This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of dyslipidemias and related factors, in Brazilian adolescents from rural and urban areas. This is a cross-sectional study with 182 adolescents aged 10 to 13 years, students...This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of dyslipidemias and related factors, in Brazilian adolescents from rural and urban areas. This is a cross-sectional study with 182 adolescents aged 10 to 13 years, students, residing in the rural and urban area of Brazil;grouped according to age, gender and socioeconomic class. Sexual maturation, physical activity, blood pressure, nutritional status and body composition were evaluated. Total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and serum triglycerides were dosed. The food frequency questionnaire was applied, quantifying energy, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, full fat and fibers. Bivariate and multiple analyses were carried out, by logistic regression. It was verified that 84.6% (n = 154) adolescents presented some lipid profile alteration. There was no difference in the lipid profile between adolescents for residence place. However, as for gender, it was noticed that girls presented higher levels of total cholesterol and HDL (p < 0.05). In addition, adolescents with excess weight and body fat showed lower HDL and higher triglycerides values compared with eutrophic and with those with appropriate body fat percentage (p < 0.05). In the multiple analyses, it was observed that gender and signs of sexual maturation were associated with total cholesterol;fiber intake remained associated with HDL and signs of sexual maturation with LDL (p < 0.05). For triglycerides the related factors were gender, nutritional status and protein intake (p < 0.05). The elevated prevalence of dyslipidemias found between adolescents from rural and urban areas reinforces the importance of monitoring these alterations and information as for the related risk factors, with programs for correction of changeable factors.展开更多
Objective:To explore demographic and metabolic factors associated with increased alanine aminotransferase(ALT)activity in non-diabetic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)patients.Methods:Overall 372 patients who ...Objective:To explore demographic and metabolic factors associated with increased alanine aminotransferase(ALT)activity in non-diabetic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)patients.Methods:Overall 372 patients who consecutively attended to Gastroenterology Clinic of Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran awere diagnosed as NAFLD entered into analysis.Exclusion criteria were having diabetes mellitus and fasting blood glucose over126 mg/dL,active hepatitis B virus infection,having hepatitis C virus positive serology,and to be under corticosteroid therapy.ALT levels were considered pathologically high when it was over30 IU/L for men and over 19 IU/L for women.Results:Bivariate analyses using t test and chisquare test showed that patients with pathologically augmented ALT levels had significantly higher NAFLD grades in their ultrasonographic evaluations(P=0.003).Moreover,these patients represented significantly higher homeostatic model assessment levels(P=0.003),levels of serum insulin(P=0.002),fasting blood glucose(P<0.001),and uric acid(P=0.02).The prevalence of insulin resistance was also higher in patients with increased serum ALT concentrations.Multifactorial logistic regression models showed that ultrasonographic grading of NAFLD(P=0.027)and insulin resistance(P=0.013)were the only variables significantly associated with abnormal ALT levels.Conclusions:This study shows that the associations of increased ALT serum levels in NAFLD patients are different from what are supposed before.By excluding diabetic patients from our population,we find that increased ALT levels are not associated with dyslipidemias but are independently associated with insulin resistance and NAFLD grading on ultrasonographic evaluations.Further studies are needed to confirm our results.展开更多
Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the best predictors of dyslipidemias in Mexican obese children using different anthropometric and body composition measurements. Methods: In an observational, cross...Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the best predictors of dyslipidemias in Mexican obese children using different anthropometric and body composition measurements. Methods: In an observational, cross-sectional study, 905 children from 5 schools were measured for weight, height, waist and hip circumference, and triceps and subscapular skinfolds. A fasting blood sample was taken from a random sub-sample of 306 children to determine lipid profile. Abnormal total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, total cholesterol to HDL ratio, and LDL to HDL ratio, were determined. Logistic regressions and ROC analysis were carried out to determine the best anthropometric predictors of these risk factors. Results: Prevalence of elevated total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol was 14%, 56% and 58%, respectively. In logistic regressions, BMI and triceps skinfold had the highest odds ratios to predict elevated total cholesterol (1.05, 95%CI: 0.97 - 1.14;1.07, 1.01 - 1.13, respectively), triglycerides (1.19, 1.11 - 1.27;1.12, 1.08 - 1.17, respectively), LDL cholesterol (1.11, 1.04 - 1.18;1.09, 1.05 - 1.14, respectively), total cholesterol to HDL ratio (1.06, 1.00-1.14;1.07,1.03-1.12, respectively) and LDL to HDL ratio risk (1.08,1.01-1.15;1.07, 1.03-1.12, respectively). After BMI and triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold also predicted dyslipidemias, except for low HDL;both skinfolds had a narrower odds ratio confidence interval than BMI. In ROC analysis, subscapular skinfold was the best predictor of elevated triglycerides with an AUC ≥ 0.7. Conclusion: Anthropometric measurements are not strongly associated with dyslipidemias in Mexican children. However, since triceps and subscapular skinfolds were better predictors than other anthropometry measures, they may be a simple way to predict dyslipidemias in Mexican children.展开更多
BACKGROUND Tacrolimus(FK506)is a key calcineurin inhibitor used to prevent organ transplant rejection and is effective in improving graft survival.However,it is linked to hyperglycemia and insulin resistance,contribut...BACKGROUND Tacrolimus(FK506)is a key calcineurin inhibitor used to prevent organ transplant rejection and is effective in improving graft survival.However,it is linked to hyperglycemia and insulin resistance,contributing to new-onset diabetes after transplantation and negatively affecting islet function.AIM To study the effects of tacrolimus on the insulin signaling pathway of hepatocytes.METHODS HL7702 cells were treated with different concentrations of tacrolimus(0.1 mg/L,1 mg/L,5 mg/L)for 24 hours.The proteins involved in insulin signaling were detected by Western blotting.RESULTS Compared with the control group,phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate(IRS)1 at Ser 307 and Ser 323 were increased significantly when the tacrolimus concentration reached 1 and 5 mg/L.Phosphorylation of IRS1 at Ser 1101 was also increased,although not significantly.However,phosphorylation of Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 at Thr 389 was decreased significantly.The levels of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3αSer 21 and Ser 9 were increased.Surprisingly,phosphorylation of glycogen synthase at Ser 641 was increased.There was no significant change in the activity of glycogen phosphorylase.CONCLUSION Tacrolimus has no direct effect on hepatic glucose metabolism,but inhibits IRS1-mediated insulin signaling.This may be one of the underlying mechanisms by which tacrolimus induces insulin resistance.展开更多
AIM:To determine the risk factors and time to non-arteric ischemic optic neuropathy(NAION)occurrence among Thai type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients.METHODS:A retrospective review of 266 newly diagnosed T2DM cases a...AIM:To determine the risk factors and time to non-arteric ischemic optic neuropathy(NAION)occurrence among Thai type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients.METHODS:A retrospective review of 266 newly diagnosed T2DM cases at Rajavithi Hospital between 2007 and 2016 was conducted to determine time to occurrence of NAION and evaluate associated risk factors.RESULTS:Hypertension and dyslipidemia were the most common pre-existing vascular diseases and there was a significant male predominance in the NAION group.The mean age of the NAION group was significantly higher than that of the group without NAION.A higher proportion of subjects in the NAION group had hypertension,dyslipidemia,high diastolic blood pressure,smokers,and had a small cup-to-disc ratio(CDR).Higher levels of triglycerides and lowdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol in the group with NAION.Fiftyfive patients among 266 participants(20.68%)developed NAION during a mean follow-up time of 81.26±25.04mo.In a multivariable logistic regression analysis,dyslipidemia(OR=8.36,95%CI,3.447–20.273,P<0.001),high low density lipoprotein levels(OR=1.017,95%CI,1.004–1.029,P=0.009),and small CDR(OR=11.92,95%CI,4.477–31.741,P<0.001)were significant risk factors for NAION development.Smoking was the strongest predictive risk(OR=12.843,95%CI,3.959–41.659,P<0.001).Vascular complications of T2DM and aspirin were not associated with NAION.CONCLUSION:T2DM patients with dyslipidemia or a small CDR should be carefully followed up as they are at increased risk of developing NAION.展开更多
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia was strongly linked to stroke,however the relationship between dyslipidemia and its components and ischemic stroke remained unexplained.AIM To investigate the link between longitudinal changes ...BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia was strongly linked to stroke,however the relationship between dyslipidemia and its components and ischemic stroke remained unexplained.AIM To investigate the link between longitudinal changes in lipid profiles and dyslipidemia and ischemic stroke in a hypertensive population.METHODS Between 2013 and 2014,6094 hypertension individuals were included in this,and ischemic stroke cases were documented to the end of 2018.Longitudinal changes of lipid were stratified into four groups:(1)Normal was transformed into normal group;(2)Abnormal was transformed into normal group;(3)Normal was transformed into abnormal group;and(4)Abnormal was transformed into abnormal group.To examine the link between longitudinal changes in dyslipidemia along with its components and the risk of ischemic stroke,we utilized multivariate Cox proportional hazards models with hazard ratio(HR)and 95%CI.RESULTS The average age of the participants was 62.32 years±13.00 years,with 329 women making up 54.0%of the sample.Over the course of a mean follow-up of 4.8 years,143 ischemic strokes happened.When normal was transformed into normal group was used as a reference,after full adjustments,the HR for dyslipidemia and ischemic stroke among abnormal was transformed into normal group,normal was transformed into abnormal group and abnormal was transformed into abnormal Wei CC et al.Dyslipidemia changed and ischemic stroke WJCC https://www.wjgnet.com 2 February 6,2025 Volume 13 Issue 4 group were 1.089(95%CI:0.598-1.982;P=0.779),2.369(95%CI:1.424-3.941;P<0.001)and 1.448(95%CI:1.002-2.298;P=0.047)(P for trend was 0.233),respectively.CONCLUSION In individuals with hypertension,longitudinal shifts from normal to abnormal in dyslipidemia-particularly in total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-were significantly associated with the risk of ischemic stroke.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hypertriglyceridemia thalassemia syndrome is a rare condition that occurs in patients with thalassemia.It typically presents with a combination of profound anemia and milky serum.Although previous case seri...BACKGROUND Hypertriglyceridemia thalassemia syndrome is a rare condition that occurs in patients with thalassemia.It typically presents with a combination of profound anemia and milky serum.Although previous case series have demonstrated the benefit of blood transfusions in reducing serum triglycerides,information regar-ding clinical outcomes and standard management in this setting remains limited.AIM To identify the clinical course,treatment strategies,and outcomes of patients with hypertriglyceridemia thalassemia syndrome.METHODS We performed a comprehensive search of the Scopus,PubMed,and Embase databases.We included only English-language articles and did not apply any publication date limits.The databases were last accessed on September 1,2024.This study was registered under number CRD420250587918 and included studies involving children and adults with thalassemia,hypertriglyceridemia,and available data on clinical course.RESULTS A total of 14 publications were included in the analysis,all of which were case reports or case series.No higher-quality evidence was available.Among 28 children with hypertriglyceridemia thalassemia syndrome,there were 22 cases ofβ-thalassemia major and 6 cases of hemoglobin E/β-thalassemia,including our illustrative case.The median age of onset was 11 months,and 92.3%of cases presented prior to the first blood transfusion.The common clinical manifestations included pallor(100%)and hepatosplenomegaly(67.9%).For hypertriglyceridemia-related symptoms,lipemia retinalis and xanthomas were observed in 25.0%and 10.7%of cases,respectively.The median hemoglobin level was 5.5 g/dL,while the median triglyceride level was 935 mg/dL.For management,92.9%of cases received blood transfusions with or without other interventions.At a median of 12 months’follow-up,all patients responded to the treatment without lipid-lowering agents,and 85.7%of cases were alive.CONCLUSION Hypertriglyceridemia thalassemia syndrome occurs exclusively in young children and usually presents with anemia and severe hypertriglyceridemia prior to the first transfusion.Management with blood transfusions provides a favorable response.However,long-term regular monitoring is warranted.展开更多
BACKGROUND The global rise in overweight and obesity has reached alarming levels,substantially increasing the risk of metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia.We outlined the evolving trends in baseline blood lipid le...BACKGROUND The global rise in overweight and obesity has reached alarming levels,substantially increasing the risk of metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia.We outlined the evolving trends in baseline blood lipid levels among patients experiencing overweight or obesity,as observed in placebo-controlled randomized trials,to address the unmet clinical requirements.AIM To assess long-term trends in lipid profiles in overweight or obese populations and their association with clinical and treatment factors.METHODS EMBASE,PubMed,Cochrane Library,and Web of Science databases were searched up to October 9,2024.Randomized placebo-controlled trials of participants with overweight or obesity,with reports of baseline lipid levels,were included.The main outcome was a correlation between pooled baseline levels of triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)with study year.Subgroup analysis was conducted based on characteristics of the populations and intervention types.RESULTS A comprehensive meta-analysis encompassing 866 studies across nearly 60 countries and regions worldwide,involving 3300 participants,revealed significant temporal trends in baseline lipid profiles.The analysis revealed a significant decline in TG(Rs=-0.704,P<0.001,I^(2)=98.6%),TC(Rs=-0.884,P<0.001,I^(2)=99.6%),and LDL-C(Rs=-0.808,P<0.001,I^(2)=96.8%)levels.In contrast,HDL-C(Rs=0.336,P=0.041,I^(2)=99.2%)levels exhibited a progressive increase over the study period.Subgroup analyses revealed that sex,body mass index,blood pressure,diabetes status,and type of intervention influenced the observed trends,especially with patients receiving pharmacological therapies demonstrating more pronounced improvements(TG:Rs=-0.449,P_(adj)=0.011;I^(2)=98.9%;TC:Rs=-0.650,P_(adj)=0.001;I^(2)=99.4%;HDL-C:Rs=0.650,P_(adj)=0.002;I^(2)=98.6%;LDL-C:Rs=-0.417,P_(adj)=0.031;I²=98.0%).CONCLUSION Despite rising obesity rates,lipid control has improved over three decades among individuals with overweight or obesity,reflecting the positive impact of public health efforts and effective dyslipidemia treatment strategies.展开更多
BACKGROUND The prevalence of metabolic syndrome(MetS)in adolescents is rising,correlating with the global increase in obesity and physical inactivity.AIM To examine the individual and combined associations of fitness,...BACKGROUND The prevalence of metabolic syndrome(MetS)in adolescents is rising,correlating with the global increase in obesity and physical inactivity.AIM To examine the individual and combined associations of fitness,fatness,visceral adiposity index(VAI),and lipid ratios with MetS risk in Nigerian adolescents.METHODS This cross-sectional study included a sample of 403 adolescents(201 girls and 202 boys)aged 11-19 years.Participants were assessed for cardiorespiratory fitness,body mass index(BMI),VAI,triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio(TG/HDL-C),and total cholesterol-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio(TC/HDL-C).Regression models adjusted for age and sexual maturity were used to determine the associations between these health markers and MetS risk.RESULTS Among the 177 high-risk adolescents,56.6%were at risk of central obesity,49.1%had low fitness,33.3%had dyslipidemia,and 11.7%were obese.After controlling for confounding variables,all health markers were independently and jointly associated with MetS risk,with VAI displaying the strongest explanatory power(girls:β=1.308,P<0.001;boys:β=2.300,P<0.001).Unfit girls were 5.1%more likely to be at risk of MetS,while the odds of unfit boys being at risk of MetS is 3.6.Boys with elevated VAI were 22.3 times more likely to be at risk of MetS,while the likelihood of girls with elevated VAI developing MetS risk is 2.78.CONCLUSION Health markers were independently and jointly associated with MetS risk in adolescents,with VAI and dyslip-idemia contributing most significantly.Promoting healthy eating and also aerobic activities among adolescents is crucial for improving metabolic health.展开更多
BACKGROUND The association between ambient air pollution and glycolipid metabolic disorders(GMDs,including diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia)is still not well understood,especially when it comes to the different effe...BACKGROUND The association between ambient air pollution and glycolipid metabolic disorders(GMDs,including diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia)is still not well understood,especially when it comes to the different effects of long-term vs short-term exposure and the sources of pollutants(indoor or outdoor).AIM To look at how outdoor particulate matter(PM1,PM_(2.5),PM_(10))and ozone(O3),as well as indoor pollutants from solid fuels,are related to the risk of developing GMDs in a cohort that represents the national population.METHODS We used a longitudinal cohort design to look at how different time periods of air pollution exposure(long-term:5-year averages;short-term:1-year averages)affect the incidence of GMDs in middle-aged and elderly adults.Multivariable logistic regression models,which took into account key factors such as age,sex,and smoking status,were used to calculate odds ratios(ORs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs).RESULTS Our study found that exposure to air pollution(1μg/m^(3))has different effects on GMDs.Long-term exposure to outdoor pollutants like PM1,PM_(2.5),PM_(10),and O3 consistently increased the risk of diabetes(PM1:OR=1.106,95%CI:1.018-1.205;PM_(2.5):OR=1.038,95%CI:1.007-1.071;PM_(10):OR=1.023,95%CI:1.004-1.043)and dyslipidemia(PM1:OR=1.150,95%CI:1.064-1.249;PM_(2.5):OR=1.053,95%CI:1.023-1.086;PM_(10):OR=1.032,95%CI:1.014-1.052).Short-term exposure showed even stronger associations,particularly for PM1 with dyslipidemia(OR=1.078,95%CI:1.044-1.114)and PM1 with diabetes(OR=1.047,95%CI:1.007-1.089).Notably,certain components of PM_(2.5)-chloride(Cl^(-)),ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)),sulfate(SO_(4)^(2-)),and nitrate(NO3-)-showed a dose-dependent relationship with both conditions(for example,Cl^(-):Diabetes OR=1.797 per 1μg/m^(3),95%CI:1.086-2.991;dyslipidemia OR=2.627,95%CI:1.728-4.012).However,neither long-term nor short-term exposure to indoor solid fuel pollutants was significantly associated with diabetes(long-term OR=1.034,95%CI:0.801-1.333;short-term OR=0.970,95%CI:0.774-1.209)or dyslipidemia(short-term OR=1.159,95%CI:0.967-1.386).CONCLUSION This national cohort study shows that outdoor air pollution-particularly PM1,PM_(2.5),and their chemical components-is an important environmental factor contributing to GMDs,with long-term exposure showing greater metabolic toxicity than short-term exposure.The lack of association between indoor solid fuel pollutants and GMDs underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions to improve outdoor air quality and reduce metabolic risks at the population level.展开更多
Waist circumference(WC),which is a simple and effective indicator of central obesity,has been proved to be closely related to many chronic diseases,such as hypertension,diabetes,dyslipidemia,cardiovascular,cerebrovasc...Waist circumference(WC),which is a simple and effective indicator of central obesity,has been proved to be closely related to many chronic diseases,such as hypertension,diabetes,dyslipidemia,cardiovascular,cerebrovascular diseases,and so on^([1]).展开更多
Today’s youth in rich and poor countries faces comparable health risks and challenges.There is the temptation to enjoy too much food that is advertised as delicious and to eat too little healthier food.An increasingl...Today’s youth in rich and poor countries faces comparable health risks and challenges.There is the temptation to enjoy too much food that is advertised as delicious and to eat too little healthier food.An increasingly sedentary lifestyle makes physical activity voluntary,no longer based on the daily need for physical activity in rural production.This is a serious medical problem,as today’s young people are threatened tomorrow(and sometimes,already today)by cardiova-scular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus,later by further challenges including arthritis,stroke,and more.But this is a challenge far beyond medicine.Young people need to be empowered to distinguish between good and bad lifestyles and be strengthened in their willingness to make an effort for future health.It may not seem very sexy to eat mostly fruits and high-fiber traditional foods instead of hamburgers,snacks,sweets,or to eat in posh restaurants.Everyone needs a certain resistance to advertising today,whether they grow up in Nigeria,Europe or anywhere else.Medical doctors,teachers,and many other professionals with responsibilities for young people have a key role in this endeavour.展开更多
Dyslipidemia,a complex disorder characterized by systemic lipid profile abnormalities,affects more than half of adults globally and constitutes a major modifiable risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease...Dyslipidemia,a complex disorder characterized by systemic lipid profile abnormalities,affects more than half of adults globally and constitutes a major modifiable risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.Mounting evidence has established the gut microbiota(GM)as a pivotal metabolic modulator that is correlated with atherogenic lipid profiles through dietary biotransformation,immunometabolic regulation,and bioactive metabolite signaling.However,the host-microbe interactions that drive dyslipidemia pathogenesis involve complex gene-environment crosstalk spanning epigenetic modifications to circadian entrainment.Mechanistically,GM perturbations disrupt lipid homeostasis via lipopolysaccharide-triggered hepatic very low-density lipoprotein overproduction,short-chain fatty acid-G protein-coupled receptor 43/41-mediated adipocyte lipolysis,bile acid-farnesoid X receptor/Takeda G proteincoupled receptor 5 axis dysfunction altering cholesterol flux,microbialβ-oxidation intermediates impairing mitochondrial energetics,and host-microbiota noncoding RNA crosstalk regulating lipogenic genes.This comprehensive review systematically examines three critical dimensions,including bidirectional GMlipid axis interactions,molecular cascades bridging microbial ecology to metabolic dysfunction,and translational applications of GM modulation through precision probiotics,structure-specific prebiotics,and a metabolically optimized fecal microbiota transplantation protocol.Notwithstanding these advances,critical gaps persist in establishing causal microbial taxa-pathway relationships and optimal intervention timing.Future directions require longitudinal multi-omic studies,gnotobiotic models for mechanistic validation,and machine learning-driven personalized microbiota profiling.This synthesis provides a framework for developing microbiotacentric strategies targeting dyslipidemia pathophysiology,with implications for precision dyslipidemia management and next-generation cardiovascular disease prevention.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hypertension(HTN)is a significant global health concern due to its rising prevalence and associated risks of cardiovascular disease,chronic kidney disease,and other comorbidities.The increasing rates of HTN...BACKGROUND Hypertension(HTN)is a significant global health concern due to its rising prevalence and associated risks of cardiovascular disease,chronic kidney disease,and other comorbidities.The increasing rates of HTN among youth have been partly attributed to the global rise in childhood obesity,lipid abnormalities,and sedentary lifestyles.AIM To investigate the independent associations of aerobic fitness(AF),the triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(TG/HDL-C)ratio,visceral adiposity index(VAI),and resting blood pressure(BP)in Nigerian adolescents.METHODS A multistage sampling technique was used to select 403 in-school adolescents aged 11-19 years in Kogi East,Nigeria.Participants were assessed for AF,TG/HDL-C ratio,VAI,systolic BP(SBP),and diastolic BP(DBP).The associations between the independent variables and the risk of systolic and diastolic HTN were examined using multivariate regression models,controlling for age and maturity status.Receiver operating characteristics curve(ROC)and area under the curve(AUC)were employed to determine the predictive capacities of the independent variables.RESULTS The overall prevalence of systolic HTN was 5.5%(girls:7%;boys:4%)while diastolic HTN was 12.7%(girls:16.9%;boys:8.4%).Among girls,all independent variables showed significant associations with SBP,including fitness(P<0.001),TG/HDL-C(P<0.001),and VAI(P<0.001),with VAI showing the strongest association.In boys,all independent variables except VAI(P=0.063)were significantly associated with SBP,with fitness showing the stronger predictive power(Fitness,P<0.001;TG/HDL-C,P=0.029).For DBP,all independent variables,except fitness in girls(P=0.099),were significantly associated(P<0.001)in both sexes.Unfit boys were 1.1 times more likely to develop systolic HTN(95%CI:1.01–1.15,P=0.018)and had 1.1 times higher odds of developing diastolic HTN(95%CI:1.03–1.13,P=0.001).Only the ROC for DBP turned up significant(P<0.001)AUCs for TG/HDL-C and VAI in girls only,with 0.6 and 1.0 thresholds respectively.CONCLUSION AF,dyslipidemia,and visceral adipose tissue dysfunction were independently associated with the risk of HTN in Nigerian adolescents.These findings highlight the importance of promoting a healthy diet and encouraging aerobic physical activity among adolescents to reduce the risk of HTN.展开更多
With the global rise in sedentary lifestyles,obesity,and unhealthy dietary patterns,dyslipidemia has emerged as a leading modifiable risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.Beyond host genetics and diet...With the global rise in sedentary lifestyles,obesity,and unhealthy dietary patterns,dyslipidemia has emerged as a leading modifiable risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.Beyond host genetics and diet,the gut microbiota has gained recognition as a critical regulator of lipid homeostasis through mechanisms involving bile acid metabolism,short-chain fatty acid signaling,and microbial modulation of inflammation.Lv et al provide a comprehensive synthesis of the diet microbe-lipid axis and therapeutic strategies,including probiotics,prebiotics,and fecal microbiota transplantation.In this correspondence,we expand on their framework by highlighting underexplored yet clinically relevant dimensions,including circadian rhythm alignment,pharmacotherapy microbe crosstalk,population-specific microbial signatures,and functional microbial phenotyping.Addressing these overlooked aspects could accelerate the translation of microbiome science into precision dyslipidemia management,with the potential to improve cardiovascular outcomes worldwide.展开更多
Clean air is fundamental to human health.Approximately 99%of the global population has been exposed to concentrations higher than the World Health Organization’s recommendations.Moreover,adverse health effects have b...Clean air is fundamental to human health.Approximately 99%of the global population has been exposed to concentrations higher than the World Health Organization’s recommendations.Moreover,adverse health effects have been observed at much lower pollution levels than previously studied.China has experienced periods of severe air pollution over the past few decades.To improve air quality and safeguard public health,the government has implemented several progressively tightened policies.Emission control policies were first proposed in 2005.展开更多
Currently,cultivated tea plants are classified into three varieties,namely,Camellia sinensis var.sinensis,C.sinensis var.assamica,and C.sinensis var.kucha.Three tea varieties made green teas(TVGTs)are widely consumed ...Currently,cultivated tea plants are classified into three varieties,namely,Camellia sinensis var.sinensis,C.sinensis var.assamica,and C.sinensis var.kucha.Three tea varieties made green teas(TVGTs)are widely consumed worldwide.However,a comparative investigation of the beneficial effects,mechanism,and characteristic compounds of TVGTs has not been reported.Here,three representative tea plant varieties,namely,C.sinensis var.sinensis cv.Fuding(FD),C.sinensis var.assamica cv.Yunkang 10(YK),and C.sinensis var.kucha(KC),planted in the same garden,were used to make green teas utilizing the same standard procedure.Our findings show that the TVGTs effectively improved hyperglycemia,obesity,dyslipidemia,fatty liver,and mesenteric artery(MA)hypercontractility in mice with diabetes and obesity induced by a high-fat diet(HFD)after 11-and 22-week interventions,with YK being the most effective at 22 weeks.Liver lipidomics indicated that the TVGTs restored the glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid balance and reduced triglycerides,with YK demonstrating superior effects.The TVGTs,particularly YK,suppressed triglyceride synthesis through the ARV1-FXR-SHP-SREBP-1c pathway.A chemical profile analysis revealed that YK green tea had enriched active compounds,including caffeine,quinic acid,L-theanine,gallic acid,and catechins,compared with FD and KC green teas,which may contribute to ameliorating diabetic dyslipidemia via synergistic action.As a representative tea variety of C.sinensis var.assamica,YK green tea was found to be superior to the other two green teas in preventing and treating diabetic dyslipidemia,especially with long term consumption.These data provide important information for tea plant breeders and tea consumers.展开更多
Lysosomal acid lipase-deficiency(LAL-D)is a rare and systemic condition,secondary to lipase A gene mutations,responsible for lysosomal accumulation of cholesteryl esters and triglycerides in many tissues.It is a very ...Lysosomal acid lipase-deficiency(LAL-D)is a rare and systemic condition,secondary to lipase A gene mutations,responsible for lysosomal accumulation of cholesteryl esters and triglycerides in many tissues.It is a very heterogeneous disease in terms of the age of onset,severity,and the type of clinical and radiological manifestations.Dyslipidemia,hepatomegaly,and hepatosteatosis with increased levels of transaminases are the most common features.In association with liver dysfunction and evolution to cirrhosis,there is an increased risk of premature atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disorders,secondary to a generalized alteration of lipid profile and lipoprotein dysfunction associated with LAL-D.Therefore,we provide an update on the frequently under-recognized LAL-D,focusing on the late-onset form:Cholesteryl ester storage disease.展开更多
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)significantly contributes to cardiovascular morbidity,with cardiovascular disease being the leading cause of mortality among affected individuals.Atrial f...Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)significantly contributes to cardiovascular morbidity,with cardiovascular disease being the leading cause of mortality among affected individuals.Atrial fibrillation(AF),the most common cardiac arrhythmia,is frequently observed in patients with MASLD.While shared metabolic risk factors such as obesity,diabetes,dyslipidemia,and hypertension are implicated,underlying pathophysiological mechanisms that include systemic inflammation,oxidative stress,insulin resistance,endothelial dysfunction,and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system(RAAS)are proposed to play significant part in the increased risk of AF in MASLD.The aim is to review the pathogenesis linking MASLD and AF.A comprehensive literature review was conducted,focusing on studies that explore the epidemiology,pathogenesis,and clinical implications of MASLD and AF.Databases searched included PubMed,Scopus,and Web of Science,with keywords such as"metabolic associated steatotic liver disease","non fibrotic metabolic associated steatohepatitis","Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","metabolic syndrome","atrial fibrillation","antifibrotic therapies","pathogenesis",and"cardiovascular risk".Chronic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress in MASLD contribute to atrial structural and electrical remodeling,fostering an arrhythmogenic substrate.Insulin resistance,a hallmark of MASLD,exacerbates metabolic dysfunction and promotes atrial fibrosis.Dysregulated lipid metabolism and gut microbiota alterations further compound cardiovascular risk.Aldosterone dysregulation and systemic inflammation stemming from RAAS activation contributes to the shared pathophysiology.The severity of MASLD does not seem to directly influence the risk of AF,suggesting that even early stages of liver disease can increase susceptibility to this arrhythmia.Effective management of MASLD requires targeted risk-factor modification strategies,including weight management,glycemic control,and pharmacological interventions.A multidisciplinary approach is essential for comprehensive assessment and management of MASLD patients,with a focus on cardiovascular risk assessment and arrhythmia prevention.Future research should explore the impact of emerging MASLD therapeutic agents on the incidence and recurrence of cardiac arrhythmias.Early detection and comprehensive management of MASLD and AF are crucial to mitigate the dual burden of these conditions.展开更多
The metabolic syndrome is common after liver transplant being present in approximately half of recipients. It has been associated with adverse outcomes such as progression of hepatitis C and major vascular events. As ...The metabolic syndrome is common after liver transplant being present in approximately half of recipients. It has been associated with adverse outcomes such as progression of hepatitis C and major vascular events. As the United States population ages and the rate of obesity increases, prevention of the metabolic syndrome in the post-transplant population deserves special consideration. Currently, the metabolic syndrome after transplant appears at least two times more common than observed rates in the general population. Specific guidelines for patients after transplant does not exist, therefore prevention rests upon knowledge of risk factors and the presence of modifiable elements. The current article will focus on risk factors for the development of the metabolic syndrome after transplant, will highlight potentially modifiable factors and propose potential areas for intervention. As in the non-transplant population, behavioral choices might have a major role. Opportunities exist in this regard for health prevention studies incorporating lifestyle changes. Other factors such as the need for immunosuppression, and the changing characteristics of wait listed patients are not modifiable, but are important to know in order to identify persons at higher risk. Although immunosuppression after transplant is unavoidable, the contribution of different agents to the development of components of the metabolic syndrome is also discussed. Ultimately, an increased risk of the metabolic syndrome after transplant is likely unavoidable, however, there are many opportunities to reduce the prevalence.展开更多
文摘This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of dyslipidemias and related factors, in Brazilian adolescents from rural and urban areas. This is a cross-sectional study with 182 adolescents aged 10 to 13 years, students, residing in the rural and urban area of Brazil;grouped according to age, gender and socioeconomic class. Sexual maturation, physical activity, blood pressure, nutritional status and body composition were evaluated. Total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and serum triglycerides were dosed. The food frequency questionnaire was applied, quantifying energy, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, full fat and fibers. Bivariate and multiple analyses were carried out, by logistic regression. It was verified that 84.6% (n = 154) adolescents presented some lipid profile alteration. There was no difference in the lipid profile between adolescents for residence place. However, as for gender, it was noticed that girls presented higher levels of total cholesterol and HDL (p < 0.05). In addition, adolescents with excess weight and body fat showed lower HDL and higher triglycerides values compared with eutrophic and with those with appropriate body fat percentage (p < 0.05). In the multiple analyses, it was observed that gender and signs of sexual maturation were associated with total cholesterol;fiber intake remained associated with HDL and signs of sexual maturation with LDL (p < 0.05). For triglycerides the related factors were gender, nutritional status and protein intake (p < 0.05). The elevated prevalence of dyslipidemias found between adolescents from rural and urban areas reinforces the importance of monitoring these alterations and information as for the related risk factors, with programs for correction of changeable factors.
基金financially supported by Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences
文摘Objective:To explore demographic and metabolic factors associated with increased alanine aminotransferase(ALT)activity in non-diabetic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)patients.Methods:Overall 372 patients who consecutively attended to Gastroenterology Clinic of Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran awere diagnosed as NAFLD entered into analysis.Exclusion criteria were having diabetes mellitus and fasting blood glucose over126 mg/dL,active hepatitis B virus infection,having hepatitis C virus positive serology,and to be under corticosteroid therapy.ALT levels were considered pathologically high when it was over30 IU/L for men and over 19 IU/L for women.Results:Bivariate analyses using t test and chisquare test showed that patients with pathologically augmented ALT levels had significantly higher NAFLD grades in their ultrasonographic evaluations(P=0.003).Moreover,these patients represented significantly higher homeostatic model assessment levels(P=0.003),levels of serum insulin(P=0.002),fasting blood glucose(P<0.001),and uric acid(P=0.02).The prevalence of insulin resistance was also higher in patients with increased serum ALT concentrations.Multifactorial logistic regression models showed that ultrasonographic grading of NAFLD(P=0.027)and insulin resistance(P=0.013)were the only variables significantly associated with abnormal ALT levels.Conclusions:This study shows that the associations of increased ALT serum levels in NAFLD patients are different from what are supposed before.By excluding diabetic patients from our population,we find that increased ALT levels are not associated with dyslipidemias but are independently associated with insulin resistance and NAFLD grading on ultrasonographic evaluations.Further studies are needed to confirm our results.
文摘Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the best predictors of dyslipidemias in Mexican obese children using different anthropometric and body composition measurements. Methods: In an observational, cross-sectional study, 905 children from 5 schools were measured for weight, height, waist and hip circumference, and triceps and subscapular skinfolds. A fasting blood sample was taken from a random sub-sample of 306 children to determine lipid profile. Abnormal total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, total cholesterol to HDL ratio, and LDL to HDL ratio, were determined. Logistic regressions and ROC analysis were carried out to determine the best anthropometric predictors of these risk factors. Results: Prevalence of elevated total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol was 14%, 56% and 58%, respectively. In logistic regressions, BMI and triceps skinfold had the highest odds ratios to predict elevated total cholesterol (1.05, 95%CI: 0.97 - 1.14;1.07, 1.01 - 1.13, respectively), triglycerides (1.19, 1.11 - 1.27;1.12, 1.08 - 1.17, respectively), LDL cholesterol (1.11, 1.04 - 1.18;1.09, 1.05 - 1.14, respectively), total cholesterol to HDL ratio (1.06, 1.00-1.14;1.07,1.03-1.12, respectively) and LDL to HDL ratio risk (1.08,1.01-1.15;1.07, 1.03-1.12, respectively). After BMI and triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold also predicted dyslipidemias, except for low HDL;both skinfolds had a narrower odds ratio confidence interval than BMI. In ROC analysis, subscapular skinfold was the best predictor of elevated triglycerides with an AUC ≥ 0.7. Conclusion: Anthropometric measurements are not strongly associated with dyslipidemias in Mexican children. However, since triceps and subscapular skinfolds were better predictors than other anthropometry measures, they may be a simple way to predict dyslipidemias in Mexican children.
文摘BACKGROUND Tacrolimus(FK506)is a key calcineurin inhibitor used to prevent organ transplant rejection and is effective in improving graft survival.However,it is linked to hyperglycemia and insulin resistance,contributing to new-onset diabetes after transplantation and negatively affecting islet function.AIM To study the effects of tacrolimus on the insulin signaling pathway of hepatocytes.METHODS HL7702 cells were treated with different concentrations of tacrolimus(0.1 mg/L,1 mg/L,5 mg/L)for 24 hours.The proteins involved in insulin signaling were detected by Western blotting.RESULTS Compared with the control group,phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate(IRS)1 at Ser 307 and Ser 323 were increased significantly when the tacrolimus concentration reached 1 and 5 mg/L.Phosphorylation of IRS1 at Ser 1101 was also increased,although not significantly.However,phosphorylation of Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 at Thr 389 was decreased significantly.The levels of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3αSer 21 and Ser 9 were increased.Surprisingly,phosphorylation of glycogen synthase at Ser 641 was increased.There was no significant change in the activity of glycogen phosphorylase.CONCLUSION Tacrolimus has no direct effect on hepatic glucose metabolism,but inhibits IRS1-mediated insulin signaling.This may be one of the underlying mechanisms by which tacrolimus induces insulin resistance.
文摘AIM:To determine the risk factors and time to non-arteric ischemic optic neuropathy(NAION)occurrence among Thai type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients.METHODS:A retrospective review of 266 newly diagnosed T2DM cases at Rajavithi Hospital between 2007 and 2016 was conducted to determine time to occurrence of NAION and evaluate associated risk factors.RESULTS:Hypertension and dyslipidemia were the most common pre-existing vascular diseases and there was a significant male predominance in the NAION group.The mean age of the NAION group was significantly higher than that of the group without NAION.A higher proportion of subjects in the NAION group had hypertension,dyslipidemia,high diastolic blood pressure,smokers,and had a small cup-to-disc ratio(CDR).Higher levels of triglycerides and lowdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol in the group with NAION.Fiftyfive patients among 266 participants(20.68%)developed NAION during a mean follow-up time of 81.26±25.04mo.In a multivariable logistic regression analysis,dyslipidemia(OR=8.36,95%CI,3.447–20.273,P<0.001),high low density lipoprotein levels(OR=1.017,95%CI,1.004–1.029,P=0.009),and small CDR(OR=11.92,95%CI,4.477–31.741,P<0.001)were significant risk factors for NAION development.Smoking was the strongest predictive risk(OR=12.843,95%CI,3.959–41.659,P<0.001).Vascular complications of T2DM and aspirin were not associated with NAION.CONCLUSION:T2DM patients with dyslipidemia or a small CDR should be carefully followed up as they are at increased risk of developing NAION.
文摘BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia was strongly linked to stroke,however the relationship between dyslipidemia and its components and ischemic stroke remained unexplained.AIM To investigate the link between longitudinal changes in lipid profiles and dyslipidemia and ischemic stroke in a hypertensive population.METHODS Between 2013 and 2014,6094 hypertension individuals were included in this,and ischemic stroke cases were documented to the end of 2018.Longitudinal changes of lipid were stratified into four groups:(1)Normal was transformed into normal group;(2)Abnormal was transformed into normal group;(3)Normal was transformed into abnormal group;and(4)Abnormal was transformed into abnormal group.To examine the link between longitudinal changes in dyslipidemia along with its components and the risk of ischemic stroke,we utilized multivariate Cox proportional hazards models with hazard ratio(HR)and 95%CI.RESULTS The average age of the participants was 62.32 years±13.00 years,with 329 women making up 54.0%of the sample.Over the course of a mean follow-up of 4.8 years,143 ischemic strokes happened.When normal was transformed into normal group was used as a reference,after full adjustments,the HR for dyslipidemia and ischemic stroke among abnormal was transformed into normal group,normal was transformed into abnormal group and abnormal was transformed into abnormal Wei CC et al.Dyslipidemia changed and ischemic stroke WJCC https://www.wjgnet.com 2 February 6,2025 Volume 13 Issue 4 group were 1.089(95%CI:0.598-1.982;P=0.779),2.369(95%CI:1.424-3.941;P<0.001)and 1.448(95%CI:1.002-2.298;P=0.047)(P for trend was 0.233),respectively.CONCLUSION In individuals with hypertension,longitudinal shifts from normal to abnormal in dyslipidemia-particularly in total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-were significantly associated with the risk of ischemic stroke.
文摘BACKGROUND Hypertriglyceridemia thalassemia syndrome is a rare condition that occurs in patients with thalassemia.It typically presents with a combination of profound anemia and milky serum.Although previous case series have demonstrated the benefit of blood transfusions in reducing serum triglycerides,information regar-ding clinical outcomes and standard management in this setting remains limited.AIM To identify the clinical course,treatment strategies,and outcomes of patients with hypertriglyceridemia thalassemia syndrome.METHODS We performed a comprehensive search of the Scopus,PubMed,and Embase databases.We included only English-language articles and did not apply any publication date limits.The databases were last accessed on September 1,2024.This study was registered under number CRD420250587918 and included studies involving children and adults with thalassemia,hypertriglyceridemia,and available data on clinical course.RESULTS A total of 14 publications were included in the analysis,all of which were case reports or case series.No higher-quality evidence was available.Among 28 children with hypertriglyceridemia thalassemia syndrome,there were 22 cases ofβ-thalassemia major and 6 cases of hemoglobin E/β-thalassemia,including our illustrative case.The median age of onset was 11 months,and 92.3%of cases presented prior to the first blood transfusion.The common clinical manifestations included pallor(100%)and hepatosplenomegaly(67.9%).For hypertriglyceridemia-related symptoms,lipemia retinalis and xanthomas were observed in 25.0%and 10.7%of cases,respectively.The median hemoglobin level was 5.5 g/dL,while the median triglyceride level was 935 mg/dL.For management,92.9%of cases received blood transfusions with or without other interventions.At a median of 12 months’follow-up,all patients responded to the treatment without lipid-lowering agents,and 85.7%of cases were alive.CONCLUSION Hypertriglyceridemia thalassemia syndrome occurs exclusively in young children and usually presents with anemia and severe hypertriglyceridemia prior to the first transfusion.Management with blood transfusions provides a favorable response.However,long-term regular monitoring is warranted.
文摘BACKGROUND The global rise in overweight and obesity has reached alarming levels,substantially increasing the risk of metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia.We outlined the evolving trends in baseline blood lipid levels among patients experiencing overweight or obesity,as observed in placebo-controlled randomized trials,to address the unmet clinical requirements.AIM To assess long-term trends in lipid profiles in overweight or obese populations and their association with clinical and treatment factors.METHODS EMBASE,PubMed,Cochrane Library,and Web of Science databases were searched up to October 9,2024.Randomized placebo-controlled trials of participants with overweight or obesity,with reports of baseline lipid levels,were included.The main outcome was a correlation between pooled baseline levels of triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)with study year.Subgroup analysis was conducted based on characteristics of the populations and intervention types.RESULTS A comprehensive meta-analysis encompassing 866 studies across nearly 60 countries and regions worldwide,involving 3300 participants,revealed significant temporal trends in baseline lipid profiles.The analysis revealed a significant decline in TG(Rs=-0.704,P<0.001,I^(2)=98.6%),TC(Rs=-0.884,P<0.001,I^(2)=99.6%),and LDL-C(Rs=-0.808,P<0.001,I^(2)=96.8%)levels.In contrast,HDL-C(Rs=0.336,P=0.041,I^(2)=99.2%)levels exhibited a progressive increase over the study period.Subgroup analyses revealed that sex,body mass index,blood pressure,diabetes status,and type of intervention influenced the observed trends,especially with patients receiving pharmacological therapies demonstrating more pronounced improvements(TG:Rs=-0.449,P_(adj)=0.011;I^(2)=98.9%;TC:Rs=-0.650,P_(adj)=0.001;I^(2)=99.4%;HDL-C:Rs=0.650,P_(adj)=0.002;I^(2)=98.6%;LDL-C:Rs=-0.417,P_(adj)=0.031;I²=98.0%).CONCLUSION Despite rising obesity rates,lipid control has improved over three decades among individuals with overweight or obesity,reflecting the positive impact of public health efforts and effective dyslipidemia treatment strategies.
文摘BACKGROUND The prevalence of metabolic syndrome(MetS)in adolescents is rising,correlating with the global increase in obesity and physical inactivity.AIM To examine the individual and combined associations of fitness,fatness,visceral adiposity index(VAI),and lipid ratios with MetS risk in Nigerian adolescents.METHODS This cross-sectional study included a sample of 403 adolescents(201 girls and 202 boys)aged 11-19 years.Participants were assessed for cardiorespiratory fitness,body mass index(BMI),VAI,triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio(TG/HDL-C),and total cholesterol-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio(TC/HDL-C).Regression models adjusted for age and sexual maturity were used to determine the associations between these health markers and MetS risk.RESULTS Among the 177 high-risk adolescents,56.6%were at risk of central obesity,49.1%had low fitness,33.3%had dyslipidemia,and 11.7%were obese.After controlling for confounding variables,all health markers were independently and jointly associated with MetS risk,with VAI displaying the strongest explanatory power(girls:β=1.308,P<0.001;boys:β=2.300,P<0.001).Unfit girls were 5.1%more likely to be at risk of MetS,while the odds of unfit boys being at risk of MetS is 3.6.Boys with elevated VAI were 22.3 times more likely to be at risk of MetS,while the likelihood of girls with elevated VAI developing MetS risk is 2.78.CONCLUSION Health markers were independently and jointly associated with MetS risk in adolescents,with VAI and dyslip-idemia contributing most significantly.Promoting healthy eating and also aerobic activities among adolescents is crucial for improving metabolic health.
基金Supported by the Teaching Research and Reform Fund Project of Central South University,No.2024jy178.
文摘BACKGROUND The association between ambient air pollution and glycolipid metabolic disorders(GMDs,including diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia)is still not well understood,especially when it comes to the different effects of long-term vs short-term exposure and the sources of pollutants(indoor or outdoor).AIM To look at how outdoor particulate matter(PM1,PM_(2.5),PM_(10))and ozone(O3),as well as indoor pollutants from solid fuels,are related to the risk of developing GMDs in a cohort that represents the national population.METHODS We used a longitudinal cohort design to look at how different time periods of air pollution exposure(long-term:5-year averages;short-term:1-year averages)affect the incidence of GMDs in middle-aged and elderly adults.Multivariable logistic regression models,which took into account key factors such as age,sex,and smoking status,were used to calculate odds ratios(ORs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs).RESULTS Our study found that exposure to air pollution(1μg/m^(3))has different effects on GMDs.Long-term exposure to outdoor pollutants like PM1,PM_(2.5),PM_(10),and O3 consistently increased the risk of diabetes(PM1:OR=1.106,95%CI:1.018-1.205;PM_(2.5):OR=1.038,95%CI:1.007-1.071;PM_(10):OR=1.023,95%CI:1.004-1.043)and dyslipidemia(PM1:OR=1.150,95%CI:1.064-1.249;PM_(2.5):OR=1.053,95%CI:1.023-1.086;PM_(10):OR=1.032,95%CI:1.014-1.052).Short-term exposure showed even stronger associations,particularly for PM1 with dyslipidemia(OR=1.078,95%CI:1.044-1.114)and PM1 with diabetes(OR=1.047,95%CI:1.007-1.089).Notably,certain components of PM_(2.5)-chloride(Cl^(-)),ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)),sulfate(SO_(4)^(2-)),and nitrate(NO3-)-showed a dose-dependent relationship with both conditions(for example,Cl^(-):Diabetes OR=1.797 per 1μg/m^(3),95%CI:1.086-2.991;dyslipidemia OR=2.627,95%CI:1.728-4.012).However,neither long-term nor short-term exposure to indoor solid fuel pollutants was significantly associated with diabetes(long-term OR=1.034,95%CI:0.801-1.333;short-term OR=0.970,95%CI:0.774-1.209)or dyslipidemia(short-term OR=1.159,95%CI:0.967-1.386).CONCLUSION This national cohort study shows that outdoor air pollution-particularly PM1,PM_(2.5),and their chemical components-is an important environmental factor contributing to GMDs,with long-term exposure showing greater metabolic toxicity than short-term exposure.The lack of association between indoor solid fuel pollutants and GMDs underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions to improve outdoor air quality and reduce metabolic risks at the population level.
基金funded by National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China Medical Reform Major Program:China National Chronic Diseases and Nutrition Surveillance of Adults(2015–2017)(No.201519-B)Public Health Emergency Project Nutrition Health and Healthy Diet Campaign(No.102393220020070000012)。
文摘Waist circumference(WC),which is a simple and effective indicator of central obesity,has been proved to be closely related to many chronic diseases,such as hypertension,diabetes,dyslipidemia,cardiovascular,cerebrovascular diseases,and so on^([1]).
文摘Today’s youth in rich and poor countries faces comparable health risks and challenges.There is the temptation to enjoy too much food that is advertised as delicious and to eat too little healthier food.An increasingly sedentary lifestyle makes physical activity voluntary,no longer based on the daily need for physical activity in rural production.This is a serious medical problem,as today’s young people are threatened tomorrow(and sometimes,already today)by cardiova-scular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus,later by further challenges including arthritis,stroke,and more.But this is a challenge far beyond medicine.Young people need to be empowered to distinguish between good and bad lifestyles and be strengthened in their willingness to make an effort for future health.It may not seem very sexy to eat mostly fruits and high-fiber traditional foods instead of hamburgers,snacks,sweets,or to eat in posh restaurants.Everyone needs a certain resistance to advertising today,whether they grow up in Nigeria,Europe or anywhere else.Medical doctors,teachers,and many other professionals with responsibilities for young people have a key role in this endeavour.
文摘BACKGROUND Hypertension(HTN)is a significant global health concern due to its rising prevalence and associated risks of cardiovascular disease,chronic kidney disease,and other comorbidities.The increasing rates of HTN among youth have been partly attributed to the global rise in childhood obesity,lipid abnormalities,and sedentary lifestyles.AIM To investigate the independent associations of aerobic fitness(AF),the triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(TG/HDL-C)ratio,visceral adiposity index(VAI),and resting blood pressure(BP)in Nigerian adolescents.METHODS A multistage sampling technique was used to select 403 in-school adolescents aged 11-19 years in Kogi East,Nigeria.Participants were assessed for AF,TG/HDL-C ratio,VAI,systolic BP(SBP),and diastolic BP(DBP).The associations between the independent variables and the risk of systolic and diastolic HTN were examined using multivariate regression models,controlling for age and maturity status.Receiver operating characteristics curve(ROC)and area under the curve(AUC)were employed to determine the predictive capacities of the independent variables.RESULTS The overall prevalence of systolic HTN was 5.5%(girls:7%;boys:4%)while diastolic HTN was 12.7%(girls:16.9%;boys:8.4%).Among girls,all independent variables showed significant associations with SBP,including fitness(P<0.001),TG/HDL-C(P<0.001),and VAI(P<0.001),with VAI showing the strongest association.In boys,all independent variables except VAI(P=0.063)were significantly associated with SBP,with fitness showing the stronger predictive power(Fitness,P<0.001;TG/HDL-C,P=0.029).For DBP,all independent variables,except fitness in girls(P=0.099),were significantly associated(P<0.001)in both sexes.Unfit boys were 1.1 times more likely to develop systolic HTN(95%CI:1.01–1.15,P=0.018)and had 1.1 times higher odds of developing diastolic HTN(95%CI:1.03–1.13,P=0.001).Only the ROC for DBP turned up significant(P<0.001)AUCs for TG/HDL-C and VAI in girls only,with 0.6 and 1.0 thresholds respectively.CONCLUSION AF,dyslipidemia,and visceral adipose tissue dysfunction were independently associated with the risk of HTN in Nigerian adolescents.These findings highlight the importance of promoting a healthy diet and encouraging aerobic physical activity among adolescents to reduce the risk of HTN.
文摘With the global rise in sedentary lifestyles,obesity,and unhealthy dietary patterns,dyslipidemia has emerged as a leading modifiable risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.Beyond host genetics and diet,the gut microbiota has gained recognition as a critical regulator of lipid homeostasis through mechanisms involving bile acid metabolism,short-chain fatty acid signaling,and microbial modulation of inflammation.Lv et al provide a comprehensive synthesis of the diet microbe-lipid axis and therapeutic strategies,including probiotics,prebiotics,and fecal microbiota transplantation.In this correspondence,we expand on their framework by highlighting underexplored yet clinically relevant dimensions,including circadian rhythm alignment,pharmacotherapy microbe crosstalk,population-specific microbial signatures,and functional microbial phenotyping.Addressing these overlooked aspects could accelerate the translation of microbiome science into precision dyslipidemia management,with the potential to improve cardiovascular outcomes worldwide.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3702702)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82103871).
文摘Clean air is fundamental to human health.Approximately 99%of the global population has been exposed to concentrations higher than the World Health Organization’s recommendations.Moreover,adverse health effects have been observed at much lower pollution levels than previously studied.China has experienced periods of severe air pollution over the past few decades.To improve air quality and safeguard public health,the government has implemented several progressively tightened policies.Emission control policies were first proposed in 2005.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1601102)by a key joint grant for regional innovation from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U19A2034)+2 种基金a key grant for University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province(GXXT-2019-49)a grant from the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-19)a grant for supporting an animal core facility in Anhui Agricultural University from the Department of Sciences and Technology of Anhui Province.
文摘Currently,cultivated tea plants are classified into three varieties,namely,Camellia sinensis var.sinensis,C.sinensis var.assamica,and C.sinensis var.kucha.Three tea varieties made green teas(TVGTs)are widely consumed worldwide.However,a comparative investigation of the beneficial effects,mechanism,and characteristic compounds of TVGTs has not been reported.Here,three representative tea plant varieties,namely,C.sinensis var.sinensis cv.Fuding(FD),C.sinensis var.assamica cv.Yunkang 10(YK),and C.sinensis var.kucha(KC),planted in the same garden,were used to make green teas utilizing the same standard procedure.Our findings show that the TVGTs effectively improved hyperglycemia,obesity,dyslipidemia,fatty liver,and mesenteric artery(MA)hypercontractility in mice with diabetes and obesity induced by a high-fat diet(HFD)after 11-and 22-week interventions,with YK being the most effective at 22 weeks.Liver lipidomics indicated that the TVGTs restored the glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid balance and reduced triglycerides,with YK demonstrating superior effects.The TVGTs,particularly YK,suppressed triglyceride synthesis through the ARV1-FXR-SHP-SREBP-1c pathway.A chemical profile analysis revealed that YK green tea had enriched active compounds,including caffeine,quinic acid,L-theanine,gallic acid,and catechins,compared with FD and KC green teas,which may contribute to ameliorating diabetic dyslipidemia via synergistic action.As a representative tea variety of C.sinensis var.assamica,YK green tea was found to be superior to the other two green teas in preventing and treating diabetic dyslipidemia,especially with long term consumption.These data provide important information for tea plant breeders and tea consumers.
文摘Lysosomal acid lipase-deficiency(LAL-D)is a rare and systemic condition,secondary to lipase A gene mutations,responsible for lysosomal accumulation of cholesteryl esters and triglycerides in many tissues.It is a very heterogeneous disease in terms of the age of onset,severity,and the type of clinical and radiological manifestations.Dyslipidemia,hepatomegaly,and hepatosteatosis with increased levels of transaminases are the most common features.In association with liver dysfunction and evolution to cirrhosis,there is an increased risk of premature atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disorders,secondary to a generalized alteration of lipid profile and lipoprotein dysfunction associated with LAL-D.Therefore,we provide an update on the frequently under-recognized LAL-D,focusing on the late-onset form:Cholesteryl ester storage disease.
文摘Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)significantly contributes to cardiovascular morbidity,with cardiovascular disease being the leading cause of mortality among affected individuals.Atrial fibrillation(AF),the most common cardiac arrhythmia,is frequently observed in patients with MASLD.While shared metabolic risk factors such as obesity,diabetes,dyslipidemia,and hypertension are implicated,underlying pathophysiological mechanisms that include systemic inflammation,oxidative stress,insulin resistance,endothelial dysfunction,and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system(RAAS)are proposed to play significant part in the increased risk of AF in MASLD.The aim is to review the pathogenesis linking MASLD and AF.A comprehensive literature review was conducted,focusing on studies that explore the epidemiology,pathogenesis,and clinical implications of MASLD and AF.Databases searched included PubMed,Scopus,and Web of Science,with keywords such as"metabolic associated steatotic liver disease","non fibrotic metabolic associated steatohepatitis","Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","metabolic syndrome","atrial fibrillation","antifibrotic therapies","pathogenesis",and"cardiovascular risk".Chronic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress in MASLD contribute to atrial structural and electrical remodeling,fostering an arrhythmogenic substrate.Insulin resistance,a hallmark of MASLD,exacerbates metabolic dysfunction and promotes atrial fibrosis.Dysregulated lipid metabolism and gut microbiota alterations further compound cardiovascular risk.Aldosterone dysregulation and systemic inflammation stemming from RAAS activation contributes to the shared pathophysiology.The severity of MASLD does not seem to directly influence the risk of AF,suggesting that even early stages of liver disease can increase susceptibility to this arrhythmia.Effective management of MASLD requires targeted risk-factor modification strategies,including weight management,glycemic control,and pharmacological interventions.A multidisciplinary approach is essential for comprehensive assessment and management of MASLD patients,with a focus on cardiovascular risk assessment and arrhythmia prevention.Future research should explore the impact of emerging MASLD therapeutic agents on the incidence and recurrence of cardiac arrhythmias.Early detection and comprehensive management of MASLD and AF are crucial to mitigate the dual burden of these conditions.
文摘The metabolic syndrome is common after liver transplant being present in approximately half of recipients. It has been associated with adverse outcomes such as progression of hepatitis C and major vascular events. As the United States population ages and the rate of obesity increases, prevention of the metabolic syndrome in the post-transplant population deserves special consideration. Currently, the metabolic syndrome after transplant appears at least two times more common than observed rates in the general population. Specific guidelines for patients after transplant does not exist, therefore prevention rests upon knowledge of risk factors and the presence of modifiable elements. The current article will focus on risk factors for the development of the metabolic syndrome after transplant, will highlight potentially modifiable factors and propose potential areas for intervention. As in the non-transplant population, behavioral choices might have a major role. Opportunities exist in this regard for health prevention studies incorporating lifestyle changes. Other factors such as the need for immunosuppression, and the changing characteristics of wait listed patients are not modifiable, but are important to know in order to identify persons at higher risk. Although immunosuppression after transplant is unavoidable, the contribution of different agents to the development of components of the metabolic syndrome is also discussed. Ultimately, an increased risk of the metabolic syndrome after transplant is likely unavoidable, however, there are many opportunities to reduce the prevalence.
