The analysis of bacterial diversity in aquatic systems particularly in rivers, lakes, and streams can provide useful data on the effect of anthropogenic activities on such water bodies to humans and fishes. Idah River...The analysis of bacterial diversity in aquatic systems particularly in rivers, lakes, and streams can provide useful data on the effect of anthropogenic activities on such water bodies to humans and fishes. Idah River, the focal point of this study, is an offshoot of the two major Nigerian rivers characterized by observed human activities and pollution sources. Water samples were collected from four designated sites and assessed for their bacterial assemblages and structure, using PacBio Single-Molecule Real-Time (SMRT) sequencing technology. The full length of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced, and Amplicon Sequence Variants were generated using the DADA2 workflow optimised for PacBio long-read amplicons in Rstudio. A total of 8751 high-quality reads obtained were taxonomically classified as 24 phyla, 42 classes, 84 orders, 125 families, 156 genera, and 106 species. Taxonomical composition revealed Proteobacteria as the most abundant phyla across all sample sites. At the genera level, Azospira (57.03%) was the most dominant ASV in Docking Point A, while Acinetobacter (66.67%) was the most abundant ASV in Docking Point B. In Idah Axis Confluence, hgcl clade (65.66%) was the most prevalent ASV, whereas Holophaga (42.86%) was the most common ASV in Idah Axis Midstream. Genera analysis also revealed that 12.9% of the total ASVs were discovered across all sample sites. Among these were pathogenic bacteria, reducers, and degraders of domestic and animal wastes. Observed results provide evidence that sampled sites of Idah River are contaminated, most likely through constant human activities and thus, could have an impact on resident fishes as well. This study, therefore, agrees with a previous report from the river, which used standard microbial procedures. However, next-generation sequencing techniques employed revealed more bacterial community than the former, including unresolved taxonomic sequences that may be novel.展开更多
Adenosine,a critical molecule regulating cellular function both inside and outside cells,is controlled by two human adenosine deaminases:ADA1 and ADA2.While ADA1 primarily resides in the cytoplasm,ADA2 can be transpor...Adenosine,a critical molecule regulating cellular function both inside and outside cells,is controlled by two human adenosine deaminases:ADA1 and ADA2.While ADA1 primarily resides in the cytoplasm,ADA2 can be transported to lysosomes within cells or secreted outside the cell.Patients with ADA2 deficiency(DADA2)often suffer from systemic vasculitis due to elevated levels of TNF-α in their blood.Monocytes from DADA2 patients exhibit excessive TNF-α secretion and differentiate into pro-inflammatory M1-type macrophages.Our findings demonstrate that ADA2 localizes to endolysosomes within macrophages,and its intracellular concentration decreases in cells secreting TNF-α.This suggests that ADA2 may function as a lysosomal adenosine deaminase,regulating TNF-α expression by the cells.Interestingly,pneumonia patients exhibit higher ADA2 concentrations in their bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL),correlating with elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine levels.Conversely,cord blood has low ADA2 levels,creating a more immunosuppressive environment.Additionally,secreted ADA2 can bind to apoptotic cells,activating immune cells by reducing extracellular adenosine levels.These findings imply that ADA2 release from monocytes during inflammation,triggered by growth factors,may be crucial for cell activation.Targeting intracellular and extracellular ADA2 activities could pave the way for novel therapies in inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.展开更多
文摘The analysis of bacterial diversity in aquatic systems particularly in rivers, lakes, and streams can provide useful data on the effect of anthropogenic activities on such water bodies to humans and fishes. Idah River, the focal point of this study, is an offshoot of the two major Nigerian rivers characterized by observed human activities and pollution sources. Water samples were collected from four designated sites and assessed for their bacterial assemblages and structure, using PacBio Single-Molecule Real-Time (SMRT) sequencing technology. The full length of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced, and Amplicon Sequence Variants were generated using the DADA2 workflow optimised for PacBio long-read amplicons in Rstudio. A total of 8751 high-quality reads obtained were taxonomically classified as 24 phyla, 42 classes, 84 orders, 125 families, 156 genera, and 106 species. Taxonomical composition revealed Proteobacteria as the most abundant phyla across all sample sites. At the genera level, Azospira (57.03%) was the most dominant ASV in Docking Point A, while Acinetobacter (66.67%) was the most abundant ASV in Docking Point B. In Idah Axis Confluence, hgcl clade (65.66%) was the most prevalent ASV, whereas Holophaga (42.86%) was the most common ASV in Idah Axis Midstream. Genera analysis also revealed that 12.9% of the total ASVs were discovered across all sample sites. Among these were pathogenic bacteria, reducers, and degraders of domestic and animal wastes. Observed results provide evidence that sampled sites of Idah River are contaminated, most likely through constant human activities and thus, could have an impact on resident fishes as well. This study, therefore, agrees with a previous report from the river, which used standard microbial procedures. However, next-generation sequencing techniques employed revealed more bacterial community than the former, including unresolved taxonomic sequences that may be novel.
基金supported by Guangzhou Women and Children’s Hospital,Guangzhou Science and Technology Project(No.202201011494 to Liang Dong),and a grant(No.256053 to Andrey V.Zavialov)from the Finnish Academy.
文摘Adenosine,a critical molecule regulating cellular function both inside and outside cells,is controlled by two human adenosine deaminases:ADA1 and ADA2.While ADA1 primarily resides in the cytoplasm,ADA2 can be transported to lysosomes within cells or secreted outside the cell.Patients with ADA2 deficiency(DADA2)often suffer from systemic vasculitis due to elevated levels of TNF-α in their blood.Monocytes from DADA2 patients exhibit excessive TNF-α secretion and differentiate into pro-inflammatory M1-type macrophages.Our findings demonstrate that ADA2 localizes to endolysosomes within macrophages,and its intracellular concentration decreases in cells secreting TNF-α.This suggests that ADA2 may function as a lysosomal adenosine deaminase,regulating TNF-α expression by the cells.Interestingly,pneumonia patients exhibit higher ADA2 concentrations in their bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL),correlating with elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine levels.Conversely,cord blood has low ADA2 levels,creating a more immunosuppressive environment.Additionally,secreted ADA2 can bind to apoptotic cells,activating immune cells by reducing extracellular adenosine levels.These findings imply that ADA2 release from monocytes during inflammation,triggered by growth factors,may be crucial for cell activation.Targeting intracellular and extracellular ADA2 activities could pave the way for novel therapies in inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.
