Strong Coulombic repulsion in small doubly charged molecular ions usually leads to fragmentation.Some of these ions,such as CO_(2)^(++),could survive and be detected if they are stable or metastable in energetics,but ...Strong Coulombic repulsion in small doubly charged molecular ions usually leads to fragmentation.Some of these ions,such as CO_(2)^(++),could survive and be detected if they are stable or metastable in energetics,but how to produce these observable doubly charged ions is a puzzling issue.Here we investigate CO_(2)^(++)production by electron-impact ionization with a supersonic molecular beam of CO_(2)under different nozzle pressures,using time-of-flight mass spectrometry measurements and ab initio calculations.The mass spectral profile of CO_(2)^(++)varies slightly with the nozzle pressure,implying different mechanisms of the ion production.The calculations indicate that the ground state of CO_(2)^(++)is 3Aʺwith a nonlinear conformation,while the linear conformer is in the first excited state 1Δ_(g).We further suggest that,besides CO_(2)^(++)(1Δ_(g))produced from CO_(2),CO_(2)^(++)(3Aʺ)could be produced by the dissociation of doubly charged dimer(C2O4^(++))in a repulsive triplet state.展开更多
With increasing the number of wind power generators,the consumption time of electromagnetic simulation of the wind farm explodes.To reduce the simulation time while meeting the accuracy requirement,a genetic clusterin...With increasing the number of wind power generators,the consumption time of electromagnetic simulation of the wind farm explodes.To reduce the simulation time while meeting the accuracy requirement,a genetic clustering-based equivalent model is proposed for the wind farm with numerous doubly fed induction generators.In the proposed model,active power together with the reactive power and the wind speed are selected to form the set of clustering indicators.A normalization technique is utilized to cope with the multiple orders of magnitude in these factors.An exponential fitness value is formulated as a function of the sorting number of the primary fitness value,and the fitness-based selection probability is constructed to overcome the property of premature and slow convergence of the genetic clustering algorithm.The sum of squares due to error is used to determine the optimal clustering number.In addition,a decoupled parameter equivalence method is adopted to obtain the equivalent parameters of the collection network.Simulation results and comparisons with various methods under different voltage scenarios show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model.展开更多
The orthogonal time frequency space(OTFS)modulation proposed in recent years is considered to have superior performance than orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM)for the doubly selective(DS)channels.The wor...The orthogonal time frequency space(OTFS)modulation proposed in recent years is considered to have superior performance than orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM)for the doubly selective(DS)channels.The works in the existing literature on OTFS mainly focus on the cases where the channels are underspread(i.e.,the product of the delay spread and the Doppler spread is less than 1).In the scenario of overspread DS channel,which has large delay spread and severe Doppler spread,such as underwater acoustic(UWA)channel,the channel model in delay-Doppler(DD)Domain derived by existing work is no longer applicable.In this paper,we derive a more generalized expression of the channel model in delay-Doppler domain,which allows the product of the delay spread and Doppler spread to be larger than1.The result shows that the existing channel model is just a special case of the one we proposed.Using the proposed channel matrix in DD domain,we build the OTFS detectors with the minimum mean square error(MMSE)and message passing(MP)algorithms on overspread doubly selective channel.Finally,simulation results are presented to verify the theoretical derivation and the effectiveness of the detectors.展开更多
Curved shells are increasingly utilized in applied engineering due to their shared characteristics with other sandwich structures,flexibility,and attractive appearance.However,the inability of controlling and regulati...Curved shells are increasingly utilized in applied engineering due to their shared characteristics with other sandwich structures,flexibility,and attractive appearance.However,the inability of controlling and regulating vibrations and destroying them afterward is a challenge to scientists.In this paper,the curve shell equations and a linear quadratic regulator are adopted for the state feedback design to manage the structure vibrations in state space forms.A five-layer sandwich doubly curved micro-composite shell,comprising two piezoelectric layers for the sensor and actuator,is modeled by the fourth-order shear deformation theory.The core(honeycomb,truss,and corrugated)is analyzed for the bearing of transverse shear forces.The results show that the honeycomb core has a greater effect on the vibrations.When the parameters related to the core and the weight percentage of graphene increase,the frequency increases.The uniform distribution of graphene platelets results in the lowest natural frequency while the natural frequency increases.Furthermore,without taking into account the piezoelectric layers,the third-order shear deformation theory(TSDT)and fourth-order shear deformation theory(FOSDT)align closely.However,when the piezoelectric layers are incorporated,these two theories diverge significantly,with the frequencies in the FOSDT being lower than those in the TSDT.展开更多
The present work investigates higher order stress,strain and deformation analyses of a shear deformable doubly curved shell manufactures by a Copper(Cu)core reinforced with graphene origami auxetic metamaterial subjec...The present work investigates higher order stress,strain and deformation analyses of a shear deformable doubly curved shell manufactures by a Copper(Cu)core reinforced with graphene origami auxetic metamaterial subjected to mechanical and thermal loads.The effective material properties of the graphene origami auxetic reinforced Cu matrix are developed using micromechanical models cooperate both material properties of graphene and Cu in terms of temperature,volume fraction and folding degree.The principle of virtual work is used to derive governing equations with accounting thermal loading.The numerical results are analytically obtained using Navier's technique to investigate impact of significant parameters such as thermal loading,graphene amount,folding degree and directional coordinate on the stress,strain and deformation responses of the structure.The graphene origami materials may be used in aerospace vehicles and structures and defence technology because of their low weight and high stiffness.A verification study is presented for approving the formulation,solution methodology and numerical results.展开更多
To develop efficient sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs),we recently reported doubly concerted companion(DCC)dye XW83 with a wrapped porphyrin sub-dye unit linked to an organic sub-dye unit through a fle...To develop efficient sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs),we recently reported doubly concerted companion(DCC)dye XW83 with a wrapped porphyrin sub-dye unit linked to an organic sub-dye unit through a flexible chain,which exhibits panchromatic absorption and excellent anti-aggregation ability.To further improve the absorption,we herein report XW87 and XW88 by inserting an ethynyl group into the organic sub-dye unit of XW83 near the donor and acceptor,respectively.For the corresponding organic dyes Z3 and Z4,the introduced ethynyl group improves their absorption,but induces aggravated charge recombination,leading to lowered power conversion efficiencies(PCEs).Similar to the organic dyes,the introduced ethynyl group improves the absorption of DCC dyes XW87 and XW88 as well.In addition,the ethynyl group near the acceptor of the organic sub-dye unit can be well protected by the long wrapping chains from the porphyrin unit.As a result,XW88 affords the highest JSC(21.84 mA/cm^(2)),V_(OC)(782 mV)and PCE(12.2%)among the DCC dyes.These results provide an effective method for developing efficient DSSC dyes by inserting an ethynyl group at a suitable position of a DCC dye.展开更多
This article proposes a dual-negative-objective coordinated control strategy for brushless doubly fed induction generator(BDFIG)based wind power generation system under unbalanced grid voltage.To alleviate the mechani...This article proposes a dual-negative-objective coordinated control strategy for brushless doubly fed induction generator(BDFIG)based wind power generation system under unbalanced grid voltage.To alleviate the mechanical stress and impaction on rotating shaft,the negative control objective(NCO)of machine side converter(MSC)is set to suppress the ripple of electromagnetic torque.While the NCO of grid side converter(GSC)is selected to suppress the oscillation of total output active power or the unbalanced degree of total output current for BDFIG generation system.In comparison with traditional single converter control scheme of the MSC or GSC,dual NCOs can be satisfied at the same time due to the enlarged freedom degree in the proposed improved coordinated control system for back-toback converters.The effectiveness of proposed control strategy is validated by simulation and experimental results on a dual-cagerotor BDFIG(DCR-BDFIG)prototype.展开更多
Enhancing the security of the wireless communication is necessary to guarantee the reliable of the data transmission, due to the broadcast nature of wireless channels. In this paper, we provide a novel technology refe...Enhancing the security of the wireless communication is necessary to guarantee the reliable of the data transmission, due to the broadcast nature of wireless channels. In this paper, we provide a novel technology referred to as doubly multiple parameters weighted fractional Fourier transform(DMWFRFT), which can strengthen the physical layer security of wireless communication. This paper introduces the concept of DM-WFRFT based on multiple parameters WFRFT(MP-WFRFT), and then presents its four properties. Based on these properties, the parameters decryption probability is analyzed in terms of the number of parameters. The number of parameters for DM-WFRFT is more than that of the MP-WFRFT,which indicates that the proposed scheme can further strengthen the the physical layer security. Lastly, some numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate that the efficiency of proposed DM-WFRFT is related to preventing eavesdropping, and the effect of parameters variety on the system performance is associated with the bit error ratio(BER).展开更多
A more accurate analysis method on working modes is proposed by considering the winding terminal voltage and the eondueting power device as state parameters. For the three-phase hybrid excitation doubly salient machi...A more accurate analysis method on working modes is proposed by considering the winding terminal voltage and the eondueting power device as state parameters. For the three-phase hybrid excitation doubly salient machine （HEDSM） motor and its three-phase full-bridge inverter, in the proposed analytical method, all possible working modes are generally listed. Then, with the H_PWM-L_ON control strategy, the working modes are detailed with eorresponding equivalent circuits. Experimental results verify the robustness of the analysis.展开更多
The three-phase bridge inverter is used as the converter topology in the power controller for a 9 kW doubly salient permanent magnet （DSPM） motor. Compared with common three-phase bridge inverters, the proposed inve...The three-phase bridge inverter is used as the converter topology in the power controller for a 9 kW doubly salient permanent magnet （DSPM） motor. Compared with common three-phase bridge inverters, the proposed inverter works under more complicated conditions with different principles for special winding back EMFs, position signals of hall sensors, and the given mode of switches. The ideal steady driving principles of the inverter for the motor are given. The working state with asymmetric winding back EMFs, inaccurate position signals of hall sensors, and the changing input voltage is analyzed. Finally, experimental results vertify that the given anal ysis is correct.展开更多
The biharmonicity of the product map Φ2=φ×ψ and the two generalized projections φ-and ψ-are analyzed. Some results are obtained, that is, Φ2 is a proper biharmonic map if and only if b is a non-constant sol...The biharmonicity of the product map Φ2=φ×ψ and the two generalized projections φ-and ψ-are analyzed. Some results are obtained, that is, Φ2 is a proper biharmonic map if and only if b is a non-constant solution of -1/f2 Jφ（dφ（grad（lnb）））＋n/2 grad｜dφ（grad（lnb））｜2=0 and f is a non-constant solution of -1/b2Jψ（dψ（grad（lnf）））＋m/2grad｜dψ（grad（lnf））｜2=0, and Φ2=φ×ψ is a proper biharmonic map if and only if φ-and ψ-are proper biharmonic maps.展开更多
This paper addresses sparse channels estimation problem for the generalized linear models(GLM)in the orthogonal time frequency space(OTFS)underwater acoustic(UWA)system.OTFS works in the delay-Doppler domain,where tim...This paper addresses sparse channels estimation problem for the generalized linear models(GLM)in the orthogonal time frequency space(OTFS)underwater acoustic(UWA)system.OTFS works in the delay-Doppler domain,where timevarying channels are characterized as delay-Doppler impulse responses.In fact,a typical doubly spread UWA channel is associated with several resolvable paths,which exhibits a structured sparsity in the delayDoppler domain.To leverage the structured sparsity of the doubly spread UWA channel,we develop a structured sparsity-based generalized approximated message passing(GAMP)algorithm for reliable channel estimation in quantized OTFS systems.The proposed algorithm has a lower computational complexity compared to the conventional Bayesian algorithm.In addition,the expectation maximum algorithm is employed to learn the sparsity ratio and the noise variance.Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has superior performance and low computational complexity for quantized OTFS systems.展开更多
Objective Doubly labeled water （DLW） method is the gold standard for measuring total energy expenditure （TEE）. We used this method to measure TEE in Chinese young men. Methods Sixteen healthy young men age 23±...Objective Doubly labeled water （DLW） method is the gold standard for measuring total energy expenditure （TEE）. We used this method to measure TEE in Chinese young men. Methods Sixteen healthy young men age 23±1 recruited. TEE was measured by the DLW method, by indirect calorimetry. We also conducted 24-h estimate energy requirements of the subjects. years with body mass index 22.0±1.4 kg/m2 were and basal energy expenditure （BEE） was determined activity, energy balance and factorial approach to Results TEE of subjects by DLW method was 9.45±0.57 M J/day （2258±180 kcal/day）. The 24-h activity was 10.80±0.33 M J/day （2582±136 kcal/day）. The energy requirement, derived from energy balance observations, was 9.93±1.32 M J/day （2373±315 kcal/day）. The BEE of 6.65±0.28 M J/day （1589±67 kcal/day）, calculated by the adjusted Schofield equation, was significantly higher （P〈O.O01） than that measured by indirect calorimetry, 5.99-±0.66 M J/day （1433-±158 kcal/day）. The TEE derived from the factorial approach was 10.31-±0.43 M J/day （2463±104 kcal/day）. Conclusion The TEE of Chinese young men measured by the DLW method was about 10% lower than the current recommended nutrient intake （RNI）, suggesting that the RNI for Chinese men maybe overestimated. Further studies are warranted to determine the value of the estimated energy requirement.展开更多
Let （M1, F1） and （M2, F2） be two strongly pseudoconvex complex Finsler man- ifolds. The doubly wraped product complex Finsler manifold （f2 M1 x h M2, F） of （M1, F1） and （M2, F2） is the product manifold M1 x ...Let （M1, F1） and （M2, F2） be two strongly pseudoconvex complex Finsler man- ifolds. The doubly wraped product complex Finsler manifold （f2 M1 x h M2, F） of （M1, F1） and （M2, F2） is the product manifold M1 x M2 endowed with the warped product complex 2 2 Finsler metric F2 = f2F1 ＋ fl F2, where fl and f2 are positive smooth functions on M1 and M2, respectively. In this paper, the most often used complex Finsler connections, holomorphic curvature, Ricci scalar curvature, and real geodesics of the DWP-complex Finsler manifold are derived in terms of the corresponding objects of its components. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the DWP-complex Finsler manifold to be K/ihler Finsler （resp., weakly K/ihler Finsler, complex Berwald, weakly complex Berwald, complex Landsberg） manifold are ob- tained, respectively. It is proved that if （M1, F1） and （M2,F2） are projectively flat, then the DWP-complex Finsler manifold is projectively flat if and only if fl and f2 are positive constants.展开更多
Orthotropic materials weakened by a doubly periodic array of cracks under far-field antiplane shear are investigated, where the fundamental cell contains four cracks of unequal size. By applying the mapping technique,...Orthotropic materials weakened by a doubly periodic array of cracks under far-field antiplane shear are investigated, where the fundamental cell contains four cracks of unequal size. By applying the mapping technique, the elliptical function theory and the theory of analytical function boundary value problems, a closed form solution of the whole-field stress is obtained. The exact formulae for the stress intensity factor at the crack tip and the effective antiplane shear modulus of the cracked orthotropic material are derived. A comparison with the finite element method shows the efficiency and accuracy of the present method. Several illustrative examples are provided, and an interesting phenomenon is observed, that is, the stress intensity factor and the dimensionless effective modulus are independent of the material property for a doubly periodic cracked isotropic material, but depend strongly on the material property for the doubly periodic cracked orthotropic material. Such a phenomenon for antiplane problems is similar to that for in-plane problems. The present solution can provide benchmark results for other numerical and approximate methods.展开更多
The doubly curved shell(DCS)is a common structure in the engineering field.In a thermal environment,the vibration characteristics of the DCS will be affected by the thermal effect.The research on the vibration charact...The doubly curved shell(DCS)is a common structure in the engineering field.In a thermal environment,the vibration characteristics of the DCS will be affected by the thermal effect.The research on the vibration characteristics of DCS in thermal environment is relatively limited.In this paper,the thermal strain and the change of Young’s modulus caused by the changing of temperature are studied,and the DCS energy equation is established systematically.The displacement tolerance function of the DCS is constructed by the spectral geometry method,and the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the DCS with different structural parameters,such as thicknesses,ratios of R_(a)/R_(b) and a/b,at different temperatures are solved by the Rayleigh-Ritz method.The results show that the natural frequency of the DCS decreases with the increasing temperature,R_(a)/R_(b) and a/b ratios,and increases with the increasing thickness.展开更多
We discuss one-dimensional Dirac oscillator, by using the concept doubly special relativity. We calculate the energy spectrum by using the concept doubly special relativity. Then, we derive another representation that...We discuss one-dimensional Dirac oscillator, by using the concept doubly special relativity. We calculate the energy spectrum by using the concept doubly special relativity. Then, we derive another representation that the coordinate operator remains unchanged at the high energy while the momentum operator is deformed at the high energy so that it may be bounded from the above. Actually, we study the Dirac oscillator by using of the generalized uncertainty principle version and the concept doubly special relativity.展开更多
The Doubly Salient Electromagnetic Generator(DSEG) is a promising candidate in aircraft generator application due to the simplicity, robustness and reliability. However, the field windings and the armature windings ar...The Doubly Salient Electromagnetic Generator(DSEG) is a promising candidate in aircraft generator application due to the simplicity, robustness and reliability. However, the field windings and the armature windings are strongly coupled, which makes the inductance characteristics non-linear and too complex to model. The complex model with low precision also leads to difficulties in modeling and analysis of the entire aircraft Electrical Power System(EPS). A behavior level modeling method based on modified inductance Support Vector Machine(SVM) is proposed. The Finite Element Analysis(FEA) inductance data are modified based on the experiment results to improve the precision. A functional level modeling method based on input–output characteristics SVM is also proposed. The two modeling methods are applied to a 9 kW DSEG prototype. The steady state and transient process precision of the proposed methods are proved by comparing with the experiment results. Meanwhile, the modeling time consumption, the application time consumption and the calculation resource demand are compared. The DSEG behavior and functional modeling methods provide precious results with high efficiency, which accelerates theoretical analysis and expands the application foreground of the DSEG in the aircraft EPS.展开更多
This study utilizes large-scale shell model calculations with the extended pairing and multipole–multipole force model(EPQQM)to investigate low-lying states in the nuclei of^(42)Ca,^(42)Sc,and^(42−44)Ti.The model spa...This study utilizes large-scale shell model calculations with the extended pairing and multipole–multipole force model(EPQQM)to investigate low-lying states in the nuclei of^(42)Ca,^(42)Sc,and^(42−44)Ti.The model space in this study includes the fp shell as well as the intruder g_(9/2)orbit,which accurately reproduces the positive parity levels observed in the aforementioned nuclei and predicts high energy states with negative parity coupled with the intruder g_(9/2).The study further predicts two different configurations in^(43)Ti at around 6 MeV,specificallyπf_(7/2)^(2)νg_(9/2)andπf_(7/2)g_(9/2)νf_(7/2),both of which involve the intruder orbit g_(9/2).The levels coupled with the intruder g_(9/2)in^(44)Ti are predicted to lie between 7 and 11 MeV.The inclusion of the intruder orbit g_(9/2)is crucial for the exploration of high energy states in the northeast region of the doubly magic nucleus^(40)Ca.展开更多
One of the advantages of the variational iteration method is the free choice of initial guess. In this paper we use the basic idea of the Jacobian-function method to construct a generalized trial function with some un...One of the advantages of the variational iteration method is the free choice of initial guess. In this paper we use the basic idea of the Jacobian-function method to construct a generalized trial function with some unknown parameters. The Jaulent-Miodek equations are used to illustrate effectiveness and convenience of this method, some new explicit exact travelling wave solutions have been obtained, which include bell-type soliton solution, kink-type soliton solutions, solitary wave solutions, and doubly periodic wave solutions.展开更多
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0450202)。
文摘Strong Coulombic repulsion in small doubly charged molecular ions usually leads to fragmentation.Some of these ions,such as CO_(2)^(++),could survive and be detected if they are stable or metastable in energetics,but how to produce these observable doubly charged ions is a puzzling issue.Here we investigate CO_(2)^(++)production by electron-impact ionization with a supersonic molecular beam of CO_(2)under different nozzle pressures,using time-of-flight mass spectrometry measurements and ab initio calculations.The mass spectral profile of CO_(2)^(++)varies slightly with the nozzle pressure,implying different mechanisms of the ion production.The calculations indicate that the ground state of CO_(2)^(++)is 3Aʺwith a nonlinear conformation,while the linear conformer is in the first excited state 1Δ_(g).We further suggest that,besides CO_(2)^(++)(1Δ_(g))produced from CO_(2),CO_(2)^(++)(3Aʺ)could be produced by the dissociation of doubly charged dimer(C2O4^(++))in a repulsive triplet state.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFE0114700)the Key R&D Program in Hunan Province of China(No.2021GK2020)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China(No.2021JJ30079)the Project of Philosophy and Social Science Research in Yiyang City(No.2022YS191)。
文摘With increasing the number of wind power generators,the consumption time of electromagnetic simulation of the wind farm explodes.To reduce the simulation time while meeting the accuracy requirement,a genetic clustering-based equivalent model is proposed for the wind farm with numerous doubly fed induction generators.In the proposed model,active power together with the reactive power and the wind speed are selected to form the set of clustering indicators.A normalization technique is utilized to cope with the multiple orders of magnitude in these factors.An exponential fitness value is formulated as a function of the sorting number of the primary fitness value,and the fitness-based selection probability is constructed to overcome the property of premature and slow convergence of the genetic clustering algorithm.The sum of squares due to error is used to determine the optimal clustering number.In addition,a decoupled parameter equivalence method is adopted to obtain the equivalent parameters of the collection network.Simulation results and comparisons with various methods under different voltage scenarios show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 62071504)State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 62192712,62192711)+2 种基金Project of Science and Technology in Henan Province(grant numbers 222102210317,232102210078)Doctoral Research Foundation of Zhengzhou University of Light Industry(grant number 2021BSJJ030)Special Projects in Key Fields for General Universities of Guangdong Province(grant num 2021ZDZX1056)。
文摘The orthogonal time frequency space(OTFS)modulation proposed in recent years is considered to have superior performance than orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM)for the doubly selective(DS)channels.The works in the existing literature on OTFS mainly focus on the cases where the channels are underspread(i.e.,the product of the delay spread and the Doppler spread is less than 1).In the scenario of overspread DS channel,which has large delay spread and severe Doppler spread,such as underwater acoustic(UWA)channel,the channel model in delay-Doppler(DD)Domain derived by existing work is no longer applicable.In this paper,we derive a more generalized expression of the channel model in delay-Doppler domain,which allows the product of the delay spread and Doppler spread to be larger than1.The result shows that the existing channel model is just a special case of the one we proposed.Using the proposed channel matrix in DD domain,we build the OTFS detectors with the minimum mean square error(MMSE)and message passing(MP)algorithms on overspread doubly selective channel.Finally,simulation results are presented to verify the theoretical derivation and the effectiveness of the detectors.
基金the Iranian Nanotechnology Development Committee for their financial supportUniversity of Kashan for supporting this work by Grant No. 1223097/10the micro and nanomechanics laboratory by Grant No. 14022023/5
文摘Curved shells are increasingly utilized in applied engineering due to their shared characteristics with other sandwich structures,flexibility,and attractive appearance.However,the inability of controlling and regulating vibrations and destroying them afterward is a challenge to scientists.In this paper,the curve shell equations and a linear quadratic regulator are adopted for the state feedback design to manage the structure vibrations in state space forms.A five-layer sandwich doubly curved micro-composite shell,comprising two piezoelectric layers for the sensor and actuator,is modeled by the fourth-order shear deformation theory.The core(honeycomb,truss,and corrugated)is analyzed for the bearing of transverse shear forces.The results show that the honeycomb core has a greater effect on the vibrations.When the parameters related to the core and the weight percentage of graphene increase,the frequency increases.The uniform distribution of graphene platelets results in the lowest natural frequency while the natural frequency increases.Furthermore,without taking into account the piezoelectric layers,the third-order shear deformation theory(TSDT)and fourth-order shear deformation theory(FOSDT)align closely.However,when the piezoelectric layers are incorporated,these two theories diverge significantly,with the frequencies in the FOSDT being lower than those in the TSDT.
基金supported by Scientific Research Project of Qiqihar University(145209130)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(Grant No.2023LHMS05054 and 2023LHMS05017)+3 种基金the Inner Mongolia University of Technology Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.DC2200000903)the Program for Innovative Research Teams in Universities of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(Grant No.NMGIRT2213)the key technological project of Inner Mongolia(Grant No.2021GG0255 and 2021GG0259)the Fundamental Research Funds for the directly affiliated Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(Grant No.JY20220046)。
文摘The present work investigates higher order stress,strain and deformation analyses of a shear deformable doubly curved shell manufactures by a Copper(Cu)core reinforced with graphene origami auxetic metamaterial subjected to mechanical and thermal loads.The effective material properties of the graphene origami auxetic reinforced Cu matrix are developed using micromechanical models cooperate both material properties of graphene and Cu in terms of temperature,volume fraction and folding degree.The principle of virtual work is used to derive governing equations with accounting thermal loading.The numerical results are analytically obtained using Navier's technique to investigate impact of significant parameters such as thermal loading,graphene amount,folding degree and directional coordinate on the stress,strain and deformation responses of the structure.The graphene origami materials may be used in aerospace vehicles and structures and defence technology because of their low weight and high stiffness.A verification study is presented for approving the formulation,solution methodology and numerical results.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22131005,22201074,22075077 and 21971063)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader(No.20XD1401400)+1 种基金Shanghai Rising-Star Program(No.23QA1402100)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Nos.23ZR1415600,22ZR1416100).
文摘To develop efficient sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs),we recently reported doubly concerted companion(DCC)dye XW83 with a wrapped porphyrin sub-dye unit linked to an organic sub-dye unit through a flexible chain,which exhibits panchromatic absorption and excellent anti-aggregation ability.To further improve the absorption,we herein report XW87 and XW88 by inserting an ethynyl group into the organic sub-dye unit of XW83 near the donor and acceptor,respectively.For the corresponding organic dyes Z3 and Z4,the introduced ethynyl group improves their absorption,but induces aggravated charge recombination,leading to lowered power conversion efficiencies(PCEs).Similar to the organic dyes,the introduced ethynyl group improves the absorption of DCC dyes XW87 and XW88 as well.In addition,the ethynyl group near the acceptor of the organic sub-dye unit can be well protected by the long wrapping chains from the porphyrin unit.As a result,XW88 affords the highest JSC(21.84 mA/cm^(2)),V_(OC)(782 mV)and PCE(12.2%)among the DCC dyes.These results provide an effective method for developing efficient DSSC dyes by inserting an ethynyl group at a suitable position of a DCC dye.
基金supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61973073supported by Jiangsu Province Higher Education Basic Science (Natural Science) Research Project under Grant 23KJB470022
文摘This article proposes a dual-negative-objective coordinated control strategy for brushless doubly fed induction generator(BDFIG)based wind power generation system under unbalanced grid voltage.To alleviate the mechanical stress and impaction on rotating shaft,the negative control objective(NCO)of machine side converter(MSC)is set to suppress the ripple of electromagnetic torque.While the NCO of grid side converter(GSC)is selected to suppress the oscillation of total output active power or the unbalanced degree of total output current for BDFIG generation system.In comparison with traditional single converter control scheme of the MSC or GSC,dual NCOs can be satisfied at the same time due to the enlarged freedom degree in the proposed improved coordinated control system for back-toback converters.The effectiveness of proposed control strategy is validated by simulation and experimental results on a dual-cagerotor BDFIG(DCR-BDFIG)prototype.
文摘Enhancing the security of the wireless communication is necessary to guarantee the reliable of the data transmission, due to the broadcast nature of wireless channels. In this paper, we provide a novel technology referred to as doubly multiple parameters weighted fractional Fourier transform(DMWFRFT), which can strengthen the physical layer security of wireless communication. This paper introduces the concept of DM-WFRFT based on multiple parameters WFRFT(MP-WFRFT), and then presents its four properties. Based on these properties, the parameters decryption probability is analyzed in terms of the number of parameters. The number of parameters for DM-WFRFT is more than that of the MP-WFRFT,which indicates that the proposed scheme can further strengthen the the physical layer security. Lastly, some numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate that the efficiency of proposed DM-WFRFT is related to preventing eavesdropping, and the effect of parameters variety on the system performance is associated with the bit error ratio(BER).
文摘A more accurate analysis method on working modes is proposed by considering the winding terminal voltage and the eondueting power device as state parameters. For the three-phase hybrid excitation doubly salient machine （HEDSM） motor and its three-phase full-bridge inverter, in the proposed analytical method, all possible working modes are generally listed. Then, with the H_PWM-L_ON control strategy, the working modes are detailed with eorresponding equivalent circuits. Experimental results verify the robustness of the analysis.
文摘The three-phase bridge inverter is used as the converter topology in the power controller for a 9 kW doubly salient permanent magnet （DSPM） motor. Compared with common three-phase bridge inverters, the proposed inverter works under more complicated conditions with different principles for special winding back EMFs, position signals of hall sensors, and the given mode of switches. The ideal steady driving principles of the inverter for the motor are given. The working state with asymmetric winding back EMFs, inaccurate position signals of hall sensors, and the changing input voltage is analyzed. Finally, experimental results vertify that the given anal ysis is correct.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10971029)
文摘The biharmonicity of the product map Φ2=φ×ψ and the two generalized projections φ-and ψ-are analyzed. Some results are obtained, that is, Φ2 is a proper biharmonic map if and only if b is a non-constant solution of -1/f2 Jφ（dφ（grad（lnb）））＋n/2 grad｜dφ（grad（lnb））｜2=0 and f is a non-constant solution of -1/b2Jψ（dψ（grad（lnf）））＋m/2grad｜dψ（grad（lnf））｜2=0, and Φ2=φ×ψ is a proper biharmonic map if and only if φ-and ψ-are proper biharmonic maps.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62071383)。
文摘This paper addresses sparse channels estimation problem for the generalized linear models(GLM)in the orthogonal time frequency space(OTFS)underwater acoustic(UWA)system.OTFS works in the delay-Doppler domain,where timevarying channels are characterized as delay-Doppler impulse responses.In fact,a typical doubly spread UWA channel is associated with several resolvable paths,which exhibits a structured sparsity in the delayDoppler domain.To leverage the structured sparsity of the doubly spread UWA channel,we develop a structured sparsity-based generalized approximated message passing(GAMP)algorithm for reliable channel estimation in quantized OTFS systems.The proposed algorithm has a lower computational complexity compared to the conventional Bayesian algorithm.In addition,the expectation maximum algorithm is employed to learn the sparsity ratio and the noise variance.Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has superior performance and low computational complexity for quantized OTFS systems.
基金supported by the projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30771811)the National Technology Research and Development Program in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan of China(No.2008BAI58B01)
文摘Objective Doubly labeled water （DLW） method is the gold standard for measuring total energy expenditure （TEE）. We used this method to measure TEE in Chinese young men. Methods Sixteen healthy young men age 23±1 recruited. TEE was measured by the DLW method, by indirect calorimetry. We also conducted 24-h estimate energy requirements of the subjects. years with body mass index 22.0±1.4 kg/m2 were and basal energy expenditure （BEE） was determined activity, energy balance and factorial approach to Results TEE of subjects by DLW method was 9.45±0.57 M J/day （2258±180 kcal/day）. The 24-h activity was 10.80±0.33 M J/day （2582±136 kcal/day）. The energy requirement, derived from energy balance observations, was 9.93±1.32 M J/day （2373±315 kcal/day）. The BEE of 6.65±0.28 M J/day （1589±67 kcal/day）, calculated by the adjusted Schofield equation, was significantly higher （P〈O.O01） than that measured by indirect calorimetry, 5.99-±0.66 M J/day （1433-±158 kcal/day）. The TEE derived from the factorial approach was 10.31-±0.43 M J/day （2463±104 kcal/day）. Conclusion The TEE of Chinese young men measured by the DLW method was about 10% lower than the current recommended nutrient intake （RNI）, suggesting that the RNI for Chinese men maybe overestimated. Further studies are warranted to determine the value of the estimated energy requirement.
基金supported by Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(NCET-13-0510)National Natural Science Foundation of China(11271304,11571288,11461064)+1 种基金the Fujian Province Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar(2013J06001)the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,State Education Ministry
文摘Let （M1, F1） and （M2, F2） be two strongly pseudoconvex complex Finsler man- ifolds. The doubly wraped product complex Finsler manifold （f2 M1 x h M2, F） of （M1, F1） and （M2, F2） is the product manifold M1 x M2 endowed with the warped product complex 2 2 Finsler metric F2 = f2F1 ＋ fl F2, where fl and f2 are positive smooth functions on M1 and M2, respectively. In this paper, the most often used complex Finsler connections, holomorphic curvature, Ricci scalar curvature, and real geodesics of the DWP-complex Finsler manifold are derived in terms of the corresponding objects of its components. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the DWP-complex Finsler manifold to be K/ihler Finsler （resp., weakly K/ihler Finsler, complex Berwald, weakly complex Berwald, complex Landsberg） manifold are ob- tained, respectively. It is proved that if （M1, F1） and （M2,F2） are projectively flat, then the DWP-complex Finsler manifold is projectively flat if and only if fl and f2 are positive constants.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.10672008).
文摘Orthotropic materials weakened by a doubly periodic array of cracks under far-field antiplane shear are investigated, where the fundamental cell contains four cracks of unequal size. By applying the mapping technique, the elliptical function theory and the theory of analytical function boundary value problems, a closed form solution of the whole-field stress is obtained. The exact formulae for the stress intensity factor at the crack tip and the effective antiplane shear modulus of the cracked orthotropic material are derived. A comparison with the finite element method shows the efficiency and accuracy of the present method. Several illustrative examples are provided, and an interesting phenomenon is observed, that is, the stress intensity factor and the dimensionless effective modulus are independent of the material property for a doubly periodic cracked isotropic material, but depend strongly on the material property for the doubly periodic cracked orthotropic material. Such a phenomenon for antiplane problems is similar to that for in-plane problems. The present solution can provide benchmark results for other numerical and approximate methods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51805341)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20180843).
文摘The doubly curved shell(DCS)is a common structure in the engineering field.In a thermal environment,the vibration characteristics of the DCS will be affected by the thermal effect.The research on the vibration characteristics of DCS in thermal environment is relatively limited.In this paper,the thermal strain and the change of Young’s modulus caused by the changing of temperature are studied,and the DCS energy equation is established systematically.The displacement tolerance function of the DCS is constructed by the spectral geometry method,and the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the DCS with different structural parameters,such as thicknesses,ratios of R_(a)/R_(b) and a/b,at different temperatures are solved by the Rayleigh-Ritz method.The results show that the natural frequency of the DCS decreases with the increasing temperature,R_(a)/R_(b) and a/b ratios,and increases with the increasing thickness.
文摘We discuss one-dimensional Dirac oscillator, by using the concept doubly special relativity. We calculate the energy spectrum by using the concept doubly special relativity. Then, we derive another representation that the coordinate operator remains unchanged at the high energy while the momentum operator is deformed at the high energy so that it may be bounded from the above. Actually, we study the Dirac oscillator by using of the generalized uncertainty principle version and the concept doubly special relativity.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Outstanding Young Scholar of China (No. 51622704)Jiangsu Provincial Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists of China (No. BK20150033)Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (No. KYLX16_0358)
文摘The Doubly Salient Electromagnetic Generator(DSEG) is a promising candidate in aircraft generator application due to the simplicity, robustness and reliability. However, the field windings and the armature windings are strongly coupled, which makes the inductance characteristics non-linear and too complex to model. The complex model with low precision also leads to difficulties in modeling and analysis of the entire aircraft Electrical Power System(EPS). A behavior level modeling method based on modified inductance Support Vector Machine(SVM) is proposed. The Finite Element Analysis(FEA) inductance data are modified based on the experiment results to improve the precision. A functional level modeling method based on input–output characteristics SVM is also proposed. The two modeling methods are applied to a 9 kW DSEG prototype. The steady state and transient process precision of the proposed methods are proved by comparing with the experiment results. Meanwhile, the modeling time consumption, the application time consumption and the calculation resource demand are compared. The DSEG behavior and functional modeling methods provide precious results with high efficiency, which accelerates theoretical analysis and expands the application foreground of the DSEG in the aircraft EPS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2267205)supported by the High-level Talents Research and Startup Foundation Projects for Doctors of Zhoukou Normal University(No.ZKNUC2021006)Scientific research projects of universities in Henan Province(No.23A140027).
文摘This study utilizes large-scale shell model calculations with the extended pairing and multipole–multipole force model(EPQQM)to investigate low-lying states in the nuclei of^(42)Ca,^(42)Sc,and^(42−44)Ti.The model space in this study includes the fp shell as well as the intruder g_(9/2)orbit,which accurately reproduces the positive parity levels observed in the aforementioned nuclei and predicts high energy states with negative parity coupled with the intruder g_(9/2).The study further predicts two different configurations in^(43)Ti at around 6 MeV,specificallyπf_(7/2)^(2)νg_(9/2)andπf_(7/2)g_(9/2)νf_(7/2),both of which involve the intruder orbit g_(9/2).The levels coupled with the intruder g_(9/2)in^(44)Ti are predicted to lie between 7 and 11 MeV.The inclusion of the intruder orbit g_(9/2)is crucial for the exploration of high energy states in the northeast region of the doubly magic nucleus^(40)Ca.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.10172056
文摘One of the advantages of the variational iteration method is the free choice of initial guess. In this paper we use the basic idea of the Jacobian-function method to construct a generalized trial function with some unknown parameters. The Jaulent-Miodek equations are used to illustrate effectiveness and convenience of this method, some new explicit exact travelling wave solutions have been obtained, which include bell-type soliton solution, kink-type soliton solutions, solitary wave solutions, and doubly periodic wave solutions.
