the performance of bulk data transfer mission with ultra-long TCP （ transmission control protocol） connection in high-energy physics experiments, a series of experiments were conducted to explore the way to enhance the transmission efficiency. This paper introduces the overall structure of RC@ SEU （ regional center @ Southeast University） in AMS （alpha magnetic spectrometer）-02 ground data transfer system as well as the experiments conducted in CERNET （China Education and Research Network）/CERNET2 and global academic Internet. The effects of the number of parallel streams and TCP buffer size are tested. The test confirms that in the current circumstance of CERNET, to find the fight number of parallel TCP connections is the main method to improve the throughput. TCP buffer size tuning has little effect now, but may have good effects when the available bandwidth becomes higher.
文摘Considering the increasing use of information technology with established standards, such as TCP/IP and XML in modem industrial automation, we present a high cost performance solution with FPGA （field programmable gate array） implementation of a novel reliable real-time data transfer system based on EPA （Ethemet for plant automation） protocol and IEEE 1588 standard. This combination can provide more predictable and real-time communication between automation equipments and precise synchronization between devices. The designed EPA system has been verified on Xilinx Spartan3 XC3S1500 and it consumed 75% of the total slices. The experimental results show that the novel industrial control system achieves high synchronization precision and provides a 1.59-ps standard deviation between the master device and the slave ones. Such a real-time data transfer system is an excellent candidate for automation equipments which require precise synchronization based on Ethemet at a comparatively low price.
文摘Efficient real time data exchange over the Internet plays a crucial role in the successful application of web-based systems. In this paper, a data transfer mechanism over the Internet is proposed for real time web based applications. The mechanism incorporates the eXtensible Markup Language （XML） and Hierarchical Data Format （HDF） to provide a flexible and efficient data format. Heterogeneous transfer data is classified into light and heavy data, which are stored using XML and HDF respectively; the HDF data format is then mapped to Java Document Object Model （JDOM） objects in XML in the Java environment. These JDOM data objects are sent across computer networks with the support of the Java Remote Method Invocation （RMI） data transfer infrastructure. Client＇s defined data priority levels are implemented in RMI, which guides a server to transfer data objects at different priorities. A remote monitoring system for an industrial reactor process simulator is used as a case study to illustrate the proposed data transfer mechanism.
文摘Background: Omission of patient information in perioperative communication is closely linked to adverse events. Use of checklists to standardize the handoff in the post anesthesia care unit (PACU) has been shown to effectively reduce medical errors. Objective: Our study investigates the use of a checklist to improve quantity of data transfer during handoffs in the PACU. Design: A cross-sectional observational study. Setting: PACU at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC);June 13, 2016 through July 15, 2016. Patients, other participants: We observed the handoff reports between the nurses, PACU midlevel providers, anesthesia staff, and surgical staff. Intervention: A physical checklist was provided to all anesthesia staff and recommended to adhere to the list at all observed PACU handoffs. Main outcome measure: Quantity of reported handoff items during 60 pre- and 60 post-implementation of a checklist. Results: Composite value from both surgical and anesthesia reports showed an increase in the mean report of 8.7 items from pre-implementation period to 10.9 post-implementation. Given that surgical staff reported the mean of 5.9 items pre-implementation and 5.5 items post-implementation without intervention, improvements in anesthesia staff report with intervention improved the overall handoff data transfer. Conclusions: Using a physical 12-item checklist for PACU handoff increased overall data transfer.
基金supported by the Project of the State Grid Corporation of China in 2020"Integration Technology Research and Prototype Development for High End Controller Chip"under Grant No.5700-202041264A-0-0-00.
文摘The dataflow architecture,which is characterized by a lack of a redundant unified control logic,has been shown to have an advantage over the control-flow architecture as it improves the computational performance and power efficiency,especially of applications used in high-performance computing(HPC).Importantly,the high computational efficiency of systems using the dataflow architecture is achieved by allowing program kernels to be activated in a simultaneous manner.Therefore,a proper acknowledgment mechanism is required to distinguish the data that logically belongs to different contexts.Possible solutions include the tagged-token matching mechanism in which the data is sent before acknowledgments are received but retried after rejection,or a handshake mechanism in which the data is only sent after acknowledgments are received.However,these mechanisms are characterized by both inefficient data transfer and increased area cost.Good performance of the dataflow architecture depends on the efficiency of data transfer.In order to optimize the efficiency of data transfer in existing dataflow architectures with a minimal increase in area and power cost,we propose a Look-Ahead Acknowledgment(LAA)mechanism.LAA accelerates the execution flow by speculatively acknowledging ahead without penalties.Our simulation analysis based on a handshake mechanism shows that our LAA increases the average utilization of computational units by 23.9%,with a reduction in the average execution time by 17.4%and an increase in the average power efficiency of dataflow processors by 22.4%.Crucially,our novel approach results in a relatively small increase in the area and power consumption of the on-chip logic of less than 0.9%.In conclusion,the evaluation results suggest that Look-Ahead Acknowledgment is an effective improvement for data transfer in existing dataflow architectures.
基金supported in part by the MOST Major Research and Development Project(Grant No.2021YFB2900204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant No.62201123,No.62132004,No.61971102)+3 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2022TQ0056)in part by the financial support of the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2022YFH0022)Sichuan Major R&D Project(Grant No.22QYCX0168)the Municipal Government of Quzhou(Grant No.2022D031)。
文摘Integrated data and energy transfer(IDET)enables the electromagnetic waves to transmit wireless energy at the same time of data delivery for lowpower devices.In this paper,an energy harvesting modulation(EHM)assisted multi-user IDET system is studied,where all the received signals at the users are exploited for energy harvesting without the degradation of wireless data transfer(WDT)performance.The joint IDET performance is then analysed theoretically by conceiving a practical time-dependent wireless channel.With the aid of the AO based algorithm,the average effective data rate among users are maximized by ensuring the BER and the wireless energy transfer(WET)performance.Simulation results validate and evaluate the IDET performance of the EHM assisted system,which also demonstrates that the optimal number of user clusters and IDET time slots should be allocated,in order to improve the WET and WDT performance.
文摘In mobile computing environments, most IoT devices connected to networks experience variable error rates and possess limited bandwidth. The conventional method of retransmitting lost information during transmission, commonly used in data transmission protocols, increases transmission delay and consumes excessive bandwidth. To overcome this issue, forward error correction techniques, e.g., Random Linear Network Coding(RLNC) can be used in data transmission. The primary challenge in RLNC-based methodologies is sustaining a consistent coding ratio during data transmission, leading to notable bandwidth usage and transmission delay in dynamic network conditions. Therefore, this study proposes a new block-based RLNC strategy known as Adjustable RLNC(ARLNC), which dynamically adjusts the coding ratio and transmission window during runtime based on the estimated network error rate calculated via receiver feedback. The calculations in this approach are performed using a Galois field with the order of 256. Furthermore, we assessed ARLNC's performance by subjecting it to various error models such as Gilbert Elliott, exponential, and constant rates and compared it with the standard RLNC. The results show that dynamically adjusting the coding ratio and transmission window size based on network conditions significantly enhances network throughput and reduces total transmission delay in most scenarios. In contrast to the conventional RLNC method employing a fixed coding ratio, the presented approach has demonstrated significant enhancements, resulting in a 73% decrease in transmission delay and a 4 times augmentation in throughput. However, in dynamic computational environments, ARLNC generally incurs higher computational costs than the standard RLNC but excels in high-performance networks.
基金the current result of the “research on the basic category system of contemporary Chinese digital law” (23&ZD154), a major project of the National Social Science Fund of China.
文摘Although the existing legal norms and judicial practic-es can provide basic guidance for the right to personal data portabili-ty, it can be concluded that there are obstacles to the realization of this right through empirical research of the privacy policies of 66 mobile apps, such as whether they have stipulations on the right to personal data portability, whether they are able to derive copies of personal in-formation automatically, whether there are textual examples, whether ID verification is required, whether the copied documents are encrypt-ed, and whether the scope of personal information involved is consis-tent. This gap in practice, on the one hand, reflects the misunderstand-ing of the right to personal data portability, and on the other hand, is a result of the negative externalities, practical costs and technical lim-itations of the right to personal data portability. Based on rethinking the right to data portability, we can somehow solve practical problems concerning the right to personal data portability through multiple measures such as promoting the fulfillment of this right by legislation, optimizing technology-oriented operations, refining response process mechanisms, and enhancing system interoperability.
基金supported by NSFC(Grant No.71373032)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Grant No.12JJ4073)+3 种基金the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(Grant No.11C0029)the Educational Economy and Financial Research Base of Hunan Province(Grant No.13JCJA2)the Project of China Scholarship Council for Overseas Studies(201208430233201508430121)
文摘A decision model of knowledge transfer is presented on the basis of the characteristics of knowledge transfer in a big data environment.This model can determine the weight of knowledge transferred from another enterprise or from a big data provider.Numerous simulation experiments are implemented to test the efficiency of the optimization model.Simulation experiment results show that when increasing the weight of knowledge from big data knowledge provider,the total discount expectation of profits will increase,and the transfer cost will be reduced.The calculated results are in accordance with the actual economic situation.The optimization model can provide useful decision support for enterprises in a big data environment.
基金financial support of Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61971102,62132004)MOST Major Research and Development Project(No.2021YFB2900204)+1 种基金Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2022YFH0022)Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2022C01093)。
文摘Integrated data and energy transfer(IDET)is capable of simultaneously delivering on-demand data and energy to low-power Internet of Everything(Io E)devices.We propose a multi-carrier IDET transceiver relying on superposition waveforms consisting of multi-sinusoidal signals for wireless energy transfer(WET)and orthogonal-frequency-divisionmultiplexing(OFDM)signals for wireless data transfer(WDT).The outdated channel state information(CSI)in aging channels is employed by the transmitter to shape IDET waveforms.With the constraints of transmission power and WDT requirement,the amplitudes and phases of the IDET waveform at the transmitter and the power splitter at the receiver are jointly optimised for maximising the average directcurrent(DC)among a limited number of transmission frames with the existence of carrier-frequencyoffset(CFO).For the amplitude optimisation,the original non-convex problem can be transformed into a reversed geometric programming problem,then it can be effectively solved with existing tools.As for the phase optimisation,the artificial bee colony(ABC)algorithm is invoked in order to deal with the nonconvexity.Iteration between the amplitude optimisation and phase optimisation yields our joint design.Numerical results demonstrate the advantage of our joint design for the IDET waveform shaping with the existence of the CFO and the outdated CSI.
基金Dr. Steve Jones, Scientific Advisor of the Canon Foundation for Scientific Research (7200 The Quorum, Oxford Business Park, Oxford OX4 2JZ, England). Canon Foundation for Scientific Research funded the UPC 2013 tuition fees of the corresponding author during her writing this article
文摘In computational physics proton transfer phenomena could be viewed as pattern classification problems based on a set of input features allowing classification of the proton motion into two categories： transfer ＇occurred＇ and transfer ＇not occurred＇. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the use of artificial neural networks in the classification of proton transfer events, based on the feed-forward back propagation neural network, used as a classifier to distinguish between the two transfer cases. In this paper, we use a new developed data mining and pattern recognition tool for automating, controlling, and drawing charts of the output data of an Empirical Valence Bond existing code. The study analyzes the need for pattern recognition in aqueous proton transfer processes and how the learning approach in error back propagation （multilayer perceptron algorithms） could be satisfactorily employed in the present case. We present a tool for pattern recognition and validate the code including a real physical case study. The results of applying the artificial neural networks methodology to crowd patterns based upon selected physical properties （e.g., temperature, density） show the abilities of the network to learn proton transfer patterns corresponding to properties of the aqueous environments, which is in turn proved to be fully compatible with previous proton transfer studies.
文摘针对大多数加密流量分类(encrypted traffic classification,ETC)模型由于标签数据稀缺而导致的性能下降问题,提出了一个基于对比学习的半监督加密流量分类(semisupervised encrypted traffic classification based on contrastive learning,SSETC-CL)模型。通过比较样本之间的相似性和差异性,SSETC-CL模型能够从大量无标注数据中学习到有用的表示,从而获得一个通用且优秀的特征编码网络,降低了下游任务对标签数据的依赖。本文在公有数据集ISCXVPN2016以及两个自采数据集上对SSETC-CL模型进行了评估。与其他基准模型相比,SSETC-CL模型在设定任务上的表现最佳,准确率最大提升了8.92%。实验结果表明,SSETC-CL模型不仅在预训练模型已知的流量上具有较高的精度,而且具备将预训练模型所获得的知识应用于未知流量的迁移能力。
