A veterinary(兽医的)clinic in Türkiye recently shared the touching story of a stray dog who carried her unconscious puppy in her mouth and left it at the clinic door,as if begging for help.If not for the viral vi...A veterinary(兽医的)clinic in Türkiye recently shared the touching story of a stray dog who carried her unconscious puppy in her mouth and left it at the clinic door,as if begging for help.If not for the viral video footage captured by CCTV cameras,most people would probably think this story too heart⁃warming to be true.A veterinary clinic in the Adnan Kahveci neighborhood of Beylikdüzü,in Türkiye's Istanbul Province,recently reported one of its most incredible cases.On January 13,an animal lover brought a young puppy he had found on the street,claiming it was the only survivor of a stray's litter.The clinic rushed to treat the puppy only to then find that its mother showed up on the doorstep with another unconscious puppy in her mouth.A technician noticed the desperate animal and rushed to tend to her offspring,which suffered from hypothermia(体温过低)and had a very low heart rate.展开更多
基于高斯差分小波(Difference of Gaussians,DOG)向球面上拓展产生的球面DOG小波函数,提出了基于球面DOG小波框架重构骨料形状的新方法。为探讨该方法的优势,采用该方法和传统球谐重构法,对采用三维扫描仪获取机制砂的表面点云数据进行...基于高斯差分小波(Difference of Gaussians,DOG)向球面上拓展产生的球面DOG小波函数,提出了基于球面DOG小波框架重构骨料形状的新方法。为探讨该方法的优势,采用该方法和传统球谐重构法,对采用三维扫描仪获取机制砂的表面点云数据进行重构,分析了球面DOG小波框架方法的参数设置,以及准确性。结果显示,随着球面DOG小波框架qmax的增大,重构骨料的形貌逐渐接近真实形态。且当qmax达到4时,支撑集足够小的球面DOG小波可有效避免高阶次球谐级数重构多棱角骨料时由于振铃效应导致的重构精度下降问题。展开更多
I love dogs because they are so friendly and lovely.With bright eyes,dogs can see things in the dark.Their noses are very sensitive,and this helps them find things easily.My pet dog is named Dahu.He is white with long...I love dogs because they are so friendly and lovely.With bright eyes,dogs can see things in the dark.Their noses are very sensitive,and this helps them find things easily.My pet dog is named Dahu.He is white with long ears.Every day when I come back home from school,he runs to me happily and wags his tail.We often play games together.He likes to chase a ball,and I throw the ball far,then he runs quickly to bring it back.展开更多
Activity 1 Think about the following questions and write down your answers before reading the text.1.What factors might contribute to the high price of a rare dog?2.How do you think the ownership of such an expensive ...Activity 1 Think about the following questions and write down your answers before reading the text.1.What factors might contribute to the high price of a rare dog?2.How do you think the ownership of such an expensive dog might impact the owner's lifestyle or responsibilities?展开更多
Fine-grained dog breed classification presents significant challenges due to subtle inter-class differences,pose variations,and intra-class diversity.To address these complexities and limitations of traditional handcr...Fine-grained dog breed classification presents significant challenges due to subtle inter-class differences,pose variations,and intra-class diversity.To address these complexities and limitations of traditional handcrafted approaches,a novel and efficient two-stageDeep Learning(DL)framework tailored for robust fine-grained classification is proposed.In the first stage,a lightweight object detector,YOLO v8N(You Only Look Once Version 8 Nano),is finetuned to localize both the head and full body of the dog from each image.In the second stage,a dual-stream Vision Transformer(ViT)architecture independently processes the detected head and body regions,enabling the extraction of region-specific,complementary features.This dual-path approach improves feature discriminability by capturing localized cues that are vital for distinguishing visually similar breeds.The proposed framework introduces several key innovations:(1)a modular and lightweight head–body detection pipeline that balances accuracy with computational efficiency,(2)a region-awareViT model that leverages spatial attention for enhanced fine-grained recognition,and(3)a training scheme incorporating advanced augmentations and structured supervision to maximize generalization.These contributions collectively enhancemodel performancewhilemaintaining deployment efficiency.Extensive experiments conducted on the Tsinghua Dogs dataset validate the effectiveness of the approach.The model achieves an accuracy of 90.04%,outperforming existing State-of-the-Art(SOTA)methods across all key evaluation metrics.Furthermore,statistical significance testing confirms the robustness of the observed improvements over multiple baselines.The proposed method presents an effective solution for breed recognition tasks and shows strong potential for broader applications,including pet surveillance,veterinary diagnostics,and cross-species classification.Notably,it achieved an accuracy of 96.85% on the Oxford-IIIT Pet dataset,demonstrating its robustness across different species and breeds.展开更多
Aiming at the pain points of visually impaired people during travel,this research innovatively transforms an industrial quadruped robot into a guide dog device.By transplanting the PCS-9180 motion control system(1.7 m...Aiming at the pain points of visually impaired people during travel,this research innovatively transforms an industrial quadruped robot into a guide dog device.By transplanting the PCS-9180 motion control system(1.7 m/s,IP66),and integrating a multi-modal perception network with a lightweight YOLO11 model.Tests show that the pass-through rate in complex terrains is 98%,the response delay is 0.3 seconds,and the cost is 50%that of a guide dog.The research verifies the social value of the transformation of industrial robot technology.展开更多
在英语影视剧或文学作品中,你或许见过这样的场景:主角望着窗外倾盆大雨惊呼“It’s raining cats and dogs!”。其中,raining cats and dogs字面意思是“天上掉猫狗”,实际却用来形容暴雨如瀑布般猛烈。这种超现实的表达并非空穴来风,...在英语影视剧或文学作品中,你或许见过这样的场景:主角望着窗外倾盆大雨惊呼“It’s raining cats and dogs!”。其中,raining cats and dogs字面意思是“天上掉猫狗”,实际却用来形容暴雨如瀑布般猛烈。这种超现实的表达并非空穴来风,它的诞生糅合了神话想象与历史现实,成为英语文化中一道独特的语言风景。展开更多
DOG1(Delay of germination 1)蛋白是种子休眠的一种主要调控因子,可与ABA协同作用来延迟种子萌发。核心脱落酸(ABA)信号转导途径和DOG1途径在蛋白磷酸酶2C(PP2C)中汇聚。DOG1调控种子休眠需要PP2C,并通过与ABA过敏感萌发(AHG1/AHG3)结...DOG1(Delay of germination 1)蛋白是种子休眠的一种主要调控因子,可与ABA协同作用来延迟种子萌发。核心脱落酸(ABA)信号转导途径和DOG1途径在蛋白磷酸酶2C(PP2C)中汇聚。DOG1调控种子休眠需要PP2C,并通过与ABA过敏感萌发(AHG1/AHG3)结合来增强ABA的信号转导。DOG1抑制AHG1的作用来增加ABA的敏感性和诱导种子休眠。近年来,DOG1对种子休眠与萌发的调控研究取得了显著进展。本文对该领域的研究成果进行了综述,主要包括:DOG1对种子成熟、休眠与萌发的作用,DOG1表达的转录调控机制以及DOG1对种子休眠与萌发的调控及作用机制,最后提出了在本领域需要进一步研究的科学问题。展开更多
Social learning is a mechanism used by many species to effciently gain information about their environment.Although many animals live in an environment where members of other species are present,little is known about ...Social learning is a mechanism used by many species to effciently gain information about their environment.Although many animals live in an environment where members of other species are present,little is known about interspecifc social learning.Domesticated and urbanized species provide the opportunity to investigate whether nonhuman animals can learn from heterospecifcs such as humans,who are integral parts of their social landscape.Although domestic dogs Canis familiaris have been intensively researched for their ability to learn from humans,most studies have focused on dogs living as pets.However,free-ranging dogs represent the majority of the world’s dog population,they live alongside humans,scavenge on human refuse,and are subject to natural and sexual selection.Thus,free-ranging dogs with extensive exposure to humans and their artifacts provide the opportunity to investigate interspecifc social learning in a naturalistic setting,where learning from humans might be a beneft for them.Here we tested individual free-ranging dogs in a between-subject design:Dogs in the control group could spontaneously choose between two novel and differently patterned food-delivering boxes.In the experimental group,instead,dogs could frst observe an unfamiliar human approaching and eating from 1 of the 2 boxes.We provide the frst evidence that free-ranging dogs match the choice of an unfamiliar human.These results show that at least simple forms of interspecifc social learning might be involved in dogs’success in living alongside humans in a complex urbanized environment.展开更多
Retroviruses have been proven to cause infections and diseases in a series of mammalian hosts but not in dogs.Then,this letter discussed the dog susceptibility to retrovirus infection,encompassing arguments to underst...Retroviruses have been proven to cause infections and diseases in a series of mammalian hosts but not in dogs.Then,this letter discussed the dog susceptibility to retrovirus infection,encompassing arguments to understand why dogs may have not been infected by retroviruses thus far.The potential resistance of retrovirus in dogs enables this provocative short communication to discuss this question,looking at some evolutive aspects.The lineage of canids has shown,throughout its evolutionary history,a smaller accumulation of retroviruses in canid genomes,classifed as endogenous retroviruses.In this context,the genomes of canids seem to ofer obstacles,which have been evolutionarily conserved,in the face of retroviral infection.展开更多
Every year, a higher number of dogs are abandoned or euthanised due to temperament issues and a lack of understanding by owners regarding dog behaviour and training. This research focuses on the potential to make pred...Every year, a higher number of dogs are abandoned or euthanised due to temperament issues and a lack of understanding by owners regarding dog behaviour and training. This research focuses on the potential to make predictions of adult dog temperament based on early puppy behaviours by using a machine learning model. Specifically, the research used guard dog breeds, such as American Bully, American Pit Bull Terrier, and German Shepherd. The study collected dog data and general data from dog owners and used the Random Forest approach to build a predictive model. Users are allowed to input puppy data and receive adult dog temperament predictions in model, which is integrated into a web application. The aims of this web application are to enhance responsible dog ownership and reduce abandonment by offering insights and training recommendations based on predicted outcomes. The model achieved a prediction accuracy of 86% on testing, and it is continually improving, though further refinement is recommended to improve its reliability and applicability across a broader range of breeds. The study contributes to canine welfare by providing a practical solution for predicting temperament outcomes, ultimately helping to reduce shelter populations and euthanasia rates.展开更多
Feline panleukopenia virus(FPV)is a single-stranded DNA virus that can infect cats and cause feline panleukopenia,which is a highly contagious and fatal disease in felines.The sequence of FPV is highly variable,and mu...Feline panleukopenia virus(FPV)is a single-stranded DNA virus that can infect cats and cause feline panleukopenia,which is a highly contagious and fatal disease in felines.The sequence of FPV is highly variable,and mutations in the amino acids of its capsid protein play crucial roles in altering viral virulence,immunogenicity,host selection,and other abilities.In this study,the epidemiology of FPV was studied using 746 gastrointestinal swab samples derived from cats that presented gastrointestinal symptoms specifcally,diarrhea or vomiting during the period spanning from 2018 to 2022.The overall prevalence of FPV-positive patients among these samples was determined to be 45.4%.Capsid(virion)protein 2(VP2)gene of each FPV-positive sample was sequenced and amplifed,yielding 65 VP2 sequences.Among them,six VP2 gene sequences were detected in the majority of the samples test positive for FPV,and these positive samples originated from a diverse range of geographical locations.These isolates were named FPV-6,FPV-10,FPV-15,FPV-251,FPV-271 and FPV-S2.Additionally,the substitution of Ala300Pro(A300P)in VP2 was detected for the frst time in feline-derived FPV(FPV-251).FPV-251 isolate,with this substitution in VP2 protein,exhibited stable proliferative capacity in Madin-Darby canine kidney(MDCK)cells and A72 cells.FPV-271 was selected as the FPV control isolate due to its single amino acid diference from VP2 protein of FPV-251 at position 300(FPV-271 has alanine,while FPV-251 has proline).After oral infection,both FPV-251 and FPV-271 isolates caused feline panleukopenia,which is characterized by clinical signs of enterocolitis.However,FPV-251 can infect dogs through the oral route and cause gastrointestinal(GI)symptoms with lesions in the intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes(MLNs)of infected dogs.This is the frst report on the presence of an A300P substitution in VP2 protein of feline-derived FPV.Additionally,FPV isolate with a substitution of A300P at VP2 protein demonstrated efcient replication capabilities in canine cell lines and the ability to infect dogs.展开更多
Chronic kidney disease is commonly diagnosed in dogs,and clinical signs may be aggravated when infected agents are involved.In this case report,33 dogs with chronic kidney disease were clinically evaluated and serolog...Chronic kidney disease is commonly diagnosed in dogs,and clinical signs may be aggravated when infected agents are involved.In this case report,33 dogs with chronic kidney disease were clinically evaluated and serologically tested for Leptospira spp.,Ehrlichia canis,and Anaplasma phagocytophilum.The seroprevalence for Leptospira spp.was 39.4%.The most frequent serovars found were Pyrogenes,Canicola,Bratislava and Australis,with serological titers between 1:100 to 1:800.Clinical signs included fever,depression,decreased body condition,vomiting and hema‑turia.Signifcant laboratory fndings were anemia,leukocytosis,thrombocytopenia,increased liver enzymes,urea and creatinine,hyperbilirubinemia and hyperphosphatemia.All leptospira seronegative dogs were positive for one or both monitored homoparasites(i.e.,E.canis and A.phagocytophilum);only three leptospira seropositive dogs were positive for one or both hemoparasites.Findings also suggest that endemic hemoparasites of dogs should be moni‑tored in dogs with a kidney condition for a better clinical picture of the patients and therapeutic approach.展开更多
Canine parvovirus 2(CPV-2)is a highly contagious virus in dogs that typically causes hemorrhagic enteritis and a high mortality rate in unvaccinated puppies.The genetic variability and antigenic diversity of CPV-2 hin...Canine parvovirus 2(CPV-2)is a highly contagious virus in dogs that typically causes hemorrhagic enteritis and a high mortality rate in unvaccinated puppies.The genetic variability and antigenic diversity of CPV-2 hinder its efective prevention of infection by vaccination.To investigate the epidemiology and genetic characteristics of CPV-2 in China,rectal swabs from afected dogs were collected from diferent animal clinics in Kunshan from 2022 to 2023.Preliminary detection and capsid gene sequencing of CPV-2 were performed using previously described primers and protocols.The overall detection rate for CPV-2 was 16.5%(33/200).A signifcant association was found between the CPV-2-positivity and clinical signs,age,breed and vaccination status.Sequence analysis revealed the presence of CPV-2c genotypes in all positive samples,which were genetically similar to other Asian CPV-2c strains.Notably,four key mutations(A5G,F267Y,Y324I and Q370R)were detected in all isolates,and one novel mutation(I447M)was detected in three CPV-2 isolates.These mutations in the CPV-2 strains could impact vaccine efcacy and the efectiveness of the virus immune evasion.Surprisingly,no recombination events were observed between the identifed CPV-2c strains and reference strains from China.Our data revealed that amino acid residues 324,426 and 440 of VP2 may under strong selection pressure.This pattern of genetic variation in the CPV-2 lineage warrants continuous laboratory-based surveillance programs in other parts of China to better understand the pattern of seasonal distribution and association between emerging genotypes and the intensity of disease severity.展开更多
The cloud computing technology is utilized for achieving resource utilization of remotebased virtual computer to facilitate the consumers with rapid and accurate massive data services.It utilizes on-demand resource pr...The cloud computing technology is utilized for achieving resource utilization of remotebased virtual computer to facilitate the consumers with rapid and accurate massive data services.It utilizes on-demand resource provisioning,but the necessitated constraints of rapid turnaround time,minimal execution cost,high rate of resource utilization and limited makespan transforms the Load Balancing(LB)process-based Task Scheduling(TS)problem into an NP-hard optimization issue.In this paper,Hybrid Prairie Dog and Beluga Whale Optimization Algorithm(HPDBWOA)is propounded for precise mapping of tasks to virtual machines with the due objective of addressing the dynamic nature of cloud environment.This capability of HPDBWOA helps in decreasing the SLA violations and Makespan with optimal resource management.It is modelled as a scheduling strategy which utilizes the merits of PDOA and BWOA for attaining reactive decisions making with respect to the process of assigning the tasks to virtual resources by considering their priorities into account.It addresses the problem of pre-convergence with wellbalanced exploration and exploitation to attain necessitated Quality of Service(QoS)for minimizing the waiting time incurred during TS process.It further balanced exploration and exploitation rates for reducing the makespan during the task allocation with complete awareness of VM state.The results of the proposed HPDBWOA confirmed minimized energy utilization of 32.18% and reduced cost of 28.94% better than approaches used for investigation.The statistical investigation of the proposed HPDBWOA conducted using ANOVA confirmed its efficacy over the benchmarked systems in terms of throughput,system,and response time.展开更多
The aim of the present study was to compare the ixodicide efficacy of 1% permethrin applied as a shampoo-bath in single treatment and a combined formulation of 2% permethrin + 1% piperonyl butoxide applied as powder i...The aim of the present study was to compare the ixodicide efficacy of 1% permethrin applied as a shampoo-bath in single treatment and a combined formulation of 2% permethrin + 1% piperonyl butoxide applied as powder in a single treatment against Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks, in naturally infested dogs. Eighteen adult cross-mixed dogs, harboring to at least 20 ticks/animal, were selected on pre-treatment live tick counts. On day 0, the dogs were then divided in 3 groups of 6 animals each, for treatment: Group 1 (G1) received 1% permethrin applied as shampoo-bath (approximately 10 ml/kg bw), according to label instructions. G2 was treated with 2% permethrin + 1% piperonyl butoxide applied as powder, and rubbed as massage on the body, as recommended by the producer. G3 served as a non-treated control. After the treatment, the dogs were checked out for live ticks counting on days 0, 1, 7, and 14. The ixodicide efficacy was assessed based on the percentage reductions of ticks on the days analyzed post-treatment, with respect to the untreated control. Results showed that permethrin alone removed ticks on 81%, 93.1% and 89.6% for days 1, 7 and 14, respectively. The combined formulation of 2% permethrin + 1% piperonyl butoxide exerted a better efficacy of 98.8, 97.7 and 97.0%, respectively. It is concluded that this combined formulation was highly effective at rapidly repelling and killing Riphicephalus sanguineus ticks on naturally infected dogs, showing a significant effect on days 1, 7 and 14 after tick exposure. The sustained high and quick level of efficacy of this combination may well interfere with the transmission of Riphicephalus sanguineus ticks. It is concluded that the sustained high level of efficacy of the permethrin + piperonyl butoxide combination may well exert an additive effect and could interfere with the transmission of Riphicephalus sanguineus ticks.展开更多
Peter Heller’s The Dog Stars is a fascinating meditation of post-apocalyptic loneliness.Set in a dismal world devastated by a devastating virus,the story centers on the protagonist Hig’s experience and response as h...Peter Heller’s The Dog Stars is a fascinating meditation of post-apocalyptic loneliness.Set in a dismal world devastated by a devastating virus,the story centers on the protagonist Hig’s experience and response as he navigates a terrain devoid of human connection and meaning.This paper investigates the complexities of loneliness,focusing on Hig’s response to the loss of his wife and dog.Furthermore,it delves into the transformational power of companionship,including Hig’s link with his dog Jasper and his ultimate connection with Cima and her father.The fragmented narrative style of the novel mirrors Hig’s internal struggle,offering a raw and intimate portrayal of his journey towards reconnection and hope.Through the novel,Heller offers his profound thinking on the significance of connection in overcoming even post-apocalyptic loneliness.展开更多
Superficial microbiota disturbances are common in dogs, with Malassezia pachydermatis yeasts often being involved. Topical products are recommended as a first-line management strategy;however, literature regarding spe...Superficial microbiota disturbances are common in dogs, with Malassezia pachydermatis yeasts often being involved. Topical products are recommended as a first-line management strategy;however, literature regarding specific topical protocols is still scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a protocol combining chlorhexidine and Ophytrium-containing products in reducing yeast counts in dogs with microscopic evidence of yeast imbalance and dermatological signs. Dogs were shampooed on Day 0 (D0) and then received eight mousse applications at two to three-day intervals. Followed-up parameters on D0, Day 7 (D7), and Day 21 (D21) were microscopic yeast counting, pruritus, and skin irritation scores. At D21, veterinarians’ and owners’ overall assessments were collected. Malassezia pachydermatis counts decreased at D7 (57.3% vs D0, p p p p < 0.001). Efficacy was described by all veterinarians from good to excellent, and the proposed procedures were evaluated as efficient and practical by the owners in 91.7% of the cases. The protocol using chlorhexidine and Ophytrium shampoo and mousse could be a useful option in dogs presenting imbalances in yeast cutaneous microbiota.展开更多
文摘A veterinary(兽医的)clinic in Türkiye recently shared the touching story of a stray dog who carried her unconscious puppy in her mouth and left it at the clinic door,as if begging for help.If not for the viral video footage captured by CCTV cameras,most people would probably think this story too heart⁃warming to be true.A veterinary clinic in the Adnan Kahveci neighborhood of Beylikdüzü,in Türkiye's Istanbul Province,recently reported one of its most incredible cases.On January 13,an animal lover brought a young puppy he had found on the street,claiming it was the only survivor of a stray's litter.The clinic rushed to treat the puppy only to then find that its mother showed up on the doorstep with another unconscious puppy in her mouth.A technician noticed the desperate animal and rushed to tend to her offspring,which suffered from hypothermia(体温过低)and had a very low heart rate.
文摘基于高斯差分小波(Difference of Gaussians,DOG)向球面上拓展产生的球面DOG小波函数,提出了基于球面DOG小波框架重构骨料形状的新方法。为探讨该方法的优势,采用该方法和传统球谐重构法,对采用三维扫描仪获取机制砂的表面点云数据进行重构,分析了球面DOG小波框架方法的参数设置,以及准确性。结果显示,随着球面DOG小波框架qmax的增大,重构骨料的形貌逐渐接近真实形态。且当qmax达到4时,支撑集足够小的球面DOG小波可有效避免高阶次球谐级数重构多棱角骨料时由于振铃效应导致的重构精度下降问题。
文摘目的研究三七Panax notoginseng DOG(PnDOG)基因家族结构特征和表达模式及其在三七种子后熟休眠和萌发的作用机制。方法基于三七的全基因组和转录组数据,利用生物信息手段分析PnDOG家族的理化性质、基因结构、系统发育关系、保守结构域、顺式作用元件和表达模式;探讨了外施赤霉素(gibberellins,GA)和脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)激素对三七种子的影响,以及PnDOG基因家族对这些外源激素的响应机制。结果PnDOG基因家族包含16个成员,不均匀地分布在8条染色体上。PnDOG基因都含有外显子,编码216~514个氨基酸,均为亲水性蛋白,亚细胞定位预测显示均位于细胞核中。系统进化将PnDOG基因分为3个亚组,不同亚组成员的基因结构存在差异。共线性分析显示,串联重复是PnDOG基因扩增的主要驱动因素。启动子顺式作用元件分析显示,PnDOG基因的启动子区含有大量激素响应、胁迫响应以及少量胚发育响应等元件。基因本体(geneontology,GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)分析显示,PnDOG基因可能在非生物应激和激素诱导中起作用。基因表达分析和qRT-PCR分析显示,PnDOG基因在三七不同组织中均有表达,并具有明显的组织特异性。部分PnDOG基因在三七种子不同后熟阶段和激素处理下的表达量均存在显著差异。发现PnDOG1和PnDOG14在种子中高表达且受激素强烈诱导,其表达量随后熟时间的增加逐渐下降,推测PnDOG1和PnDOG14是调控三七种子后熟休眠的关键基因。结论大多数PnDOG基因的高表达可能与三七种子的后熟休眠形成有关,在后熟过程中通过响应激素信号调控种子休眠解除。
文摘I love dogs because they are so friendly and lovely.With bright eyes,dogs can see things in the dark.Their noses are very sensitive,and this helps them find things easily.My pet dog is named Dahu.He is white with long ears.Every day when I come back home from school,he runs to me happily and wags his tail.We often play games together.He likes to chase a ball,and I throw the ball far,then he runs quickly to bring it back.
文摘Activity 1 Think about the following questions and write down your answers before reading the text.1.What factors might contribute to the high price of a rare dog?2.How do you think the ownership of such an expensive dog might impact the owner's lifestyle or responsibilities?
基金supported by the faculty research fund of Sejong University in 2023,the National Research Foundation ofKorea(NRF)grant funded by theKorea government(MSIT)(RS-2025-00518960)Institute of Information&Communications Technology Planning&Evaluation(IITP)under the metaverse support program to nurture the best talents(IITP-2025-RS-2023-00254529)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT).
文摘Fine-grained dog breed classification presents significant challenges due to subtle inter-class differences,pose variations,and intra-class diversity.To address these complexities and limitations of traditional handcrafted approaches,a novel and efficient two-stageDeep Learning(DL)framework tailored for robust fine-grained classification is proposed.In the first stage,a lightweight object detector,YOLO v8N(You Only Look Once Version 8 Nano),is finetuned to localize both the head and full body of the dog from each image.In the second stage,a dual-stream Vision Transformer(ViT)architecture independently processes the detected head and body regions,enabling the extraction of region-specific,complementary features.This dual-path approach improves feature discriminability by capturing localized cues that are vital for distinguishing visually similar breeds.The proposed framework introduces several key innovations:(1)a modular and lightweight head–body detection pipeline that balances accuracy with computational efficiency,(2)a region-awareViT model that leverages spatial attention for enhanced fine-grained recognition,and(3)a training scheme incorporating advanced augmentations and structured supervision to maximize generalization.These contributions collectively enhancemodel performancewhilemaintaining deployment efficiency.Extensive experiments conducted on the Tsinghua Dogs dataset validate the effectiveness of the approach.The model achieves an accuracy of 90.04%,outperforming existing State-of-the-Art(SOTA)methods across all key evaluation metrics.Furthermore,statistical significance testing confirms the robustness of the observed improvements over multiple baselines.The proposed method presents an effective solution for breed recognition tasks and shows strong potential for broader applications,including pet surveillance,veterinary diagnostics,and cross-species classification.Notably,it achieved an accuracy of 96.85% on the Oxford-IIIT Pet dataset,demonstrating its robustness across different species and breeds.
文摘Aiming at the pain points of visually impaired people during travel,this research innovatively transforms an industrial quadruped robot into a guide dog device.By transplanting the PCS-9180 motion control system(1.7 m/s,IP66),and integrating a multi-modal perception network with a lightweight YOLO11 model.Tests show that the pass-through rate in complex terrains is 98%,the response delay is 0.3 seconds,and the cost is 50%that of a guide dog.The research verifies the social value of the transformation of industrial robot technology.
文摘在英语影视剧或文学作品中,你或许见过这样的场景:主角望着窗外倾盆大雨惊呼“It’s raining cats and dogs!”。其中,raining cats and dogs字面意思是“天上掉猫狗”,实际却用来形容暴雨如瀑布般猛烈。这种超现实的表达并非空穴来风,它的诞生糅合了神话想象与历史现实,成为英语文化中一道独特的语言风景。
文摘DOG1(Delay of germination 1)蛋白是种子休眠的一种主要调控因子,可与ABA协同作用来延迟种子萌发。核心脱落酸(ABA)信号转导途径和DOG1途径在蛋白磷酸酶2C(PP2C)中汇聚。DOG1调控种子休眠需要PP2C,并通过与ABA过敏感萌发(AHG1/AHG3)结合来增强ABA的信号转导。DOG1抑制AHG1的作用来增加ABA的敏感性和诱导种子休眠。近年来,DOG1对种子休眠与萌发的调控研究取得了显著进展。本文对该领域的研究成果进行了综述,主要包括:DOG1对种子成熟、休眠与萌发的作用,DOG1表达的转录调控机制以及DOG1对种子休眠与萌发的调控及作用机制,最后提出了在本领域需要进一步研究的科学问题。
文摘Social learning is a mechanism used by many species to effciently gain information about their environment.Although many animals live in an environment where members of other species are present,little is known about interspecifc social learning.Domesticated and urbanized species provide the opportunity to investigate whether nonhuman animals can learn from heterospecifcs such as humans,who are integral parts of their social landscape.Although domestic dogs Canis familiaris have been intensively researched for their ability to learn from humans,most studies have focused on dogs living as pets.However,free-ranging dogs represent the majority of the world’s dog population,they live alongside humans,scavenge on human refuse,and are subject to natural and sexual selection.Thus,free-ranging dogs with extensive exposure to humans and their artifacts provide the opportunity to investigate interspecifc social learning in a naturalistic setting,where learning from humans might be a beneft for them.Here we tested individual free-ranging dogs in a between-subject design:Dogs in the control group could spontaneously choose between two novel and differently patterned food-delivering boxes.In the experimental group,instead,dogs could frst observe an unfamiliar human approaching and eating from 1 of the 2 boxes.We provide the frst evidence that free-ranging dogs match the choice of an unfamiliar human.These results show that at least simple forms of interspecifc social learning might be involved in dogs’success in living alongside humans in a complex urbanized environment.
基金Fapesp 2014/22827–7Ministério da Saúde do BrasilFundação Faculdade de Medicina and CNPq Grant to JC:301275/2019–0.
文摘Retroviruses have been proven to cause infections and diseases in a series of mammalian hosts but not in dogs.Then,this letter discussed the dog susceptibility to retrovirus infection,encompassing arguments to understand why dogs may have not been infected by retroviruses thus far.The potential resistance of retrovirus in dogs enables this provocative short communication to discuss this question,looking at some evolutive aspects.The lineage of canids has shown,throughout its evolutionary history,a smaller accumulation of retroviruses in canid genomes,classifed as endogenous retroviruses.In this context,the genomes of canids seem to ofer obstacles,which have been evolutionarily conserved,in the face of retroviral infection.
文摘Every year, a higher number of dogs are abandoned or euthanised due to temperament issues and a lack of understanding by owners regarding dog behaviour and training. This research focuses on the potential to make predictions of adult dog temperament based on early puppy behaviours by using a machine learning model. Specifically, the research used guard dog breeds, such as American Bully, American Pit Bull Terrier, and German Shepherd. The study collected dog data and general data from dog owners and used the Random Forest approach to build a predictive model. Users are allowed to input puppy data and receive adult dog temperament predictions in model, which is integrated into a web application. The aims of this web application are to enhance responsible dog ownership and reduce abandonment by offering insights and training recommendations based on predicted outcomes. The model achieved a prediction accuracy of 86% on testing, and it is continually improving, though further refinement is recommended to improve its reliability and applicability across a broader range of breeds. The study contributes to canine welfare by providing a practical solution for predicting temperament outcomes, ultimately helping to reduce shelter populations and euthanasia rates.
基金the Experimental Animal Research Project of Hubei Province(Grant No.2023CFA005).
文摘Feline panleukopenia virus(FPV)is a single-stranded DNA virus that can infect cats and cause feline panleukopenia,which is a highly contagious and fatal disease in felines.The sequence of FPV is highly variable,and mutations in the amino acids of its capsid protein play crucial roles in altering viral virulence,immunogenicity,host selection,and other abilities.In this study,the epidemiology of FPV was studied using 746 gastrointestinal swab samples derived from cats that presented gastrointestinal symptoms specifcally,diarrhea or vomiting during the period spanning from 2018 to 2022.The overall prevalence of FPV-positive patients among these samples was determined to be 45.4%.Capsid(virion)protein 2(VP2)gene of each FPV-positive sample was sequenced and amplifed,yielding 65 VP2 sequences.Among them,six VP2 gene sequences were detected in the majority of the samples test positive for FPV,and these positive samples originated from a diverse range of geographical locations.These isolates were named FPV-6,FPV-10,FPV-15,FPV-251,FPV-271 and FPV-S2.Additionally,the substitution of Ala300Pro(A300P)in VP2 was detected for the frst time in feline-derived FPV(FPV-251).FPV-251 isolate,with this substitution in VP2 protein,exhibited stable proliferative capacity in Madin-Darby canine kidney(MDCK)cells and A72 cells.FPV-271 was selected as the FPV control isolate due to its single amino acid diference from VP2 protein of FPV-251 at position 300(FPV-271 has alanine,while FPV-251 has proline).After oral infection,both FPV-251 and FPV-271 isolates caused feline panleukopenia,which is characterized by clinical signs of enterocolitis.However,FPV-251 can infect dogs through the oral route and cause gastrointestinal(GI)symptoms with lesions in the intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes(MLNs)of infected dogs.This is the frst report on the presence of an A300P substitution in VP2 protein of feline-derived FPV.Additionally,FPV isolate with a substitution of A300P at VP2 protein demonstrated efcient replication capabilities in canine cell lines and the ability to infect dogs.
文摘Chronic kidney disease is commonly diagnosed in dogs,and clinical signs may be aggravated when infected agents are involved.In this case report,33 dogs with chronic kidney disease were clinically evaluated and serologically tested for Leptospira spp.,Ehrlichia canis,and Anaplasma phagocytophilum.The seroprevalence for Leptospira spp.was 39.4%.The most frequent serovars found were Pyrogenes,Canicola,Bratislava and Australis,with serological titers between 1:100 to 1:800.Clinical signs included fever,depression,decreased body condition,vomiting and hema‑turia.Signifcant laboratory fndings were anemia,leukocytosis,thrombocytopenia,increased liver enzymes,urea and creatinine,hyperbilirubinemia and hyperphosphatemia.All leptospira seronegative dogs were positive for one or both monitored homoparasites(i.e.,E.canis and A.phagocytophilum);only three leptospira seropositive dogs were positive for one or both hemoparasites.Findings also suggest that endemic hemoparasites of dogs should be moni‑tored in dogs with a kidney condition for a better clinical picture of the patients and therapeutic approach.
基金Kunshan Municipal Government research funding(Grant Number:22KKSGR075).
文摘Canine parvovirus 2(CPV-2)is a highly contagious virus in dogs that typically causes hemorrhagic enteritis and a high mortality rate in unvaccinated puppies.The genetic variability and antigenic diversity of CPV-2 hinder its efective prevention of infection by vaccination.To investigate the epidemiology and genetic characteristics of CPV-2 in China,rectal swabs from afected dogs were collected from diferent animal clinics in Kunshan from 2022 to 2023.Preliminary detection and capsid gene sequencing of CPV-2 were performed using previously described primers and protocols.The overall detection rate for CPV-2 was 16.5%(33/200).A signifcant association was found between the CPV-2-positivity and clinical signs,age,breed and vaccination status.Sequence analysis revealed the presence of CPV-2c genotypes in all positive samples,which were genetically similar to other Asian CPV-2c strains.Notably,four key mutations(A5G,F267Y,Y324I and Q370R)were detected in all isolates,and one novel mutation(I447M)was detected in three CPV-2 isolates.These mutations in the CPV-2 strains could impact vaccine efcacy and the efectiveness of the virus immune evasion.Surprisingly,no recombination events were observed between the identifed CPV-2c strains and reference strains from China.Our data revealed that amino acid residues 324,426 and 440 of VP2 may under strong selection pressure.This pattern of genetic variation in the CPV-2 lineage warrants continuous laboratory-based surveillance programs in other parts of China to better understand the pattern of seasonal distribution and association between emerging genotypes and the intensity of disease severity.
文摘The cloud computing technology is utilized for achieving resource utilization of remotebased virtual computer to facilitate the consumers with rapid and accurate massive data services.It utilizes on-demand resource provisioning,but the necessitated constraints of rapid turnaround time,minimal execution cost,high rate of resource utilization and limited makespan transforms the Load Balancing(LB)process-based Task Scheduling(TS)problem into an NP-hard optimization issue.In this paper,Hybrid Prairie Dog and Beluga Whale Optimization Algorithm(HPDBWOA)is propounded for precise mapping of tasks to virtual machines with the due objective of addressing the dynamic nature of cloud environment.This capability of HPDBWOA helps in decreasing the SLA violations and Makespan with optimal resource management.It is modelled as a scheduling strategy which utilizes the merits of PDOA and BWOA for attaining reactive decisions making with respect to the process of assigning the tasks to virtual resources by considering their priorities into account.It addresses the problem of pre-convergence with wellbalanced exploration and exploitation to attain necessitated Quality of Service(QoS)for minimizing the waiting time incurred during TS process.It further balanced exploration and exploitation rates for reducing the makespan during the task allocation with complete awareness of VM state.The results of the proposed HPDBWOA confirmed minimized energy utilization of 32.18% and reduced cost of 28.94% better than approaches used for investigation.The statistical investigation of the proposed HPDBWOA conducted using ANOVA confirmed its efficacy over the benchmarked systems in terms of throughput,system,and response time.
文摘The aim of the present study was to compare the ixodicide efficacy of 1% permethrin applied as a shampoo-bath in single treatment and a combined formulation of 2% permethrin + 1% piperonyl butoxide applied as powder in a single treatment against Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks, in naturally infested dogs. Eighteen adult cross-mixed dogs, harboring to at least 20 ticks/animal, were selected on pre-treatment live tick counts. On day 0, the dogs were then divided in 3 groups of 6 animals each, for treatment: Group 1 (G1) received 1% permethrin applied as shampoo-bath (approximately 10 ml/kg bw), according to label instructions. G2 was treated with 2% permethrin + 1% piperonyl butoxide applied as powder, and rubbed as massage on the body, as recommended by the producer. G3 served as a non-treated control. After the treatment, the dogs were checked out for live ticks counting on days 0, 1, 7, and 14. The ixodicide efficacy was assessed based on the percentage reductions of ticks on the days analyzed post-treatment, with respect to the untreated control. Results showed that permethrin alone removed ticks on 81%, 93.1% and 89.6% for days 1, 7 and 14, respectively. The combined formulation of 2% permethrin + 1% piperonyl butoxide exerted a better efficacy of 98.8, 97.7 and 97.0%, respectively. It is concluded that this combined formulation was highly effective at rapidly repelling and killing Riphicephalus sanguineus ticks on naturally infected dogs, showing a significant effect on days 1, 7 and 14 after tick exposure. The sustained high and quick level of efficacy of this combination may well interfere with the transmission of Riphicephalus sanguineus ticks. It is concluded that the sustained high level of efficacy of the permethrin + piperonyl butoxide combination may well exert an additive effect and could interfere with the transmission of Riphicephalus sanguineus ticks.
基金sponsored by the Jiangsu Social Science Fund under the grant title“A Study of Post-apocalyptic Writing in Contemporary American Novels”(20WWB005)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,No.XAB22018.
文摘Peter Heller’s The Dog Stars is a fascinating meditation of post-apocalyptic loneliness.Set in a dismal world devastated by a devastating virus,the story centers on the protagonist Hig’s experience and response as he navigates a terrain devoid of human connection and meaning.This paper investigates the complexities of loneliness,focusing on Hig’s response to the loss of his wife and dog.Furthermore,it delves into the transformational power of companionship,including Hig’s link with his dog Jasper and his ultimate connection with Cima and her father.The fragmented narrative style of the novel mirrors Hig’s internal struggle,offering a raw and intimate portrayal of his journey towards reconnection and hope.Through the novel,Heller offers his profound thinking on the significance of connection in overcoming even post-apocalyptic loneliness.
文摘Superficial microbiota disturbances are common in dogs, with Malassezia pachydermatis yeasts often being involved. Topical products are recommended as a first-line management strategy;however, literature regarding specific topical protocols is still scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a protocol combining chlorhexidine and Ophytrium-containing products in reducing yeast counts in dogs with microscopic evidence of yeast imbalance and dermatological signs. Dogs were shampooed on Day 0 (D0) and then received eight mousse applications at two to three-day intervals. Followed-up parameters on D0, Day 7 (D7), and Day 21 (D21) were microscopic yeast counting, pruritus, and skin irritation scores. At D21, veterinarians’ and owners’ overall assessments were collected. Malassezia pachydermatis counts decreased at D7 (57.3% vs D0, p p p p < 0.001). Efficacy was described by all veterinarians from good to excellent, and the proposed procedures were evaluated as efficient and practical by the owners in 91.7% of the cases. The protocol using chlorhexidine and Ophytrium shampoo and mousse could be a useful option in dogs presenting imbalances in yeast cutaneous microbiota.
