Overview of the DNA damage response(DDR)in tumor cells.DDR is a highly coordinated signaling network that repairs DNA damage caused by intrinsic cellular processes and extrinsic insults,thereby preventing genome insta...Overview of the DNA damage response(DDR)in tumor cells.DDR is a highly coordinated signaling network that repairs DNA damage caused by intrinsic cellular processes and extrinsic insults,thereby preventing genome instability.Depending on the type of damage,distinct DNA damage repair and DNA damage tolerance(DDT)pathways are involved and coordinately regulated.展开更多
The Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass(YSCWM)is a distinct hydrographic phenomenon of the Yellow Sea,and the distribution pattern of meio-and macrobenthos diff ers inside and outside of the YSCWM.However,such a pattern has ne...The Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass(YSCWM)is a distinct hydrographic phenomenon of the Yellow Sea,and the distribution pattern of meio-and macrobenthos diff ers inside and outside of the YSCWM.However,such a pattern has never been observed in the microbenthic ciliate communities.Therefore,we hypothesized that benthic ciliates followed a similar distribution pattern as meio-and macrobenthos,but this pattern has not been uncovered by morphological methods.We evaluated the diversity and distribution of benthic ciliates at fi ve stations along hydrographic gradients across the YSCWM and adjacent shallow water by using morphology and DNA and complementary DNA(cDNA)high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of 18S rRNA gene.Results showed that the diversity of benthic ciliates detected by DNA(303 OTUs),and the cDNA(611 OTUs)sequencing was much higher than that detected by the morphological method(79 species).Morphological method detected roughly diff erent ciliate communities inside and outside of the YSCWM,but without statistical signifi cance.No clear pattern was obtained by DNA sequencing.In contrast,cDNA sequencing revealed a distinct distribution pattern of benthic ciliate communities like meioand macrobenthos,which coincided well with the results of the environmental parameter analysis.More than half of the total sequences detected by DNA sequencing belonged to planktonic ciliates,most(if not all)of which were recovered from historic DNA originating through the sedimentation of pelagic forms because none of them were observed morphologically.The irrelevant historic DNA greatly infl uenced the recovery of rare species and thus limited the understanding of the benthic ciliate diversity and distribution.Our research indicates that the methods used have signifi cant eff ects on the investigation of benthic ciliate communities and highlights that cDNA sequencing has great advantages in estimating the diversity and distribution of benthic ciliates,as well as the potential for benthic environmental assessments.展开更多
高通量DNA测序极大推动了碱基突变、基因拷贝数和结构变异等遗传变异事件的发现和检测。传统的高通量DNA测序(bulk DNA sequencing)所需的DNA来源于大量细胞,能检测到细胞群体共有的基因组变异事件,但会掩盖群体内单个细胞间的差异。为...高通量DNA测序极大推动了碱基突变、基因拷贝数和结构变异等遗传变异事件的发现和检测。传统的高通量DNA测序(bulk DNA sequencing)所需的DNA来源于大量细胞,能检测到细胞群体共有的基因组变异事件,但会掩盖群体内单个细胞间的差异。为了精准检测每个细胞间的差异,单细胞DNA测序(single cell DNA sequencing,scDNA-seq)技术被开发出来,极大推动了肿瘤基因组学、遗传学及疾病发生发展等学科领域的进展。该文简要概括了scDNA-seq技术的发展历程、面临的挑战、最新的进展及应用,并展望了scDNA-seq的未来发展方向。展开更多
Assembled protein-based substances are emerging and promising classes of materials that provide unique properties for various applications in biotechnology and nanotechnolegy. Self-assembly is an effective way to immo...Assembled protein-based substances are emerging and promising classes of materials that provide unique properties for various applications in biotechnology and nanotechnolegy. Self-assembly is an effective way to immobilize protein. In this study, DNAs-conjugated bovine serum albumin （BSA） assembled into fibers via DNA hybridization is demonstrated. The morphology of fibers was observed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and atomic force microscopy （AFM）, and the assembly mechanism was then analysed and discussed. BSA molecules were first linked by DNA molecule and formed linear chains. These chains then were parallelly linked through additional DNA hybridization. Finally, several BSA chains further assembled into fibers by layering lamellae in a parallel manner. This work perhaps will provide a guide to the immobilization of enzyme, which could be applied to increase its catalytic efficiency in biomedicine and nanotechnology.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82330090 and Grant No.82341006 to C.G.)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA0460403 to C.G.)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(Grant No.202203021211155 to X.M.).
文摘Overview of the DNA damage response(DDR)in tumor cells.DDR is a highly coordinated signaling network that repairs DNA damage caused by intrinsic cellular processes and extrinsic insults,thereby preventing genome instability.Depending on the type of damage,distinct DNA damage repair and DNA damage tolerance(DDT)pathways are involved and coordinately regulated.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41876171,41506167,41476144)。
文摘The Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass(YSCWM)is a distinct hydrographic phenomenon of the Yellow Sea,and the distribution pattern of meio-and macrobenthos diff ers inside and outside of the YSCWM.However,such a pattern has never been observed in the microbenthic ciliate communities.Therefore,we hypothesized that benthic ciliates followed a similar distribution pattern as meio-and macrobenthos,but this pattern has not been uncovered by morphological methods.We evaluated the diversity and distribution of benthic ciliates at fi ve stations along hydrographic gradients across the YSCWM and adjacent shallow water by using morphology and DNA and complementary DNA(cDNA)high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of 18S rRNA gene.Results showed that the diversity of benthic ciliates detected by DNA(303 OTUs),and the cDNA(611 OTUs)sequencing was much higher than that detected by the morphological method(79 species).Morphological method detected roughly diff erent ciliate communities inside and outside of the YSCWM,but without statistical signifi cance.No clear pattern was obtained by DNA sequencing.In contrast,cDNA sequencing revealed a distinct distribution pattern of benthic ciliate communities like meioand macrobenthos,which coincided well with the results of the environmental parameter analysis.More than half of the total sequences detected by DNA sequencing belonged to planktonic ciliates,most(if not all)of which were recovered from historic DNA originating through the sedimentation of pelagic forms because none of them were observed morphologically.The irrelevant historic DNA greatly infl uenced the recovery of rare species and thus limited the understanding of the benthic ciliate diversity and distribution.Our research indicates that the methods used have signifi cant eff ects on the investigation of benthic ciliate communities and highlights that cDNA sequencing has great advantages in estimating the diversity and distribution of benthic ciliates,as well as the potential for benthic environmental assessments.
文摘高通量DNA测序极大推动了碱基突变、基因拷贝数和结构变异等遗传变异事件的发现和检测。传统的高通量DNA测序(bulk DNA sequencing)所需的DNA来源于大量细胞,能检测到细胞群体共有的基因组变异事件,但会掩盖群体内单个细胞间的差异。为了精准检测每个细胞间的差异,单细胞DNA测序(single cell DNA sequencing,scDNA-seq)技术被开发出来,极大推动了肿瘤基因组学、遗传学及疾病发生发展等学科领域的进展。该文简要概括了scDNA-seq技术的发展历程、面临的挑战、最新的进展及应用,并展望了scDNA-seq的未来发展方向。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC, No. 21174029)the Industry Academia Cooperation Innovation Fund of Jiangsu Province(No.BY201412707)+1 种基金the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2242016K41020)
文摘Assembled protein-based substances are emerging and promising classes of materials that provide unique properties for various applications in biotechnology and nanotechnolegy. Self-assembly is an effective way to immobilize protein. In this study, DNAs-conjugated bovine serum albumin （BSA） assembled into fibers via DNA hybridization is demonstrated. The morphology of fibers was observed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and atomic force microscopy （AFM）, and the assembly mechanism was then analysed and discussed. BSA molecules were first linked by DNA molecule and formed linear chains. These chains then were parallelly linked through additional DNA hybridization. Finally, several BSA chains further assembled into fibers by layering lamellae in a parallel manner. This work perhaps will provide a guide to the immobilization of enzyme, which could be applied to increase its catalytic efficiency in biomedicine and nanotechnology.
