Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A （MEN2A）, a subtype of MEN2, is characterized by medullary thyroid cancer, pheochromocytoma, and primary hyperparathyroidism. A Han Chinese pedigree with MEN2A was investigated fo...Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A （MEN2A）, a subtype of MEN2, is characterized by medullary thyroid cancer, pheochromocytoma, and primary hyperparathyroidism. A Han Chinese pedigree with MEN2A was investigated following confirmation of the proband＇s diagnosis by pathological findings and DNA/biochemical screening. DNA samples from 4 other family members were collected and exon 5, 8, 10, 11, 13, 16 and 18 of the RET proto-oncogene were sequenced and then analyzed. A missense mutation of TGG （Trp） to TGC （Cys） at codon 634 （the classic MEN2A mutation） in exon 11 of the RET gene was detected in 3 family members, including the proband. Sequencing data were compared with the human gene mutation database. Elevated serum calcitonin level was detected initially; medullary thyroid carcinoma was revealed in the 3 cases and adrenal pheochromocytoma was also found in the proband. Elective operations were successfully performed on the adrenal and thyroid glands because of pheochromocytoma and medullary thyroid carcinoma. Our case study confirms that integrated DNA-based/biochemical screening is crucial for early diagnosis of MEN2A and is helpful in the screening of their relatives. In addition, DNA-based screening may occasionally uncover a previously unknown RET sequence.展开更多
An electrochemical sensor incorporating a signal enhancement for the determination of lead （II） ions （Pb2＋） was designed on the basis of the thrombin-binding aptamer （TBA） as a molecular recog- nition element a...An electrochemical sensor incorporating a signal enhancement for the determination of lead （II） ions （Pb2＋） was designed on the basis of the thrombin-binding aptamer （TBA） as a molecular recog- nition element and ionic liquid supported cerium oxide （CeO2） nanoparticles-carbon nanotubes compo- site modification. The composite comprises nanoparticles CeO2, multi-waU carbon nanotubes （MWNTs） and hydrophobic room temperature ionic liquid （RTIL） 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate （EMIMBF4）. The electrochemical sensors were fabricated by immersing the CeOa-MWNTs-EMIMBF4 modified glassy carbon electrode （GCE） into the solution of TBA probe. In the presence of Pb2＋, the TBA probe could form stable G-quartet structure by the specific binding interactions between Pb2＋ and TBA. The TBA-bound Pb2＋ can be electrochemically reduced, which provides a readout signal for quantitative detection of Pb2＋. The reduction peak current is linearly related to the concentration of Pb2＋ from 1.0 ＊ 10-8 M to 1.0 ＊ 105 M with a detection limit of 5 ＊ 109 M. This work demonstrates that the CeOz-MWNTs-EMIMBF4 nanocomposite modified GCE provides a promising platform for immobi- lizing the TBA probe and enhancing the sensitivity of the DNA-based sensors.展开更多
In this paper,a typical experiment is carried out based on a high-resolution air-sea coupled model,namely,the coupled ocean-atmosphere-wave-sediment transport(COAWST)model,on both heterogeneous many-core(SW)and homoge...In this paper,a typical experiment is carried out based on a high-resolution air-sea coupled model,namely,the coupled ocean-atmosphere-wave-sediment transport(COAWST)model,on both heterogeneous many-core(SW)and homogenous multicore(Intel)supercomputing platforms.We construct a hindcast of Typhoon Lekima on both the SW and Intel platforms,compare the simulation results between these two platforms and compare the key elements of the atmospheric and ocean modules to reanalysis data.The comparative experiment in this typhoon case indicates that the domestic many-core computing platform and general cluster yield almost no differences in the simulated typhoon path and intensity,and the differences in surface pressure(PSFC)in the WRF model and sea surface temperature(SST)in the short-range forecast are very small,whereas a major difference can be identified at high latitudes after the first 10 days.Further heat budget analysis verifies that the differences in SST after 10 days are mainly caused by shortwave radiation variations,as influenced by subsequently generated typhoons in the system.These typhoons generated in the hindcast after the first 10 days attain obviously different trajectories between the two platforms.展开更多
DNA-based hydrogels are exceptional materials for biological applications because of their numerous advantages such as biodegradability,biocompatibility,hydrophilicity,super absorbency,porosity,and swelling.Among thes...DNA-based hydrogels are exceptional materials for biological applications because of their numerous advantages such as biodegradability,biocompatibility,hydrophilicity,super absorbency,porosity,and swelling.Among these advantages,the ability of DNA-based hydrogels to respond to specific physical and chemical triggers and undergo reversible phase transitions has garnered significant attention in the fields of disease diagnosis(biosensors)and treatment(drug delivery).This article focuses on the recent advancements in the research of DNA-based hydrogels and discusses the different types of these hydrogels,the synthetic methods,their unique properties,and their applications in biosensors and drug delivery.The types of DNA hydrogels are categorized based on their building blocks,and the process of synthesis as well as the unique characteristics of DNA-based hydrogels are described.Then,DNA-based responsive hydrogels utilized as intelligent materials for the development of biosensors are reviewed.Furthermore,this article also presents the current status of DNA-based responsive hydrogels in drug delivery for cancer treatment,wound healing,and other therapeutic applications.Ultimately,this paper discusses the current challenges in expanding the practical application of DNA-based hydrogels.展开更多
This paper discusses the design of the queue for DNA-based computer on the point view of data structure. The nucleotide encodings for all components of the queue are given out formally. The linear double-stranded DNA ...This paper discusses the design of the queue for DNA-based computer on the point view of data structure. The nucleotide encodings for all components of the queue are given out formally. The linear double-stranded DNA molecules are used as the storage structure of the queue, and the basic bio-operations over the queue are described. Furthermore, the comparison between the queue of the electronic computer and that of DNA-based computer are elucidated. To prove the feasibility of our work, nucleotide encodings for an instance of queue are given out. All the biological technology mentioned in this paper can be practically implemented in the laboratory. Based on this work, other data structures could be developed in DNA-based computer.展开更多
The Dynamical Density Functional Theory(DDFT)algorithm,derived by associating classical Density Functional Theory(DFT)with the fundamental Smoluchowski dynamical equation,describes the evolution of inhomo-geneous flui...The Dynamical Density Functional Theory(DDFT)algorithm,derived by associating classical Density Functional Theory(DFT)with the fundamental Smoluchowski dynamical equation,describes the evolution of inhomo-geneous fluid density distributions over time.It plays a significant role in studying the evolution of density distributions over time in inhomogeneous systems.The Sunway Bluelight II supercomputer,as a new generation of China’s developed supercomputer,possesses powerful computational capabilities.Porting and optimizing industrial software on this platform holds significant importance.For the optimization of the DDFT algorithm,based on the Sunway Bluelight II supercomputer and the unique hardware architecture of the SW39000 processor,this work proposes three acceleration strategies to enhance computational efficiency and performance,including direct parallel optimization,local-memory constrained optimization for CPEs,and multi-core groups collaboration and communication optimization.This method combines the characteristics of the program’s algorithm with the unique hardware architecture of the Sunway Bluelight II supercomputer,optimizing the storage and transmission structures to achieve a closer integration of software and hardware.For the first time,this paper presents Sunway-Dynamical Density Functional Theory(SW-DDFT).Experimental results show that SW-DDFT achieves a speedup of 6.67 times within a single-core group compared to the original DDFT implementation,with six core groups(a total of 384 CPEs),the maximum speedup can reach 28.64 times,and parallel efficiency can reach 71%,demonstrating excellent acceleration performance.展开更多
以ChatGPT为代表的生成式大模型,展现出前所未有的通用能力,并驱动科学研究范式向科学智能(AI for science)转变。这一趋势使得高性能计算与人工智能计算加速融合,超智融合的智能超算系统成为支撑未来大模型发展与科学发现的关键基础设...以ChatGPT为代表的生成式大模型,展现出前所未有的通用能力,并驱动科学研究范式向科学智能(AI for science)转变。这一趋势使得高性能计算与人工智能计算加速融合,超智融合的智能超算系统成为支撑未来大模型发展与科学发现的关键基础设施。本文对智能超算系统在这一历史性交汇点上面临的重大机遇进行了系统分析,并深入探讨了其在计算芯片、体系结构、硬件系统、软件生态、可靠性与能耗等方面所遭遇的严峻挑战,提出需要软硬件协同设计与全产业链的紧密合作,从而为构建高效、普惠、可持续的新一代智能超算系统奠定基础。展开更多
The advent of 5G technology has significantly enhanced the transmission of images over networks,expanding data accessibility and exposure across various applications in digital technology and social media.Consequently...The advent of 5G technology has significantly enhanced the transmission of images over networks,expanding data accessibility and exposure across various applications in digital technology and social media.Consequently,the protection of sensitive data has become increasingly critical.Regardless of the complexity of the encryption algorithm used,a robust and highly secure encryption key is essential,with randomness and key space being crucial factors.This paper proposes a new Robust Deoxyribonucleic Acid(RDNA)nucleotide-based encryption method.The RDNA encryption method leverages the unique properties of DNA nucleotides,including their inherent randomness and extensive key space,to generate a highly secure encryption key.By employing transposition and substitution operations,the RDNA method ensures significant diffusion and confusion in the encrypted images.Additionally,it utilises a pseudorandom generation technique based on the random sequence of nucleotides in the DNA secret key.The performance of the RDNA encryption method is evaluated through various statistical and visual tests,and compared against established encryption methods such as 3DES,AES,and a DNA-based method.Experimental results demonstrate that the RDNA encryption method outperforms its rivals in the literature,and achieves superior performance in terms of information entropy,avalanche effect,encryption execution time,and correlation reduction,while maintaining competitive values for NMAE,PSNR,NPCR,and UACI.The high degree of randomness and sensitivity to key changes inherent in the RDNA method offers enhanced security,making it highly resistant to brute force and differential attacks.展开更多
In natural aquatic ecosystems,algal-derived organic carbon(AOC)often coexists with exogenous organic carbon(EOC).Microbial utilization of these distinct carbon sources affects carbon flux and transformation in water c...In natural aquatic ecosystems,algal-derived organic carbon(AOC)often coexists with exogenous organic carbon(EOC).Microbial utilization of these distinct carbon sources affects carbon flux and transformation in water column and algal growth.Microcystis blooms significantly increase AOC levels in water,but the microbial transformation process of Microcystis-derived AOC in the presence of EOC remain poorly understood.We conducted a simulated experiment by introducing^(13)C-sodium bicarbonate and^(13)C-glucose as substrates for indoor simulation of non-axenic Microcystis aeruginosa(M.aeruginosa)populations in a sealed system.The microbial transformation processes of AOC and EOC and their effects on M.aeruginosa growth were investigated.Results demonstrated that the addition of glucose accelerated M.aeruginosa growth and significantly increased their biomass.During the experiment,as the particulate organic carbon and nitrogen content increased,the concentrations of CO_(2)and N_(2)O were gradually decreased,while the concentration of CH4 were gradually increased.Significant differences were observed in the microbial processes involved in the uptake of AOC and EOC.Bacteria involved in AOC transformation throughout the growth period were dominated by Proteobacteria,Gemmatimonadota,Actinobacteriota,Bacteroidota,Acidobacteriota,and Firmicutes.The bacteria involved in EOC transformation were dominated by Proteobacteria,Actinobacteriota,Firmicutes,Cyanobacteria,Armatimonadota,and Bacteroidota.Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size(LEfSe)analysis revealed Massilia and Akkermansia as biomarkers involved in AOC transformation,while Ligilactobacillus was associated with EOC transformation.These findings provide valuable insights into the effects of EOC on algae-bacteria interaction,and on the dynamics of carbon and nitrogen cycling among M.aeruginosa and its associated bacteria.展开更多
In June 2018, the United States claimed the No. 1 position in supercomputing according to TOP500, which ranks the top 500 most powerful computer systems in the world [1]. The US Department of Energy’s Summit machine ...In June 2018, the United States claimed the No. 1 position in supercomputing according to TOP500, which ranks the top 500 most powerful computer systems in the world [1]. The US Department of Energy’s Summit machine (Fig. 1)[1] claimed this distinction, which previously had been held by China’s Sunway TaihuLight supercomputer.展开更多
We have demonstrated the application of the world’s fastest supercomputer Fugaku located in Japan to select the COVID-19 drugs and stopping the pandemic spread. Using computer simulation out of 2128 potential drug ca...We have demonstrated the application of the world’s fastest supercomputer Fugaku located in Japan to select the COVID-19 drugs and stopping the pandemic spread. Using computer simulation out of 2128 potential drug candidates, the world’s fastest supercomputer picked 30 most effective and potential drugs. Twelve of them are under clinical trials outside Japan;some are being tested in Japan. The computer reduced the computation time from one year to 10 days when compared to second superfast computer of the world. Fugaku supercomputer was employed to know the behavior of airborne aerosol COVID-19 virus. 3Cs were suggested: avoid closed and crowded spaces and contacts to stop the pandemic spread. The progress in vaccine development and proper use and type of mask has also been described in this article. The article will benefit greatly to stop spreading and treating the pandemic COVID-19.展开更多
The first in China 10~9 sparallel supercomputer, named as Yinhe-Ⅱ, had been manufac-tured by Science-technological University of National Defence. The main feature of thesupercomputer are: 4-processor system, the pri...The first in China 10~9 sparallel supercomputer, named as Yinhe-Ⅱ, had been manufac-tured by Science-technological University of National Defence. The main feature of thesupercomputer are: 4-processor system, the principle frequence 50 MHz, the word length 64 byte,the main memory 256 Mb, two individual input / output subsystems, > 10~9 operations per sec-展开更多
China’s first supercomputer capable of 100 million calculations per second was the YH-1,which was independently developed by the Institute of Computer Science at the National University of Defense Technology(NUDT)bet...China’s first supercomputer capable of 100 million calculations per second was the YH-1,which was independently developed by the Institute of Computer Science at the National University of Defense Technology(NUDT)between 1978 and 1983.YH-1 played an important role in China’s national defense construction and national economic development.It made China one of the few countries in the world to successfully develop a supercomputer.Based on original archive documents,interviews with relevant personnel,and an analysis of the technological parameters of the supercomputers YH-1 in China and Cray-1 in the United States,this paper reviews in detail the historic process of the development of YH-1,analyzing its innovation and summarizing the experience and lessons learned from it.This analysis is significant for current military-civilian integration,and the commercialization of university research findings in China.展开更多
基金supported by grant 81170747 from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of Chinagrant H201106 from Health Promotion Foundation of Jiangsu Provincegrant from the Office of Human Resources and Social Security of Jiangsu Province (Peak of the Six Personnel in Jiangsu Province) to Hongwen Zhou
文摘Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A （MEN2A）, a subtype of MEN2, is characterized by medullary thyroid cancer, pheochromocytoma, and primary hyperparathyroidism. A Han Chinese pedigree with MEN2A was investigated following confirmation of the proband＇s diagnosis by pathological findings and DNA/biochemical screening. DNA samples from 4 other family members were collected and exon 5, 8, 10, 11, 13, 16 and 18 of the RET proto-oncogene were sequenced and then analyzed. A missense mutation of TGG （Trp） to TGC （Cys） at codon 634 （the classic MEN2A mutation） in exon 11 of the RET gene was detected in 3 family members, including the proband. Sequencing data were compared with the human gene mutation database. Elevated serum calcitonin level was detected initially; medullary thyroid carcinoma was revealed in the 3 cases and adrenal pheochromocytoma was also found in the proband. Elective operations were successfully performed on the adrenal and thyroid glands because of pheochromocytoma and medullary thyroid carcinoma. Our case study confirms that integrated DNA-based/biochemical screening is crucial for early diagnosis of MEN2A and is helpful in the screening of their relatives. In addition, DNA-based screening may occasionally uncover a previously unknown RET sequence.
基金supports from the National Science Foundations of China (Nos. 20875076 and 21005061)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (No. 20096101120011)+2 种基金the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China (No.2010JQ2013)the Education Department of Shaanxi Province,China (No. 09JK759)the NWU Graduate Innovation and Creativity Funds (No. 09YSY04)
文摘An electrochemical sensor incorporating a signal enhancement for the determination of lead （II） ions （Pb2＋） was designed on the basis of the thrombin-binding aptamer （TBA） as a molecular recog- nition element and ionic liquid supported cerium oxide （CeO2） nanoparticles-carbon nanotubes compo- site modification. The composite comprises nanoparticles CeO2, multi-waU carbon nanotubes （MWNTs） and hydrophobic room temperature ionic liquid （RTIL） 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate （EMIMBF4）. The electrochemical sensors were fabricated by immersing the CeOa-MWNTs-EMIMBF4 modified glassy carbon electrode （GCE） into the solution of TBA probe. In the presence of Pb2＋, the TBA probe could form stable G-quartet structure by the specific binding interactions between Pb2＋ and TBA. The TBA-bound Pb2＋ can be electrochemically reduced, which provides a readout signal for quantitative detection of Pb2＋. The reduction peak current is linearly related to the concentration of Pb2＋ from 1.0 ＊ 10-8 M to 1.0 ＊ 105 M with a detection limit of 5 ＊ 109 M. This work demonstrates that the CeOz-MWNTs-EMIMBF4 nanocomposite modified GCE provides a promising platform for immobi- lizing the TBA probe and enhancing the sensitivity of the DNA-based sensors.
基金This work is supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2016YFB0201100)Additionally,this work is supported by the National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Major Project of the Aoshan Science and Technology Innovation Program(No.2018ASKJ01-04)the Open Fundation of Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Simulation,Ministry of Natural Resources(No.2021-YB-02).
文摘In this paper,a typical experiment is carried out based on a high-resolution air-sea coupled model,namely,the coupled ocean-atmosphere-wave-sediment transport(COAWST)model,on both heterogeneous many-core(SW)and homogenous multicore(Intel)supercomputing platforms.We construct a hindcast of Typhoon Lekima on both the SW and Intel platforms,compare the simulation results between these two platforms and compare the key elements of the atmospheric and ocean modules to reanalysis data.The comparative experiment in this typhoon case indicates that the domestic many-core computing platform and general cluster yield almost no differences in the simulated typhoon path and intensity,and the differences in surface pressure(PSFC)in the WRF model and sea surface temperature(SST)in the short-range forecast are very small,whereas a major difference can be identified at high latitudes after the first 10 days.Further heat budget analysis verifies that the differences in SST after 10 days are mainly caused by shortwave radiation variations,as influenced by subsequently generated typhoons in the system.These typhoons generated in the hindcast after the first 10 days attain obviously different trajectories between the two platforms.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21804014)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Science&Technology Commission(No.2023jcyjA3529)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(No.KJQN202200832)Construction of Graduate Joint Training Base of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(No.yjd223005)。
文摘DNA-based hydrogels are exceptional materials for biological applications because of their numerous advantages such as biodegradability,biocompatibility,hydrophilicity,super absorbency,porosity,and swelling.Among these advantages,the ability of DNA-based hydrogels to respond to specific physical and chemical triggers and undergo reversible phase transitions has garnered significant attention in the fields of disease diagnosis(biosensors)and treatment(drug delivery).This article focuses on the recent advancements in the research of DNA-based hydrogels and discusses the different types of these hydrogels,the synthetic methods,their unique properties,and their applications in biosensors and drug delivery.The types of DNA hydrogels are categorized based on their building blocks,and the process of synthesis as well as the unique characteristics of DNA-based hydrogels are described.Then,DNA-based responsive hydrogels utilized as intelligent materials for the development of biosensors are reviewed.Furthermore,this article also presents the current status of DNA-based responsive hydrogels in drug delivery for cancer treatment,wound healing,and other therapeutic applications.Ultimately,this paper discusses the current challenges in expanding the practical application of DNA-based hydrogels.
基金This work was supportedin part by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No.60474037and60004006) Programfor NewCentury Excellent Talents in University (NCET04 415) +1 种基金Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Programof Higher Educationfrom Educational Committee of China (No.20030255009) the Youth Foundation fromEducational Committee of Anhui Province(No.2005jql043) .
文摘This paper discusses the design of the queue for DNA-based computer on the point view of data structure. The nucleotide encodings for all components of the queue are given out formally. The linear double-stranded DNA molecules are used as the storage structure of the queue, and the basic bio-operations over the queue are described. Furthermore, the comparison between the queue of the electronic computer and that of DNA-based computer are elucidated. To prove the feasibility of our work, nucleotide encodings for an instance of queue are given out. All the biological technology mentioned in this paper can be practically implemented in the laboratory. Based on this work, other data structures could be developed in DNA-based computer.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2024YFE0210800National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62495062Beijing Natural Science Foundation under Grant L242017.
文摘The Dynamical Density Functional Theory(DDFT)algorithm,derived by associating classical Density Functional Theory(DFT)with the fundamental Smoluchowski dynamical equation,describes the evolution of inhomo-geneous fluid density distributions over time.It plays a significant role in studying the evolution of density distributions over time in inhomogeneous systems.The Sunway Bluelight II supercomputer,as a new generation of China’s developed supercomputer,possesses powerful computational capabilities.Porting and optimizing industrial software on this platform holds significant importance.For the optimization of the DDFT algorithm,based on the Sunway Bluelight II supercomputer and the unique hardware architecture of the SW39000 processor,this work proposes three acceleration strategies to enhance computational efficiency and performance,including direct parallel optimization,local-memory constrained optimization for CPEs,and multi-core groups collaboration and communication optimization.This method combines the characteristics of the program’s algorithm with the unique hardware architecture of the Sunway Bluelight II supercomputer,optimizing the storage and transmission structures to achieve a closer integration of software and hardware.For the first time,this paper presents Sunway-Dynamical Density Functional Theory(SW-DDFT).Experimental results show that SW-DDFT achieves a speedup of 6.67 times within a single-core group compared to the original DDFT implementation,with six core groups(a total of 384 CPEs),the maximum speedup can reach 28.64 times,and parallel efficiency can reach 71%,demonstrating excellent acceleration performance.
文摘以ChatGPT为代表的生成式大模型,展现出前所未有的通用能力,并驱动科学研究范式向科学智能(AI for science)转变。这一趋势使得高性能计算与人工智能计算加速融合,超智融合的智能超算系统成为支撑未来大模型发展与科学发现的关键基础设施。本文对智能超算系统在这一历史性交汇点上面临的重大机遇进行了系统分析,并深入探讨了其在计算芯片、体系结构、硬件系统、软件生态、可靠性与能耗等方面所遭遇的严峻挑战,提出需要软硬件协同设计与全产业链的紧密合作,从而为构建高效、普惠、可持续的新一代智能超算系统奠定基础。
文摘The advent of 5G technology has significantly enhanced the transmission of images over networks,expanding data accessibility and exposure across various applications in digital technology and social media.Consequently,the protection of sensitive data has become increasingly critical.Regardless of the complexity of the encryption algorithm used,a robust and highly secure encryption key is essential,with randomness and key space being crucial factors.This paper proposes a new Robust Deoxyribonucleic Acid(RDNA)nucleotide-based encryption method.The RDNA encryption method leverages the unique properties of DNA nucleotides,including their inherent randomness and extensive key space,to generate a highly secure encryption key.By employing transposition and substitution operations,the RDNA method ensures significant diffusion and confusion in the encrypted images.Additionally,it utilises a pseudorandom generation technique based on the random sequence of nucleotides in the DNA secret key.The performance of the RDNA encryption method is evaluated through various statistical and visual tests,and compared against established encryption methods such as 3DES,AES,and a DNA-based method.Experimental results demonstrate that the RDNA encryption method outperforms its rivals in the literature,and achieves superior performance in terms of information entropy,avalanche effect,encryption execution time,and correlation reduction,while maintaining competitive values for NMAE,PSNR,NPCR,and UACI.The high degree of randomness and sensitivity to key changes inherent in the RDNA method offers enhanced security,making it highly resistant to brute force and differential attacks.
基金Supported by the Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Planning Project(No.BK20231516)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42293264,32371606,31971449)。
文摘In natural aquatic ecosystems,algal-derived organic carbon(AOC)often coexists with exogenous organic carbon(EOC).Microbial utilization of these distinct carbon sources affects carbon flux and transformation in water column and algal growth.Microcystis blooms significantly increase AOC levels in water,but the microbial transformation process of Microcystis-derived AOC in the presence of EOC remain poorly understood.We conducted a simulated experiment by introducing^(13)C-sodium bicarbonate and^(13)C-glucose as substrates for indoor simulation of non-axenic Microcystis aeruginosa(M.aeruginosa)populations in a sealed system.The microbial transformation processes of AOC and EOC and their effects on M.aeruginosa growth were investigated.Results demonstrated that the addition of glucose accelerated M.aeruginosa growth and significantly increased their biomass.During the experiment,as the particulate organic carbon and nitrogen content increased,the concentrations of CO_(2)and N_(2)O were gradually decreased,while the concentration of CH4 were gradually increased.Significant differences were observed in the microbial processes involved in the uptake of AOC and EOC.Bacteria involved in AOC transformation throughout the growth period were dominated by Proteobacteria,Gemmatimonadota,Actinobacteriota,Bacteroidota,Acidobacteriota,and Firmicutes.The bacteria involved in EOC transformation were dominated by Proteobacteria,Actinobacteriota,Firmicutes,Cyanobacteria,Armatimonadota,and Bacteroidota.Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size(LEfSe)analysis revealed Massilia and Akkermansia as biomarkers involved in AOC transformation,while Ligilactobacillus was associated with EOC transformation.These findings provide valuable insights into the effects of EOC on algae-bacteria interaction,and on the dynamics of carbon and nitrogen cycling among M.aeruginosa and its associated bacteria.
文摘In June 2018, the United States claimed the No. 1 position in supercomputing according to TOP500, which ranks the top 500 most powerful computer systems in the world [1]. The US Department of Energy’s Summit machine (Fig. 1)[1] claimed this distinction, which previously had been held by China’s Sunway TaihuLight supercomputer.
文摘We have demonstrated the application of the world’s fastest supercomputer Fugaku located in Japan to select the COVID-19 drugs and stopping the pandemic spread. Using computer simulation out of 2128 potential drug candidates, the world’s fastest supercomputer picked 30 most effective and potential drugs. Twelve of them are under clinical trials outside Japan;some are being tested in Japan. The computer reduced the computation time from one year to 10 days when compared to second superfast computer of the world. Fugaku supercomputer was employed to know the behavior of airborne aerosol COVID-19 virus. 3Cs were suggested: avoid closed and crowded spaces and contacts to stop the pandemic spread. The progress in vaccine development and proper use and type of mask has also been described in this article. The article will benefit greatly to stop spreading and treating the pandemic COVID-19.
文摘The first in China 10~9 sparallel supercomputer, named as Yinhe-Ⅱ, had been manufac-tured by Science-technological University of National Defence. The main feature of thesupercomputer are: 4-processor system, the principle frequence 50 MHz, the word length 64 byte,the main memory 256 Mb, two individual input / output subsystems, > 10~9 operations per sec-
文摘China’s first supercomputer capable of 100 million calculations per second was the YH-1,which was independently developed by the Institute of Computer Science at the National University of Defense Technology(NUDT)between 1978 and 1983.YH-1 played an important role in China’s national defense construction and national economic development.It made China one of the few countries in the world to successfully develop a supercomputer.Based on original archive documents,interviews with relevant personnel,and an analysis of the technological parameters of the supercomputers YH-1 in China and Cray-1 in the United States,this paper reviews in detail the historic process of the development of YH-1,analyzing its innovation and summarizing the experience and lessons learned from it.This analysis is significant for current military-civilian integration,and the commercialization of university research findings in China.
