This article examines the study by Lin et al,which explores the effects of night sentry duties on cardiometabolic health in military personnel.The research identifies significant correlations between the frequency of ...This article examines the study by Lin et al,which explores the effects of night sentry duties on cardiometabolic health in military personnel.The research identifies significant correlations between the frequency of night shifts and nega-tive cardiometabolic outcomes,such as elevated resting pulse rates and lowered levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.These outcomes underscore the health risks linked to partial sleep deprivation,a common challenge in military environments.The editorial highlights the clinical significance of these findings,advocating for the implementation of targeted health interventions to mitigate these risks.Strategies such as structured sleep recovery programs and lifestyle modifications are recommended to improve the health management of military personnel engaged in nocturnal duties.By addressing these issues,military health management can better safeguard the well-being and operational readiness of its personnel.展开更多
As Chinese practitioners and scholars ponder the scope of fiduciary obligations under the country’s company law,this paper offers a comparative perspective from German law.Although German corporate law has not reject...As Chinese practitioners and scholars ponder the scope of fiduciary obligations under the country’s company law,this paper offers a comparative perspective from German law.Although German corporate law has not rejected legal transplants,the common law trust has never been accepted as an organizational device for administering third-party funds or doing business.Nonetheless,the German judiciary has developed a sophisticated concept of fiduciary obligations where the statutes remain silent.This paper explores the application of fiduciary obligations to limited partnerships,limited liability companies,and stock corporations.It takes a membership perspective to ascertain the legal relationships between a corporation and its shareholder-members and among fellow-shareholders,as business entities evolve from personalistic to capitalistic settings.Fiduciary obligations also inform the relationship between the corporation and its directors and corporate officers.Although German law does not classify directors and corporate officers as the shareholders’direct trustees,shareholders stand nonetheless to benefit from the way directors and corporate offices discharge their duties towards the respective corporate entities.Moreover,criminal law rules on embezzlement operate to protect the corporation and the monies it administers from overly risky business projects.展开更多
The paper is about how Lebanese auditors detect fraud in the course of their work and what they advise companies to implement in order to avoid fraudulent acts. For this purpose, various interviews were carded out fro...The paper is about how Lebanese auditors detect fraud in the course of their work and what they advise companies to implement in order to avoid fraudulent acts. For this purpose, various interviews were carded out from different experienced and well-reputed external auditors. This was also for their wide knowledge of all kinds of frauds. Data were taken from primary as well as secondary resources. The paper presents the theoretical and practical aspects. The theoretical part contains the accounting scandals, frauds, auditing processes, and auditor＇s responsibilities and tools for auditors to detect fraud. The practical part consists of case study analysis and detailed research processes.展开更多
This research aimed to study on the people and the local government. The samples were 395 respondents over 18 years old, selected locally of Mahasarakham Municipality, Thailand. The research found that the level of kn...This research aimed to study on the people and the local government. The samples were 395 respondents over 18 years old, selected locally of Mahasarakham Municipality, Thailand. The research found that the level of knowledge, understanding, and attitudes toward civic rights and duties of administrative affairs was at a high level but participation in the local administration was rated at a low level. The relationship between knowledge, understanding, and attitudes toward civic rights and duties of administrative affairs of the community was positive correlated. The relationship between knowledge and understanding toward civic rights and duties and participation in the community administration and the relationship between attitudes toward civic rights and duties in administrative affairs and participation in the local government administration were not correlated. Some recommendations were the local government organizations should promote and provide more information to build the right understandings and improve good attitudes toward civic rights and duties in administrative affairs. Local administrators and local leaders should play an important role to advocate and encourage public opinions toward a political ideology to ensure the public mind and make the vision ＂people-centered＂. Most importantly, the State shall pursue directive principles of State policies in relation to public participation.展开更多
By a State Council decision, effective on July 1, Chinais to impose specific duties on three import commodities including beer, and compound duties on two otherimport commodities including video player on an trial bas...By a State Council decision, effective on July 1, Chinais to impose specific duties on three import commodities including beer, and compound duties on two otherimport commodities including video player on an trial basis. As this is an unprecedented experiment in China, Office of the Customs Tariff Commission under the StateCouncil, and the Customs Tariff Department of the GeneralAdministration of Customs are carrying out public consultation on these trial policies. In order to give the public abetter idea concepts, characteristics and purposes of specific and compound duties, our reporter visited the officerin charge at Guangzhou Customs.展开更多
China’s foreign trade minister Shi Guangshengrecently promised that China will continue tolower its customs duties and establish an effective,flexible import coordination mechanism. By theyear 2005, the average impor...China’s foreign trade minister Shi Guangshengrecently promised that China will continue tolower its customs duties and establish an effective,flexible import coordination mechanism. By theyear 2005, the average import tariffs of industrialgoods will be cut to 10%. Currently, China’saverage import tariff is 17%. Non-tariff展开更多
Objective The use of lasers has been an important part of urology in the treatment of stone and prostate disease.The thermal effects of lasers in lithotripsy have been a subject of debate over the years.The objective ...Objective The use of lasers has been an important part of urology in the treatment of stone and prostate disease.The thermal effects of lasers in lithotripsy have been a subject of debate over the years.The objective of this review was to assess the current state of knowledge available on the thermal effects of lasers in lithotripsy,as well as explore any new areas where studies are needed.Methods In August 2022,a keyword search on Google Scholar,PubMed,and Scopus for all papers containing the phrases“thermal effects”AND“laser”AND“lithotripsy”AND“urology”was done followed by citation jumping to other studies pertaining to the topic and 35 relevant papers were included in our study.The data from relevant papers were segregated into five groups according to the factor studied and type of study,and tables were created for a comparison of data.Results Temperature above the threshold of 43℃ was reached only when the power was>40 W and when there was adequate irrigation(at least 15–30 mL/min).Shorter lasing time divided by lithotripsy time or operator duty cycles less than 70%also resulted in a smaller temperature rise.Conclusion At least eight factors modify the thermal effects of lasers,and most importantly,the use of chilled irrigation at higher perfusion rates,lower power settings of<40 W,and with a shorter operator duty cycle will help to prevent thermal injuries from occurring.Stones impacted in the ureter or pelvi-ureteric junction further increase the probability of thermal injuries during laser firing.展开更多
The integration of the digital economy with the traditional sales industry has prompted the robust growth of e-commerce.Live-streaming e-commerce,as a novel business model,has gained immense popularity.However,is⁃sues...The integration of the digital economy with the traditional sales industry has prompted the robust growth of e-commerce.Live-streaming e-commerce,as a novel business model,has gained immense popularity.However,is⁃sues of regulatory loopholes and inefficacy continue to surface.In live-streaming e-commerce,the head anchor,as host of the live-streaming rooms,wields significant influence in determining the goods to be showcased and marketed.Such influence expands risks such as infringement of intellectual property rights.Yet the uncertainty in law concerning the identity of head anchors results in a lack of accountability.Current norms are inadequate in constraining the group of head anchors.Drawing on the principles of risk control,the alignment between benefit and risk,and the theory of so⁃cial cost control,this paper argues that it is both justifiable and feasible to impose a duty to exercise reasonable care on head anchors.To effectively enshrine this duty in law,it is of great importance to redefine the mechanism of identifying the duty of care of head anchors in live-streaming e-commerce.In particular,the contents of the duty of care under⁃taken by head anchors and the consequences of breaching such a duty of care should be clarified.展开更多
Trust is the greatest and most distinctive achievement of English law,grown and developed over the passage of time,to meet new demands towards providing new solutions to problems,resulting in its widespread and invent...Trust is the greatest and most distinctive achievement of English law,grown and developed over the passage of time,to meet new demands towards providing new solutions to problems,resulting in its widespread and inventive use worldwide.Although the trust system was introduced by the enactment of a specialist Trust Law of the People's Republic of China in 2001,there is no significant growth in the use of the trust system in civic life.The personal fiduciary relationship between the settlor and trustee is the foundation of a trust.The trustee has an affirmative cquitable duty to act solely in the interest of the beneficiaries.Whether people can rely on the trust system and use it universally is highly dependent on a trustee's fiduciary duty.In the United States,thirty-four states and the District of Columbia have adopted some substantive provisions of the very valuable Uniform Trust Code(UTC).To promote the development and appropriate application of Chinese Trust Law,this article examines the differences between trustee obligations under the American UTC and Chinese Trust Law,and then proposes the amendment suggestion for Chinese Trust Law.This article consists of five parts.In addition to the Introduction,Part I of this article overviews the provisions of a trustee's fiduciary duties in Chinese Trust Law.PartⅡdiscusses and compares the differences and similarities on trustee's fiduciary duties in Chinese Trust Law and the UTC.Part Ⅲ explores the comparative consideration of a trustee's fiduciary duties,and provides the proposals for legal reform.Finally,this article brings forward a brief conclusion.展开更多
Enterprises are the primary entities responsible for the multi-governance of climate risks.Nevertheless,the obligations and duty performance systems for directors,as outlined in the new Company Law of the People’s Re...Enterprises are the primary entities responsible for the multi-governance of climate risks.Nevertheless,the obligations and duty performance systems for directors,as outlined in the new Company Law of the People’s Republic of China(the new Company Law),fall short of adequately addressing the internal demands necessary for effectively managing climate risks.Therefore,it is essential to enhance these systems by incorporating specific duties for directors related to climate issues.The accountability of directors for a company’s liability regarding damages caused by climate change is rooted in the evolving purpose of China’s Company Law,the directors’duty of diligence,and the practical demand for emission reduction.Pursuant to the directors’duties set forth by the Company Law,directors’climate responsibilities mainly include two aspects:diligence and loyalty.Diligence primarily involves the total or partial failure to consider and manage foreseeable significant climate risks.Loyalty pertains to the intentional neglect of significant climate-related risks or to decision-making that does not align with the principle of maximizing the company’s interests.To enforce directors’climate responsibilities,it is necessary to introduce provisions within the Company Law that address directors’duties to control climate risks and establish appropriate compensatory measures.Furthermore,developing evidence standards for directors’liability and overcoming the limitations associated with the objects of directors’fiduciary duties is crucial.In light of the“dual carbon”goals and the foreseeability of significant financial risks posed by climate change,directors are obliged to integrate climate change considerations into corporate strategy,supervision,and disclosure,thereby contributing to the restructure of the regulatory framework governing directors’responsibilities towards green and low-carbon transformation.展开更多
Air conditioning(AC)is essential for maintaining indoor comfort during Taiwan region’s hot and humid summers but significantly contributes to increased energy consumption.This study evaluates the effects of AC dutycy...Air conditioning(AC)is essential for maintaining indoor comfort during Taiwan region’s hot and humid summers but significantly contributes to increased energy consumption.This study evaluates the effects of AC dutycycling strategies on energy performance,thermal comfort,and operational costs in office environments.Duty-cycling was implemented using a building energy management system(BEMS),which remotely controlled the ON/OFF cycles of AC units.Five duty-cycling modes were tested,with some modes incorporating air circulation during OFF periods.Field measurements of energy consumption,temperature,humidity,and air velocity were conducted and integrated with thermal comfort analysis tools to calculate predictedmean vote(PMV)and percentage of dissatisfied(PPD)values.The objective was to achieve energy savings while maintaining acceptable thermal comfort levels.Results show that Mode A achieved the highest energy savings,reducing monthly consumption by 40.79%;however,it slightly exceeded the PMV threshold(+0.5)and recorded a PPD greater than 10%,indicating reduced occupant comfort.In contrast,Mode C provided a better balance,achieving a 27.61%reduction in energy consumption while maintaining a PMV of+0.28 and a PPD of 7.49%,both within acceptable comfort limits.Despite the energy-saving benefits,not all dutycycling modes ensured satisfactory thermal comfort.Additionally,the cost analysis revealed thatMode A achieved the lowest monthly electricity cost(NTD 8476.18/USD 263.38),whileMode C incurred a higher cost(NTD 10,363.00/USD 322.01),highlighting the trade-off between energy savings,comfort,and economic impact.展开更多
New Policy to Boost Consumption Chinese authorities on 30 October issued a notice regarding improvements to the policies of duty-free shops aimed at boosting consumption.Effective on 1 November,the policies aim to enc...New Policy to Boost Consumption Chinese authorities on 30 October issued a notice regarding improvements to the policies of duty-free shops aimed at boosting consumption.Effective on 1 November,the policies aim to encourage consumers to shop domestically,according to the notice jointly issued by the Ministry of Finance and four other departments.展开更多
This editorial explores the significant cardiometabolic outcomes of nocturnal sentry duty and its broader implications for other professions with overnight work.Highlighting the paradox of essential nighttime labor an...This editorial explores the significant cardiometabolic outcomes of nocturnal sentry duty and its broader implications for other professions with overnight work.Highlighting the paradox of essential nighttime labor and its adverse physiological effects,we discuss how occupations like healthcare,hospitality,and emergency services are similarly affected.The study by Lin et al provides critical insights into these dynamics and lays the groundwork for understanding nocturnal duty’s multifaceted impact on human health.展开更多
This paper explores the dimensions of Artificial Intelligence Law and Breach of Fiduciary duty when using AI research models.The paper also explores Artificial Intelligence in the international realm providing a basis...This paper explores the dimensions of Artificial Intelligence Law and Breach of Fiduciary duty when using AI research models.The paper also explores Artificial Intelligence in the international realm providing a basis for educating international firms.Reading this paper is worth your time because:(1)you will learn about copyrights and artificial intelligence;(2)you will also learn about artificial intelligence and the fascinating developments in money and banking;(3)you will read about the best practices in the disciplines,and international firm concerns and applications of U.S.AI dispositions.This paper will give you parameters so that one may navigate the legal landscape to help you plan and avoid the courts.As we all know,inflation is prevalent,and the best use of resources is essential to stay in business avoiding closure.Those firms domestic and global,who are not aware of the dangers suffer the perils that follow poor resource management practices.Our corporate psychologists and organizational managers heartily agree.展开更多
The non-aqueous solid-liquid biphasic solvent of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol(AMP)/piperazine(PZ)/dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether(DME)features a high CO_(2)absorption loading,favorable phase separation behavior and h...The non-aqueous solid-liquid biphasic solvent of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol(AMP)/piperazine(PZ)/dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether(DME)features a high CO_(2)absorption loading,favorable phase separation behavior and high regeneration efficiency.Different with the liquid-liquid phase change solvent,the reaction kinetics of CO_(2)capture into solid-liquid biphasic solvent was rarely studied.In the present work,the reaction kinetics of CO_(2)absorption into AMP/PZ/DME solid-liquid biphasic solvent was investigated into the double stirred kettle reactor.The absorption reaction followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic model according to the zwitterion mechanism.The overall reaction rate constant(kov)and the enhancement factor(E)of CO_(2)absorption both increased with increasing temperature.The total mass transfer resistance of the absorbent decreased with increasing temperature and increased with increasing absorption loading,so the higher reaction temperature was conducive to the absorption,and the liquid phase mass transfer resistance was the main factor affecting the absorption rate.展开更多
To achieve high power rating and low current harmonics of motor drive,this paper develops a dual three-phase open-winding permanent magnet synchronous motor(DTP-OW-PMSM)drive with the DC-link voltage ratio of 2:1:1.Ba...To achieve high power rating and low current harmonics of motor drive,this paper develops a dual three-phase open-winding permanent magnet synchronous motor(DTP-OW-PMSM)drive with the DC-link voltage ratio of 2:1:1.Based on this topology,this paper proposes a DTP four-level space vector pulse width modulation(DTP-FL SVPWM)strategy.First,two identical three-phase four-level space vector diagrams are constructed and divided.Then,three adjacent vectors nearest to the reference vector in each diagram are selected for the vector synthesis to guarantee high modulation precision and low switching frequency.Furthermore,to avoid the modulation error caused by the voltage deviation,the proposed DTP-FL SVPWM strategy is further optimized through unified duty ratio compensation(UDRC).The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified through experiments.展开更多
The EU has imposed a provisional anti-dumping duty on high tenacity yarn of polyesters from China on Jun. 2. Overseas crisis-fighting measures such as anti-dumping action, are up sharply in recent years. Chinese suppl...The EU has imposed a provisional anti-dumping duty on high tenacity yarn of polyesters from China on Jun. 2. Overseas crisis-fighting measures such as anti-dumping action, are up sharply in recent years. Chinese suppliers have to live with a challenging production environment展开更多
BACKGROUND Sleep deprivation can lead to increased body weight and blood pressure(BP),but the latent effects of partial sleep deprivation related to required night sentry duties within a short-term period on cardiomet...BACKGROUND Sleep deprivation can lead to increased body weight and blood pressure(BP),but the latent effects of partial sleep deprivation related to required night sentry duties within a short-term period on cardiometabolic characteristic changes in military personnel are unclear.AIM To investigate the association between night sentry duty frequency in the past 3 months and cardiometabolic characteristics in armed forces personnel.METHODS A total of 867 armed forces personnel who were aged 18-39 years and did not take any antihypertensive medications in Taiwan in 2020 were included.The frequency of night sentry duty was self-reported via a questionnaire(average number of night sentry shifts per month for the past 3 months).Hemodynamic status was assessed via the resting BP and pulse rate(PR).Cardiometabolic risk factors were defined according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria.Multivariable linear regression analyses of the associations between night sentry duties and PR,BP,and other metabolic syndrome(MetS)marker levels were performed,with adjustments for age,sex,substance use,body mass index and aerobic fitness.Multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the associations between night sentry duties and the prevalence of each MetS feature.展开更多
基金Supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education,No.NRF-RS-2023-00237287.
文摘This article examines the study by Lin et al,which explores the effects of night sentry duties on cardiometabolic health in military personnel.The research identifies significant correlations between the frequency of night shifts and nega-tive cardiometabolic outcomes,such as elevated resting pulse rates and lowered levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.These outcomes underscore the health risks linked to partial sleep deprivation,a common challenge in military environments.The editorial highlights the clinical significance of these findings,advocating for the implementation of targeted health interventions to mitigate these risks.Strategies such as structured sleep recovery programs and lifestyle modifications are recommended to improve the health management of military personnel engaged in nocturnal duties.By addressing these issues,military health management can better safeguard the well-being and operational readiness of its personnel.
文摘As Chinese practitioners and scholars ponder the scope of fiduciary obligations under the country’s company law,this paper offers a comparative perspective from German law.Although German corporate law has not rejected legal transplants,the common law trust has never been accepted as an organizational device for administering third-party funds or doing business.Nonetheless,the German judiciary has developed a sophisticated concept of fiduciary obligations where the statutes remain silent.This paper explores the application of fiduciary obligations to limited partnerships,limited liability companies,and stock corporations.It takes a membership perspective to ascertain the legal relationships between a corporation and its shareholder-members and among fellow-shareholders,as business entities evolve from personalistic to capitalistic settings.Fiduciary obligations also inform the relationship between the corporation and its directors and corporate officers.Although German law does not classify directors and corporate officers as the shareholders’direct trustees,shareholders stand nonetheless to benefit from the way directors and corporate offices discharge their duties towards the respective corporate entities.Moreover,criminal law rules on embezzlement operate to protect the corporation and the monies it administers from overly risky business projects.
文摘The paper is about how Lebanese auditors detect fraud in the course of their work and what they advise companies to implement in order to avoid fraudulent acts. For this purpose, various interviews were carded out from different experienced and well-reputed external auditors. This was also for their wide knowledge of all kinds of frauds. Data were taken from primary as well as secondary resources. The paper presents the theoretical and practical aspects. The theoretical part contains the accounting scandals, frauds, auditing processes, and auditor＇s responsibilities and tools for auditors to detect fraud. The practical part consists of case study analysis and detailed research processes.
文摘This research aimed to study on the people and the local government. The samples were 395 respondents over 18 years old, selected locally of Mahasarakham Municipality, Thailand. The research found that the level of knowledge, understanding, and attitudes toward civic rights and duties of administrative affairs was at a high level but participation in the local administration was rated at a low level. The relationship between knowledge, understanding, and attitudes toward civic rights and duties of administrative affairs of the community was positive correlated. The relationship between knowledge and understanding toward civic rights and duties and participation in the community administration and the relationship between attitudes toward civic rights and duties in administrative affairs and participation in the local government administration were not correlated. Some recommendations were the local government organizations should promote and provide more information to build the right understandings and improve good attitudes toward civic rights and duties in administrative affairs. Local administrators and local leaders should play an important role to advocate and encourage public opinions toward a political ideology to ensure the public mind and make the vision ＂people-centered＂. Most importantly, the State shall pursue directive principles of State policies in relation to public participation.
文摘By a State Council decision, effective on July 1, Chinais to impose specific duties on three import commodities including beer, and compound duties on two otherimport commodities including video player on an trial basis. As this is an unprecedented experiment in China, Office of the Customs Tariff Commission under the StateCouncil, and the Customs Tariff Department of the GeneralAdministration of Customs are carrying out public consultation on these trial policies. In order to give the public abetter idea concepts, characteristics and purposes of specific and compound duties, our reporter visited the officerin charge at Guangzhou Customs.
文摘China’s foreign trade minister Shi Guangshengrecently promised that China will continue tolower its customs duties and establish an effective,flexible import coordination mechanism. By theyear 2005, the average import tariffs of industrialgoods will be cut to 10%. Currently, China’saverage import tariff is 17%. Non-tariff
文摘Objective The use of lasers has been an important part of urology in the treatment of stone and prostate disease.The thermal effects of lasers in lithotripsy have been a subject of debate over the years.The objective of this review was to assess the current state of knowledge available on the thermal effects of lasers in lithotripsy,as well as explore any new areas where studies are needed.Methods In August 2022,a keyword search on Google Scholar,PubMed,and Scopus for all papers containing the phrases“thermal effects”AND“laser”AND“lithotripsy”AND“urology”was done followed by citation jumping to other studies pertaining to the topic and 35 relevant papers were included in our study.The data from relevant papers were segregated into five groups according to the factor studied and type of study,and tables were created for a comparison of data.Results Temperature above the threshold of 43℃ was reached only when the power was>40 W and when there was adequate irrigation(at least 15–30 mL/min).Shorter lasing time divided by lithotripsy time or operator duty cycles less than 70%also resulted in a smaller temperature rise.Conclusion At least eight factors modify the thermal effects of lasers,and most importantly,the use of chilled irrigation at higher perfusion rates,lower power settings of<40 W,and with a shorter operator duty cycle will help to prevent thermal injuries from occurring.Stones impacted in the ureter or pelvi-ureteric junction further increase the probability of thermal injuries during laser firing.
文摘The integration of the digital economy with the traditional sales industry has prompted the robust growth of e-commerce.Live-streaming e-commerce,as a novel business model,has gained immense popularity.However,is⁃sues of regulatory loopholes and inefficacy continue to surface.In live-streaming e-commerce,the head anchor,as host of the live-streaming rooms,wields significant influence in determining the goods to be showcased and marketed.Such influence expands risks such as infringement of intellectual property rights.Yet the uncertainty in law concerning the identity of head anchors results in a lack of accountability.Current norms are inadequate in constraining the group of head anchors.Drawing on the principles of risk control,the alignment between benefit and risk,and the theory of so⁃cial cost control,this paper argues that it is both justifiable and feasible to impose a duty to exercise reasonable care on head anchors.To effectively enshrine this duty in law,it is of great importance to redefine the mechanism of identifying the duty of care of head anchors in live-streaming e-commerce.In particular,the contents of the duty of care under⁃taken by head anchors and the consequences of breaching such a duty of care should be clarified.
文摘Trust is the greatest and most distinctive achievement of English law,grown and developed over the passage of time,to meet new demands towards providing new solutions to problems,resulting in its widespread and inventive use worldwide.Although the trust system was introduced by the enactment of a specialist Trust Law of the People's Republic of China in 2001,there is no significant growth in the use of the trust system in civic life.The personal fiduciary relationship between the settlor and trustee is the foundation of a trust.The trustee has an affirmative cquitable duty to act solely in the interest of the beneficiaries.Whether people can rely on the trust system and use it universally is highly dependent on a trustee's fiduciary duty.In the United States,thirty-four states and the District of Columbia have adopted some substantive provisions of the very valuable Uniform Trust Code(UTC).To promote the development and appropriate application of Chinese Trust Law,this article examines the differences between trustee obligations under the American UTC and Chinese Trust Law,and then proposes the amendment suggestion for Chinese Trust Law.This article consists of five parts.In addition to the Introduction,Part I of this article overviews the provisions of a trustee's fiduciary duties in Chinese Trust Law.PartⅡdiscusses and compares the differences and similarities on trustee's fiduciary duties in Chinese Trust Law and the UTC.Part Ⅲ explores the comparative consideration of a trustee's fiduciary duties,and provides the proposals for legal reform.Finally,this article brings forward a brief conclusion.
基金funded by“Research on the Implementation and Compliance Mechanism of the Paris Agreement under the New Situation of International Climate Governance”(18SFB3047)a Young and Middle-aged Scholar Project of the Ministry of Justice.
文摘Enterprises are the primary entities responsible for the multi-governance of climate risks.Nevertheless,the obligations and duty performance systems for directors,as outlined in the new Company Law of the People’s Republic of China(the new Company Law),fall short of adequately addressing the internal demands necessary for effectively managing climate risks.Therefore,it is essential to enhance these systems by incorporating specific duties for directors related to climate issues.The accountability of directors for a company’s liability regarding damages caused by climate change is rooted in the evolving purpose of China’s Company Law,the directors’duty of diligence,and the practical demand for emission reduction.Pursuant to the directors’duties set forth by the Company Law,directors’climate responsibilities mainly include two aspects:diligence and loyalty.Diligence primarily involves the total or partial failure to consider and manage foreseeable significant climate risks.Loyalty pertains to the intentional neglect of significant climate-related risks or to decision-making that does not align with the principle of maximizing the company’s interests.To enforce directors’climate responsibilities,it is necessary to introduce provisions within the Company Law that address directors’duties to control climate risks and establish appropriate compensatory measures.Furthermore,developing evidence standards for directors’liability and overcoming the limitations associated with the objects of directors’fiduciary duties is crucial.In light of the“dual carbon”goals and the foreseeability of significant financial risks posed by climate change,directors are obliged to integrate climate change considerations into corporate strategy,supervision,and disclosure,thereby contributing to the restructure of the regulatory framework governing directors’responsibilities towards green and low-carbon transformation.
基金financial support by the National Science and Technology Council under grant no.NSTC 112-2221-E-167-017-MY3.
文摘Air conditioning(AC)is essential for maintaining indoor comfort during Taiwan region’s hot and humid summers but significantly contributes to increased energy consumption.This study evaluates the effects of AC dutycycling strategies on energy performance,thermal comfort,and operational costs in office environments.Duty-cycling was implemented using a building energy management system(BEMS),which remotely controlled the ON/OFF cycles of AC units.Five duty-cycling modes were tested,with some modes incorporating air circulation during OFF periods.Field measurements of energy consumption,temperature,humidity,and air velocity were conducted and integrated with thermal comfort analysis tools to calculate predictedmean vote(PMV)and percentage of dissatisfied(PPD)values.The objective was to achieve energy savings while maintaining acceptable thermal comfort levels.Results show that Mode A achieved the highest energy savings,reducing monthly consumption by 40.79%;however,it slightly exceeded the PMV threshold(+0.5)and recorded a PPD greater than 10%,indicating reduced occupant comfort.In contrast,Mode C provided a better balance,achieving a 27.61%reduction in energy consumption while maintaining a PMV of+0.28 and a PPD of 7.49%,both within acceptable comfort limits.Despite the energy-saving benefits,not all dutycycling modes ensured satisfactory thermal comfort.Additionally,the cost analysis revealed thatMode A achieved the lowest monthly electricity cost(NTD 8476.18/USD 263.38),whileMode C incurred a higher cost(NTD 10,363.00/USD 322.01),highlighting the trade-off between energy savings,comfort,and economic impact.
文摘New Policy to Boost Consumption Chinese authorities on 30 October issued a notice regarding improvements to the policies of duty-free shops aimed at boosting consumption.Effective on 1 November,the policies aim to encourage consumers to shop domestically,according to the notice jointly issued by the Ministry of Finance and four other departments.
文摘This editorial explores the significant cardiometabolic outcomes of nocturnal sentry duty and its broader implications for other professions with overnight work.Highlighting the paradox of essential nighttime labor and its adverse physiological effects,we discuss how occupations like healthcare,hospitality,and emergency services are similarly affected.The study by Lin et al provides critical insights into these dynamics and lays the groundwork for understanding nocturnal duty’s multifaceted impact on human health.
文摘This paper explores the dimensions of Artificial Intelligence Law and Breach of Fiduciary duty when using AI research models.The paper also explores Artificial Intelligence in the international realm providing a basis for educating international firms.Reading this paper is worth your time because:(1)you will learn about copyrights and artificial intelligence;(2)you will also learn about artificial intelligence and the fascinating developments in money and banking;(3)you will read about the best practices in the disciplines,and international firm concerns and applications of U.S.AI dispositions.This paper will give you parameters so that one may navigate the legal landscape to help you plan and avoid the courts.As we all know,inflation is prevalent,and the best use of resources is essential to stay in business avoiding closure.Those firms domestic and global,who are not aware of the dangers suffer the perils that follow poor resource management practices.Our corporate psychologists and organizational managers heartily agree.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22276064)the Youth Innovation Grant of Xiamen,Fujian Province(No.3502Z20206006)+1 种基金the MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization(No.KLRE-KF202205)Fujian Science and Technology Project(No.2022Y3007).
文摘The non-aqueous solid-liquid biphasic solvent of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol(AMP)/piperazine(PZ)/dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether(DME)features a high CO_(2)absorption loading,favorable phase separation behavior and high regeneration efficiency.Different with the liquid-liquid phase change solvent,the reaction kinetics of CO_(2)capture into solid-liquid biphasic solvent was rarely studied.In the present work,the reaction kinetics of CO_(2)absorption into AMP/PZ/DME solid-liquid biphasic solvent was investigated into the double stirred kettle reactor.The absorption reaction followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic model according to the zwitterion mechanism.The overall reaction rate constant(kov)and the enhancement factor(E)of CO_(2)absorption both increased with increasing temperature.The total mass transfer resistance of the absorbent decreased with increasing temperature and increased with increasing absorption loading,so the higher reaction temperature was conducive to the absorption,and the liquid phase mass transfer resistance was the main factor affecting the absorption rate.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62303333in part by the Project of Hetao Shenzhen-Hong Kong Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Zone under Grant HZQB-KCZYB-2020083.
文摘To achieve high power rating and low current harmonics of motor drive,this paper develops a dual three-phase open-winding permanent magnet synchronous motor(DTP-OW-PMSM)drive with the DC-link voltage ratio of 2:1:1.Based on this topology,this paper proposes a DTP four-level space vector pulse width modulation(DTP-FL SVPWM)strategy.First,two identical three-phase four-level space vector diagrams are constructed and divided.Then,three adjacent vectors nearest to the reference vector in each diagram are selected for the vector synthesis to guarantee high modulation precision and low switching frequency.Furthermore,to avoid the modulation error caused by the voltage deviation,the proposed DTP-FL SVPWM strategy is further optimized through unified duty ratio compensation(UDRC).The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified through experiments.
文摘The EU has imposed a provisional anti-dumping duty on high tenacity yarn of polyesters from China on Jun. 2. Overseas crisis-fighting measures such as anti-dumping action, are up sharply in recent years. Chinese suppliers have to live with a challenging production environment
基金Supported by Medical Affairs Bureau Ministry of National Defense,No.MND-MAB-D-113200Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital,No.HAFGH-D-113008.
文摘BACKGROUND Sleep deprivation can lead to increased body weight and blood pressure(BP),but the latent effects of partial sleep deprivation related to required night sentry duties within a short-term period on cardiometabolic characteristic changes in military personnel are unclear.AIM To investigate the association between night sentry duty frequency in the past 3 months and cardiometabolic characteristics in armed forces personnel.METHODS A total of 867 armed forces personnel who were aged 18-39 years and did not take any antihypertensive medications in Taiwan in 2020 were included.The frequency of night sentry duty was self-reported via a questionnaire(average number of night sentry shifts per month for the past 3 months).Hemodynamic status was assessed via the resting BP and pulse rate(PR).Cardiometabolic risk factors were defined according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria.Multivariable linear regression analyses of the associations between night sentry duties and PR,BP,and other metabolic syndrome(MetS)marker levels were performed,with adjustments for age,sex,substance use,body mass index and aerobic fitness.Multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the associations between night sentry duties and the prevalence of each MetS feature.
